A. Scope: The purpose of this section is to provide standards for commercial solar energy systems that capture energy from the sun and convert it to electricity. The provisions of this section are based on a facility that supports the flow of rainwater between each module and the growth of vegetation beneath the arrays and limiting the impacts of stormwater runoff.
B. Purpose: The City has adopted this regulation to achieve the following goals:
To preserve the health, safety, and welfare of the City's citizens by promoting the safe, effective, and efficient use of active solar energy systems installed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.
Encourage the use of local renewable energy resources, including appropriate applications for solar.
Assist local businesses to lower financial and regulatory risks and improve their economic and environmental sustainability.
Efficiently invest in and manage public infrastructure systems to support development and growth.
Reduce our dependence on nonrenewable energy resources and decrease the air and water pollution that results from the use of conventional energy sources.
Enhance the reliability and power quality of the power grid.
Encourage local economic development, diversify the City's energy supply portfolio, and limit exposure to fiscal risks associated with imported fossil fuels.
Offer additional energy choice to local consumers and improve competition in the electricity supply market.
ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM: A solar energy system whose primary purpose is to harvest energy by transforming solar energy into another form of energy or transferring heat from a collector to another medium using mechanical, electrical, or chemical means.
COMMERCIAL SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM: A solar farm or solar garden that operates as a grid-connected solar energy system for the purpose of producing electricity in whole or in part for off-site consumption.
COMMUNITY SOLAR PROJECT: An active solar energy system jointly owned by the customer-subscribers who will be the recipients of greater than eighty percent (80%) of the electricity (or a financial proxy for electricity) generated by the system, and which meets the following criteria: 1) a maximum size of two (2) megawatts (MW) of electricity output; 2) the minimum subscription per customer-owner is two hundred (200) watts of electricity output; 3) no individual subscriber can own or lease more than forty percent (40%) of a project; and 4) it has been approved by the Illinois Commerce Commission and the Illinois Power Agency.
GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM: An active solar energy system that is connected to an electric circuit served by an electric utility company.
OFF-GRID SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM: An active solar energy system in which the circuits energized by the solar energy system are not electrically connected in any way to electric circuits that are served by an electric utility company.
PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM: A solar energy system that captures solar light or heat without transforming it to another form of energy or transferring the energy via a heat exchanger.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM: An active solar energy system that converts solar energy directly into electricity.
SOLAR ACCESS: Unobstructed access to direct sunlight on a lot through the entire year, including access across adjacent parcel air rights, for the purpose of capturing direct sunlight to operate a solar energy system.
SOLAR COLLECTOR: A device, structure or a part of a device or structure for which the primary purpose is to transform solar radiant energy into thermal, mechanical, chemical, or electrical energy.
SOLAR COLLECTOR SURFACE: Any part of a solar collector that absorbs solar energy for use in the collector's energy transformation process. Collector surface does not include frames, supports and mounting hardware.
SOLAR ENERGY: Radiant energy received from the sun that can be collected in the form of heat or light by a solar collector.
SOLAR ENERGY EASEMENT: An easement that limits the height or location, or both, of permissible development on the burdened land in terms of a structure or vegetation, or both, for the purpose of providing access for the benefited land to sunlight passing over the burdened land.
SOLAR FARM: A commercial facility that converts sunlight into electricity, whether by photovoltaic (PV), concentrating solar thermal devices (CST), or other conversion technology, for the primary purpose of wholesale sales of generated electricity.
SOLAR GARDEN: A commercial solar-electric (photovoltaic) array that provides retail electric power (or a financial proxy for retail power) for the primary purpose of generating electricity for multiple households or businesses residing or located on-site or off-site from the location of the solar energy system. Solar garden shall include community solar projects.
SOLAR MOUNTING DEVICES: Racking, frames, or other devices that allow the mounting of a solar collector onto a roof surface or the ground.
SOLAR RESOURCE: A view of the sun from a specific point on a lot or building that is not obscured by any vegetation, building, or object for a minimum of four (4) hours between the hours of nine o'clock (9:00) A.M. and three o'clock (3:00) P.M. Standard time on all days of the year.
SOLAR STORAGE UNIT: A component of a solar energy device that is used to store solar generated electricity or heat for later use.
D. Permitted Uses; Commercial Solar Energy Systems:
a. Solar gardens comprising an area less than or equal to ten (10) acres and which meet the conditions and requirements of this section shall be allowed as a permitted or accessory use in the Agricultural or Government Districts, but shall be a conditional use on any Agricultural or Government zoned property within five hundred feet (500') of an airport.
b. Solar gardens comprising an area greater than ten (10) acres and which meet the conditions and requirements of this section shall be allowed as a conditional use in the Agricultural or Government Districts.
c. Solar gardens may comprise all or part of a planned unit development in the I-2 Heavy Industrial District.
2. Solar Farms: Solar farms which meet the conditions and requirements of this section shall be allowed as a conditional use in the Agricultural or Government Districts. Solar farms may comprise all or part of a planned unit development in the I-2 Heavy Industrial District.
3. Active Solar Energy Systems: Active solar energy systems designed and operated primarily for the purpose of producing electricity in whole or in part for on-site consumption shall be permitted provided they comply with the regulations applicable to accessory buildings and structures set forth in section
10-7-4 of this chapter and screening of mechanical equipment set forth in subsection
10-8-5G of this title.
E. Development Standards:
1. Height: Ground or pole-mounted solar energy systems shall not exceed twenty feet (20') in height when oriented at maximum tilt.
2. Setbacks: Commercial solar energy systems operated as a principal use must meet the setback for the zoning district and primary land use associated with the lot on which the system is located. Commercial solar energy systems operated as an accessory use may not be located in the front yard of the lot on which the system is located and must meet the side and rear setback for the zoning district and accessory land use associated with the lot on which the system is located.
a. Solar gardens may be no smaller than two (2) acres.
b. Solar farms may be no smaller than ten (10) acres.
4. Signs: Suitable warning signs containing a telephone number for emergency calls shall face all access approaches to the facility. All signs shall comply with chapter 10 of this title.
5. Lot Coverage: Not more than twenty five percent (25%) of the gross site area shall be occupied by enclosed buildings, each of which shall comply with the applicable bulk regulations of the relevant zoning district.
F. Plan Approval Required: All commercial solar energy systems allowed as permitted uses shall require administrative plan approval by the community development director, or their designee, via the review of the application for a building permit. Commercial solar energy systems allowed as conditional uses shall include such plans with the application for a conditional use permit.
G. Approved Solar Components: Commercial solar energy system components must have a UL listing or approved equivalent.
H. Compliance With State And National Electric Code: All photovoltaic systems shall comply with the Illinois State and National Electric Code.
I. Utility Notification: All grid-connected solar energy systems shall comply with the interconnection requirements of the electric utility. An interconnection agreement must be completed with the electric utility in whose service territory the system is located prior to issuance of a building permit.
J. Principal Uses: The City encourages the development of commercial or utility scale solar energy systems where such systems present few land use conflicts with current and future development patterns. The owner or operator of a commercial solar energy system shall be solely responsible for preserving all solar access and acquiring all solar energy easements designed to protect and preserve the solar energy resource used to operate the system.
K. Solar Gardens: The City permits the development of solar gardens, subject to compliance with this section and the following standards and requirements:
1. Conditional Use: For solar gardens located within five hundred feet (500') of an airport, the solar garden must apply for and receive a conditional use permit in the manner described in chapter 4 of this title.
2. Stormwater And NPDES: Solar gardens are subject to the City's stormwater management and erosion and sediment control provisions and NPDES permit requirements.
3. Ground Cover And Buffer Areas: Top soils shall not be exported during development, unless part of a remediation effort. When solar gardens are constructed on formerly agricultural land, the developer shall comply with the Illinois Department of Agriculture Water and Sewer Line Construction Standards and Policies related to topsoil management and replacement regardless of the width of the trench. Soils shall be planted to and maintained in perennial vegetation to prevent erosion, manage runoff and build soil. Seeds should include a mix of grasses and wildflowers native to the region of the project site.
4. Foundations: A qualified engineer shall certify that the foundation and design of the solar mounting devices are within accepted development standards, given local soil and climate conditions.
5. Other Standards And Codes: All solar gardens shall be in compliance with all applicable local, State and Federal regulatory codes, including title 9 of this Code.
6. Visibility: Commercial solar energy systems shall be designed to be screened from routine view from public rights-of-way and residential uses on adjacent parcels. The commercial solar energy system shall be set back from the screening device or landscaping so as to not affect the operation of the system. The property shall comply with fencing, landscaping and screening requirements described in section
10-8-5 of this title.
7. Glare; Reflection: All commercial solar energy systems shall be designed and installed to prohibit light reflection towards adjacent rights-of-way and any habitable portion of nearby structures that are not integrated into the system. Measures to minimize glare include selective placement of the system, screening, modifying the orientation of the system, reducing use of the reflector system, or other remedies that limit glare.
8. Lighting: Lighting may be installed for safety and security purposes. Except with respect to lighting required by Federal law, all other lighting shall be required to comply with section
10-8-6 of this title.
9. Power And Communication Lines: Power and communication lines running between banks of solar panels shall be buried underground. Power and communication lines running to nearby electric substations or interconnections with buildings shall be buried underground to the extent practicable, subject to utility requirements. Exemptions may be granted by the City in instances where shallow bedrock, water courses, or other elements of the natural landscape interfere with the ability to bury lines, or distance makes undergrounding infeasible, at the discretion of the community development director, or their designee.
10. Site Plan Required: A detailed site plan for both existing and proposed conditions must be submitted, showing location of all solar arrays, other structures, property lines, zoning and uses of adjacent property, rights-of-way, service roads, floodplains, wetlands and other protected natural resources, topography, electric equipment, and all other characteristics requested by the City. The site plan should also show all zoning districts, and overlay districts.
11. Aviation Protection: For solar gardens located within five hundred feet (500') of an airport or within approach zones of an airport, the applicant must complete and provide the results of the Solar Glare Hazard Analysis Tool (SGHAT) and receive the written verification of the airport operator that the tool demonstrates the system will operate in a manner that will not result in unsafe conditions for aviation.
L. Solar Farms: The City permits the development of solar farms, subject to compliance with this section and the following standards and requirements:
1. Conditional Use: The solar farm must apply for and receive a conditional use permit in the manner described in chapter 4 of this title.
2. Stormwater And NPDES: Solar farms are subject to the City's stormwater management and erosion and sediment control provisions and NPDES permit requirements.
3. Ground Cover And Buffer Areas: Top soils shall not be exported during development, unless part of a remediation effort. When solar farms are constructed on formerly agricultural land, the developer shall comply with the Illinois Department of Agriculture Water and Sewer Line Construction Standards and Policies related to topsoil management and replacement regardless of the width of the trench. Soils shall be planted to and maintained in perennial vegetation to prevent erosion, manage runoff and build soil. Seeds should include a mix of grasses and wildflowers native to the region of the project site.
4. Foundations: A qualified engineer shall certify that the foundation and design of the solar mounting devices are within accepted professional standards, given local soil and climate conditions.
5. Other Standards And Codes: All solar farms shall be in compliance with all applicable local, State and Federal regulatory codes, including title 9 of this Code.
6. Visibility: Commercial solar energy systems shall be designed to be screened from routine view from public rights-of-way and residential uses on adjacent parcels. The commercial solar energy system shall be set back from the screening device or landscaping so as to not affect the operation of the system. The property shall comply with fencing, landscaping and screening requirements described in section
10-8-5 of this title.
7. Glare; Reflection: All commercial solar energy systems shall be designed and installed to prohibit light reflection towards adjacent rights-of-way and any habitable portion of nearby structures that are not integrated into the system. Measures to minimize glare include selective placement of the system, screening, modifying the orientation of the system, reducing use of a reflector system, or other remedies that limit glare.
8. Lighting: Lighting may be installed for safety and security purposes. Except with respect to lighting required by Federal law, all other lighting shall be required to comply with section
10-8-6 of this title.
9. Power And Communication Lines: Power and communication lines running between banks of solar panels shall be buried underground. Power and communication lines running to nearby electric substations or interconnections with buildings shall be buried underground to the extent practicable, subject to utility requirements. Exemptions may be granted by the City in instances where shallow bedrock, water courses, or other elements of the natural landscape interfere with the ability to bury lines, or distance makes undergrounding infeasible, at the discretion of the community development director, or their designee.
10. Site Plan Required: A detailed site plan for both existing and proposed conditions must be submitted, showing location of all solar arrays, other structures, property lines, zoning and uses of adjacent property, rights-of-way, service roads, floodplains, wetlands and other protected natural resources, topography, electric equipment, and all other characteristics requested by the City. The site plan should also show all zoning districts, and overlay districts.
11. Aviation Protection: For solar farms located within five hundred feet (500') of an airport or within approach zones of an airport, the applicant must complete and provide the results of the Solar Glare Hazard Analysis Tool (SGHAT) and receive the written verification of the airport operator that the tool demonstrates the system will operate in a manner that will not result in unsafe conditions for aviation.
12. Wildlife Passage: In areas identified as containing important wildlife habitat, the facility shall be designed, to the maximum extent feasible, to allow continued use of the site for wildlife habitat and migration across the site.
M. Decommissioning: A decommissioning plan shall be required to ensure that facilities are properly removed after their useful life. Decommissioning of solar panels must occur in the event they are abandoned, which shall mean not in use for twelve (12) consecutive months for reasons other than repair and replacement. The plan shall include provisions for removal of all structures and foundations, restoration of soil and vegetation and a plan ensuring financial resources will be available to fully decommission the site. Decommissioning and removal of the facilities must be complete within one hundred eighty (180) days after they are abandoned or the owner delivers notice of cessation of use, provided the community development director, or their designee, may grant extensions for force majeure events. The City may require the posting of a bond, letter of credit or the establishment of an escrow account to ensure proper decommissioning. (Ord. 18-O-4, 2-6-2018; amd. Ord. 2025-O-5, 2-18-2025)