Baldwin Park City Zoning Code
153.135 OBJECTIVE
DESIGN STANDARDS FOR MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
§ 153.135.010 INTENT AND PURPOSE.
(A) This chapter establishes objective design standards for new multi-family residential developments and mixed-use developments with a residential component, with the intent of achieving and maintaining high-quality site planning and building design in a manner that conforms to community design priorities.
(B) The provisions of this chapter apply to residential projects containing two or more residential dwelling units, including duplexes, triplexes, flats, townhouses, and multi-story, mid-rise building types, and mixed-use projects with at least two-thirds of the square footage designated for residential use. Upon the request of an applicant and demonstrated ability to comply with the provisions of this chapter, such applications qualify for ministerial processing. This chapter does not apply to single-family residences, historic properties, commercial-only projects, or any other non-residential projects.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.020 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS.
These objective design standards supplement and are in addition to the development standards for the applicable zoning district in which a proposed project is located. Ch. 153 of this code establishes the city zoning regulations. Where conflict between these objective design standards and other provisions of this title exists, the provisions of this chapter shall govern.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.030 SITE DESIGN.
(A) Site planning and orientation.
(1) Vehicle entry to project. Vehicle entries to multi-family residential projects shall be clearly indicated by textured paving or stonework that contrasts to the driveway materials.
(2) Pedestrian entry. Primary pedestrian entries to multi-family residential projects shall contain a combination of monumental architectural features consisting of a combination of trellises, columns, archways, or arcades and textured paving, stonework, or tiles that clearly identifies and distinguishes the entrance.
Combined features for pedestrian entries
| |
Architectural feature(s) | Surface treatment(s) |
Trellises | Textured paving |
Columns | Stonework |
Archways | Tiles |
Arcades | Grasscrete |
(3) Street-facing building orientation. Buildings facing a public or private street shall have front entries oriented to such street.
(4) Non-street-facing orientation. Buildings that are not adjacent to a public or private street shall have front entries that are oriented to one of the following interior common areas.
(a) Paseos;
(b) Courtyards;
(c) Open space, on-site.
(5) Mixed-use building orientation. The non-residential components of a mixed-use development shall face primary street frontages and public sidewalks.
(6) Side setback buffer. Residential units in a solely residential project shall be buffered from adjacent non-residential and single-family residential uses by a landscaped buffer of a minimum four feet width consisting of live plant materials that grow to a height of at least six feet. Such landscaping is permitted within the side yard setback.
(7) Setback continuity. Notwithstanding the minimum front and side yard setback standards established by §§ 153.040 and 153.070, the front and side yard setbacks of a new building shall be allowed to match the same front and side yard setbacks as the existing adjacent structures.
(B) Circulation: vehicular and pedestrian.
(1) Principal vehicular access. Principal vehicular access into residential developments shall be through an entry driveway. Access via a parking aisle is not permitted.
(2) Landscaped island. For properties containing more than 150 feet of street frontage, a minimum eight foot wide landscaped island shall be incorporated into the driveway entry area for a minimum distance of at least 20 feet to separate driveway lanes for ingress and egress.
(3) Parking interconnectivity. Parking areas shall be internally connected and shall use shared driveways within the development.
(4) Pedestrian connectivity. All structures, facilities, parking areas, amenities, common areas, and open space areas within a development shall be internally connected by pedestrian pathways.
(5) Identification of pedestrian entrances and walkways. Pedestrian entrances and walkways shall be distinguished from vehicle access areas by the use of materials that contrast the vehicle access areas through use of contrasting paving materials or paving color, a landscaped barrier, and/or grade differences.
(6) Pedestrian walkway width. Pedestrian walkways shall be a minimum of four feet in width, with the exception of ground floor residential unit entry walks from the sidewalk to the front door, which shall be a minimum of four feet and maximum of five feet.
(7) Separation of pedestrian pathways. Pedestrian pathways shall be separated from interior roads by the following type of physical barrier:
(a) Grade separation of six inches or more;
(b) Planting strip of at least six inches high and four feet in width.
(8) Pedestrian pathways in parking lots. Pedestrian pathways shall be provided in parking lots between parking areas and building entrances and shall consist of special paving as identified in this section, or a landscaped or trellis-covered path.
(9) Pedestrian pathway connection to public sidewalks. Pedestrian pathways that are immediately accessible from a building when exiting or entering shall be provided between the public sidewalk and such primary building entry.
(1) Parking facilities. Parking shall be provided on site either in on-grade or underground structures, surface parking lots, carports, or attached garages.
(2) Multiple surface parking lots. Where surface parking lots are provided for developments with more than 40 residential units or 20,000 square feet or more of leasable commercial space, such surface lots shall consist of a series of connected smaller parking lots, each with no more than 75 spaces.
(3) Parking structure walls. All parking structure walls facing a public right-of-way, and any other parking structure walls greater than 25 feet in length shall include design features consisting of textured surfaces, articulation, murals, decorative grating, and/or landscaping covering a minimum of 50% of the wall surface area at full growth. The design of all parking structure walls shall include the same materials, colors, and surfaces as other buildings associated with the development. For the purposes of this division, articulation includes faux windows, arches, grillwork, building offsets, and stone/tile building materials.
(4) Parking between ROW and building. Parking between the public right-of-way (ROW) and a building shall not occupy more than 30% of any linear street frontage of the site.
(5) Carports. Carport structures shall match the color, materials, and roof slope of the main structures in the project, except that flat, aluminum carports are prohibited. Carports shall be painted the same colors as the primary building in the project.
(6) Tuck-under parking. Parking below grade or behind the living spaces is permissible. Tuck-under parking areas shall not be visible from the adjacent public street.
Figure 153.135.030-1: Tuck Under Parking
(D) Open space. The following open space standards shall apply in addition to the requirements of § 153.040.040.
(1) Location of open space. Required common residential open space areas shall be located internal to the project site and shall not directly abut any adjacent public roadway.
(2) Visibility. Common open space areas that include children’s play areas shall be sited so they can be seen from the interior of adjacent residential units and any abutting common areas. Common open space shall be located and arranged to allow a clear line of sight into the space from pedestrian walkways on the interior of the site. Continuous vegetative screens, solid fences, or solid walls that enclose common open space areas shall not exceed three feet in height.
(3) Private open space. Private open space, including but not limited to patios and balconies, shall be contiguous to the unit served. Any balcony facing a public street shall be at least 60% enclosed to screen any materials placed on the balcony.
(4) Landscaped open space. A minimum of 50% of the common open space shall be provided as a landscaped area or garden, with the remaining area in hardscape or including at least one of the following amenities:
(a) Sports courts;
(b) Swimming pools;
(c) Children’s play areas.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.040 BUILDING DESIGN.
(A) Architectural style.
(1) Building design reference guide. For the purpose of defining a known collection of architectural styles for the purposes of this section, the reference guide shall be the most currently published version of A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America’s Domestic Architecture by Virginia Savage McAlester or American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA. The city may identify an alternative source or sources, provided such source is made known publicly and readily.
(2) Identification of architectural style. Using the building design reference document identified in this section, projects shall identify an architectural design style to be used. The building design shall incorporate at least five of the following features characteristic of a single specific architectural design style, including building elements of that style, with roof type and characteristic pitch and exterior building wall symmetry or asymmetry required to be at least two of the features:
(a) Roof type and characteristic pitch;
(b) Roof rake, eave overhang, and cornice detail;
(c) Building wall symmetry or asymmetry, and detail;
(d) Window type, relative proportion, shape, and detail;
(e) Door type, relative proportion, shape, and detail;
(f) Porch type, relative proportion, shape, and detail;
(g) Characteristic building materials.
(3) Transitions from street.
(a) Street-fronting common building entrances and street-fronting individual unit entrances shall have transitions from the street consisting of a covered stoop or porch that provides weather protection and is elevated from the adjacent walkway by at least 18 inches. Such entrance shall incorporate any required Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodations.
Figure 153.135.040-1: Transitions from Street
(b) For projects that front an arterial street, the street floor entrance level shall be raised at least two feet to protect the privacy of ground floor units.
(B) Roof treatments.
(1) Roof variation.
(a) Flat and low slope roof. Roof height shall be varied with a minimum two foot to maximum four foot vertical difference between a minimum 30 feet and a maximum 50 feet horizontally.
(b) Pitched roof. For a roof structure that extends more than 50 feet along any building wall, the roof line shall vary by incorporating at least two of the following architectural elements:
1. Cornices a minimum of every 30 feet;
2. Variation in roof form (orientation, pitch, height) every 50 feet;
3. Dormers a minimum of every 30 feet.
Figure 153.135.040-2: Pitched Roof
(2) Prohibited roofs. Mansard roofs and segments of pitched roofs applied only at the building’s edge shall not be permitted.
(3) Eave projection. For buildings that provide eaves, each dwelling shall have and maintain an eave projection between 18 inches and 24 inches on at least two opposing sides, except as may otherwise be prescribed by the selected architectural style referenced above in division (A)(1).
(4) Exterior roof ladders. Exterior roof ladders shall be prohibited. Roof access shall only be provided from the building interior.
(5) Vents, gutters, and drain spouts. All vents, gutters and downspouts, louvers, and exposed flashing shall be concealed within the wall or roof construction or if exterior, shall consist of materials and a style characteristic of the selected architectural design style referenced above in division (A)(1). Plastic material shall be prohibited.
(C) Exterior building walls.
(1) Articulation. All building walls facing a public or private street shall be articulated for at least 80% of each wall length to break up building mass. All other building walls shall be articulated for at least 60% of each wall length. Buildings shall have a break in massing through articulation at least every 50 feet along the wall. Articulation shall be provided through changes in wall planes that protrude and/or recess with a minimum dimension of two feet, except for balconies which shall protrude a minimum of four feet. Articulation shall also consist of at least four of the following approaches and reflect the selected architectural style of the building referenced above in division (A)(1).
(a) Recessed and/or protruding window openings that are recessed or protrude at least six inches from the building façade;
(b) Recessed or protruding entrances, including porches and patios, that extend or protrude at least 36 inches from the building façade;
(c) Balconies;
(d) Bay windows;
(e) Moldings;
(f) Recessed glazing and storefronts by at least six inches;
(g) Vertical pilasters that reflect internal building structure and/or are integral to the selected architectural style;
(h) At least two changes in color and texture along wall surfaces;
(i) Indented portions of walls;
(j) Lower wall wainscots, built-up or recessed reveals, trims, and other projections along different levels of wall surface;
(k) Cantilevers;
(l) Varied front door entry footprint within the same structure of a minimum four feet.
Figure 153.135.040-3: Articulation
(2) Massing. For any lot adjacent to an R-1 zoning district, any building façade adjacent to that R-1 zoning district shall have any floor above the second floor stepped back from the second floor a minimum of four feet starting with the second-floor building plane. Intrusion into the step-back plane is allowed for up to 25% of the horizontal wall plane.
(3) Detail articulation. Exterior building wall and window details such as trim, shutters, and posts shall be characteristic of the selected architectural design style of the building referenced above in division (A)(1).
(4) Vertical elements. Where vertical architectural elements are used based on their characteristic tie to the architectural design style selected, their vertical emphasis shall be minimized by use of a minimum of three of the following approaches.
(a) Incorporating horizontal bands, reveals, trims, and overhangs along different levels of the wall surface;
(b) Limiting towers or pilasters to a maximum height of one story;
(c) Limiting tower elements to one per building;
(d) Varying the spacing and distribution of architectural elements and details along
building walls;
(e) Limiting entry treatments to the first story of the building.
Figure 153.135.040-4: Vertical Elements
(D) Windows, doors, and balconies.
(1) Horizontal window bands. Horizontal window bands over 40 feet in length shall be prohibited.
(2) Street-facing windows. Windows shall be provided facing the street for all units adjacent to the street.
(3) Bay windows. Bay windows shall project at least two feet but no more than three feet from the exterior building wall.
(4) Security bars. Security bars shall not be mounted on the outside of an exterior wall, window or door of any dwelling unit.
(5) Operable windows. Operable windows shall have screens for ventilation.
(6) Window frames. Raw or clear anodized aluminum window frames are prohibited.
(7) Balcony depth. Balconies shall have a minimum depth of four feet.
(8) Consistency with architectural style. Door, window and balcony design, materials, and placement shall be characteristic of the chosen architectural design style of the building pursuant to the reference guide identified in division (A)(1).
(9) Window and door trims. Windows and doors shall be either trimmed or recessed. When trimmed, the trim material shall not be less than three-and-one-half inches in width by nine inches in depth when protruding from the wall. Foam trim molding shall be prohibited on the ground floor. When recessed, the primary building siding material shall cover the recessed edge faces and wrap toward the interior face of the window glazing or door face by at least three inches in depth.
(E) Garage doors.
(1) Garage door placement. Garage doors shall not face a public street but shall be oriented toward an alley, private street, or driveway internal to the project.
(2) Garage door treatments. Garage doors shall include at least one of the following detail treatments:
(a) Windows;
(b) Paneled surface;
(c) Minimum of two colors.
(3) Garage doors visible from a street shall be recessed at least three feet from the garage wall.
Figure 153.135.040-5: Garage Doors
(F) Stair well. Exterior stairways shall be designed as an integral part of the project’s architecture and shall incorporate solid wall portions, columns, and/or a decorative balustrade. Stairwells shall not be oriented to the street, but shall face interior spaces (such as plazas, gathering areas, parking areas and pedestrian paths) and shall not be separated from these areas by landscaping, fences or walls taller than three feet. The design shall be of the same materials and color of the building. Open metal and pre-fabricated stairwells shall be prohibited.
(G) Corner lot treatments. Buildings on corner lots that have two stories shall include at least one of the following features. Buildings that are three stories or more at the corner shall include at least two of the following features at the corner.
(1) Change in primary wall material and color;
(2) Change in wall plane or a minimum depth of two feet;
(3) Entry to ground floor retail or primary building entrance;
(4) Different fenestration pattern from the primary exterior building wall.
Figure 153.135.040-6: Corner Lot Treatment
(H) End unit treatments. Units at the ends of buildings shall incorporate windows on each floor and shall include at least two of the following articulation methods for every 20 feet of the exterior building wall length.
(1) At least two changes in color and texture along wall surfaces;
(2) Indented portions of walls;
(3) Lower wall wainscots;
(4) Built-up or recessed reveals, trims, and other projections along different levels of wall surface;
(5) Vertical pilasters that are load bearing and/or are integral to the selected architectural style;
(6) Cantilevers.
Figure 153.135.040-7: End Unit Treatment
(I) Building materials.
(1) Exterior building wall materials. The following table identifies permitted and prohibited exterior building wall materials. Materials not listed are prohibited unless approved through a discretionary review process.
Exterior building wall materials
|
Exterior building wall materials
| |
Brick | P |
Stone (unpainted) | P |
Stucco and plaster | P |
Finished wood, wood veneer, engineered wood, wood siding | P |
Fiber-reinforced cement siding and panels | P |
Concrete (poured in place or precast) | S |
Ceramic tile | S |
Glass (transparent spandrel) | S |
Glass (block) | A |
Metal | N |
Corrugated metal | N |
Vinyl | N |
Plastic | N |
Glass (mirrored, tinted, reflective) | N |
Gloss tiles | N |
T-111 plywood | N |
Composite wood panel | N |
Rough stucco | N |
Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) | N |
P: primary or secondary material S: secondary or accent material A: accent material only N: not allowed/prohibited | |
(a) Primary material. A material of the highest use percentage on the building, at least 60%;
(b) Secondary material. A material used by a lesser percent than the primary material, a maximum of 40%;
(c) Accent material. A material used for wall, window, or roof trim, or on building elements, including doors and dormers.
(2) At least two materials shall be used on any exterior building wall, in addition to glazing, railings, and trim.
(3) Sustainable materials shall be used for a minimum of 25% of the building exterior, and shall consist of a minimum of one of the following properties:
(a) Certified as zero of low volatile organic compounds (VOS) pursuant to State Green Building Code.
(b) Qualified as rapidly renewable by being harvested within ten years.
(c) Salvaged from the existing site.
(d) Produced within southern California.
(e) Containing a recycled content of 80% or above.
(4) Buildings with false exterior building walls or false fronts, exclusive of parapets used to shield rooftop equipment, are prohibited.
(5) Materials shall be characteristic of the selected architectural design style pursuant to division (A)(1).
(J) Roofing materials.
(1) General. Each structure shall have and maintain roof materials consisting of wood shake, shingle, asphalt, composition, fiber cement, or tile (slate, concrete or clay). Metal roofing and roofing of a glossy or reflective surface are prohibited.
(2) Roofing material compatibility. Roofing materials shall be compatible with the selected architectural style and design of the structure pursuant to division (A)(1).
(3) Natural barrel clay tile roof replacement. Natural barrel clay tile roofs shall be replaced with the same material and color in repairs, remodels, and additions.
(4) Roof color treatment. The colors of natural roofing materials (such as barrel tiles and slate) shall be left natural and not be altered by staining or painting. Colors of synthetic roofing materials shall simulate natural materials by use of earth tones, as defined in § 153.220.060. The blending of more than two colors on a roof is prohibited.
(K) Colors.
(1) An earth-tone color palette shall be required for all structures. Additionally permitted colors are off-whites and light grays. Within the permitted color palette, the primary exterior color of the building shall be limited to an earthen hue background color, off-white, or light gray which is integral or uniformly applied to the exterior material, while special architectural features may use brighter colors as an accent.
(2) The number of colors appearing on the entire building exterior shall be a minimum of two and a maximum of four colors (or tones of the same color), including trim and accent colors. The selection of colors shall be the same among multiple buildings within a project. Changes in color due to a change in building material are not considered an additional color.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.050 SITE DETAILS.
(A) Landscaping. The following objective landscape design standards are in addition to the landscape standards in §§ 153.150.110, 153.160.030, 153.160.040, and 153.160.050.
(1) Front setback buffer. The front yard setbacks of street-facing residential ground-floor units shall include a minimum four foot deep landscaped area along the adjacent public sidewalk.
(2) Landscaping along driveways and buildings. A strip of landscaping at least two feet wide shall be installed and maintained adjacent between any driveway and abutting property line and adjacent to buildings, except where a paved surface is required to accommodate HVAC and similar equipment.
(3) Landscaping in yard setbacks. Front yard setbacks and side yard setbacks adjacent to a public right-of-way and/or private streets shall be landscaped in their entirety, except for driveways and pedestrian walkways.
(4) Native plants. Landscaped areas shall include at least 25% native plant species selected from those listed by the California Native Plant Society specific to the Eastern San Gabriel Valley on Calscape.
(5) Areas to be landscaped. Landscaping shall be provided in all outdoor areas that are not specifically used for parking, driveways, walkways, patios, or other required improvements and amenities. Landscaping materials shall not be located such that at maturity they obstruct pedestrian paths and vehicular access along the public right-of-way, private streets, and driveways. Landscaping adjacent to pedestrian and vehicular paths shall either be raised planting surfaces or separated by a minimum six inch-high concrete curb.
(6) Trees, shrubs, and groundcover. Trees shall consist of both evergreen and deciduous varieties, the distribution of which shall be the applicant’s choice, provided that no more than 50% of trees shall be deciduous. At least five different species of shrubs and groundcover shall be used in planter areas.
(7) Use of turf. Notwithstanding compliance with the state Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance, the maximum area permitted for turf shall be 30% of the total landscaped area on site. Turf shall not be used in planting strips narrower than five feet wide and slopes over 15% to ensure adequate irrigation and to prevent run-off.
(8) Decorative water features. When decorative water features (such as pools, ponds or waterfalls) are used in landscaped areas, such features shall incorporate water recycling, and, as available, use of reclaimed water.
(9) Water-efficient landscaping. Landscape and irrigation plans shall conform to the requirements of § 153.160.
(10) Non-plant landscaping materials. No more than 20% of any landscaped area shall consist of the following non-plant materials. Gravel shall be prohibited.
(a) Decomposed granite;
(b) Bark;
(c) Decorative pebbles;
(d) Rocks;
(e) Boulders.
(11) Prohibited artificial materials. Artificial turf and plants are prohibited.
(B) Pavement.
(1) Pedestrian paving. Pedestrian pathway paving materials shall consist of any of the following: stamped or scored concrete, interlocking unit pavers, tiles, bricks, or stone. Asphalt shall be prohibited. Decorative paving shall be used to delineate crossings at circulation drives and parking aisles and shall consist of any of the materials listed in § 153.135.030(B)(4).
(2) Driveway entry treatment. The first 20 feet of a vehicular driveway entry shall be composed of at least one of the following treatments and shall be provided for the full width of the driveway: pavers, stamped or scored concrete, stone, brick, or exposed aggregate.
(3) Driveway material prohibited. The use of asphalt for driveways is prohibited.
(C) Trash and recycling collection areas. In addition to the requirements set forth in § 153.130.070, the following shall apply.
(1) Design. Enclosures shall be designed to use the same materials and colors as the buildings they serve.
(2) Proximity to residences. Enclosures shall not be located within 20 feet of any adjacent property zoned for or occupied with residential use, and from any pedestrian path or vehicle driveway.
(3) Lighting. Lighting of enclosures shall be provided for nighttime security and use and shall conform to this chapter.
(4) Access. Access to the enclosure and enclosure dimensions shall conform to solid waste provider requirements.
(5) Separation. Enclosures shall be separated from adjacent parking stalls with a minimum three foot wide planter area.
(D) Utility and mechanical equipment.
(1) Roof-mounted. Roof-mounted mechanical units shall be fully screened from view from adjacent public rights-of-way and incorporated into the roof design through increased slope, screening, or enclosures. Screening and enclosures shall match the materials, colors, and style of the building architecture.
Figure 153.135.050-1: Roof-Mounted Mechanical Units
(2) Ground-mounted. Ground-mounted mechanical, electrical, and utility equipment shall be placed a minimum of ten feet away from any pedestrian pathway and/or vehicle driveway. Ground-mounted equipment shall be screened by a wall or fence that shall match the color of the primary buildings in the project, or landscaping. Screening height shall exceed the equipment height by a minimum of one foot, but in no case shall be taller than six feet.
(3) Utility and mechanical equipment shall not be located within any required open space area.
(4) Air conditioning units. Air conditioning and HVAC units shall be located along the side or rear of the building, or on the roof, consistent with division (D) of this section.
(5) Water heater units. Water heater units shall be located within the building envelope and not exterior of the building walls.
(E) Mailbox locations. Mailboxes shall be placed either at an on-site location adjacent to or incorporated into a common area for all residents, or at individual units.
(F) Exterior lighting. All pedestrian pathways, vehicle parking areas, bicycle parking areas, structure entries, trash enclosures, landscaped areas, and common open space areas shall be illuminated for safety and security consistent with the requirements of § 153.140.040. Light fixtures shall be decorative, and wall pack lights are prohibited. Lighting shall be recessed or hooded, downward directed, and located to illuminate only the intended area.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.060 ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENTS.
(A) Ground-floor non-residential exterior building wall transparency. Ground-floor building walls for spaces with non-residential uses that face public streets and sidewalks shall consist of a minimum of 60% windows that extend between three and eight feet in height above the finished floor. The purpose is to provide unobstructed views into the non-residential space. The windows shall have a visible light transmittance greater than 80%, and without tint or coloration in the glass substrate.
(B) Public area. Any building that extends more than 75 linear feet along a street-facing property line shall include an open space area directly accessible from the sidewalk. Such space shall have minimum dimensions of 16 feet and minimum area of 300 square feet to accommodate either a publicly accessible courtyard/plaza or outdoor seating for public dining.
(C) Loading areas. Loading areas for the commercial components of mixed-use developments shall be located out of view of any public right-of-way and shall be shielded or enclosed to ensure compliance with the noise standards set forth in § 153.140.070.
(D) Mailboxes. In mixed-use developments, separate mailbox and package delivery/pick-up areas shall be provided for the residential and commercial components of a project.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)
§ 153.135.070 DEVIATIONS FROM STANDARDS.
For proposed projects that deviate from one more design standards, such applications shall be subject to the provisions of Part 7 of § 153.210. Project applications where a deviation from a standard is requested shall not be considered a ministerial review.
(Ord. 1502, passed 7-5-23)