Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

OF TITLE 12 NORTH IDAHO NATIVE AND BENEFICIAL PLANT LIST

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

Plants that are native to North Idaho

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Red*	Alnus rubra	40-60 feet		M/W	S/PS		Fixes nitrogen in the soil; catkins
Alder, Sitka*	Alnus viridis	30 feet		M/W	S	Interior Rain Forest/ Riparian	Improves soil by adding organic matter and nitrogen; catkins
Aspen*, Quaking	Populus tremuloides	90 feet		M/D	S	Aspen Grove	Golden fall color; spreads by root runners; gray-white smooth bark
Birch, Paper*	Betula papyrifera	50-70 feet		M	S	Wetland	Yellow fall foliage; white peeling bark
Birch, Water*	Betula occidentalis	13-26 feet		W	S/PS	Wetland	Stream bank stabilization; pinkish, nonpeeling bark
Cottonwood*, Black	Populus trichocarpa	150-180 feet		M/W	S		Sticky, red seed cases; good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds
Fir, Douglas; Red	Pseudotsuga menziesii	150 feet		D/M	S/PS		Shade tolerant; well drained soil; pyramidal shape
Fir, Grand; White	Abies grandis	100 feet		M/D	S/PS		Fragile erect cones at top of tree; fragrant foliage
Fir, Subalpine	Abies lasiocarpa	60-105 feet		M	S/Sh	Subalpine	Dark green needles with whitish lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow, slow growing; red-purple cones at top
Hemlock, Western	Tsuga heterophylla	120-150 feet		M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Needs shade when young; thick, acidic, humus soil
Larch, Western; Tamarack	Larix occidentalis	100-200 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Golden fall color; deciduous, erect, slender
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Pine, Ponderosa; Yellow, Bull	Pinus ponderosa	140 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	3 needles per sheaf; dry open sites; fire resistant
Pine, Western White	Pinus monticola	230 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Idaho state tree; five needles per sheaf; good specimen tree
Redcedar, Western	Thuja plicata	100-120 feet		M	PS/Sh	Moist Forest	Evergreen scale-like leaves; aromatic; red- brown bark; rich, moist soil
Spruce, Engelmann	Picea engelmannii	75-120 feet		M	PS	Subalpine	Blue-green, stiff, evergreen needles; slow growing

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Wavy leaf*	Alnus viridis ssp. Sinuata	10 feet	May-July	M	S/PS		Forms thicket; fast growing; fixes nitrogen
Birch, Bog, Scrub*	Betula nana	3-10 feet	Feb-June	W	S/PS		Deep orange in the fall; acidic soil; spreading
Buffalo Berry	Shepherdia canadensis	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Small yellow flowers; orange to red berries; fixes nitrogen
Cascara, Buckthorn	Frangula purshiana	Up to 30 feet	Jun-July	M/W	Sh		Small, yellow flower clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduous
Ceanothus, Shiny Leafed	Ceanothus velutinus var.	2 feet		D/M	S		Small white flowers in pyramidal clusters; good browes
Chokecherry, Common	Prunus virginiana	3-12 feet	Apr-May	D	S	Meadow/ Medicinal	White flowers; grows in rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birds
Cranberry, Highbrush	Vibumum edule	1.5-10 feet		M/W	PS/Sh		Clusters of white flowers; red berries; likes rich organic soil
Devil's club	Oplopanax horridus	3-10 feet	May-June	M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Creamy white flowers; beautiful red berries in fall; very spiny
Dogwood, Red Osier	Comus sericea	3-6 feet	May-July	M/W	S/PS	Interior Rain Forest	Greenish-white flower clusters; white berries; red twigs
Elderberry, Blue	Sambucus nigra var. cerulea	6-12 feet		M	S	Riparian	Clusters of white flowers; grows along watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast growing
Hawthorn, Black	Crataegus douglasii var.	6-25 feet	May-June	D/W	S		White flower cluster; small black fruit; thorny; soil and stream stabilization
Hazelnut, Beaked	Corylus comuta	3-12 feet		M	S/Sh		Edible nuts; yellow, fall color; stream banks; well drained soil
Huckleberry, Fool's; False Azelea	Menziesia ferruginea	Up to 9 feet		M	S/Sh		Tiny, pinkish-yellow flowers, blue-green foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage; acidic, humus soil
Huckleberry, Oval-leaf	Vaccinium ovalifolium	To 6 feet		M/W	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; edible blue-black berries; red fall foliage
Huckleberry, Thinleaf	Vaccinium membranaceum	To 4.5 feet		M/D	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; purple to reddish- black berries; red fall foliage
Juniper, Rocky Mountain	Juniperus scopulorum	3-30 feet		D	S		Grayish-green, gray-blue berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sites
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped flowers, red berries; evergreen shiny leaves
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum var.	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Mountain Ash, Sitka	Sorbus sitchensis var.	3-15 feet	June-July	M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Ash, Western	Sorbus scopulina var. scopulina	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Lover, Myrtle Boxwood, False Boxwood	Pachistima myrsinites	1-2 feet	May-June	M	PS	Berm	Tiny maroon flowers; good deer browse; evergreen
Ninebark, Mallow	Physocarpus malvaceus	To 6 feet	May-June	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers; leaves hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil
Ocean Spray	Holodiscus discolor	3-10 feet	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Foamy, creamy white flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soil
Oregon Grape, Cascade	Mahonia nervosa	6-24 inches	Spring	D/M	PS/Sh	Path	Yellow flowers; shiny leaves; evergreen; dark berries
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-12 inches	Apr/June	D/M	S	Path	Bright yellow flower clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves
Oregon Grape, Tall	Mahonia aquifolium	8-48 inches	May/ June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant; rich soil
Penstemon, Shrubby	Penstemon fruticosus	To 15 inches	June-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock	Flowers blue-lavender to purple; rocky soil
Rose, Baldhip	Rosa gymnocarpa var.	1-4 feet	June-July	D/M	S		Small pink flowers; small scarlet hips
Rose, Nootka	Rosa nutkana var.	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S	Dry Rock	Large pastel pink flowers; large, red hips
Rose, Pearhip	Rosa woodsii var.	3-6 feet	May-July	D	S	Dry Rock/ Medicinals	Pink flowers; large, dark red hips, spreads well
Rose, Prickly	Rosa acicularis var.	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Pink flowers; very spiny
Service Berry; Saskatoon	Amelanchier alnifolia var.	6-30 feet	May-June	M/D	S	Young Forest	White flowers; dark blue berries; attracts birds
Snowberry	Symphoricarp os albus	4 feet	May-Aug	D	S	Path	Pink flowers; white berries (poisonous) persist through winter
Spiraea, Birch-Leaved	Spiraea betulifolia var.	10-24 inches	June-July	M/D	S	Meadow/ Moist Forest	White flowers in dense flat clusters; easy to grow
Spiraea, Douglas, Pink	Spiraea douglasii var.	4 feet	June-July	M/W	S	Riparian/ Rain Forest	Pink to deep rose, dense, elongate clusters; easy to grow
Sumac; Smooth	Rhus glabra	3-9 feet	June-July	D	S	Dry Rock	White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Syringa, Mockorange	Philadelphus lewisii	3-9 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Young Forest	White, fragrant flowers; Idaho state flower; grows in open forests
Thimbleberry	Rubus parviflorus	11/2-7 feet	May-July	D/M	PS/Sh	Dry Rock	White flowers; edible fruit; spreads by rhizomes
Twinberry, Black; Bearberry	Lonicera involucrata	3-9 feet	June-July	M/W	S/PS		Yellow flowers clusters; black berries in fall; boggy soil
Twinberry, Red; Utah Honeysuckle	Lonicera utahensis	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Twin, yellow flowers followed by twin red berries
Willow, Bebb's*	Salix bebbiana	1-15 feet		W	S/PS		White catkins; grows in seeps
Willow, Drummond*	Salix drummondiana	6-12 feet		M	S/PS		Long, oval shaped leaves; tolerates poor soil; moist, water's edge
Willow, Geyer's*	Salix geyeriana	4-15 feet		M	S		Catkins; holds shorelines
Willow, Pacific*	Slix lasiandra	3-27 feet		W	S		Pale yellow calkins; medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelines
Willow, Sandbar*	Salix exigua	To 12 feet	May-June	W	S		Grows on sandbars
Willow, Scouler*	Salix scouleriana	7-33 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Erect, clumped growth

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alumroot, Round-Leafed	Heuchera cylindrica var.	6-20 inches	May-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock/ Meadow	Cream flowers on spike-like clusters
Arnica, Broadleaf	Amica latifolia var.	3-20 inches	All Summer	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Bright yellow ray flowers
Arnica, Heart-Leaved	Amica cordifolia	3-20 inches	May-Aug	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Yellow, daisy-like flowers; leaves similar to trail plant
Aster, Showy	Eurybia conspicua	1-3 feet	July-Sept	D/M	PS/Sh	Young Forest	Blue to violet ray flowers with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pines
Aster, Smooth Blue	Aster laevis	4-10 inches	July-Sept	D/M	S		Rose-purple to blue or violet, yellow center
Balsamroot, Arrowleaf	Balsamorhiza sagittata	12-18 inches	May-June	D	S/PS	Dry Rock	Very showy, daisy type yellow flower; well drained soil
Beargrass	Xerophyllum tenax	Stems to 4.5 feet	May-Aug	M	S	Subalpine	Creamy flower cluster on tall stem; grass- like leaves in clumps; lily family
Bedstraw, Fragrant	Galium triflorum	8-39 inches	May-June	M/W	PS/Sh		Tiny white flowers; reseeds; peat soil
Bergamot, Wild Beebalm	Monarda fistulosa	8-28 inches	June-Aug	M/D	S/PS		Pink/purple flowers; large clumps, rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soil
Biscuitroot, Fern-leaved	Lomatium dissectum	To 5 feet	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Yellow or purple flowers; rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Nine-leaf	Lomatium tritematum	8-32 inches	Spring	D	S		Yellow flowers; likes rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Salt & Pepper; Gorman's Desert-Parsley	Lomatium gormanii	4-10 inches	Early Spring	D/M	PS		Small white flowers (salt) w/purple anthers (pepper); east exposure
Bitterroot	Lewisia rediviva	2-3 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Showy pink flower; well drained rocky soil
Blanketflower	Gaillardia aristata	8-27 inches	June-July	D	S	Young Forest	Flowers yellow to maroon; reseeds; well drained soil; tolerates heat
Bluebell, Long-flowered or Mountain	Mertensia longiflora	5-8 inches	Apr/June	M	S/PS		Pink, clustered, bell shaped flowers turn blue
Bluebells	Campanula rotundifolia	6-20 inches	All Summer	D	S	Dry Rock	Purplish-blue, bell shaped flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soil
Buckwheat, Cushion	Eriogonum ovalifolium	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buckwheat, Sulphur	Eriogonum umbellatum	2-12 inches	June-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buttercup, Little	Ranunculus uncinatus	6-24 inches	Early Summer	M/W	S/Sh		Small pale yellow flowers
Buttercup, Sagebrush	Ranunculus glaberrimus var.	2-8 inches	Early Spring	D/M	S/PS		Yellow flowers; coniferous forests; vanishes in midsummer
Camas, Common	Camassia quamash	12 inches	Apr/July	M	S/PS	Riparian	Several blue-purple flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring and dry summer soil
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet		W	S	Riparian	Dark brown blossoms become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes
Cinquefoil, Graceful	Potentilla gracilis var.	1-2 feet	Late Spring	D	S/PS		Yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves; looks like "marijuana leaf"
Cinquefoil, Sticky	Potentilla glandulosa var.	6-16 inches	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS		Pale yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves
Clarkia, Pink Fairies	Clarkia pulchella	2-8 inches	May-June	M/D	S		Pink flowers; well drained soil; annual; reseeds
Collomia, Narrow-leaved	Collomia linearis	4-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Small tubular pink flowers in dense cluster
Columbine, Red	Aquilegia formosa	8-28 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Drooping red sepals, yellow petals
Columbine, Yellow	Aquilegia flavescens	8-30 inches	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Yellow petals, yellow sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadows
Cow Parsnip	Heracleum maximum	3-7 feet	June	M/W	S/Sh	Wetland	White flower clusters 4-12 inches across; maplelike, showy leaves
Fireweed	Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium	1-7 feet	June-Aug	M	S	Dry Rock	Large rose to purple flowers. First to grow after a fire; spreads by rhizomes
Flax, Blue	Linum lewisii	2 feet	May-Sep	D/M	S/PS	Young Forest	Blue flowers replace daily; reseeds; very easy to grow
Fleabane, Daisy	Erigeron speciosus	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Subalpine	Blue ray flowers with yellow center. Blooms before the asters
Foamflower	Tiarella trifoliata var.	6-20 inches	June-July	W/M	Sh/PS		Tiny, delicate white flowers on wiry stalks
Geranium, Cranesbill	Geranium richardsonii	16-35 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		White to pinkish flowers
Geranium, Sticky	Geranium viscosissimum	16-35 inches	May-Sept	D	S/Sh		Pinkish-purple flowers; grassy meadows
Goldenrod	Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa	12-70 inches	July-Oct	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Dense clusters of showy yellow flowers
Grass Widow	Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum	6-10 inches	Early Spring	M	S/PS		Purple-blue flowers; iris-like leaves
Groundsel, Arrowleaf	Senecio triangularis	1-5 feet	June-Sept	W	S/PS		Yellow composite flowers in flat topped heads
Hollyhock, Mountain	lliamna rivularis	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Showy spikes of pink to white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well drained soil
Hooker's Fairybells	Disporum hookeri	1-3 feet	Late Spring	M/W	S/Sh	Moist Forest	2-3 creamy flowers hang from stem ends; red berries in fall
Hyancinth, Wild	Brodiaea douglasii	6-10 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Blue flowers clumped at the end of a long stem
Jacob's ladder	Polemonium pulcherrimum	2-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Blue flowers; in the Phlox family; reseeds readily
Larkspur, Montana	Delphinium bicolor	3-15 inches/ 6-24 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Stalk of blue/purple, showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forests
Larkspur, Nuttall's	Delphinium nuttallianum	6-16 inches		D	S/PS		Showy blue to violet flowers; open forest
Lily, Columbia; Tiger lily	Lilium columbianum	2 feet	Jul/Aug	3	3	Dry Rock	Orange flowers with red-purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms
Lily, Leopard; Chocolate Lily	Fritillaria lanceolata	21/2 feet	April-June	M	S/PS		Purple-brown flowers mottled with green. Purchase corms
Lupine, Silky	Lupinus sericeus	8-24 inches	Spring	D	S	Meadow	Deep blue/purple flowers on erect stems
Lupine, Silvery	Lupinus argenteus	4-16 inches	Spring	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Violet/blue flowers on erect stems; clumps
Meadowrue, Western	Thalictrum occidentale	1-3 feet		M	S		Small white flowers in loose clusters at top of stems
Miner's Lettuce	Claytonia perfoliata (Montia perfoliata)	2-12 inches	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White to pink nodding flowers in a cluster above leaf disk
Miner's lettuce, Heart- leaved	Claytonia cordifolia	4-12 inches	May-Sept	W	PS	Moist Forest	Small white flowers with pink veins; grows along streams
Monkey Flower, Yellow	Mimulus guttatus	3-36 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Yellow flowers; grows along streams
Nightshade, Dwarf Enchanter's	Circaea alpina	4-20 inches		M/W	Sh		Tiny flowers; showy leaves; cool, damp forest or wetland sites
Onion, Pink nodding	Allium cemuum	4-20 inches	June-July	D	S/PS	Medicinal	Pink to rose purple flowers; spreads by clumping
Pearly Everlasting	Anaphalis margaritacea	1-3 feet	July-Oct	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers in dense clustered heads; good dried flower
Phalicia, Threadleaf	Phacelia linearis	3-20 inches	May-July	D	S		Lavender-blue flowers; annual; reseeds
Prairie Smoke	Geum triflorum	4-12 inches	May-July	D/M	S/Sh	Dry Rock	Pink to red flowers, lacy leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soil
Prince's Pine	Chimaphila umbellata	1 foot	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pink flowers on top of long stem; evergreen, rosette leaves
Shooting start, Woodland	Dodecatheon pulchellum	6-16 inches	Apr-Aug	M	S/Sh		2-15 pink flowers per stem; likes moist humus rich soil
Skunk Cabbage	Lysichiton americanus	1-3 feet	Apr-July	W	PS/Sh	Wetland	Spike of tiny yellow flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogs
Solomon's-Seal, False	Maianthemum racemosum	1-3 feet	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White flowers; red berries; spreads by rhizomes
Solomon's-Seal, Star- flowered	Maianthemum stellatum	8-24 inches	May-June	M	S/PS		Small white flowers; rhizomes; moist, open forest
Stonecrop	Sedum stenopetalum	2-8 inches	May-Aug	D	S/PS		Star shaped, bright yellow flowers; grows on well drained rocky slopes
Sweet Cicely, Western	Osmorhiza berteroi, Osmorhiza purpurea	16-48 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh		Yellow or white flowers in groups; black, needle shaped seeds; licorice aroma; rich soil
Trailplant, Pathrinder	Adenocaulon bicolor	Up to 3 feet	June-Sept	M	Sh		Tiny white flowers on multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneath
Trillium	Trillium ovatum	1 foot	Mar-June	M/W	Sh/PS	Moist Forest	Three broad white petals on showy flower; three leaves
Twisted Stalk	Streptopus amplexifolius	1-3 feet	May-June	M	PS/Sh		Greenish-white, bell shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fall
Valerian, Sitka	Valeriana sitchensis	1-3 feet	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pale pink fading to white flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomes
Violet, Early Blue	Viola adunca var.	4 inches	Apr-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Blue or purple flower
Violet, Round-leaf	Viola orbiculata	To 2 inches	Apr-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower
Violet, Stream or Pioneer	Viola glabella	2-7.5 inches	Apr-July	M/W	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower; streams and seeps
Waterlily, Yellow	Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala	4-18 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Large, yellow flowers and large leaves float on the surface of ponds 2-10 feet deep or slow streams
Woodland Star; Prairie Star	Lithophragma parviflorum var.	8-20 inches	Apr-June	M	S/PS		Small, white flower
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	6-24 inches	Aug-Oct	D/M	S		White flowers; leaves fernlike; reseeds agressively; fragrant
Yellow Bell	Fritillaria pudica	3-12 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Nodding yellow flowers; purchase corms

FERNS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Brittle Bladder (Fragile) Fern	Crystopteris fragilis	4-12 inches		D	S		Rocky sites; foothills to alpine
Cliff Fern	Woodsia scopulina	To 10 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; talus slopes
Crested Shieldfern	Dryopteris cristata	12-25 inches		M/W	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Wet woods; evergreen
Lady Fern	Athyrium filixfemina	2-5 feet		M	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Leaves in vase-like clusters; spreads well by rhizomes
Oak Fern	Gymnocarpium dryopteris	3-14 inches		M	Sh		Spreads well by rhizomes; well drained, acidic soil
Oregon Woodsia; Western Cliff Fern	Woodsia oregana	To 7.5 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; rocky slopes; clusters of leaves
Parsley Fern, Rockbreak	Cryptogramma acrostichoides	4-12 inches		M	S		Open, well drained, rocky sites parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreen
Sword Fern, Common	Polystichum munitum	2-4 feet		D/M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Rich soil; large clumps of leathery, deep green fronds

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alkali bluegrass	Poa juncifolia; P. secunda ssp. Juncifolia						Common at low to mid elevations in alkaline meadows, grasslands and dry open forests
Alpine bluegrass	Poa alpine						High elevations in meadows, disturbed sites and rocky slopes
American sloughgrass	Beckmannia syzigachne						Cool season annual or short lived perennial grass commonly found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Frequently colonizes denuded wetland soils resulting from mud flat exposure. Seed units provide food for migratory waterfowl.
Blue-Bunch Wheatgrass	Pseudoregneria spicata	2-3 feet		D	S		Perennial bunch grass, leaves hairy above; dought tolerant
Blue Wildrye	Elymus glaucus	2-3 feet	June-Aug	M/D	S	Meadow	Blue-green blades in small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forage
Bulrush, Hardstem	Scirpus acutus	2-10 feet	June-Sept	W	S		Grayish-brown spiklets and stems; rhizomes; grows in water
Bulrush, Small-flowered	Scirpus microcarpus	To 4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Bulrush, Softstem	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	2-4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet	June-Aug	W	S	Riparian	Organic soil by lakes and streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature; invasive; water purifier
Columbia brome	Bromus vulgaris						Similar and common
Common sweetgrass	Hierochloe odorata						(Name varies in U.S.; grows in all Canadian provinces) low to high elevations in wetlands
Cusick's bluegrass	Poa cusickii						Widespead at low to high elevations in grasslands and alpine meadows
Fringed brome	Bromus ciliatus						Loosly tufted perennial common in mid to subalpine moist forests and wetlands
Hair bentgrass (Ticklegrass)	Agrostis scabra						Densley tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in meadows, forest openings and disturbed sites
Idaho Fescue	Festuca idahoensis	1-3 feet		D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Bluish-green, densely tufted bunchgrass; cool, well drained soil
Needle-and-thread grass	Stipa comata						Tufted perennial bunchgrass, common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and on south facing slopes in dry forest openings (good forage before sharp seeds form)
Nodding trisetum	Trisetum cemuum						Moist forests, clearings and stream banks from low to subalpine elevations
Nodding wood-reed	Cinna latifolia						Increases "tremendously" on moist disturbed sites. Moist forests, low to mid elevations
Nuttall's alkaligrass	Puccinellia nuttaliana						Wetlands, low to mid elevation, often where alkaline. Forage
Pinegrass	Calamagrostis rubescens	2-3 feet	June-Aug	D	S/PS		Yellow-green to purple seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes
Pumpelly brome	Bromus inermis ssp. Pumpellanus						Rhizomatous, sod forming perennial; scattered at low to subalpine elevations on grassy slopes and edge of dry forests (not Bonner County but in Shoshone County)
Rough fescue	Festuca campestris; Festruca scabrella						Var. major common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and grasslands (county level not avail on USDA)
Rough-leaved ricegrass	Oryzopsis asperifolia						Prostrate or spreading stems, low to mid elevations in dry to moist forest openings and clearings
Sandberg bluegrass	Poa secunda; P. sandbergii; Poa secunda						J. Presl widespread at low to mid elevations on well drained soils; common in low elevation grasslands
Sedge, Beaked	Carex rostrata	6-45 inches		W	S		Large clumps; rhizomes; wet feet
Sedge, Water	Carex aquatilis	3 feet		W	S/PS		Forms a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feet
Spike trisetum	Trisetum spicatum						Perennial bunchgrass, open dry sites at low to high elevations
Spikerush, Creeping	Eleocharis palustris	4-50 inches		M/W	S		Round stems; rhizomes; alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feet
Spreading needlegrass	Stipa richardsonii						Tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and forest openings often forming solid stands at forest edges
Squirreltail grass	Elymus elymoides; Sitanion hystrix						Scattered in dry to moist sites in open forests and grasslands, all elevations (Kootenai County and others south)
Stiff needlegrass	occidentalis; Achnatherum occidentale						Dry areas, low to mid elevations, open forests, ridges, grasslands (distribution on USDA in Idaho unconfirmed)
Timber oatgrass	Danthonia intermedia						Mid to high elevations, grasslands, meadows, wetlands and open forests
Tufted Hairgrass	Deschampsia cespitosa	11/2-2 feet	Spring- Summer	D/M	S/PS	Riparian	Showy plumes in late summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistant
Western fescue	Festuca occidentalis						Widespread and common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and clearings

GROUND COVER

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Blackberry, Dewberry	Rubus ursinus	2-3 inches	June	D/M	S		White flowers; ground hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles
Bunchberry	Comus canadensis	2-8 inches	Spring	M	PS	Moist Forest	White flowers; bright red berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by rhizomes
Ginger, Wild	Asarum caudatum	2-4 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Hidden maroon flowers; fragrant; moist, rich, organic soil
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped pink flowers, red berries; evergreen
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-2 inches	Apr-June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreen
Pussytoes, Rosy	Antennaria microphylla	2-18 inches	June-Aug	M	PS	Subalpine	Pink/white flowers in tight heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forest
Pussytoes, Woods	Antennaria racemosa	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	PS/Sh		White flowers; gray-green leaves form a mat; rhizomes
Self-Heal, Heal-All	Prunella vulgaris	4-20 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		Pink to purple flowers in a dense head on short stems; spreads
Strawberry, Wild	Fragaria virginiana and F. vesca	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D/M	Sh/PS		White flowers; tasty, edible fruit; spreads easily by runners
Sweet-scented bedstraw	Galium triflorum	1-4 inches			PS	Low subalpine	Vanilla fragrance; small flowers
Twinflower	Linnaea borealis	4 inches	June-Sept	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Trumpet-like nodding pink flowers; fragrant; organic soil

VINES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Clematis, Western Virgin's Bower	Clematis columbiana	2-15 feet long	May-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Blue to lavender flowers; feathery, plumed seed pods; plant seed in fall
Clematis, White Virgin's Bower	Clematis ligusticifolia	Up to 60 feet long	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Cream colored open flower clusters; silvery plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soil
Honeysuckle, Orange	Lonicera ciliosa	6-18 feet	May-July	D/M	PS	Arbor	Orange-yellow flowers; climbs; orange-red berries
Peavine, Creamy	Lathyrus ochroleucus	12-40 inches	May-July	M/D	S/PS		Cream colored flowers; rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Nonnative plants considered beneficial because they are:

noninvasive, low water users, locally available

and use no or low insecticides or pesticides

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Arborvitae
Austrian Pine	Pinus nigra
Bristlecone Pine	Pinus aristata
Burr oak	Quercus macrocarpa
Colorado blue spruce	Picea pungens
Common hackberry	Celtis occidentalis
Gingko tree	Gingko biloba
Goldenrain Tree	Koelreuteria paniculata
Green Ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Hawthorn	Crataegus douglasii
Limber Pine	Pinus flexilis
Narrowleaf Cottonwood	Populus angustifolia
Oak	Quercus sp.
Parrotia	Parrotia persica
Plains Cottonwood	P. deltoides
Red Maple	Acer rubrum
Scotch Pine	Pinus sylvestris

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American Cranberry Bush	Viburnum sp.
American Plum	Prunus americana
Blue Mist	Caryopteris sp.
Chokeberry	Aronia sp
Common juniper	Juniperus communis
Common lilac	Syringa vulgaris
Fothergilla	Fothergilla sp.
Juniper	Juniperus sp.
Oakleaf sumac	Rhus trilobata
Pine	Pine sp.
Redstem ceanothos	Ceanothus sanguinus
Shrubby cinquefoil	Dasiphora floribunda
Silver buffalo berry	Sheperdia argentea
Staghorn sumac	Rhus typhina
Virginia Sweetspire	Itea virginica
Western sandcherry	Prunus pumila

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American vetch	Vicia americana
Beardtongue	Penstemon sp.
Black-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia fulgida
Blanket Flower	Gaillardia grandiflora
Blazing Star	Liatrus sp.
Bluestar	Amsonia sp.
Butterfly Weed	Asclepias tuberose
Coastal strawberry	Fragaria chiloensis
Cone Flower	Echinacea
Hyssop	Agastache rupestris
Indian paintbrush	Castilleja angustifolia
Larkspur	Delphinium sp.
Lupine	Lupinus sp.
Maximilian's Sunflower	Helianthus maximiliana
Oregon Iris	Iris tenax
Prairie Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera
Yarrow	Achillea sp.
Yucca	Yucca glauca

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Baltic Rush	Juncus balticus
Beaked Sedge	Carex utriculata
Big-leaf Sedge	Carex amplifolia
Common or Soft Rush	Juncus effusus
Green needle grass	Nassella viridula
Hard Fescue	Festuca trachyphylla
Inflated Sedge	Carex vesicaria
Jointed Rush	Juncus articulatis
Nebraska Sedge	Carex nebraskensis
Prairie june grass	Koeleria macrantha
Sheep fescue	Festuca ovina
Small-winged Sedge	Carex microptera
Softstem Bulrush	Scirpus validus
Thickspike wheatgrass	Elmus lanceolatus
Three-square Bulrush	Scirpus pungens
Western wheatgrass	Pascopyrum smithii
Woolgrass	Scirpus cyperinus
Wooly sedge	Carex lanuginosa

(Ord. 501, 11-18-2008)

Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

OF TITLE 12 NORTH IDAHO NATIVE AND BENEFICIAL PLANT LIST

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

Plants that are native to North Idaho

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Red*	Alnus rubra	40-60 feet		M/W	S/PS		Fixes nitrogen in the soil; catkins
Alder, Sitka*	Alnus viridis	30 feet		M/W	S	Interior Rain Forest/ Riparian	Improves soil by adding organic matter and nitrogen; catkins
Aspen*, Quaking	Populus tremuloides	90 feet		M/D	S	Aspen Grove	Golden fall color; spreads by root runners; gray-white smooth bark
Birch, Paper*	Betula papyrifera	50-70 feet		M	S	Wetland	Yellow fall foliage; white peeling bark
Birch, Water*	Betula occidentalis	13-26 feet		W	S/PS	Wetland	Stream bank stabilization; pinkish, nonpeeling bark
Cottonwood*, Black	Populus trichocarpa	150-180 feet		M/W	S		Sticky, red seed cases; good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds
Fir, Douglas; Red	Pseudotsuga menziesii	150 feet		D/M	S/PS		Shade tolerant; well drained soil; pyramidal shape
Fir, Grand; White	Abies grandis	100 feet		M/D	S/PS		Fragile erect cones at top of tree; fragrant foliage
Fir, Subalpine	Abies lasiocarpa	60-105 feet		M	S/Sh	Subalpine	Dark green needles with whitish lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow, slow growing; red-purple cones at top
Hemlock, Western	Tsuga heterophylla	120-150 feet		M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Needs shade when young; thick, acidic, humus soil
Larch, Western; Tamarack	Larix occidentalis	100-200 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Golden fall color; deciduous, erect, slender
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Pine, Ponderosa; Yellow, Bull	Pinus ponderosa	140 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	3 needles per sheaf; dry open sites; fire resistant
Pine, Western White	Pinus monticola	230 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Idaho state tree; five needles per sheaf; good specimen tree
Redcedar, Western	Thuja plicata	100-120 feet		M	PS/Sh	Moist Forest	Evergreen scale-like leaves; aromatic; red- brown bark; rich, moist soil
Spruce, Engelmann	Picea engelmannii	75-120 feet		M	PS	Subalpine	Blue-green, stiff, evergreen needles; slow growing

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Wavy leaf*	Alnus viridis ssp. Sinuata	10 feet	May-July	M	S/PS		Forms thicket; fast growing; fixes nitrogen
Birch, Bog, Scrub*	Betula nana	3-10 feet	Feb-June	W	S/PS		Deep orange in the fall; acidic soil; spreading
Buffalo Berry	Shepherdia canadensis	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Small yellow flowers; orange to red berries; fixes nitrogen
Cascara, Buckthorn	Frangula purshiana	Up to 30 feet	Jun-July	M/W	Sh		Small, yellow flower clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduous
Ceanothus, Shiny Leafed	Ceanothus velutinus var.	2 feet		D/M	S		Small white flowers in pyramidal clusters; good browes
Chokecherry, Common	Prunus virginiana	3-12 feet	Apr-May	D	S	Meadow/ Medicinal	White flowers; grows in rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birds
Cranberry, Highbrush	Vibumum edule	1.5-10 feet		M/W	PS/Sh		Clusters of white flowers; red berries; likes rich organic soil
Devil's club	Oplopanax horridus	3-10 feet	May-June	M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Creamy white flowers; beautiful red berries in fall; very spiny
Dogwood, Red Osier	Comus sericea	3-6 feet	May-July	M/W	S/PS	Interior Rain Forest	Greenish-white flower clusters; white berries; red twigs
Elderberry, Blue	Sambucus nigra var. cerulea	6-12 feet		M	S	Riparian	Clusters of white flowers; grows along watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast growing
Hawthorn, Black	Crataegus douglasii var.	6-25 feet	May-June	D/W	S		White flower cluster; small black fruit; thorny; soil and stream stabilization
Hazelnut, Beaked	Corylus comuta	3-12 feet		M	S/Sh		Edible nuts; yellow, fall color; stream banks; well drained soil
Huckleberry, Fool's; False Azelea	Menziesia ferruginea	Up to 9 feet		M	S/Sh		Tiny, pinkish-yellow flowers, blue-green foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage; acidic, humus soil
Huckleberry, Oval-leaf	Vaccinium ovalifolium	To 6 feet		M/W	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; edible blue-black berries; red fall foliage
Huckleberry, Thinleaf	Vaccinium membranaceum	To 4.5 feet		M/D	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; purple to reddish- black berries; red fall foliage
Juniper, Rocky Mountain	Juniperus scopulorum	3-30 feet		D	S		Grayish-green, gray-blue berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sites
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped flowers, red berries; evergreen shiny leaves
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum var.	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Mountain Ash, Sitka	Sorbus sitchensis var.	3-15 feet	June-July	M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Ash, Western	Sorbus scopulina var. scopulina	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Lover, Myrtle Boxwood, False Boxwood	Pachistima myrsinites	1-2 feet	May-June	M	PS	Berm	Tiny maroon flowers; good deer browse; evergreen
Ninebark, Mallow	Physocarpus malvaceus	To 6 feet	May-June	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers; leaves hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil
Ocean Spray	Holodiscus discolor	3-10 feet	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Foamy, creamy white flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soil
Oregon Grape, Cascade	Mahonia nervosa	6-24 inches	Spring	D/M	PS/Sh	Path	Yellow flowers; shiny leaves; evergreen; dark berries
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-12 inches	Apr/June	D/M	S	Path	Bright yellow flower clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves
Oregon Grape, Tall	Mahonia aquifolium	8-48 inches	May/ June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant; rich soil
Penstemon, Shrubby	Penstemon fruticosus	To 15 inches	June-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock	Flowers blue-lavender to purple; rocky soil
Rose, Baldhip	Rosa gymnocarpa var.	1-4 feet	June-July	D/M	S		Small pink flowers; small scarlet hips
Rose, Nootka	Rosa nutkana var.	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S	Dry Rock	Large pastel pink flowers; large, red hips
Rose, Pearhip	Rosa woodsii var.	3-6 feet	May-July	D	S	Dry Rock/ Medicinals	Pink flowers; large, dark red hips, spreads well
Rose, Prickly	Rosa acicularis var.	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Pink flowers; very spiny
Service Berry; Saskatoon	Amelanchier alnifolia var.	6-30 feet	May-June	M/D	S	Young Forest	White flowers; dark blue berries; attracts birds
Snowberry	Symphoricarp os albus	4 feet	May-Aug	D	S	Path	Pink flowers; white berries (poisonous) persist through winter
Spiraea, Birch-Leaved	Spiraea betulifolia var.	10-24 inches	June-July	M/D	S	Meadow/ Moist Forest	White flowers in dense flat clusters; easy to grow
Spiraea, Douglas, Pink	Spiraea douglasii var.	4 feet	June-July	M/W	S	Riparian/ Rain Forest	Pink to deep rose, dense, elongate clusters; easy to grow
Sumac; Smooth	Rhus glabra	3-9 feet	June-July	D	S	Dry Rock	White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Syringa, Mockorange	Philadelphus lewisii	3-9 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Young Forest	White, fragrant flowers; Idaho state flower; grows in open forests
Thimbleberry	Rubus parviflorus	11/2-7 feet	May-July	D/M	PS/Sh	Dry Rock	White flowers; edible fruit; spreads by rhizomes
Twinberry, Black; Bearberry	Lonicera involucrata	3-9 feet	June-July	M/W	S/PS		Yellow flowers clusters; black berries in fall; boggy soil
Twinberry, Red; Utah Honeysuckle	Lonicera utahensis	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Twin, yellow flowers followed by twin red berries
Willow, Bebb's*	Salix bebbiana	1-15 feet		W	S/PS		White catkins; grows in seeps
Willow, Drummond*	Salix drummondiana	6-12 feet		M	S/PS		Long, oval shaped leaves; tolerates poor soil; moist, water's edge
Willow, Geyer's*	Salix geyeriana	4-15 feet		M	S		Catkins; holds shorelines
Willow, Pacific*	Slix lasiandra	3-27 feet		W	S		Pale yellow calkins; medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelines
Willow, Sandbar*	Salix exigua	To 12 feet	May-June	W	S		Grows on sandbars
Willow, Scouler*	Salix scouleriana	7-33 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Erect, clumped growth

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alumroot, Round-Leafed	Heuchera cylindrica var.	6-20 inches	May-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock/ Meadow	Cream flowers on spike-like clusters
Arnica, Broadleaf	Amica latifolia var.	3-20 inches	All Summer	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Bright yellow ray flowers
Arnica, Heart-Leaved	Amica cordifolia	3-20 inches	May-Aug	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Yellow, daisy-like flowers; leaves similar to trail plant
Aster, Showy	Eurybia conspicua	1-3 feet	July-Sept	D/M	PS/Sh	Young Forest	Blue to violet ray flowers with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pines
Aster, Smooth Blue	Aster laevis	4-10 inches	July-Sept	D/M	S		Rose-purple to blue or violet, yellow center
Balsamroot, Arrowleaf	Balsamorhiza sagittata	12-18 inches	May-June	D	S/PS	Dry Rock	Very showy, daisy type yellow flower; well drained soil
Beargrass	Xerophyllum tenax	Stems to 4.5 feet	May-Aug	M	S	Subalpine	Creamy flower cluster on tall stem; grass- like leaves in clumps; lily family
Bedstraw, Fragrant	Galium triflorum	8-39 inches	May-June	M/W	PS/Sh		Tiny white flowers; reseeds; peat soil
Bergamot, Wild Beebalm	Monarda fistulosa	8-28 inches	June-Aug	M/D	S/PS		Pink/purple flowers; large clumps, rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soil
Biscuitroot, Fern-leaved	Lomatium dissectum	To 5 feet	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Yellow or purple flowers; rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Nine-leaf	Lomatium tritematum	8-32 inches	Spring	D	S		Yellow flowers; likes rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Salt & Pepper; Gorman's Desert-Parsley	Lomatium gormanii	4-10 inches	Early Spring	D/M	PS		Small white flowers (salt) w/purple anthers (pepper); east exposure
Bitterroot	Lewisia rediviva	2-3 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Showy pink flower; well drained rocky soil
Blanketflower	Gaillardia aristata	8-27 inches	June-July	D	S	Young Forest	Flowers yellow to maroon; reseeds; well drained soil; tolerates heat
Bluebell, Long-flowered or Mountain	Mertensia longiflora	5-8 inches	Apr/June	M	S/PS		Pink, clustered, bell shaped flowers turn blue
Bluebells	Campanula rotundifolia	6-20 inches	All Summer	D	S	Dry Rock	Purplish-blue, bell shaped flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soil
Buckwheat, Cushion	Eriogonum ovalifolium	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buckwheat, Sulphur	Eriogonum umbellatum	2-12 inches	June-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buttercup, Little	Ranunculus uncinatus	6-24 inches	Early Summer	M/W	S/Sh		Small pale yellow flowers
Buttercup, Sagebrush	Ranunculus glaberrimus var.	2-8 inches	Early Spring	D/M	S/PS		Yellow flowers; coniferous forests; vanishes in midsummer
Camas, Common	Camassia quamash	12 inches	Apr/July	M	S/PS	Riparian	Several blue-purple flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring and dry summer soil
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet		W	S	Riparian	Dark brown blossoms become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes
Cinquefoil, Graceful	Potentilla gracilis var.	1-2 feet	Late Spring	D	S/PS		Yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves; looks like "marijuana leaf"
Cinquefoil, Sticky	Potentilla glandulosa var.	6-16 inches	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS		Pale yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves
Clarkia, Pink Fairies	Clarkia pulchella	2-8 inches	May-June	M/D	S		Pink flowers; well drained soil; annual; reseeds
Collomia, Narrow-leaved	Collomia linearis	4-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Small tubular pink flowers in dense cluster
Columbine, Red	Aquilegia formosa	8-28 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Drooping red sepals, yellow petals
Columbine, Yellow	Aquilegia flavescens	8-30 inches	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Yellow petals, yellow sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadows
Cow Parsnip	Heracleum maximum	3-7 feet	June	M/W	S/Sh	Wetland	White flower clusters 4-12 inches across; maplelike, showy leaves
Fireweed	Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium	1-7 feet	June-Aug	M	S	Dry Rock	Large rose to purple flowers. First to grow after a fire; spreads by rhizomes
Flax, Blue	Linum lewisii	2 feet	May-Sep	D/M	S/PS	Young Forest	Blue flowers replace daily; reseeds; very easy to grow
Fleabane, Daisy	Erigeron speciosus	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Subalpine	Blue ray flowers with yellow center. Blooms before the asters
Foamflower	Tiarella trifoliata var.	6-20 inches	June-July	W/M	Sh/PS		Tiny, delicate white flowers on wiry stalks
Geranium, Cranesbill	Geranium richardsonii	16-35 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		White to pinkish flowers
Geranium, Sticky	Geranium viscosissimum	16-35 inches	May-Sept	D	S/Sh		Pinkish-purple flowers; grassy meadows
Goldenrod	Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa	12-70 inches	July-Oct	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Dense clusters of showy yellow flowers
Grass Widow	Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum	6-10 inches	Early Spring	M	S/PS		Purple-blue flowers; iris-like leaves
Groundsel, Arrowleaf	Senecio triangularis	1-5 feet	June-Sept	W	S/PS		Yellow composite flowers in flat topped heads
Hollyhock, Mountain	lliamna rivularis	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Showy spikes of pink to white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well drained soil
Hooker's Fairybells	Disporum hookeri	1-3 feet	Late Spring	M/W	S/Sh	Moist Forest	2-3 creamy flowers hang from stem ends; red berries in fall
Hyancinth, Wild	Brodiaea douglasii	6-10 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Blue flowers clumped at the end of a long stem
Jacob's ladder	Polemonium pulcherrimum	2-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Blue flowers; in the Phlox family; reseeds readily
Larkspur, Montana	Delphinium bicolor	3-15 inches/ 6-24 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Stalk of blue/purple, showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forests
Larkspur, Nuttall's	Delphinium nuttallianum	6-16 inches		D	S/PS		Showy blue to violet flowers; open forest
Lily, Columbia; Tiger lily	Lilium columbianum	2 feet	Jul/Aug	3	3	Dry Rock	Orange flowers with red-purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms
Lily, Leopard; Chocolate Lily	Fritillaria lanceolata	21/2 feet	April-June	M	S/PS		Purple-brown flowers mottled with green. Purchase corms
Lupine, Silky	Lupinus sericeus	8-24 inches	Spring	D	S	Meadow	Deep blue/purple flowers on erect stems
Lupine, Silvery	Lupinus argenteus	4-16 inches	Spring	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Violet/blue flowers on erect stems; clumps
Meadowrue, Western	Thalictrum occidentale	1-3 feet		M	S		Small white flowers in loose clusters at top of stems
Miner's Lettuce	Claytonia perfoliata (Montia perfoliata)	2-12 inches	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White to pink nodding flowers in a cluster above leaf disk
Miner's lettuce, Heart- leaved	Claytonia cordifolia	4-12 inches	May-Sept	W	PS	Moist Forest	Small white flowers with pink veins; grows along streams
Monkey Flower, Yellow	Mimulus guttatus	3-36 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Yellow flowers; grows along streams
Nightshade, Dwarf Enchanter's	Circaea alpina	4-20 inches		M/W	Sh		Tiny flowers; showy leaves; cool, damp forest or wetland sites
Onion, Pink nodding	Allium cemuum	4-20 inches	June-July	D	S/PS	Medicinal	Pink to rose purple flowers; spreads by clumping
Pearly Everlasting	Anaphalis margaritacea	1-3 feet	July-Oct	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers in dense clustered heads; good dried flower
Phalicia, Threadleaf	Phacelia linearis	3-20 inches	May-July	D	S		Lavender-blue flowers; annual; reseeds
Prairie Smoke	Geum triflorum	4-12 inches	May-July	D/M	S/Sh	Dry Rock	Pink to red flowers, lacy leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soil
Prince's Pine	Chimaphila umbellata	1 foot	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pink flowers on top of long stem; evergreen, rosette leaves
Shooting start, Woodland	Dodecatheon pulchellum	6-16 inches	Apr-Aug	M	S/Sh		2-15 pink flowers per stem; likes moist humus rich soil
Skunk Cabbage	Lysichiton americanus	1-3 feet	Apr-July	W	PS/Sh	Wetland	Spike of tiny yellow flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogs
Solomon's-Seal, False	Maianthemum racemosum	1-3 feet	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White flowers; red berries; spreads by rhizomes
Solomon's-Seal, Star- flowered	Maianthemum stellatum	8-24 inches	May-June	M	S/PS		Small white flowers; rhizomes; moist, open forest
Stonecrop	Sedum stenopetalum	2-8 inches	May-Aug	D	S/PS		Star shaped, bright yellow flowers; grows on well drained rocky slopes
Sweet Cicely, Western	Osmorhiza berteroi, Osmorhiza purpurea	16-48 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh		Yellow or white flowers in groups; black, needle shaped seeds; licorice aroma; rich soil
Trailplant, Pathrinder	Adenocaulon bicolor	Up to 3 feet	June-Sept	M	Sh		Tiny white flowers on multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneath
Trillium	Trillium ovatum	1 foot	Mar-June	M/W	Sh/PS	Moist Forest	Three broad white petals on showy flower; three leaves
Twisted Stalk	Streptopus amplexifolius	1-3 feet	May-June	M	PS/Sh		Greenish-white, bell shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fall
Valerian, Sitka	Valeriana sitchensis	1-3 feet	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pale pink fading to white flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomes
Violet, Early Blue	Viola adunca var.	4 inches	Apr-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Blue or purple flower
Violet, Round-leaf	Viola orbiculata	To 2 inches	Apr-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower
Violet, Stream or Pioneer	Viola glabella	2-7.5 inches	Apr-July	M/W	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower; streams and seeps
Waterlily, Yellow	Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala	4-18 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Large, yellow flowers and large leaves float on the surface of ponds 2-10 feet deep or slow streams
Woodland Star; Prairie Star	Lithophragma parviflorum var.	8-20 inches	Apr-June	M	S/PS		Small, white flower
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	6-24 inches	Aug-Oct	D/M	S		White flowers; leaves fernlike; reseeds agressively; fragrant
Yellow Bell	Fritillaria pudica	3-12 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Nodding yellow flowers; purchase corms

FERNS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Brittle Bladder (Fragile) Fern	Crystopteris fragilis	4-12 inches		D	S		Rocky sites; foothills to alpine
Cliff Fern	Woodsia scopulina	To 10 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; talus slopes
Crested Shieldfern	Dryopteris cristata	12-25 inches		M/W	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Wet woods; evergreen
Lady Fern	Athyrium filixfemina	2-5 feet		M	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Leaves in vase-like clusters; spreads well by rhizomes
Oak Fern	Gymnocarpium dryopteris	3-14 inches		M	Sh		Spreads well by rhizomes; well drained, acidic soil
Oregon Woodsia; Western Cliff Fern	Woodsia oregana	To 7.5 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; rocky slopes; clusters of leaves
Parsley Fern, Rockbreak	Cryptogramma acrostichoides	4-12 inches		M	S		Open, well drained, rocky sites parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreen
Sword Fern, Common	Polystichum munitum	2-4 feet		D/M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Rich soil; large clumps of leathery, deep green fronds

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alkali bluegrass	Poa juncifolia; P. secunda ssp. Juncifolia						Common at low to mid elevations in alkaline meadows, grasslands and dry open forests
Alpine bluegrass	Poa alpine						High elevations in meadows, disturbed sites and rocky slopes
American sloughgrass	Beckmannia syzigachne						Cool season annual or short lived perennial grass commonly found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Frequently colonizes denuded wetland soils resulting from mud flat exposure. Seed units provide food for migratory waterfowl.
Blue-Bunch Wheatgrass	Pseudoregneria spicata	2-3 feet		D	S		Perennial bunch grass, leaves hairy above; dought tolerant
Blue Wildrye	Elymus glaucus	2-3 feet	June-Aug	M/D	S	Meadow	Blue-green blades in small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forage
Bulrush, Hardstem	Scirpus acutus	2-10 feet	June-Sept	W	S		Grayish-brown spiklets and stems; rhizomes; grows in water
Bulrush, Small-flowered	Scirpus microcarpus	To 4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Bulrush, Softstem	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	2-4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet	June-Aug	W	S	Riparian	Organic soil by lakes and streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature; invasive; water purifier
Columbia brome	Bromus vulgaris						Similar and common
Common sweetgrass	Hierochloe odorata						(Name varies in U.S.; grows in all Canadian provinces) low to high elevations in wetlands
Cusick's bluegrass	Poa cusickii						Widespead at low to high elevations in grasslands and alpine meadows
Fringed brome	Bromus ciliatus						Loosly tufted perennial common in mid to subalpine moist forests and wetlands
Hair bentgrass (Ticklegrass)	Agrostis scabra						Densley tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in meadows, forest openings and disturbed sites
Idaho Fescue	Festuca idahoensis	1-3 feet		D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Bluish-green, densely tufted bunchgrass; cool, well drained soil
Needle-and-thread grass	Stipa comata						Tufted perennial bunchgrass, common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and on south facing slopes in dry forest openings (good forage before sharp seeds form)
Nodding trisetum	Trisetum cemuum						Moist forests, clearings and stream banks from low to subalpine elevations
Nodding wood-reed	Cinna latifolia						Increases "tremendously" on moist disturbed sites. Moist forests, low to mid elevations
Nuttall's alkaligrass	Puccinellia nuttaliana						Wetlands, low to mid elevation, often where alkaline. Forage
Pinegrass	Calamagrostis rubescens	2-3 feet	June-Aug	D	S/PS		Yellow-green to purple seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes
Pumpelly brome	Bromus inermis ssp. Pumpellanus						Rhizomatous, sod forming perennial; scattered at low to subalpine elevations on grassy slopes and edge of dry forests (not Bonner County but in Shoshone County)
Rough fescue	Festuca campestris; Festruca scabrella						Var. major common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and grasslands (county level not avail on USDA)
Rough-leaved ricegrass	Oryzopsis asperifolia						Prostrate or spreading stems, low to mid elevations in dry to moist forest openings and clearings
Sandberg bluegrass	Poa secunda; P. sandbergii; Poa secunda						J. Presl widespread at low to mid elevations on well drained soils; common in low elevation grasslands
Sedge, Beaked	Carex rostrata	6-45 inches		W	S		Large clumps; rhizomes; wet feet
Sedge, Water	Carex aquatilis	3 feet		W	S/PS		Forms a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feet
Spike trisetum	Trisetum spicatum						Perennial bunchgrass, open dry sites at low to high elevations
Spikerush, Creeping	Eleocharis palustris	4-50 inches		M/W	S		Round stems; rhizomes; alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feet
Spreading needlegrass	Stipa richardsonii						Tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and forest openings often forming solid stands at forest edges
Squirreltail grass	Elymus elymoides; Sitanion hystrix						Scattered in dry to moist sites in open forests and grasslands, all elevations (Kootenai County and others south)
Stiff needlegrass	occidentalis; Achnatherum occidentale						Dry areas, low to mid elevations, open forests, ridges, grasslands (distribution on USDA in Idaho unconfirmed)
Timber oatgrass	Danthonia intermedia						Mid to high elevations, grasslands, meadows, wetlands and open forests
Tufted Hairgrass	Deschampsia cespitosa	11/2-2 feet	Spring- Summer	D/M	S/PS	Riparian	Showy plumes in late summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistant
Western fescue	Festuca occidentalis						Widespread and common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and clearings

GROUND COVER

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Blackberry, Dewberry	Rubus ursinus	2-3 inches	June	D/M	S		White flowers; ground hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles
Bunchberry	Comus canadensis	2-8 inches	Spring	M	PS	Moist Forest	White flowers; bright red berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by rhizomes
Ginger, Wild	Asarum caudatum	2-4 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Hidden maroon flowers; fragrant; moist, rich, organic soil
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped pink flowers, red berries; evergreen
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-2 inches	Apr-June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreen
Pussytoes, Rosy	Antennaria microphylla	2-18 inches	June-Aug	M	PS	Subalpine	Pink/white flowers in tight heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forest
Pussytoes, Woods	Antennaria racemosa	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	PS/Sh		White flowers; gray-green leaves form a mat; rhizomes
Self-Heal, Heal-All	Prunella vulgaris	4-20 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		Pink to purple flowers in a dense head on short stems; spreads
Strawberry, Wild	Fragaria virginiana and F. vesca	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D/M	Sh/PS		White flowers; tasty, edible fruit; spreads easily by runners
Sweet-scented bedstraw	Galium triflorum	1-4 inches			PS	Low subalpine	Vanilla fragrance; small flowers
Twinflower	Linnaea borealis	4 inches	June-Sept	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Trumpet-like nodding pink flowers; fragrant; organic soil

VINES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Clematis, Western Virgin's Bower	Clematis columbiana	2-15 feet long	May-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Blue to lavender flowers; feathery, plumed seed pods; plant seed in fall
Clematis, White Virgin's Bower	Clematis ligusticifolia	Up to 60 feet long	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Cream colored open flower clusters; silvery plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soil
Honeysuckle, Orange	Lonicera ciliosa	6-18 feet	May-July	D/M	PS	Arbor	Orange-yellow flowers; climbs; orange-red berries
Peavine, Creamy	Lathyrus ochroleucus	12-40 inches	May-July	M/D	S/PS		Cream colored flowers; rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Nonnative plants considered beneficial because they are:

noninvasive, low water users, locally available

and use no or low insecticides or pesticides

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Arborvitae
Austrian Pine	Pinus nigra
Bristlecone Pine	Pinus aristata
Burr oak	Quercus macrocarpa
Colorado blue spruce	Picea pungens
Common hackberry	Celtis occidentalis
Gingko tree	Gingko biloba
Goldenrain Tree	Koelreuteria paniculata
Green Ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Hawthorn	Crataegus douglasii
Limber Pine	Pinus flexilis
Narrowleaf Cottonwood	Populus angustifolia
Oak	Quercus sp.
Parrotia	Parrotia persica
Plains Cottonwood	P. deltoides
Red Maple	Acer rubrum
Scotch Pine	Pinus sylvestris

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American Cranberry Bush	Viburnum sp.
American Plum	Prunus americana
Blue Mist	Caryopteris sp.
Chokeberry	Aronia sp
Common juniper	Juniperus communis
Common lilac	Syringa vulgaris
Fothergilla	Fothergilla sp.
Juniper	Juniperus sp.
Oakleaf sumac	Rhus trilobata
Pine	Pine sp.
Redstem ceanothos	Ceanothus sanguinus
Shrubby cinquefoil	Dasiphora floribunda
Silver buffalo berry	Sheperdia argentea
Staghorn sumac	Rhus typhina
Virginia Sweetspire	Itea virginica
Western sandcherry	Prunus pumila

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American vetch	Vicia americana
Beardtongue	Penstemon sp.
Black-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia fulgida
Blanket Flower	Gaillardia grandiflora
Blazing Star	Liatrus sp.
Bluestar	Amsonia sp.
Butterfly Weed	Asclepias tuberose
Coastal strawberry	Fragaria chiloensis
Cone Flower	Echinacea
Hyssop	Agastache rupestris
Indian paintbrush	Castilleja angustifolia
Larkspur	Delphinium sp.
Lupine	Lupinus sp.
Maximilian's Sunflower	Helianthus maximiliana
Oregon Iris	Iris tenax
Prairie Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera
Yarrow	Achillea sp.
Yucca	Yucca glauca

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Baltic Rush	Juncus balticus
Beaked Sedge	Carex utriculata
Big-leaf Sedge	Carex amplifolia
Common or Soft Rush	Juncus effusus
Green needle grass	Nassella viridula
Hard Fescue	Festuca trachyphylla
Inflated Sedge	Carex vesicaria
Jointed Rush	Juncus articulatis
Nebraska Sedge	Carex nebraskensis
Prairie june grass	Koeleria macrantha
Sheep fescue	Festuca ovina
Small-winged Sedge	Carex microptera
Softstem Bulrush	Scirpus validus
Thickspike wheatgrass	Elmus lanceolatus
Three-square Bulrush	Scirpus pungens
Western wheatgrass	Pascopyrum smithii
Woolgrass	Scirpus cyperinus
Wooly sedge	Carex lanuginosa

(Ord. 501, 11-18-2008)

Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

OF TITLE 12 NORTH IDAHO NATIVE AND BENEFICIAL PLANT LIST

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

Plants that are native to North Idaho

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Red*	Alnus rubra	40-60 feet		M/W	S/PS		Fixes nitrogen in the soil; catkins
Alder, Sitka*	Alnus viridis	30 feet		M/W	S	Interior Rain Forest/ Riparian	Improves soil by adding organic matter and nitrogen; catkins
Aspen*, Quaking	Populus tremuloides	90 feet		M/D	S	Aspen Grove	Golden fall color; spreads by root runners; gray-white smooth bark
Birch, Paper*	Betula papyrifera	50-70 feet		M	S	Wetland	Yellow fall foliage; white peeling bark
Birch, Water*	Betula occidentalis	13-26 feet		W	S/PS	Wetland	Stream bank stabilization; pinkish, nonpeeling bark
Cottonwood*, Black	Populus trichocarpa	150-180 feet		M/W	S		Sticky, red seed cases; good for erosion control on banks; attracts birds
Fir, Douglas; Red	Pseudotsuga menziesii	150 feet		D/M	S/PS		Shade tolerant; well drained soil; pyramidal shape
Fir, Grand; White	Abies grandis	100 feet		M/D	S/PS		Fragile erect cones at top of tree; fragrant foliage
Fir, Subalpine	Abies lasiocarpa	60-105 feet		M	S/Sh	Subalpine	Dark green needles with whitish lines; drought and heat intolerant; narrow, slow growing; red-purple cones at top
Hemlock, Western	Tsuga heterophylla	120-150 feet		M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Needs shade when young; thick, acidic, humus soil
Larch, Western; Tamarack	Larix occidentalis	100-200 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Golden fall color; deciduous, erect, slender
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Pine, Ponderosa; Yellow, Bull	Pinus ponderosa	140 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	3 needles per sheaf; dry open sites; fire resistant
Pine, Western White	Pinus monticola	230 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Idaho state tree; five needles per sheaf; good specimen tree
Redcedar, Western	Thuja plicata	100-120 feet		M	PS/Sh	Moist Forest	Evergreen scale-like leaves; aromatic; red- brown bark; rich, moist soil
Spruce, Engelmann	Picea engelmannii	75-120 feet		M	PS	Subalpine	Blue-green, stiff, evergreen needles; slow growing

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alder, Wavy leaf*	Alnus viridis ssp. Sinuata	10 feet	May-July	M	S/PS		Forms thicket; fast growing; fixes nitrogen
Birch, Bog, Scrub*	Betula nana	3-10 feet	Feb-June	W	S/PS		Deep orange in the fall; acidic soil; spreading
Buffalo Berry	Shepherdia canadensis	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Small yellow flowers; orange to red berries; fixes nitrogen
Cascara, Buckthorn	Frangula purshiana	Up to 30 feet	Jun-July	M/W	Sh		Small, yellow flower clusters; black fruit; silvery gray bark; deciduous
Ceanothus, Shiny Leafed	Ceanothus velutinus var.	2 feet		D/M	S		Small white flowers in pyramidal clusters; good browes
Chokecherry, Common	Prunus virginiana	3-12 feet	Apr-May	D	S	Meadow/ Medicinal	White flowers; grows in rocky soil; fast growing; showy fruit; attracts birds
Cranberry, Highbrush	Vibumum edule	1.5-10 feet		M/W	PS/Sh		Clusters of white flowers; red berries; likes rich organic soil
Devil's club	Oplopanax horridus	3-10 feet	May-June	M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Creamy white flowers; beautiful red berries in fall; very spiny
Dogwood, Red Osier	Comus sericea	3-6 feet	May-July	M/W	S/PS	Interior Rain Forest	Greenish-white flower clusters; white berries; red twigs
Elderberry, Blue	Sambucus nigra var. cerulea	6-12 feet		M	S	Riparian	Clusters of white flowers; grows along watercourses; powdery blue edible fruit; fast growing
Hawthorn, Black	Crataegus douglasii var.	6-25 feet	May-June	D/W	S		White flower cluster; small black fruit; thorny; soil and stream stabilization
Hazelnut, Beaked	Corylus comuta	3-12 feet		M	S/Sh		Edible nuts; yellow, fall color; stream banks; well drained soil
Huckleberry, Fool's; False Azelea	Menziesia ferruginea	Up to 9 feet		M	S/Sh		Tiny, pinkish-yellow flowers, blue-green foliage; crimson-orange fall foliage; acidic, humus soil
Huckleberry, Oval-leaf	Vaccinium ovalifolium	To 6 feet		M/W	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; edible blue-black berries; red fall foliage
Huckleberry, Thinleaf	Vaccinium membranaceum	To 4.5 feet		M/D	S	Subalpine	White to pink flowers; purple to reddish- black berries; red fall foliage
Juniper, Rocky Mountain	Juniperus scopulorum	3-30 feet		D	S		Grayish-green, gray-blue berries; knotty, twisted trunk; rocky sites
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped flowers, red berries; evergreen shiny leaves
Maple, Rocky Mountain	Acer glabrum var.	20-30 feet		M/D	S/PS	Young Forest	Shrubby multi-trunk tree; fall and winter color; attractive all year
Mountain Ash, Sitka	Sorbus sitchensis var.	3-15 feet	June-July	M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Ash, Western	Sorbus scopulina var. scopulina	3-13 feet	May-July	D/M	S/PS		White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Mountain Lover, Myrtle Boxwood, False Boxwood	Pachistima myrsinites	1-2 feet	May-June	M	PS	Berm	Tiny maroon flowers; good deer browse; evergreen
Ninebark, Mallow	Physocarpus malvaceus	To 6 feet	May-June	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers; leaves hairy on both sides; peeling bark; rocky soil
Ocean Spray	Holodiscus discolor	3-10 feet	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Forest	Foamy, creamy white flower clusters; arching stems; sandy to gravelly soil
Oregon Grape, Cascade	Mahonia nervosa	6-24 inches	Spring	D/M	PS/Sh	Path	Yellow flowers; shiny leaves; evergreen; dark berries
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-12 inches	Apr/June	D/M	S	Path	Bright yellow flower clusters; blue berries; holly-like, evergreen leaves
Oregon Grape, Tall	Mahonia aquifolium	8-48 inches	May/ June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; prickly, evergreen leaves; blue berries; drought resistant; rich soil
Penstemon, Shrubby	Penstemon fruticosus	To 15 inches	June-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock	Flowers blue-lavender to purple; rocky soil
Rose, Baldhip	Rosa gymnocarpa var.	1-4 feet	June-July	D/M	S		Small pink flowers; small scarlet hips
Rose, Nootka	Rosa nutkana var.	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S	Dry Rock	Large pastel pink flowers; large, red hips
Rose, Pearhip	Rosa woodsii var.	3-6 feet	May-July	D	S	Dry Rock/ Medicinals	Pink flowers; large, dark red hips, spreads well
Rose, Prickly	Rosa acicularis var.	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Pink flowers; very spiny
Service Berry; Saskatoon	Amelanchier alnifolia var.	6-30 feet	May-June	M/D	S	Young Forest	White flowers; dark blue berries; attracts birds
Snowberry	Symphoricarp os albus	4 feet	May-Aug	D	S	Path	Pink flowers; white berries (poisonous) persist through winter
Spiraea, Birch-Leaved	Spiraea betulifolia var.	10-24 inches	June-July	M/D	S	Meadow/ Moist Forest	White flowers in dense flat clusters; easy to grow
Spiraea, Douglas, Pink	Spiraea douglasii var.	4 feet	June-July	M/W	S	Riparian/ Rain Forest	Pink to deep rose, dense, elongate clusters; easy to grow
Sumac; Smooth	Rhus glabra	3-9 feet	June-July	D	S	Dry Rock	White flower clusters; grows on slopes; excellent fall color leaves and berries
Syringa, Mockorange	Philadelphus lewisii	3-9 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Young Forest	White, fragrant flowers; Idaho state flower; grows in open forests
Thimbleberry	Rubus parviflorus	11/2-7 feet	May-July	D/M	PS/Sh	Dry Rock	White flowers; edible fruit; spreads by rhizomes
Twinberry, Black; Bearberry	Lonicera involucrata	3-9 feet	June-July	M/W	S/PS		Yellow flowers clusters; black berries in fall; boggy soil
Twinberry, Red; Utah Honeysuckle	Lonicera utahensis	3-6 feet	May-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Twin, yellow flowers followed by twin red berries
Willow, Bebb's*	Salix bebbiana	1-15 feet		W	S/PS		White catkins; grows in seeps
Willow, Drummond*	Salix drummondiana	6-12 feet		M	S/PS		Long, oval shaped leaves; tolerates poor soil; moist, water's edge
Willow, Geyer's*	Salix geyeriana	4-15 feet		M	S		Catkins; holds shorelines
Willow, Pacific*	Slix lasiandra	3-27 feet		W	S		Pale yellow calkins; medium shrub or small tree; holds shorelines
Willow, Sandbar*	Salix exigua	To 12 feet	May-June	W	S		Grows on sandbars
Willow, Scouler*	Salix scouleriana	7-33 feet		D/M	S	Young Forest	Erect, clumped growth

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alumroot, Round-Leafed	Heuchera cylindrica var.	6-20 inches	May-Aug	D	S	Dry Rock/ Meadow	Cream flowers on spike-like clusters
Arnica, Broadleaf	Amica latifolia var.	3-20 inches	All Summer	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Bright yellow ray flowers
Arnica, Heart-Leaved	Amica cordifolia	3-20 inches	May-Aug	M	S/PS	Medicinal Garden	Yellow, daisy-like flowers; leaves similar to trail plant
Aster, Showy	Eurybia conspicua	1-3 feet	July-Sept	D/M	PS/Sh	Young Forest	Blue to violet ray flowers with yellow centers; loamy soil; grows under pines
Aster, Smooth Blue	Aster laevis	4-10 inches	July-Sept	D/M	S		Rose-purple to blue or violet, yellow center
Balsamroot, Arrowleaf	Balsamorhiza sagittata	12-18 inches	May-June	D	S/PS	Dry Rock	Very showy, daisy type yellow flower; well drained soil
Beargrass	Xerophyllum tenax	Stems to 4.5 feet	May-Aug	M	S	Subalpine	Creamy flower cluster on tall stem; grass- like leaves in clumps; lily family
Bedstraw, Fragrant	Galium triflorum	8-39 inches	May-June	M/W	PS/Sh		Tiny white flowers; reseeds; peat soil
Bergamot, Wild Beebalm	Monarda fistulosa	8-28 inches	June-Aug	M/D	S/PS		Pink/purple flowers; large clumps, rhizomes; a mint; sand to loam soil
Biscuitroot, Fern-leaved	Lomatium dissectum	To 5 feet	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Yellow or purple flowers; rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Nine-leaf	Lomatium tritematum	8-32 inches	Spring	D	S		Yellow flowers; likes rocky soil
Biscuitroot, Salt & Pepper; Gorman's Desert-Parsley	Lomatium gormanii	4-10 inches	Early Spring	D/M	PS		Small white flowers (salt) w/purple anthers (pepper); east exposure
Bitterroot	Lewisia rediviva	2-3 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Showy pink flower; well drained rocky soil
Blanketflower	Gaillardia aristata	8-27 inches	June-July	D	S	Young Forest	Flowers yellow to maroon; reseeds; well drained soil; tolerates heat
Bluebell, Long-flowered or Mountain	Mertensia longiflora	5-8 inches	Apr/June	M	S/PS		Pink, clustered, bell shaped flowers turn blue
Bluebells	Campanula rotundifolia	6-20 inches	All Summer	D	S	Dry Rock	Purplish-blue, bell shaped flowers on thin, wiry stems; well drained soil
Buckwheat, Cushion	Eriogonum ovalifolium	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buckwheat, Sulphur	Eriogonum umbellatum	2-12 inches	June-Aug	D	S		Creamy white flower cluster often tinged with red or purple; mat forming, gray-green leaves
Buttercup, Little	Ranunculus uncinatus	6-24 inches	Early Summer	M/W	S/Sh		Small pale yellow flowers
Buttercup, Sagebrush	Ranunculus glaberrimus var.	2-8 inches	Early Spring	D/M	S/PS		Yellow flowers; coniferous forests; vanishes in midsummer
Camas, Common	Camassia quamash	12 inches	Apr/July	M	S/PS	Riparian	Several blue-purple flowers per stem; like coarse grass; wet spring and dry summer soil
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet		W	S	Riparian	Dark brown blossoms become cottony when mature; organic soil; wet feet; rhizomes
Cinquefoil, Graceful	Potentilla gracilis var.	1-2 feet	Late Spring	D	S/PS		Yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves; looks like "marijuana leaf"
Cinquefoil, Sticky	Potentilla glandulosa var.	6-16 inches	June-Aug	D/M	S/PS		Pale yellow flowers; 5-fingered leaves
Clarkia, Pink Fairies	Clarkia pulchella	2-8 inches	May-June	M/D	S		Pink flowers; well drained soil; annual; reseeds
Collomia, Narrow-leaved	Collomia linearis	4-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Small tubular pink flowers in dense cluster
Columbine, Red	Aquilegia formosa	8-28 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Drooping red sepals, yellow petals
Columbine, Yellow	Aquilegia flavescens	8-30 inches	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Yellow petals, yellow sepals may be tinged with pink; mountain meadows
Cow Parsnip	Heracleum maximum	3-7 feet	June	M/W	S/Sh	Wetland	White flower clusters 4-12 inches across; maplelike, showy leaves
Fireweed	Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium	1-7 feet	June-Aug	M	S	Dry Rock	Large rose to purple flowers. First to grow after a fire; spreads by rhizomes
Flax, Blue	Linum lewisii	2 feet	May-Sep	D/M	S/PS	Young Forest	Blue flowers replace daily; reseeds; very easy to grow
Fleabane, Daisy	Erigeron speciosus	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Subalpine	Blue ray flowers with yellow center. Blooms before the asters
Foamflower	Tiarella trifoliata var.	6-20 inches	June-July	W/M	Sh/PS		Tiny, delicate white flowers on wiry stalks
Geranium, Cranesbill	Geranium richardsonii	16-35 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		White to pinkish flowers
Geranium, Sticky	Geranium viscosissimum	16-35 inches	May-Sept	D	S/Sh		Pinkish-purple flowers; grassy meadows
Goldenrod	Solidago canadensis var. salebrosa	12-70 inches	July-Oct	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Dense clusters of showy yellow flowers
Grass Widow	Olsynium douglasii var. inflatum	6-10 inches	Early Spring	M	S/PS		Purple-blue flowers; iris-like leaves
Groundsel, Arrowleaf	Senecio triangularis	1-5 feet	June-Sept	W	S/PS		Yellow composite flowers in flat topped heads
Hollyhock, Mountain	lliamna rivularis	3-6 feet	June-Aug	M	S		Showy spikes of pink to white flowers; large, maple-like leaves; well drained soil
Hooker's Fairybells	Disporum hookeri	1-3 feet	Late Spring	M/W	S/Sh	Moist Forest	2-3 creamy flowers hang from stem ends; red berries in fall
Hyancinth, Wild	Brodiaea douglasii	6-10 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Blue flowers clumped at the end of a long stem
Jacob's ladder	Polemonium pulcherrimum	2-15 inches	May-Aug	D/M	S		Blue flowers; in the Phlox family; reseeds readily
Larkspur, Montana	Delphinium bicolor	3-15 inches/ 6-24 inches	Apr-July	D/M	S		Stalk of blue/purple, showy flowers; grassy prairies, coniferous forests
Larkspur, Nuttall's	Delphinium nuttallianum	6-16 inches		D	S/PS		Showy blue to violet flowers; open forest
Lily, Columbia; Tiger lily	Lilium columbianum	2 feet	Jul/Aug	3	3	Dry Rock	Orange flowers with red-purple dots; loose fertile soil; purchase as seed or corms
Lily, Leopard; Chocolate Lily	Fritillaria lanceolata	21/2 feet	April-June	M	S/PS		Purple-brown flowers mottled with green. Purchase corms
Lupine, Silky	Lupinus sericeus	8-24 inches	Spring	D	S	Meadow	Deep blue/purple flowers on erect stems
Lupine, Silvery	Lupinus argenteus	4-16 inches	Spring	D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Violet/blue flowers on erect stems; clumps
Meadowrue, Western	Thalictrum occidentale	1-3 feet		M	S		Small white flowers in loose clusters at top of stems
Miner's Lettuce	Claytonia perfoliata (Montia perfoliata)	2-12 inches	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White to pink nodding flowers in a cluster above leaf disk
Miner's lettuce, Heart- leaved	Claytonia cordifolia	4-12 inches	May-Sept	W	PS	Moist Forest	Small white flowers with pink veins; grows along streams
Monkey Flower, Yellow	Mimulus guttatus	3-36 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Yellow flowers; grows along streams
Nightshade, Dwarf Enchanter's	Circaea alpina	4-20 inches		M/W	Sh		Tiny flowers; showy leaves; cool, damp forest or wetland sites
Onion, Pink nodding	Allium cemuum	4-20 inches	June-July	D	S/PS	Medicinal	Pink to rose purple flowers; spreads by clumping
Pearly Everlasting	Anaphalis margaritacea	1-3 feet	July-Oct	D/M	S	Dry Rock	White flowers in dense clustered heads; good dried flower
Phalicia, Threadleaf	Phacelia linearis	3-20 inches	May-July	D	S		Lavender-blue flowers; annual; reseeds
Prairie Smoke	Geum triflorum	4-12 inches	May-July	D/M	S/Sh	Dry Rock	Pink to red flowers, lacy leaves; plumed seed pods; gravelly soil
Prince's Pine	Chimaphila umbellata	1 foot	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pink flowers on top of long stem; evergreen, rosette leaves
Shooting start, Woodland	Dodecatheon pulchellum	6-16 inches	Apr-Aug	M	S/Sh		2-15 pink flowers per stem; likes moist humus rich soil
Skunk Cabbage	Lysichiton americanus	1-3 feet	Apr-July	W	PS/Sh	Wetland	Spike of tiny yellow flowers surrounded by a yellow hood; bogs
Solomon's-Seal, False	Maianthemum racemosum	1-3 feet	Apr-July	M	PS/Sh		White flowers; red berries; spreads by rhizomes
Solomon's-Seal, Star- flowered	Maianthemum stellatum	8-24 inches	May-June	M	S/PS		Small white flowers; rhizomes; moist, open forest
Stonecrop	Sedum stenopetalum	2-8 inches	May-Aug	D	S/PS		Star shaped, bright yellow flowers; grows on well drained rocky slopes
Sweet Cicely, Western	Osmorhiza berteroi, Osmorhiza purpurea	16-48 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh		Yellow or white flowers in groups; black, needle shaped seeds; licorice aroma; rich soil
Trailplant, Pathrinder	Adenocaulon bicolor	Up to 3 feet	June-Sept	M	Sh		Tiny white flowers on multiple wispy stems; leaves light color underneath
Trillium	Trillium ovatum	1 foot	Mar-June	M/W	Sh/PS	Moist Forest	Three broad white petals on showy flower; three leaves
Twisted Stalk	Streptopus amplexifolius	1-3 feet	May-June	M	PS/Sh		Greenish-white, bell shaped flowers hang down from underside of leaves; red berries in fall
Valerian, Sitka	Valeriana sitchensis	1-3 feet	June-Aug	M	S/PS		Pale pink fading to white flowers; feathery seed plumes; rhizomes
Violet, Early Blue	Viola adunca var.	4 inches	Apr-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Blue or purple flower
Violet, Round-leaf	Viola orbiculata	To 2 inches	Apr-July	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower
Violet, Stream or Pioneer	Viola glabella	2-7.5 inches	Apr-July	M/W	S/PS	Moist Forest	Yellow flower; streams and seeps
Waterlily, Yellow	Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala	4-18 inches	Summer	W	S/Sh		Large, yellow flowers and large leaves float on the surface of ponds 2-10 feet deep or slow streams
Woodland Star; Prairie Star	Lithophragma parviflorum var.	8-20 inches	Apr-June	M	S/PS		Small, white flower
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	6-24 inches	Aug-Oct	D/M	S		White flowers; leaves fernlike; reseeds agressively; fragrant
Yellow Bell	Fritillaria pudica	3-12 inches	Apr-June	D	S/PS		Nodding yellow flowers; purchase corms

FERNS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Brittle Bladder (Fragile) Fern	Crystopteris fragilis	4-12 inches		D	S		Rocky sites; foothills to alpine
Cliff Fern	Woodsia scopulina	To 10 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; talus slopes
Crested Shieldfern	Dryopteris cristata	12-25 inches		M/W	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Wet woods; evergreen
Lady Fern	Athyrium filixfemina	2-5 feet		M	PS/Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Leaves in vase-like clusters; spreads well by rhizomes
Oak Fern	Gymnocarpium dryopteris	3-14 inches		M	Sh		Spreads well by rhizomes; well drained, acidic soil
Oregon Woodsia; Western Cliff Fern	Woodsia oregana	To 7.5 inches		D	PS		Rocky soil; dry cliffs; rocky slopes; clusters of leaves
Parsley Fern, Rockbreak	Cryptogramma acrostichoides	4-12 inches		M	S		Open, well drained, rocky sites parsley-like leaf clusters; evergreen
Sword Fern, Common	Polystichum munitum	2-4 feet		D/M	Sh	Interior Rain Forest	Rich soil; large clumps of leathery, deep green fronds

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Alkali bluegrass	Poa juncifolia; P. secunda ssp. Juncifolia						Common at low to mid elevations in alkaline meadows, grasslands and dry open forests
Alpine bluegrass	Poa alpine						High elevations in meadows, disturbed sites and rocky slopes
American sloughgrass	Beckmannia syzigachne						Cool season annual or short lived perennial grass commonly found in shallow marshes or sloughs. Frequently colonizes denuded wetland soils resulting from mud flat exposure. Seed units provide food for migratory waterfowl.
Blue-Bunch Wheatgrass	Pseudoregneria spicata	2-3 feet		D	S		Perennial bunch grass, leaves hairy above; dought tolerant
Blue Wildrye	Elymus glaucus	2-3 feet	June-Aug	M/D	S	Meadow	Blue-green blades in small clumps; deciduous forest; wildlife forage
Bulrush, Hardstem	Scirpus acutus	2-10 feet	June-Sept	W	S		Grayish-brown spiklets and stems; rhizomes; grows in water
Bulrush, Small-flowered	Scirpus microcarpus	To 4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Bulrush, Softstem	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	2-4 feet	Late Summer	W	S		Wetland - roots need to be in water; triangular stems; forage for waterfowl
Cattail, Common	Typha latifolia	Stems to 6 feet	June-Aug	W	S	Riparian	Organic soil by lakes and streams; rhizomes; blossoms become cottony when mature; invasive; water purifier
Columbia brome	Bromus vulgaris						Similar and common
Common sweetgrass	Hierochloe odorata						(Name varies in U.S.; grows in all Canadian provinces) low to high elevations in wetlands
Cusick's bluegrass	Poa cusickii						Widespead at low to high elevations in grasslands and alpine meadows
Fringed brome	Bromus ciliatus						Loosly tufted perennial common in mid to subalpine moist forests and wetlands
Hair bentgrass (Ticklegrass)	Agrostis scabra						Densley tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in meadows, forest openings and disturbed sites
Idaho Fescue	Festuca idahoensis	1-3 feet		D/M	S/PS	Meadow	Bluish-green, densely tufted bunchgrass; cool, well drained soil
Needle-and-thread grass	Stipa comata						Tufted perennial bunchgrass, common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and on south facing slopes in dry forest openings (good forage before sharp seeds form)
Nodding trisetum	Trisetum cemuum						Moist forests, clearings and stream banks from low to subalpine elevations
Nodding wood-reed	Cinna latifolia						Increases "tremendously" on moist disturbed sites. Moist forests, low to mid elevations
Nuttall's alkaligrass	Puccinellia nuttaliana						Wetlands, low to mid elevation, often where alkaline. Forage
Pinegrass	Calamagrostis rubescens	2-3 feet	June-Aug	D	S/PS		Yellow-green to purple seed heads; dry coniferous forests; rhizomes
Pumpelly brome	Bromus inermis ssp. Pumpellanus						Rhizomatous, sod forming perennial; scattered at low to subalpine elevations on grassy slopes and edge of dry forests (not Bonner County but in Shoshone County)
Rough fescue	Festuca campestris; Festruca scabrella						Var. major common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and grasslands (county level not avail on USDA)
Rough-leaved ricegrass	Oryzopsis asperifolia						Prostrate or spreading stems, low to mid elevations in dry to moist forest openings and clearings
Sandberg bluegrass	Poa secunda; P. sandbergii; Poa secunda						J. Presl widespread at low to mid elevations on well drained soils; common in low elevation grasslands
Sedge, Beaked	Carex rostrata	6-45 inches		W	S		Large clumps; rhizomes; wet feet
Sedge, Water	Carex aquatilis	3 feet		W	S/PS		Forms a dense sod; rhizomes; wet feet
Spike trisetum	Trisetum spicatum						Perennial bunchgrass, open dry sites at low to high elevations
Spikerush, Creeping	Eleocharis palustris	4-50 inches		M/W	S		Round stems; rhizomes; alkaline soil; forms dense stands; tufted; wet feet
Spreading needlegrass	Stipa richardsonii						Tufted perennial common at low to mid elevations in grasslands and forest openings often forming solid stands at forest edges
Squirreltail grass	Elymus elymoides; Sitanion hystrix						Scattered in dry to moist sites in open forests and grasslands, all elevations (Kootenai County and others south)
Stiff needlegrass	occidentalis; Achnatherum occidentale						Dry areas, low to mid elevations, open forests, ridges, grasslands (distribution on USDA in Idaho unconfirmed)
Timber oatgrass	Danthonia intermedia						Mid to high elevations, grasslands, meadows, wetlands and open forests
Tufted Hairgrass	Deschampsia cespitosa	11/2-2 feet	Spring- Summer	D/M	S/PS	Riparian	Showy plumes in late summer and fall; dense clumps; reseeds; deer resistant
Western fescue	Festuca occidentalis						Widespread and common at low to mid elevations in dry to moist forests and clearings

GROUND COVER

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Blackberry, Dewberry	Rubus ursinus	2-3 inches	June	D/M	S		White flowers; ground hugging trailing shrub; edible berries; prickles
Bunchberry	Comus canadensis	2-8 inches	Spring	M	PS	Moist Forest	White flowers; bright red berries; evergreen; cool acidic soils; spreads by rhizomes
Ginger, Wild	Asarum caudatum	2-4 inches	Apr-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Hidden maroon flowers; fragrant; moist, rich, organic soil
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva- ursi	6-10 inches		D	S/PS	Paths	Urn-shaped pink flowers, red berries; evergreen
Oregon Grape, Creeping	Mahonia repens	6-2 inches	Apr-June	D/M	S	Path	Yellow flower clusters; blue berries; red leaves in fall; evergreen
Pussytoes, Rosy	Antennaria microphylla	2-18 inches	June-Aug	M	PS	Subalpine	Pink/white flowers in tight heads; gray-green leaves form mats; moist forest
Pussytoes, Woods	Antennaria racemosa	4-24 inches	May-Aug	D/M	PS/Sh		White flowers; gray-green leaves form a mat; rhizomes
Self-Heal, Heal-All	Prunella vulgaris	4-20 inches	May-Sept	M	PS/Sh		Pink to purple flowers in a dense head on short stems; spreads
Strawberry, Wild	Fragaria virginiana and F. vesca	2-6 inches	May-Aug	D/M	Sh/PS		White flowers; tasty, edible fruit; spreads easily by runners
Sweet-scented bedstraw	Galium triflorum	1-4 inches			PS	Low subalpine	Vanilla fragrance; small flowers
Twinflower	Linnaea borealis	4 inches	June-Sept	M	S/PS	Moist Forest	Trumpet-like nodding pink flowers; fragrant; organic soil

VINES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Clematis, Western Virgin's Bower	Clematis columbiana	2-15 feet long	May-July	M	Sh	Moist Forest	Blue to lavender flowers; feathery, plumed seed pods; plant seed in fall
Clematis, White Virgin's Bower	Clematis ligusticifolia	Up to 60 feet long	May-Aug	D/M	S/PS	Dry Rock	Cream colored open flower clusters; silvery plumed seed pods; woody vine; well drained soil
Honeysuckle, Orange	Lonicera ciliosa	6-18 feet	May-July	D/M	PS	Arbor	Orange-yellow flowers; climbs; orange-red berries
Peavine, Creamy	Lathyrus ochroleucus	12-40 inches	May-July	M/D	S/PS		Cream colored flowers; rhizomes; rocky, open forests; fixes nitrogen; deciduous

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Nonnative plants considered beneficial because they are:

noninvasive, low water users, locally available

and use no or low insecticides or pesticides

Codes:

Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wet

Light - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade

*Keep away from sewer and septic lines

TREES

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Arborvitae
Austrian Pine	Pinus nigra
Bristlecone Pine	Pinus aristata
Burr oak	Quercus macrocarpa
Colorado blue spruce	Picea pungens
Common hackberry	Celtis occidentalis
Gingko tree	Gingko biloba
Goldenrain Tree	Koelreuteria paniculata
Green Ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Hawthorn	Crataegus douglasii
Limber Pine	Pinus flexilis
Narrowleaf Cottonwood	Populus angustifolia
Oak	Quercus sp.
Parrotia	Parrotia persica
Plains Cottonwood	P. deltoides
Red Maple	Acer rubrum
Scotch Pine	Pinus sylvestris

SHRUBS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American Cranberry Bush	Viburnum sp.
American Plum	Prunus americana
Blue Mist	Caryopteris sp.
Chokeberry	Aronia sp
Common juniper	Juniperus communis
Common lilac	Syringa vulgaris
Fothergilla	Fothergilla sp.
Juniper	Juniperus sp.
Oakleaf sumac	Rhus trilobata
Pine	Pine sp.
Redstem ceanothos	Ceanothus sanguinus
Shrubby cinquefoil	Dasiphora floribunda
Silver buffalo berry	Sheperdia argentea
Staghorn sumac	Rhus typhina
Virginia Sweetspire	Itea virginica
Western sandcherry	Prunus pumila

PERENNIALS

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Aboretum	Notes
American vetch	Vicia americana
Beardtongue	Penstemon sp.
Black-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia fulgida
Blanket Flower	Gaillardia grandiflora
Blazing Star	Liatrus sp.
Bluestar	Amsonia sp.
Butterfly Weed	Asclepias tuberose
Coastal strawberry	Fragaria chiloensis
Cone Flower	Echinacea
Hyssop	Agastache rupestris
Indian paintbrush	Castilleja angustifolia
Larkspur	Delphinium sp.
Lupine	Lupinus sp.
Maximilian's Sunflower	Helianthus maximiliana
Oregon Iris	Iris tenax
Prairie Coneflower	Ratibida columnifera
Yarrow	Achillea sp.
Yucca	Yucca glauca

GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDS

Check with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Height	Bloom	Moisture	Light	Arboretum	Notes
Baltic Rush	Juncus balticus
Beaked Sedge	Carex utriculata
Big-leaf Sedge	Carex amplifolia
Common or Soft Rush	Juncus effusus
Green needle grass	Nassella viridula
Hard Fescue	Festuca trachyphylla
Inflated Sedge	Carex vesicaria
Jointed Rush	Juncus articulatis
Nebraska Sedge	Carex nebraskensis
Prairie june grass	Koeleria macrantha
Sheep fescue	Festuca ovina
Small-winged Sedge	Carex microptera
Softstem Bulrush	Scirpus validus
Thickspike wheatgrass	Elmus lanceolatus
Three-square Bulrush	Scirpus pungens
Western wheatgrass	Pascopyrum smithii
Woolgrass	Scirpus cyperinus
Wooly sedge	Carex lanuginosa

(Ord. 501, 11-18-2008)

Bonner County UnincorporatedCity Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Bonner County UnincorporatedCity Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Bonner County UnincorporatedCity Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST

PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST

Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code

Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code

Bonner County Unincorporated
City Zoning Code