In all districts, every industrial, business, institutional, recreational, residential or other use shall provide, at the time of any change of use or when any building or structure is erected, enlarged or increased in capacity, off-street parking for motor vehicles in accordance with the requirements of this and other applicable sections of these regulations, especially site plan approval in accordance with Article XIV and landscaping with Article IX.

Loading spaces shall be provided and maintained on the same premises with every building or structure erected, occupied, enlarged or intended to be used, involving the receipt or distribution by vehicles of material or merchandise. No such activity shall use public right-of-way or parking area for standing, loading and unloading services.

Bus, taxi or passenger loading spaces may also be required, depending on the use.

The Planning Board may require off-street bicycle parking if not provided within a reasonable distance from a proposed residence, business, recreational use, or industrial use where appropriate.

Adequacy of parking shall be determined by the Planning Board and based upon the building's size and use.

Parking areas setback from lot lines and streets. In all districts, no part of any parking area, other than driveways for ingress and egress, shall be located closer to a street or lot line than the minimum setback required for a principal building in the relevant district.

Parking of motor vehicles is prohibited on sidewalks, areas between the sidewalk and curb and median strips separating travel lanes as defined in the New York State Vehicle and Traffic Law.

For single-family detached, two-family, attached and accessory dwelling units, off-street parking shall be provided on the same lot with the building it serves.

For multifamily dwellings, required off-street parking shall be located as close to the use as possible, given site conditions, and in no case more than 200 feet from the building it is required to serve.

Access drives to any commercial or industrial district through any residential or transitional district shall not be considered to be a permitted use.

The location, dimensions and signage of handicapped parking shall meet the requirements of the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code.

Unless otherwise specified, off-street parking standards are based on square feet of the total floor area, including the area of any accessory buildings. Such floor area shall be the sum of the gross horizontal area of all the floors measured from the exterior faces of the building.

In places of public assembly in which patrons or occupants are accommodated in pews, benches or other similar seating facilities, off-street parking standards will be based on seating capacity. Such capacity shall mean the number of seating units installed or indicated, or when fixed seats are not indicated, the capacity shall be determined as being one seat for each 20 square feet of floor area of the assembly room.

Where employees are the standard for determining parking space requirements, employees shall mean the maximum number of employees on any two successive shifts.

Fractional numbers shall be increased to the next whole number.

The collective provision of off-street parking areas for two or more buildings or uses located on adjacent lots is permitted. Unless it has been demonstrated that joint use is appropriate in accordance with Subsection C below, the total of such off-street parking facilities shall not be less than the sum required for the various buildings or uses computed separately. Furthermore, the land upon which the collective facilities are located must be owned or leased by one or more of the collective users.

Off-site parking. Off-site parking meeting the location requirements of § 285-83 may be used to meet the requirements of this article. Such off-site parking shall be subject to deed, lease or contract restrictions acceptable to the Municipal Attorney binding the owner, heirs or assigns to maintain the required number of spaces available throughout the life of such use.

Shared parking. Applicants may and are encouraged to propose shared parking arrangements with other land uses in sufficient proximity if it can be demonstrated that the peak use periods for the respective land uses are complementary and will maximize the use of the parking lots while reducing excessively large parking lots. The Planning Board may accept a shared parking arrangement and determine the size of the parking lot based upon consideration of the following:

Applicants are encouraged to provide evidence of lesser parking demand if appropriate.

The Planning Board, at its discretion, may require less off-street parking if warranted based on the information presented. In any case where less off-street parking is required, the Planning Board reserves the right to require the set-aside of additional open space sufficient to accommodate the amount of off-street parking which would ordinarily be required.

The Planning Board also reserves the right to request additional information, such as but not limited to expected number of employees, expected attendance, or expected deliveries, relevant to judging the adequacy of specified parking standards. Such information may result in application of off-street parking standards higher than those specified in Table 1.

For uses not specified in Table 1, the Planning Board shall apply the standard for a specified use which the Board determines to be most similar to the proposed use.

In all cases, provided off-street parking should be sufficient to prevent frequent on-street parking by users or employees.

In addition to the off-street parking required based on the following standards, one appropriately sized parking space shall be available for each commercial vehicle used in any business conducted on or from the premises.

The Planning Board reserves the right to require off-street parking spaces suitable for vehicles with boats or trailers in the City.

Parking of any vehicle, bus, or tractor-trailer combinations which exceed 35 feet, except those loading or unloading in conjunction with provision of a commercial service to an owner or occupant of the property, shall be prohibited in any district except industrial districts or upon the written permission from the Police Department in which the parking restriction would create an extreme hardship on the individual or business using the vehicle. The Chief of Police shall have the power to require such barricades, lighting and other safety measures as he/she deems necessary. The parking of one tractor without an attached trailer which is owned by or leased to the occupant of a dwelling is allowed, subject to the availability of an off-street parking space which meets all the requirements of these regulations.

Adequate off-street parking space(s) shall be provided for any commercial, institutional or industrial use which involves receipt or distribution of goods.

Notwithstanding Subsection B, a written request to exceed the minimum number of vehicle parking spaces, which is supported by adequate documentation to justify an increase over the minimum number of spaces, must be made to the Planning Board .

Under no circumstances shall surface parking areas exceed 120% of the required minimum number of vehicle parking spaces.

Existing surface parking areas that exceed the parking maximums must come into conformance with the maximum number of parking spaces permitted by this section when the following occurs:

When surface parking areas exceed the number of spaces permitted by this section and are required to come into conformance, the excess spaces must be converted into any combination of the following:

Exemptions.

Upon the request of an applicant, the minimum number of parking spaces in Table 1 of § 285-88 may be reduced by up to 25% for residential units dedicated for affordable housing, affordable rental housing, and senior housing upon a demonstration that the minimum number in Table 1 is unnecessary and will not cause congestion in the parking lot or adjacent on-street parking.

In approving any reduction in off-street parking for such residential uses, the Planning Board shall consider whether the applicant is providing the off-street parking in garages and if so shall determine if sufficient storage space is included for each unit to avoid occupants using the garage for storage of personal items.

Upon a demonstration from an applicant for any permitted use that there will be adjacent on-street publicly available parking spaces and that such spaces are underutilized, that applicant may include said spaces in its count for minimum required off-street parking.

Evidence is provided by the applicant that supports the reduced parking needs.

The area proposed for land banking of parking spaces must be an area suitable for parking at a future time.

Landscaping of the land-banked area must be in full compliance with this chapter and, at a minimum, be decompacted, and landscape with native vegetation may not be used as a stormwater management area.

The land-banked area cannot be used for any other use and must be part of the same zoning lot and all under the same ownership.

As part of the site plan review process, the applicant must show the area to be banked on the site plan and marked as "Land-Banked Future Parking."

The Zoning Officer, upon a determination of parking demand for the use, may require the conversion of all or part of the land-banked area to offset parking spaces. Where a property owner disagrees with a determination by the Zoning Officer, that decision may be reviewed by the Zoning Board of Appeals pursuant to § 285-12.

All off-street parking areas shall be located to the side or rear of the primary use. In some instances, at the discretion of the Planning Board, one row of convenience parking, not to exceed the primary building front length, may be located to the front of the primary structure if sufficient space is available and an appropriate ingress and egress point is located with adequate buffering provided to separate the parking area from the roadway.

Site plans should include internal connections to adjacent businesses and roads to facilitate easier pedestrian and vehicle access.

The size of standard perpendicular off-street parking spaces shall be a maximum of nine feet wide by a maximum of 18 feet long with the exception of limited spaces designated for buses, delivery trucks not using loading docks, and designated shopping cart carrels.

Off-street parking areas of more than 20 spaces should be designed with angled parking and one-way traffic aisles. Such parking spaces shall be a maximum of nine feet wide by a maximum of 18 feet long. Two-way traffic aisles may be used, upon a demonstration to the Planning Board that they are necessary for safe and efficient traffic flow. If such angled parking cannot be utilized, the applicant shall provide an explanation in writing as to why the design cannot be achieved.

All off-street parking areas, passageways and driveways serving commercial or industrial uses shall be illuminated adequately during the hours between sunset and sunrise when the parking areas are in operation. Adequate shielding shall be provided by commercial and industrial uses to protect adjacent residential uses from the glare of such illumination and from that of automobile headlights.

Off-street parking areas shall include landscaping in accordance with Article IX. Utilities shall not be located within a landscaped area unless the applicant can demonstrate avoidance of the landscaped area will result in unnecessary hardship.

Where an applicant proposes a multistory parking structure which reduces the amount of landscaping otherwise required, the applicant shall propose alternative means of providing an equivalent benefit, including the utilization of up to 50% of the structure's roof as a green roof.

Where parking spaces abut sidewalks, landscaped areas, lighting fixtures, fences or buildings, appropriate car stops shall be installed to prevent encroachment on or damage to such features.

All off-street parking areas of more than 20 spaces shall also provide a snow storage and disposal area independent of required parking and loading areas that provides for snow melt over a vegetated area or into a green infrastructure area. In redevelopment areas, porous pavement parking lots shall satisfy this requirement.

All required parking areas shall be independent of required emergency access lanes, loading areas and drive-in queuing lanes.

No driveway to an off-street parking area shall be located closer than 50 feet to the intersection of any two streets or within 20 feet of any side lot line, provided that sufficient distance will always remain for all required radii for said driveway. The distances from the driveway to the intersection shall be measured by extending the curbline of the intersecting street until it intersects the curbline, extending, if necessary, of the driveway in question.

Driveways shall be designed to provide for the safe and efficient movement of traffic between the roadway and the site, to eliminate the potential for stacking of vehicles along the public right-of-way and to minimize interference with pedestrians and vehicles using the site and the public right-of-way.

Parking spaces in excess of the minimum number of spaces required in Table 1 of § 285-88 shall be constructed of pervious materials (permeable pavers, porous asphalt, porous concrete, grass-crete or gravelcrete, structural grass or similar materials) unless site or soil conditions or future use of the area as stormwater hot spot, as defined in the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, preclude the use of pervious materials.

Off-street parking spaces designated for customers waiting for services from drive-through facilities shall be constructed of porous materials unless precluded pursuant to Subsection M above.

Required loading spaces shall be 12 feet by 35 feet, with a fourteen-foot height clearance. If tractor-trailer deliveries are expected, at least one loading space 12 feet by 55 feet shall be provided.

All required loading areas shall be independent of required emergency access lanes, parking areas and drive-in queuing lanes.