The parking regulations of this article are intended to help ensure that off-street parking facilities are provided to meet the basic day-to-day needs of shoppers, employees, visitors and residents while also avoiding the negative impacts that can result from requiring excessive quantities of off-street parking.

The provisions of this article are also intended to help protect the public health, safety and general welfare by:

General. Off-street parking must be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this article. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the regulations apply to all zoning districts and uses.

New uses and development. The parking regulations of this article apply to all new buildings constructed and all new uses established in all zoning districts.

Change of use. If a new use of a building or structure requires more off-street parking than the use that most recently occupied the building or structure, the new use must comply with the parking requirements of this article.

Enlargements and expansions.

Maintenance. Off-street parking spaces required by this chapter must be maintained for the life of the principal use.

Damage or destruction. When a use that has been damaged or destroyed is reestablished, off-street parking or loading facilities must also be reestablished or continued in operation in an amount equal to the number maintained at the time of such damage or destruction. It is not necessary, however, to restore or maintain parking or loading facilities in excess of those required by this chapter.

Plans. All applications for a building permit must be accompanied by a fully dimensioned and scaled plan showing parking, driveway and loading facilities provided to comply with this chapter.

Multiple uses. Lots containing more than one use or tenant must provide parking in an amount equal to the total aggregate number of spaces required for each use or tenant on the lot except when a shared parking arrangement is approved in accordance with § 475-803C.

Rounding. When calculating off-street parking requirements, any fractional result of less than one-half is rounded down to the whole number and any fractional result of one-half or more is rounded up to the whole number.

Floor area exemptions. When minimum off-street parking ratios exempt the first increment of floor area, such exemption is credited to each individual use, whether located in a single- or multi-tenant development.

Occupancy- or capacity-based standards. For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees, students, members, residents or occupants, calculations must be based on the average number of persons working on any single shift, the average enrollment or membership or the building code-rated capacity, whichever is applicable.

Bench seating. For the purpose of calculating parking requirements based on seating, each 22 linear inches of bench or pew length is equivalent to one seat.

Unlisted uses. Upon receiving a development application for a use not specifically listed in an off-street parking schedule, the Planning and Zoning Administrator is authorized to apply the off-street parking ratio specified for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use or establish a minimum off-street parking requirement for the proposed use in accordance with § 475-802D(7).

Establishment of other parking ratios. The Planning and Zoning Administrator is authorized to establish required minimum parking ratios for unlisted uses and in those instances where authority to establish a requirement is expressly granted. Such ratios must be established on the basis of 1) a similar use/parking determination [as described in § 475-802D(6)], 2) parking data provided by the applicant, or 3) other information available to the Planning and Zoning Administrator. Parking data and studies must include estimates of parking demand based on reliable data collected from comparable local uses or on external data from credible research organizations, such as the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). Comparability will be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity and location. Parking studies must document the source of all data used to develop recommended requirements.

Minimum parking requirements for the subject use are reduced by one motor vehicle parking space for every four parking spaces within the public parking lot or garage, not to exceed a total reduction of more than 25 spaces;

The nearest pedestrian entrance to the public parking lot or garage must be located within 1,500 feet of the lot on which the subject use is located; and

The parking facility must be open to the general public from at least 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.

General. Shared parking refers to the practice of two or more users who need motor vehicle parking at different times to agree to make use of the same motor vehicle parking spaces. Shared parking is encouraged as a means of conserving scarce land resources, reducing stormwater runoff, reducing the heat island effect caused by large paved areas and improving community appearance.

Eligibility. Only nonresidential uses with different periods of parking demand are eligible to use shared parking. Required residential parking spaces and accessible parking spaces (for people with disabilities) may not be shared.

Required approval. Shared parking arrangements require review and approval as part of the site plan review process. (See § 475-1106.)

Submittal requirements and methodology.

The applicant submits a parking study demonstrating that the motor vehicle parking ratios of § 475-802 do not accurately reflect the actual day-to-day parking demand that can reasonably be anticipated for the proposed use based on field surveys of observed parking demand for similar use within the Village or on external data from credible research organizations, such as the Urban Land Institute (ULI) or the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE);

The decisionmaking body determines that the other allowed parking reduction and credit provisions of this section are infeasible or do not apply; and

The decisionmaking body determines that the reduced parking ratios proposed are not likely to cause material adverse impacts on traffic circulation and safety or on the general welfare of property owners and residents in the surrounding area.

Short-term bicycle parking. Short-term bicycle parking is generally intended to serve the needs of cyclists who park their bicycles for short time periods, including customers, clients, students and other short-term visitors.

Long-term bicycle parking. Long-term bicycle parking is generally intended to serve the needs of cyclists who park their bicycles for long time periods, primarily employees and residents.

Short-term bicycle parking. Short-term bicycle parking spaces must be provided in accordance with the minimum ratios established in Table 8-1. Whenever a minimum requirement is established in that table, at least two short-term bicycle spaces must be provided for the subject use. Regardless of the minimum requirements stated in Table 8-1, no use is required to provide more than 30 short-term bicycle parking spaces.

Long-term bicycle parking. Long-term bicycle parking and storage is not required, but as a means of encouraging the provision of long-term bicycle parking spaces for employees and bicycle commuters, motor vehicle parking credit is offered in accordance with § 475-803A.

Short-term bicycle parking.

Long-term bicycle parking and storage.

Except as otherwise expressly stated in this article, required off-street parking areas must be located on the same lot as the building or use they are required to serve.

Parking between curb and sidewalk. Vehicles may not block the public sidewalk while parked or stored on a driveway. Vehicles may not be parked in the portion of a driveway that lies in the adjacent street right-of-way, between the front or street side lot line and the abutting street curb. The area between the front or street side property line and the curb must remain open and unobstructed at all times.

When allowed. All or a portion of required off-street parking for nonresidential uses may be provided off-site, in accordance with the regulations of this section. Required accessible parking spaces and required parking for residential uses may not be located off-site.

Location. Off-site parking areas must be located within 500 feet of the use served by such parking, measured between the nearest public entrance door of the use to be served and the outer perimeter of the furthest parking space within the off-site parking lot. Off-site parking lots are allowed only in zoning districts that permit nonaccessory parking or that allow the principal use to be served by the off-site parking spaces.

Design. Off-site parking areas must comply with all applicable parking area design regulations of § 475-807.

Control of off-site parking area. The property to be occupied by the off-site parking facilities must be under the same ownership as the lot containing the use to be served by the parking. The off-site parking area may be under separate ownership only if a legal instrument is provided, guaranteeing the long-term availability of the off-site parking. The agreement is subject to approval by the Village Attorney and must be recorded in the office of the Brown County Register of Deeds.

Standard spaces. Except as expressly allowed for compact spaces or universal spaces in the following Subsection C(2) and (3) or as expressly required for accessible parking spaces, parking spaces must be designed as standard size spaces, in accordance with Table 8-2. Up to two feet of the front of a standard parking space, as measured from a line parallel to the direction of the bumper of a vehicle using the space, may be landscaped area instead of paved; however, a curb or curb stop is required. Such area counts toward interior parking lot landscaping requirements.

Compact spaces. Up to 20% of the parking spaces in parking lots containing more than 10 parking spaces may be designated and designed as compact parking spaces. Compact parking spaces must be designed in accordance with Table 8-2. When compact parking spaces are used, at least 80% of the total number of parking spaces provided must be standard size parking spaces.

Universal spaces. Universal size parking spaces may be used only in parking lots containing more than 10 parking spaces. When universal size parking spaces are used, no compact spaces are allowed. All universal parking spaces must designed in accordance with Table 8-2.

All off-street parking areas must be surfaced and maintained with an asphaltic or portland cement binder pavement or such other hard, dust-free surfaces approved by the Village Engineer.

Pavement areas are limited to only drives leading to garages or parking areas, walkways and parking spaces; all other areas must be landscaped.

Tandem parking spaces may be used to satisfy off-street parking requirements for household living uses when the parking spaces are assigned to the same dwelling unit.

Tandem and stacked parking spaces may be used to satisfy off-street parking requirements for other use types when an attendant is on duty during all hours of operation of the subject use.

All open off-street parking areas must provide a six-inch curb or approved wheel barrier when abutting required setbacks, landscape areas and adjoining property lines.

Wheel barriers must be located at least two feet from the edge of pavement or the area to be protected from encroachment.

Permits. No driveway or curb cut may be installed or constructed before the issuance of a driveway permit.

Alley access. The Village is authorized to deny approval of a driveway permit for those lots that abut and have access to an improved alley.

R1 and R2 Districts. All driveways in R1 and R2 Districts must be paved with a hard, dust-free surface material, with the exception of existing unpaved driveways that were in existence on December 6, 2011, and have remained unpaved since that date.

All other zoning districts. All driveways and curb cuts in zoning districts other than R1 and R2 must comply with the following requirements:

Carports. Attached and detached carports are prohibited in all R Districts.

Garages. At least one garage parking space must be provided for each dwelling unit within a detached house, semidetached house and two-unit house located in an R Zoning District. Required garage parking spaces must have a minimum indoor floor area of 220 square feet and be in place before issuance of a certificate of occupancy for the principal building.