1. On the same parcel or within 500 feet of the principal use for which it is required,
2. On a lot with a title or permanent access easement,
3. Offsite in an area approved by the Zoning Administrator as shared parking, or
4. As otherwise approved by the Zoning Administrator.

1. All off-street parking shall be served by interior circulation drives. No private off-street parking spaces shall directly connect to public streets, except for single-family (attached and detached) residential. All maneuvering into and out of parking spaces shall be conducted onsite.
2. At least one vehicular and one pedestrian connection shall be provided between adjacent mixed-use and commercial buildings, such as shops and offices and mixed-use buildings, that require public access. This vehicular connection must meet the requirements of the Access Control Regulations of the Kenton County Subdivision Regulations following the procedures in Section 6.09, Required Improvements for Developments. A public sidewalk can be counted as the pedestrian connection if there is no parking within the front yard. If there is parking within the front yard, then a more direct connection between buildings must be provided.
3. All parking lots shall be designed to allow continuous vehicular circulation. In situations where dead end parking aisles are unavoidable, a vehicular turnaround shall be provided.

1. Shared Vehicle or Fleet Vehicle Parking Credit

   For each shared vehicle and fleet vehicle provided, which is available throughout the day for employee use, the minimum number of required off-street parking spaces may be reduced by four. Each shared or fleet vehicle space shall be signed for such use and shall count toward the minimum number of required parking spaces.

2. Electric Vehicle Charging Station Credit

   For each electric vehicle charging station provided, the minimum number of required off-street parking spaces may be reduced by two. Each charging station counts toward the minimum number of required parking spaces.

3. Bicycle Parking Credit

   The number of required off-street parking spaces may be reduced at a ratio of one motor vehicle parking space for each four secured bicycle parking spaces provided above the minimum bicycle parking requirements, up to a maximum reduction of five percent of the required motor vehicle parking spaces.

4. Public Parking Credit

   The Zoning Administrator may allow for a reduction or elimination of parking requirements if the applicant can demonstrate that adequate spaces are available in a nearby public parking lot or structure, and that the reduction or elimination of parking requirements will not result in excessive traffic congestion or on-street parking in any nearby residential district. For the purposes of this provision, on-street parking and parking located within public parks and open space areas shall not constitute a nearby public parking lot or structure.

5. On-street Parking Credit

   Any on-street parking space, at least one-half the length of which is located immediately adjacent to the subject property, may be counted towards on-site parking requirements. Each on-street parking space may only be counted once towards the parking requirements of the adjacent lot, regardless of the number of individual buildings or tenants on the lot. The use of this credit does not entitle the property owner to the continued availability of those on-street parking spaces over time; management of on-street parking spaces is subject to City parking management policies and practices. In cases where on-street parking is available but is not marked, the City shall determine the number of spaces available.

6. Parking Requirements for Multi-Tenant Sites with Three or More Connected Tenant Spaces

   The Zoning Administrator may authorize a single parking standard for an entire multi-tenant site provided that:

   1. The uses have similar or complementary traffic patterns and parking needs.
   2. None of the uses involve outdoor storage, display, or events, within the parking area, not clearly marked on the site plan.
   3. Individual parking spaces are not limited to specific tenants.

   The standard shall be 1 per 250 gross square feet of building space for commercial, retail, and restaurant sites, and 1 per 300 gross square feet for office and institutional sites.

1. The Zoning Administrator may approve the total number of parking spaces required by this Section, for applicants that demonstrate proof of parking needs based on formal parking studies or existing site demand as demonstrated on similar sites, or a combination of both. However, the Zoning Administrator may require that the unconstructed parking area be reserved for future parking. Reserved parking areas must be labeled on the site plan and designed to indicate how they will integrate into constructed parking areas and driveways if needed.
2. The number of off-street parking spaces determined by a parking study should be determined using the latest edition of the ITE Parking Generation Manual, or use the following methodology:
   1. Estimate the maximum number of employees on the greatest shift and provide one space for each two employees;
   2. Estimate the total number of inbound and outbound trips generated during the peak conditions using the latest edition of the ITE Trip Generation Manual;
   3. Estimate the parking duration per trip in minutes and divide by 60 minutes;
   4. Multiply the total number of inbound and outbound trips generated during the peak conditions by the number generated in subsection c. above;
   5. Add the results from subsection a. to the result from subsection d. This is the required number of off-street parking spaces.

1. For this section, refer to the Federal Highway Administration’s vehicle category classification for non-recreational, commercial, and industrial vehicles.
2. Classes 1 through 3 vehicles (with or without signs) which are properly licensed, inspected, and used for commercial purposes may be parked on a residential lot in a location designed, constructed and approved for vehicle parking.
3. Class 4, Class 5, and Classes 6 through 13 vehicles (with or without signs) used for commercial, industrial, farm, or construction purposes are prohibited on residential lots, except within completely enclosed structures or when actively involved in pick-up or delivery to the residence.
4. Moving trailers, vans, or POD storage units may be placed no closer than five feet from adjoining residential property lines on a residential lot while owners are moving in or out of a residence. Such use requires a temporary storage permit for each 30-day period.  
5. Dumpsters used for debris during construction and renovation of a residence may be placed no closer than five feet from adjoining residential property lines on a residential lot. Such use requires a temporary storage permit for each 30-day period.

1. In the R-LLS, R-CVS, R-CPS, and R-M Zones, no access point shall be less than nine feet nor more than 20 feet in width. In all other zones, access points shall not be less than 12 feet nor more than 48 feet in width. The width shall be as measured from the point of curb return to point of curb return, or edge of pavement if no curb exists, excluding the curb radius.
2. The zoning administrator may modify (enlarge or reduce) the width to provide for a more efficient and safe channelization and/or flow of traffic.

1. All required off-street parking areas, drive aisles, and driveways shall be paved with asphalt, concrete, permeable pavement, or other approved material as determined in Appendix 15.03, Specifications For Paving of Off-Street Parking and Loading Areas. If the driveway is longer than 100 feet and located in the R-LLS, R-CVS, R-CPS, R-M, R-MF, MHP, and MU Zones, the first 100 feet is required to be paved and the remaining length of the driveway may be laid with gravel or crushed stone.
2. All drive aisles used to access dumpsters shall be paved with heavy duty asphalt or concrete consistent with the truck parking standards in Appendix 15.03. 
3. Except for single-family, duplex, triplex, fourplex, mobile home, and manufactured home residential uses, all parking spaces shall be striped or otherwise designated to clearly mark each space.
4. See Article 7, Section 7.04 Character Standards - Residential Construction for limitations on impervious surfaces in front yards on residential lots.

All parking areas shall be constructed according to the following:

1. All parking aisles shall terminate with a bump-out for turnaround maneuverability.
2. All parking spaces shall have a vertical clearance of at least seven feet.
3. Parking space dimensions:

It is the intent of the City to maximize safety and minimize disruption of traffic flow by directing access from abutting properties to existing or planned public streets, and to maximize the City investments in their roadway infrastructure for mobility’s sake. These regulations are being implemented to implement Goal 6, Objective A and Mobility Element Recommendation 2, Task 1 of the Kenton County Comprehensive Plan, and the subsequent and tasks related to access management on roadways. These regulations shall apply to all street identified by the legislative body, or in the case of new or proposed Streets, as identified on the submitted subdivision.

1. All developments must meet the requirements of the Access Control Regulations of the Kenton County Subdivision Regulations following the procedures in Section 6.09, Required Improvements for Developments.
2. All developments shall be subject to the Traffic Impact Studies Requirements and mitigation of traffic impacts following the procedures in Section 6.09, Required Improvements for Developments.
3. The design of all roadway elements shall be in compliance with the Kenton County Subdivision Regulations Article 4, Section 4.1, Streets.
4. Modifications to the access management requirements of this Article may be granted following the procedures in the Section 6.09, Required Improvements for Developments

1. In addition to subsections a. and b. above, the City has established Congestion Mitigation Corridors. Access roads, access easements, turning restrictions or shared access points may be required where they have been determined to be beneficial and necessary for the safe operations of a transportation corridor.
2. Establishment
   1. The City hereby establishes designated Congestion Mitigation Corridors. These areas are designated as follows:
      1. Dixie Highway
      2. Commonwealth Avenue
      3. Donaldson Highway
      4. Stevenson Road
      5. Kenton Lands Road/Crescent Springs Road
      6. Turkeyfoot Road
      7. Hulbert Avenue from Silverlake Avenue to Riggs Avenue
      8. Houston Road from Donaldson Highway to Erlanger Road
3. Policy
   1. It is the policy of the City to reduce and prevent congestion and improve safety within these designated areas through careful access management and circulation design and removal of unnecessary access points as redevelopment or new development occurs.
   2. Within these areas, it is the policy of the City, that access to contiguous nonresidential developments shall be coordinated to form one or more private access (such as frontage or rear private access) roads serving adjoining parcels and contiguous development areas. These roads should be designed to collect and funnel traffic onto collector and arterial streets at appropriately spaced shared access points.
   3. Reducing congestion and implementing access management is of vital importance on these roadways. Therefore, certain development standards may be modified if necessary in order to implement this access management policy.
   4. It is understood by the City that temporary access may need to be provided to sites within a Congestion Mitigation Corridor until the full implementation of the access management plan can be achieved.
4. Process
   1. Developments located within designated Congestion Mitigation Corridor require additional coordination of access management and circulation design. The following process shall guide the determination of access management requirements within these areas:
      1. Applicants must request an access management pre-application meeting in addition to any required pre-application meeting for the overall development proposal.
      2. At the time of the pre-application meeting, the applicant will be provided with an access management plan for the identified access management area, or staff will provide a timeline for the establishment of an access management plan for which the applicant must comply. At the time of the pre-application meeting, the applicant will be given Traffic Impact Study scope requirements per the Kenton County Subdivision Regulations, Article 7, Section 7.4, Study Requirements.
      3. The access management plan will establish required locations for access roads, access points, access easements, and any turning restrictions that have been determined to be beneficial and necessary for the safe operations of the transportation corridor.
         1. The applicant must furnish a Traffic Impact Study based upon the scope identified in the pre-application meeting.
         2. The City, together with recommendations from PDS staff, and the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (where applicable) shall establish an access management plan for the identified access management area.
            1. The access management plan may be established prior to proposed developments, or in response to proposed development plans along corridors for which successful implementation of access management requires the coordination of multiple properties and parcels.
            2. The access management plan shall account for unique needs of the adjacent roadways and intersections, and topography of the surrounding land uses.
            3. The access management plan shall identify access locations, including common access points and cross access location and design.
            4. The access management plan shall establish the timing of termination of any temporary access points or access points that are not compliant with the access management plan.
         3. No permit shall be issued which is not in compliance with the access management plan.
   2. Once an access management plan has been established, all new developments or redevelopments that occur within the access management area shall be required to have a development agreement between the property owner and the City prior to development approval.
      1. The development agreement shall require the development to adhere to the access management plan.
      2. The development agreement shall require that any access restrictions, required easements or access point to be terminated shall be recorded as a land use restriction on each property within the development agreement.
      3. As a part of the development agreement, the Zoning Administrator may provide relief from zoning requirement such as setbacks, buffer yards and other dimensional requirements to facilitate compliance with the access management plan where the implementation of such plan would have an egregious effect on the development or use.

1. Bike lockers and racks shall be securely anchored to the ground and on a hard surface.
2. Where provided, bicycle parking space shall be accessible without moving another bicycle.
3. Where provided, bicycle parking spaces should be available for residents, visitors, customers and employees of the use.

Vehicle stacking spaces and the number of lanes shall be provided in accordance with Table 10.4, below.

1. When loading and unloading will occur during business hours, loading spaces shall be permanently available, marked and maintained for loading purposes for the use they are intended to serve. The Zoning Administrator may approve the temporary reduction of loading spaces in conjunction with a seasonal or intermittent use.
2. For uses requiring loading and unloading during business hours, entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required loading and unloading space.
3. When loading and unloading will occur during nonbusiness hours only, loading spaces can be located within any required off-street parking area provided the spaces meet the requirements of Subsections B., C., and D., below. If the delivery hours change to business hours, then the loading spaces will need to be permanently available.
4. Plans for all loading and unloading facilities shall be submitted to the Zoning Administrator for review and for compliance with the provisions of this Ordinance and such other pertinent ordinances of the legislative body. Such plans shall show the number and location of loading and unloading spaces, including necessary maneuvering of trucks, and dock and apron approach, and arrangements of access aisles, location of access points onto adjacent streets, provisions for truck circulation, location of curbs on or adjacent to the property, typical cross-sections of pavement, and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant.
5. The approaches to loading and unloading areas on non-residential sites shall be designed to minimize conflict with onsite vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle traffic and with adjacent residential uses.

1. Loading Requirements
   1. The number of loading spaces to be required shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator based upon the requirements set forth in Table 10-5. For land uses not addressed in Table 10-5, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the applicable loading space standards.
   2. As an alternative to the requirements in Table 10-5, any applicant may provide the Zoning Administrator with a loading space study to determine loading space demand. The Zoning Administrator may approve an alternative loading space requirement based upon the study.
   3. When any land or building is under the same ownership, or when two or more owners provide satisfactory guarantee of a shared loading agreement, the Zoning Administrator may approve shared loading.