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Grimes City Zoning Code

12-15 Off-Street

Parking, Circulation, and Loading

12-15-1 Purpose:

The purpose of this chapter is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens, prevent traffic congestion and hazards, provide for proper traffic safety by preserving the public thoroughfares for the unimpaired movement of pedestrian, bicycle, and vehicular traffic, provide for attractive, secure, properly lighted, and well screened off-street parking facilities, assure the mobility and access of emergency vehicles, provide for appropriately designed parking facilities in proportion to the needs generated by the varying types of land use, and minimize the negative visual impacts of large expanses of parking by reducing glare from parking lots through open space and landscaping around the parking areas.

Effective on: 1/1/1901

12-15-2 Jurisdiction:

The lawful use of parking facilities existing at the time of the enactment of this chapter may be continued although such use may not conform to the regulations herein. For those parking facilities permitted before the adoption of these regulations, such facilities shall be classified as "permitted nonconforming" facilities. No permit shall be issued for any lot, tenant, or development after the effective date hereof and not in substantial conformity with the provisions of these regulations. Nor shall any parking facility, except as herein specified, be substantially improved, converted, enlarged, or otherwise altered without conforming to the provisions of this chapter.

Effective on: 1/1/1901

12-15-3 Applicability:

In all districts, in connection with every industrial, commercial, business, recreational, or dwelling use, and all other uses, space for off-street parking and storage of vehicles shall be provided in accordance with all of the following regulations except as elsewhere provided herein.

Effective on: 1/1/1901

12-15-4 Off-Street Parking and Circulation Regulations:

  • 1.
    OFF-STREET PARKING AND CIRCULATION REQUIRED
    1. A.
      Every parcel of land hereafter used as a public or private parking area, including commercial parking lots, shall be developed and maintained in accordance with the following requirements.
  • 2.
    OFF-STREET PARKING AND CIRCULATION GENERAL PROVISIONS
    1. A.
      Raised PCC curbing shall be installed and maintained along the entire perimeter of all parking, storage and display areas, except for single-family attached and detached dwellings.
    2. B.
      Required off-street parking facilities shall be primarily for the parking of operable private passenger automobiles of occupants, patrons, or employees of the principal use served. Required parking spaces shall not be used for the commercial sale, display, rental, or repair of other motor vehicles, unless that is the principal use of the site. Parking areas shall not be used for storage.
    3. C.
      Any lighting used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be arranged and oriented to direct the light away from adjoining premises in any “R” District. This can be accommodated by the use of downcast fixtures and shields.
    4. D.
      Surface parking lots shall conform to the landscaping, screening, and lighting requirements set forth in the Zoning Regulations.
    5. E.
      All parking spaces, except parking spaces for single-family attached and detached dwellings, shall be striped in accordance with the approved site plan. The striping is to remain maintained in a clear and visible manner.
    6. F.
      Off-street parking facilities, including, but not limited to, parking lots, loading zones, and residential driveways shall accommodate the maneuvering and circulation of all vehicles on site, so as not to impair the movement of vehicles on public streets. Except single-family and two-family dwellings, townhomes, or properties within the Governors District, there shall be no backing of any vehicle from an off-street parking space into a public street or alley.
    7. G.
      All required off-street parking and circulation areas shall be surfaced with an asphaltic or Portland cement binder pavement or similar surface, so as to provide a durable and dustless surface. Off-street parking and circulation areas shall be graded and drained to dispose of all surface water accumulation within the area, and shall be arranged and marked to provide for orderly and safe loading or unloading and parking of self-propelled vehicles.
    8. H.
      No off-street parking and circulation areas shall be located upon a property unless an approved principal use is also located upon the property.
  • 3.
    OFF-STREET PARKING AND CIRCULATION DIMENSIONS
    1. A.
      Off-Street Parking Dimensions:
      1. 1.
        Parking spaces shall have a dimension of not less than nine (9) feet in width, and eighteen (18) feet in length. Parking stall length shall be measured from the edge of pavement to the top of the stall on the same angle as the striping. The width of the stalls shall be measured from the center of a stripe to the center of the next stripe and taken perpendicular to the stripes.
  • Figure 12-15A
    Off-Street Parking Dimensions Graphic
    1.  
      1.  
        1. 2.
          Angled parking stalls shall be measured as demonstrated in Figure 12-15A.
        2. 3.
          The length of parking stalls may be reduced to sixteen and one half (16 ½) feet, if an additional one and one-half (1 ½) feet is provided for the overhang of vehicles.
        3. 4.
          Any parking space parallel to a wall or other solid barrier shall be widened by an additional two (2) feet.
        4. 5.
          All parking spaces abutting a sidewalk shall have a minimum sidewalk width of six (6) feet. The sidewalk shall be widened by at least one and one-half (1 ½) feet if parking stall depth has been reduced to sixteen and one-half (16 ½) feet. When the front of a parking space abuts open space within the perimeter of the parking lot, the minimum width of the open space shall be five (5) feet.
      2. B.
        Off-Street Parking and Driveway Setbacks:
        1. 1.
          No part of any parking space or driveway shall be closer than ten (10) feet to any established street right-of-way line unless such parking space is within a single-family or two-family residential driveway.
        2. 2.
          No part of any parking space or driveway shall be closer than five (5) feet to any established side or rear yard property line.
        3. 3.
          No part of any parking space or driveway shall be closer than five (5) feet to any existing or planned public trail or sidewalk.
        4. 4.
          In the event that a parking lot adjoins an “R” District, it shall be set back at least twenty (20) feet from the “R” District boundary and shall be effectively landscaped and screen planted in accordance with the Zoning Ordinance.
      3. C.
        Off-Street Driveway Dimensions:
        1. 1.
          Except for single-family detached or attached dwellings, the minimum width of a one-way driveway shall be sixteen (16) feet. The minimum width of a two-way driveway shall be twenty-four (24) feet.
        2. 2.
          All driveways used for the purpose of queuing in relation with a drive-through facility shall be a minimum of twelve (12) feet in width.
    2. 4.
      OFF-STREET PARKING SPACE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
      1. A.
        In all districts, unless otherwise noted herein, space for parking of vehicles shall be provided in accordance with the following schedule. Fractional space requirements shall be rounded up to the next whole space.
    Off-Street Parking Spaces Required by Use
    UseMinimum Parking Spaces Required
    Assembly halls, auditoriums, dance halls, event space, theaters, stadiums, and arenas One (1) space for each four (4) seats or twenty (20) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet if there are no fixed seats
    Assisted living facilityOne (1) space per eight (8) beds, plus one (1) space per three (3) employees, plus one (1) space for each resident staff member
    Automobile salesTwo (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of sales floor area. The off-street parking shall be in addition to automobile display areas.
    Automobile service, repairFour (4) spaces per service bay
    BankThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Barber shop, beauty salon, spaFour (4) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Business, professional officeThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Bowling alleyThree (3) spaces for each lane. Additional uses require the appropriate parking ratios.
    CarwashOne (1) space per staffed employee, plus three (3) queuing spaces per bay
    Child care facility, daycareThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Church, house of worshipOne (1) space per three (3) seats in the auditorium including balconies
    Civic usesThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Commercial entertainmentOne (1) space per one thousand (1,000) square feet of outdoor entertainment area and building area combined
    Commercial school or studioTwo and one-quarter (2.25) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium
    Drive-thru (non-food related uses)Three (3) queuing spaces before the pick-up window
    Drive-thru (food related uses)Five (5) queuing spaces before the pick-up window
    Fitness center, health clubTwo and one-quarter (2.25) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Flexible space (retail/office)Six (6) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross building area. A maximum of forty percent (40%) of the building shall be devoted to restaurant uses.
    Flexible space (industrial/warehouse)Two (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area. Parking may be phased and constructed upon actual tenant occupancy.
    Funeral homes, mortuaryOne (1) space for each four (4) seats in the principal auditorium or ten (10) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area if there are no fixed seats. Hearse parking shall be enclosed within the building or screened on all sides with opaque fencing or wall.
    Gas stationThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area. A maximum of fifty percent (50%) of the pump parking spaces may count toward the required parking.
    Home improvement store (over 100,000 square feet)Two (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area
    HospitalOne and one-half (1.5) spaces for each one (1) bed
    Hotel, motel, lodgingOne (1) space per guest room plus ten (10) spaces for hotels without accessory uses. One and one quarter (1.25) spaces per guest room for hotels with accessory uses.
    Independent living facilityOne and one-quarter (1.25) spaces per unit, plus one (1) visitor spaces per five (5) units
    Industrial, manufacturing plantOne (1) space for each three (3) employees on the maximum working shift, but in no case less than one (1) space for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Medical or dental officeThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Multi-familyOne and one-half (1.5) spaces for each efficiency unit, one and three-quarter (1.75) spaces for each 1 and 2 bedroom unit, and two (2) spaces for each unit with 3 or more bedrooms. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the units shall provide enclosed parking spaces.
    Restaurant, tavern, barTen (10) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Retail store, shops, super markets, etc.Four (4) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    School (elementary or middle school)One (1) space per employee, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium or gymnasium
    School (high school, college, university, vocational)One (1) space per employee, plus one (1) space per four (4) students at capacity, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium or gymnasium
    Self-storage, mini warehouseThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area of the office. One (1) space per unit for internally accessed storage units.
    Single-family detached and two-familyTwo (2) spaces for each dwelling unit, exclusive of private garages
    Single-family attachedTwo (2) spaces for each dwelling unit, plus one (1) visitor space per five (5) dwelling units
    Veterinary clinic, kennel, pet daycareTwo (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Wholesale establishment, warehouseOne (1) space for each two (2) employees, but in no case less than one (1) space for each two thousand (2,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Off-Street Parking Spaces Required by Use
    UseMinimum Parking Spaces Required
    Assembly halls, auditoriums, dance halls, event space, theaters, stadiums, and arenas One (1) space for each four (4) seats or twenty (20) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet if there are no fixed seats
    Assisted living facilityOne (1) space per eight (8) beds, plus one (1) space per three (3) employees, plus one (1) space for each resident staff member
    Automobile salesTwo (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of sales floor area. The off-street parking shall be in addition to automobile display areas.
    Automobile service, repairFour (4) spaces per service bay
    BankThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Barber shop, beauty salon, spaFour (4) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Business, professional officeThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Bowling alleyThree (3) spaces for each lane. Additional uses require the appropriate parking ratios.
    CarwashOne (1) space per staffed employee, plus three (3) queuing spaces per bay
    Child care facility, daycareThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Church, house of worshipOne (1) space per three (3) seats in the auditorium including balconies
    Civic usesThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Commercial entertainmentOne (1) space per one thousand (1,000) square feet of outdoor entertainment area and building area combined
    Commercial school or studioTwo and one-quarter (2.25) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium
    Drive-thru (non-food related uses)Three (3) queuing spaces before the pick-up window
    Drive-thru (food related uses)Five (5) queuing spaces before the pick-up window
    Fitness center, health clubTwo and one-quarter (2.25) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Flexible space (retail/office)Six (6) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross building area. A maximum of forty percent (40%) of the building shall be devoted to restaurant uses.
    Flexible space (industrial/warehouse)Two (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area. Parking may be phased and constructed upon actual tenant occupancy.
    Funeral homes, mortuaryOne (1) space for each four (4) seats in the principal auditorium or ten (10) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area if there are no fixed seats. Hearse parking shall be enclosed within the building or screened on all sides with opaque fencing or wall.
    Gas stationThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area. A maximum of fifty percent (50%) of the pump parking spaces may count toward the required parking.
    Home improvement store (over 100,000 square feet)Two (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet gross floor area
    HospitalOne and one-half (1.5) spaces for each one (1) bed
    Hotel, motel, lodgingOne (1) space per guest room plus ten (10) spaces for hotels without accessory uses. One and one quarter (1.25) spaces per guest room for hotels with accessory uses.
    Independent living facilityOne and one-quarter (1.25) spaces per unit, plus one (1) visitor spaces per five (5) units
    Industrial, manufacturing plantOne (1) space for each three (3) employees on the maximum working shift, but in no case less than one (1) space for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Medical or dental officeThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Multi-familyOne and one-half (1.5) spaces for each efficiency unit, one and three-quarter (1.75) spaces for each 1 and 2 bedroom unit, and two (2) spaces for each unit with 3 or more bedrooms. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the units shall provide enclosed parking spaces.
    Restaurant, tavern, barTen (10) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Retail store, shops, super markets, etc.Four (4) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    School (elementary or middle school)One (1) space per employee, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium or gymnasium
    School (high school, college, university, vocational)One (1) space per employee, plus one (1) space per four (4) students at capacity, plus one (1) space per four (4) seats in the auditorium or gymnasium
    Self-storage, mini warehouseThree (3) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area of the office. One (1) space per unit for internally accessed storage units.
    Single-family detached and two-familyTwo (2) spaces for each dwelling unit, exclusive of private garages
    Single-family attachedTwo (2) spaces for each dwelling unit, plus one (1) visitor space per five (5) dwelling units
    Veterinary clinic, kennel, pet daycareTwo (2) spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area
    Wholesale establishment, warehouseOne (1) space for each two (2) employees, but in no case less than one (1) space for each two thousand (2,000) square feet of gross floor area
    1.  
      1. B.
        Uses located within the Governors District are exempt from the minimum parking requirements, however are required to ensure practical parking provisions are provided.
      2. C.
        In case the parking requirement of a building or use is not specifically mentioned herein, the parking space requirements for a use which is listed above and to which said use is similar, shall apply as determined by the Zoning Administrator. If no similar use is listed, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the parking space requirements based upon other available references or qualified sources of information to adequately determine parking demand.
      3. D.
        Outdoor patron use areas or areas used for assembly shall be included in the gross floor area (GFA) for calculating parking requirements. Outdoor dining or drinking areas shall be included in the GFA for bars, restaurants, and taverns when calculating parking requirements. Outdoor dining or drinking areas shall not be required to provide parking for the first three hundred (300) square feet of outdoor service area.
      4. E.
        For a building where a single tenant has multiple uses, parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the parking requirements of each use. An example of a mixed-use building is one containing a combination of both office and manufacturing uses. The area dedicated to each use shall be calculated at its individual requirement.
      5. F.
        If the use of a building is changed or expanded, the minimum number of required parking spaces for the use shall be provided onsite.
    2. 5.
      OFF-STREET PARKING MAXIMUM REQUIREMENTS
      1. A.
        Requests to exceed the maximum surface parking requirement by more than twenty-five percent (25%) shall demonstrate need by providing a market analysis, estimated employee count, floor plans, or other similar materials. The request must also provide a projection of future demand, and consideration and evaluation of alternative parking management practices (e.g., shared parking, shuttle, valet, etc.).
      2. B.
        In no case shall the additional parking over twenty-five percent (25%) of the minimum required be provided without providing additional open space within the site, equal to or greater than the area of parking and adjoining circulation area in excess of the minimum required. This additional open space shall be in addition to the minimum open space required for the site. Additionally, the City Council may conditionally approve the additional parking subject to a phased construction schedule, or additional open space and/or landscaping.
    3. 6.
      OFF-STREET SHARED PARKING REQUIREMENTS
      1. A.
        The number of required parking spaces for uses with differing business hours that share a parking lot may be reduced by twenty-five percent (25%) of the total required for each use if it is determined by the Zoning Administrator that such reduction will not have a negative impact on the congestion or safety of the development or adjoining developments
    4. 7.
      OFF-STREET RESIDENTIAL PARKING REQUIREMENTS
      1. A.
        Off-street parking areas in residential districts shall be provided on the same lot with the principal use. Off-street parking may occupy any required yard. No required off-street loading areas shall be located in the required front yard in a residential district. This provision shall not prohibit parking on a driveway leading to a single- or two-family dwelling.
      2. B.
        Driveways for individual single-family residences shall not be located closer than two (2) feet from an adjoining residential lot line, unless such driveway is jointly used by adjoining property owners and a joint easement has been recorded with the county recorder.
    5. 8.
      OFF-STREET ADA PARKING REQUIREMENTS
      1. A.
        The owner, contractor, and developer shall comply with all federal, state and local laws regarding accessible parking including, but not limited to, Iowa Code Chapter 321L and the Americans with Disabilities Act.
      2. B.
        Accessible parking spaces required by federal, state, and local laws shall count toward meeting the requirements of this chapter.
    6. 9.
      EXCEPTIONS
      1. A.
        Upon consultation by the City Engineer and recommendation of the Planning and Zoning Commission, a parking space does not have to be hard surfaced if it will be used for the storage of heavy equipment within M-2 and M-3 zoning districts, and in that case, it may be surfaced with recycled asphalt or other like material to provide a dustless surface area. All driveways or access areas leading to the storage area shall be hard surfaced with an asphaltic surface or Portland cement. The alternate parking surface shall be limited to fifteen percent (15%) of the site but in no case more than one (1) acre in size and cannot be located within an overlay district. All heavy equipment storage shall be screened with landscaping and fencing.

    (Ord. # 780, 05/23/2023) 

    Effective on: 5/23/2023

    12-15-5 Off-Street Loading Regulations:

  • 1.
    OFF-STREET LOADING SPACES REQUIRED
    1. A.
      Any building or part thereof hereafter erected, which requires the receipt or distribution by vehicles of material or merchandise, shall provide and maintain on the same lot with such building, at least one (1) off-street loading space for each loading door or dock.
    2. B.
      Space allocated to any loading use shall not be used to satisfy the number of required motor vehicle parking spaces.
  • 2.
    OFF-STREET LOADING SPACE DIMENSIONS:
    1. A.
      Loading areas abutting a dock shall provide loading spaces no less than twelve (12) feet in width and forty (40) feet in length.
    2. B.
      Loading areas not abutting a dock shall provide loading spaces no less than ten (10) feet in width and twenty-five (25) feet in length.
  • 3.
    OFF-STREET LOADING AREA LOCATIONS:
    1. A.
      Loading areas shall be oriented away from the public street right-of-way.
    2. B.
      In the event that placement of the loading area is visible from the public right-of-way, or adjoining any “R” District, screening shall be required to decrease the visibility of the loading area from public view and adjoining “R” District property. Loading areas adjoining an “R” district shall be set back at least twenty (20) feet from the common property line. Loading areas adjoining a district other than an “R” district must be at least five (5) feet from the property line.
    3. C.
      No portion of a public street or alley should be allowed to accommodate loading area functions unless otherwise designated by the City.
  • Effective on: 1/1/1901