Hays City Zoning Code

CHAPTER 5

Parking, Loading, Access, and Lighting

Sec. 5.1.101 Purpose

The purpose of this Chapter is to ensure that:

Parking:
1. Adequate, durable off-street parking is provided for uses that are permitted by this Code.
2. Off-street parking areas are designed and illuminated to protect the safety of their users.
3. Sufficient parking is provided in nonresidential areas that are near residential neighborhoods, so that the character and quality of life of the residential neighborhoods are protected from overflow parking.
4. Reductions in off-street parking requirements are available to mixed use projects that utilize shared parking arrangements that account for differences in the timing of the peak parking demands of the various uses.
Loading Areas:
1. Adequate loading areas are provided to support the uses to which they relate.
2. Loading areas do not interfere with parking and circulation and do not disturb the use of adjacent properties or of public right-of-way.
Site Access:
1. Adequate access is provided for both vehicular and non-vehicular modes of travel.
2. Access is managed along streets with a functional classification of collector or higher such that traffic safety and mobility is improved.
3. Cross-access is provided between parcels that contain compatible uses to reduce turning movements on adjacent public streets and, thus, improve traffic safety and mobility.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.1.102 Application

Generally. Except as provided in Subsections B.2. and B.3., below, the standards of this Chapter apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
All substantial improvements to existing development.
Any expansion of a building that is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the existing gross floor area, regardless of whether the expansion would otherwise qualify as a "substantial improvement."

Parking Requirements. The numerical parking requirements set out in Section 5.2.102, Required off-Street Parking and Loading Spaces, apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
Changes in the use of existing buildings. However, shopping centers are required only to conform to the standards for shopping centers (provided that parking is not reserved for individual tenants), and a change of any individual use within the center does not require re-assessment of parking demand.
The net new area of any building, structure, or outdoor use that is modified or expanded.

Exemption. By reason of the character and function of the Central Business District (C-3), the off-street parking provisions of this Article do not apply.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.101 Calculation of Required Parking Spaces

Generally. The number of required parking spaces is calculated according to the formulas set out in this Section, which then may be adjusted per the standards set out in Section 5.2.102, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces.

Variables for Calculating Required Parking. The variables used for parking calculations are measured as follows:

Per Square Foot (sf.) of Parking Floor Area (PFA). The phrase "per sf. of PFA" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of "parking-related" square feet of floor area put to the use. The "PFA" is 85 percent of the gross floor area, plus (unless otherwise specified) the area of any parts of the parcel proposed for development that are delineated and used in a manner that is comparable in function and intensity of use to the use of the inside of the building (e.g., outdoor dining areas).
Per Dwelling Unit (DU) or Per Bedroom (BR). The phrase "per '#' DU" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of dwelling units. In some cases, the parking requirements are based on the number of bedrooms (per "#" BR unit) in the dwelling units.
Per Bed. The phrase "per bed" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of beds in the facility instead of the number of sleeping rooms or some other measure. Per bed calculations are normally applied to uses that offer residential care or hotels/motels with shared rooms.
Per Full or Part-Time Employee. The phrase "per employee" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of employees during the shift in which the maximum number of employees is present.
Per Seat Capacity. The phrase "per seat" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of seats that are provided for guests (patrons, members, etc.), with benches or pews measured as one seat per each two feet of length; and
Per Square Feet (sf.) of Assembly Area. The phrase "per sf. of assembly area" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of square feet in the largest room used for assembly (e.g., at a school, this is often a gymnasium, but it could also be a theater or lunch room).
Others. Other variables are measured according to their common meanings.

Rounding. If the final calculation of the number of required parking spaces includes the fraction of less than one-half less it may be disregarded, however, a fraction in excess of one-half shall be counted as one parking space (e.g., 1.37 = 1 parking space; 1.72 = 2 parking spaces).

Mixed use or Multiple Nonresidential Uses. If several mixed use or nonresidential uses occupy a single parcel or building, the off-street parking and loading requirements shall be the cumulative total for all uses, or as set out in Section 5.2.102, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces, and Section 5.2.204, Off-Street Loading, whichever is lesser.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.102 Required Off-Street Parking Spaces

Purpose. The main purpose of this Division is to establish standards ensuring the availability and safe use of parking lots.

Applicability of Division. Excluding the Central Business District (C-3):

All new development and redevelopment shall provide all of the parking spaces required by this Section and shall comply with all other provisions of this Chapter.
Expansions to existing development and changes in use of existing buildings that require additional parking shall provide parking to the extent of the new demand created by the expansion or change in use.
Changes in use of existing buildings that result in a fewer required parking spaces shall not require additional parking spaces.
Except for residential occupancies, developments which require 30 or fewer parking stalls may count towards said requirement up to 15% (rounded up) of on-street parking stalls which are directly adjacent to the property proposed for development. Residential occupancies shall continue to be required to provide off-street parking as required in this Code.

Required Parking. The parking spaces required for individual uses are provided in this Subsection delineated by the land use classifications set out in Chapter 2, Zoning Districts and Land Uses.

Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home. Required off-street parking for residential and commercial uses of the home and special neighborhood types are set out in Table 5.2.102A, Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

1. Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses. Required off-street parking for institutional, recreation, and amusement uses are set out in Table 5.2.102, Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Commercial Uses. Required off-street parking for commercial uses are set out in Table 5.2.102C, Commercial Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses. Required off-street parking for agriculture, industrial, transportation, utility, and communication uses are set out in Table 5.2.102D, Agriculture, Industrial, Transportation, Utility and Communication Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Uses Not Listed. The Zoning Administrator shall determine the parking requirements for uses that are not listed based on the uses that are most similar to the proposed uses (see Division 2.2.300, Compatibility Standards) or based on parking studies of similar uses that are provided by the applicant and certified by a qualified transportation planner or professional engineer.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.103 Special Studies

Generally. Some of the uses that are listed in the tables set out in Section 5.2.102, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces, have nonlinear or widely varying parking demand characteristics. Accordingly, their parking requirements are listed in the tables as "Special Study." Required parking for these uses shall be established by special study according to the standards of this Section. A special study shall also be required for any land use not listed in Section 5.2.102, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces, unless determined by the Zoning Administrator to be functionally similar to another use in the tables in Section 5.2.102, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces.

Requirements.

The special study shall be conducted by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer at the applicant's expense (determined by the Zoning Administrator).
The special study shall provide:
1. A peak parking analysis of comparable uses.
2. Documentation regarding the comparability of the referenced uses, including name, function, location, gross floor area, parking availability, access to transportation network (including vehicular or other if applicable), use restrictions, and other factors that could affect the parking demand.

Approval of Special Study.

The Zoning Administrator may rely upon the special study or may request one round of additional information or analysis, including, but not limited to, alternative or new data points, or consideration of additional or alternative factors related to comparability or peak demand, as supported by sound transportation planning or traffic engineering principles.
As a condition of approval of a special study, the Zoning Administrator may require that land be reserved or land-banked for additional parking if there is a high probability that the use could change, resulting in a higher demand for parking and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.104 Parking Credits and Reductions

Generally. This Section sets out credits and reductions in the number of required off-street parking spaces. These credits or reductions are based on the provision of alternative parking or demand management programs that tend to reduce the demand for parking. If used in conjunction with Section 5.2.101, Calculation of Required Parking Spaces, Subsection D., Mixed Use and Shared Parking, these reductions may be applied to reduce the parking requirement for the use prior to calculating the shared parking reduction.

Applicability to Special Studies. The credits and reductions are not available for uses that base their parking on a special study, as set out in Section 5.2.103, Special Studies, unless the special study’s methodology specifically addresses these credits and reductions and determines that they are appropriate and will not result in a parking deficiency.

Reduction of Parking or Loading Requirements by Demonstration of Lesser Demand.

The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction in the number of required parking spaces if the applicant demonstrates that a reduction is appropriate based on specific parking demand forecasts for the proposed use, provided that:
1. The forecasts are made by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer and are based upon a peak parking analysis of comparable uses; and
2. The comparability of the uses is documented in detail, which includes their location, gross floor area, street access, use types and restrictions, hours of operation, peak parking demand periods, and all other factors that could affect parking demand.
The City may retain a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer, at the applicant's expense, to review the parking demand forecast and provide recommendations to the City.
The City may rely on the applicant's special study or a special study conducted by an independent qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer.
The Zoning Administrator may require that space be reserved or land-banked for additional parking upon a determination that there is a reasonable likelihood that the use itself or the nature of the use or building could change in a manner that increases its parking demand and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.105 Mixed Use and Shared Parking

Generally. The City recognizes that uses may have different hours of operation and peak parking demand hours. For this reason, the City desires to encourage the sharing of parking for its potential to reduce impervious areas and/or to enhance the efficiency of land use. Where a mix of uses creates synergy with respect to the use of parking spaces due to differences in when the spaces are most likely to be used, the Zoning Administrator may reduce the required number of spaces according to the provisions of this Section.

Shared Parking, Common Ownership. Shared parking allows a reduction in the total number of required parking spaces when a parcel is occupied by two or more uses which typically do not experience peak use of parking areas at the same time. When any land or building is used for two or more uses that are listed below, the minimum total number of required parking spaces may be determined by the following procedures:

Multiply the minimum required parking for each individual use, excluding spaces reserved for use by specified individuals or classes of individuals (e.g., spaces that are either posted "reserved," or secured behind a gate), by the appropriate percentage listed in Table 5.2.105A, Mixed Use and Shared Parking, for each of the designated time periods.
Calculate a sum for all uses for each of the five time periods (columns). The minimum parking requirement is the highest of these sums. Set out in Table 5.2.105B, Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation, is an example of how to calculate shared parking credits.
In general, the maximum reduction allowed shall be no more than 25 percent of the total cumulative spaces required for all uses. However, a greater reduction may be permitted by the Zoning Administrator, provided that:
1. Sufficient land is set aside on-site for each parking space in excess of the 25 percent reduction that is not constructed, so that the spaces may be constructed at a later date should the Zoning Administrator determine that they are necessary; and
2. The property owner executes and records a document that guarantees that the spaces will be constructed on-site upon written order of the Zoning Administrator.

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Shared Parking Among Lots Under Different Ownership. When a shared parking reduction is to be applied to uses on several lots under different ownership, the following shall be provided:
1. A plan that provides for interconnected parking lots;
2. Recorded easements, on a form acceptable to the City Attorney, that provide, at a minimum, for:
  1. Cross-access among the parking areas and connections to allow parking by the different uses anywhere on the connected properties;
  2. Allocation of maintenance responsibilities;
  3. A pedestrian circulation system that connects uses and parking areas, making it easy and convenient for pedestrians to move between uses; and
  4. A right of enforcement by the City.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.106 Bicycle Parking

Generally. Where bicycle parking is provided, this section applies.

Application Where Vehicular Parking is Reduced. If the number of vehicular parking spaces is modified by application of Section 5.2.105, Mixed Use and Shared Parking, then the number of bicycle spaces, if required, shall be based on the number of spaces required after application of Section 5.2.105, Mixed Use and Shared Parking, even if credits from other section (except those related to bicycle parking) are applied first. However, if the number of vehicular parking spaces is reduced by application of Section 5.2.104, Parking Credits and Reductions, then the number of bicycle parking spaces, if required, shall be based on the number of vehicular parking spaces that were required before application of the credit.

Replacement of Off-Street Parking Spaces with Bicycle Parking Spaces. Any nonresidential development in an district may convert or substitute up to five percent of the required off-street parking spaces (to a maximum of five automobile parking spaces) into additional bicycle parking spaces (not already required by the UDC) at the following ratios:

One automobile parking space for every six covered bicycle spaces (including spaced within covered bicycle cages); and
One automobile parking space for every two bicycle lockers.

Bicycle Parking Design Standards. If provided, bicycle parking shall be designed with the following characteristics:

The bicycle frame and one wheel can be locked to the rack with a high security, U-shaped lock with both wheels left on the bicycle (designs that only allow one locking point at the wheel are prohibited);
A bicycle that is six feet long can be securely held with its frame supported so that the bicycle cannot be pushed or fall in a manner that will damage the wheel components; and
The racks are securely anchored to a hard surface (see Figure 5.2.106, Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System).

Figure 5.2.106
Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.201 Location of Parking Area

Generally. All parking spaces and areas shall be designed and constructed to protect adjacent residences from impacts resulting from use, including the direct glare of headlights of vehicles using the parking area.

Location of On-Site, Off-Street Parking. Parking shall be set back behind any required bufferyard or as specified in Section 4.1.403, Bufferyards for Parking Lots and Vehicular Use Areas. Parking spaces, aisles, and turning areas shall not encroach upon or overhang any street, driveway, or public right-of-way.

Location of Off-Site, Off-Street Parking. Parking or overflow parking may be located off site in common parking areas no more than 300 feet (as measured along lines of public access) from the use which it serves.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.202 Parking Space and Module Standards

Dimensions of Standard Parking Spaces. Parking spaces shall have the following dimensions.

Generally: 9 ft. width x 20 ft. standard depth, exclusive of access drives, or aisles, ramps, columns, office or work areas.
90-degree parking spaces that abut curb or edge of pavement (allowing for overhang): 9 ft. width x 18 ft. reduced depth (see Figure 5.2.202A, Parking Space Dimensions), provided there is an area for bumper overhang with a minimum width of six feet.
Parallel (0 degree) parking spaces: 8 ft. width x 20 ft. depth.

Figure 5.2.202A
Parking Space Dimensions

Dimensions of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be dimensioned as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.
Number of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be provided as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines, as amended from time to time. The requirements as of the effective date are set out in Table 5.2.202A, Disabled Parking Requirements; however, in the event of amendment to Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG), ADAAG standards shall control. Disabled parking is included in the total number of required parking spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Parking Space Markings.
1. All standard and disabled parking spaces that are located in parking lots shall be clearly marked.
2. Parking spaces for residential uses that are located in private garages, carports, or individual driveways do not have to be marked. An area on a private residential lot is considered a parking space if:
  1. The area is at least 10 feet by 20 feet in dimension;
  2. The area does not encroach upon a public sidewalk;
  3. The area is improved with an all-weather, dustless material such as asphalt, concrete, asphaltic concrete, or other equivalent material; and
  4. The area is accessible from the street (see Figure 5.2.202B, Private Residential Parking Spaces).

Figure 5.2.202B
Private Residential Parking Spaces

Vertical Clearance. A vertical clearance of not less than eight feet shall be provided over all parking spaces. Additional clearance shall be provided for larger vans, sports utility vehicles, and light trucks that require such clearance if parking demand from such vehicles is anticipated. All parking structure entrances shall include an overhead bar to alert oversized vehicles regarding clearance.
Parking Module Dimensions. Parking modules shall be dimensioned as shown in Table 5.2.202B, Minimum Horizontal Parking Dimensions for Standard Automobiles. The dimensions that are set out in the table are illustrated in Figure 5.2.202C, Parking Module Measurements.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Figure 5.2.202C
Parking Module Measurements

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.203 Circulation

Generally. Circulation systems within lots or parcels proposed for development shall provide for continuous traffic flow with efficient, non-conflicting movement throughout the site. The circulation plan shall comply with the standards and specification set out by the Director of Public Works.

Configuration of Parking Aisles. If one-way parking aisles are utilized, parallel rows of parking shall run in alternating directions and shall intersect with two-way aisles.

Tandem Parking. Tandem parking shall not be used to comply with the requirements of this Division, except in the case of single-family detached and duplex residential uses (see Figure 5.2.202B, Private Residential Parking Spaces).

Stacking Areas; Vehicular Reservoirs; Drive-Through Lanes.

Stacking areas, vehicular reservoirs, and drive-through lanes shall be configured so that their use does not block ingress to or egress from:
1. Parking spaces;
2. Driveways and access points; and
3. Emergency access lanes.
Stacking lanes shall provide a bypass lane that is not less than 10 feet in width.

Vehicular-Pedestrian Conflict Areas. Conflicts between areas of significant pedestrian movement and vehicular circulation shall be minimized. Areas that are accessible to vehicles but likely to be put to significant use by pedestrians (as determined by the Director of Public Works) shall be striped or otherwise differentiated (e.g., with decorative pavers).

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.204 Off-Street Loading

Generally. Loading spaces shall be provided as required by this Section and shall be located so as to avoid undue interference with public use of streets, alleys, and sidewalks.

Types of Loading Spaces. Loading spaces shall be a minimum of 10 feet in width by 50 feet in depth with a 14 foot height clearance.

Number of Loading Spaces. The number of loading spaces that must be provided for each land use is set out in Table 5.2.204, Required Loading Spaces.

Table 5.2.204 Required Loading Spaces
Number of Spaces	Gross Floor Area in Square Feet
0	1 to 2,999
1	3,000 to 20,000
2	20,000 to 40,000
3	40,000 to 60,000
4	60,000 to 80,000
5	80,000 to 100,000
Determined by the Planning Commission	100,001 to more

Truck Access. Truck access to loading areas (including loading docks) of a lot or parcel proposed for development shall be designed with access locations and turning radii that meet the following conditions, as applicable, for the type of street from which access is provided and the design of the largest truck that is reasonably expected to use the loading areas:
1. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development do not require the truck to run over infrastructure or landscaping that is not designed for such use; and
2. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development shall not pose a material threat to public safety.
Off-Street Maneuvering Space.
1. Adequate off-street truck maneuvering space shall be provided on lots where truck loading is provided (not within any public street right-of-way or other public lands) so that trucks can maneuver to loading spaces or docking areas. The Zoning Administrator may require that the size and turning radius of the design vehicle be shown on the site plan to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.
2. Use of maneuvering space for loading areas shall not interfere with:
  1. Areas used by passenger vehicles;
  2. Fire lanes or other emergency accessways; or
  3. Access to other loading areas where more than one loading space is provided.
3. At no time shall any part of a truck or van be allowed to extend into a public right-of-way or across a drive entrance or sidewalk while the truck or van is parked or being loaded or unloaded.
Location and Buffering.
1. All loading areas are required to be located on the same lot as the building or lot served by the loading area.
2. Off-street loading facilities shall be designed so as not to interfere with any fire exits or emergency access facilities to either a building or site.
3. Semi-trailer loading spaces and docks shall be located on side or rear buildings elevations that are buffered from view from adjacent properties and public streets.
4. Truck access and loading areas that are located between a principal building and property that is used or zoned for residential purposes shall comply with the following additional standards:
  1. The length of the loading area shall be screened by a bufferyard that has one level more opacity (e.g., from a "Type B" bufferyard to a "Type C" bufferyard, see Section 4.1.403, Bufferyards for Parking Lots and Vehicular Use Areas) than required by the district boundary and contains an eight-foot tall masonry wall; or
  2. The loading area is enclosed by a roof and a wall between the building and the district boundary line (a "loading shed"). The buffer between the loading shed and the district boundary line may be reduced by one level of opacity adjoining the loading shed, and may be the district standard elsewhere.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.205 Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Generally. Stacking spaces are used to measure the capacity of a drive-through lane to hold cars while transactions are taking place at drive-through stations. Stacking spaces measure eight feet wide by 20 feet long and provide direct access to a service window. The position in front of a drive-through station (e.g., a service window, ATM, or station at a drive-through bank) is counted as a stacking space.

Required Stacking Spaces. All drive-in and drive-through facilities shall provide vehicle stacking in accordance with Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Requirements.

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Design.
1. Stacking lanes shall be clearly marked, and shall not interfere with on-site or off-site traffic circulation.
2. Stacking areas shall not be located between the facade of a building and the public street upon which the building fronts.
3. Stacking lanes shall be designed with an abutting 10-foot wide bypass lane.

Figure 5.2.205
Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Configuration of Stacking Spaces; Required Bypass Lane.
1. No stacking space may occupy any portion of a public right-of-way.
2. The minimum pavement lane width shall be eight feet.
3. Stacking spaces may be used to satisfy off-street parking requirement but may not be used to meet loading space requirements.
4. Stacking lanes shall not interfere with parking spaces, parking aisles, loading spaces, internal site circulation, or points of ingress and egress.
5. A 10-foot bypass lane is required adjacent to the stacking lane to allow vehicles to circumvent the stacking lane.
6. Bypass lane may be eliminated upon zoning administrator approval based upon the site plan review if the applicant can show alternative design for proposed use.
Other Uses. Uses other than those set out in Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces, that propose drive-through service shall provide a number of stacking spaces as approved by the Zoning Administrator, based on a functional comparability to a use that is listed in the Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces.
Reduction of Stacking Requirements.
1. The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction of the stacking requirements of this Section upon demonstration by a qualified traffic engineer that a reduction in the stacking requirements is appropriate for the applicant's proposed use given its proposed intensity or context.
2. Minor deviations of these requirements that reduce the stacking distance by less than one stacking space may be approved by the Zoning Administrator without a demonstration by a licensed traffic engineer if the applicant demonstrates that strict compliance with this Section is impracticable or would lead to a lower quality of site design.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022

Sec. 5.2.206 Use of Parking Facilities

Generally. Required off-street parking spaces shall be available for operable passenger vehicles of the residents, customers, patrons, and employees of the use to which they relate.

Storage.

Parking Spaces and Aisles. Storing materials, boats, campers, recreational vehicles, or inoperable vehicles, or overnight parking of trucks or trailers is prohibited in parking areas of nonresidential and mixed use developments, unless the onsite storage is enclosed and complies with Section 10.2.105, Outdoor Storage and Display of Merchandise.
Loading Spaces. Long-term storage of trailers in loading spaces is prohibited. Such spaces shall be available for routine use by delivery vehicles.

Prohibited Use of Parking Areas.

No designated off-street parking facilities shall be used for perpetual car repairs, display, service, or sales of any good or service unless expressly and specifically approved by the City. However, this Subsection does not apply to single-family detached and single-family attached driveways when they are used for garage sales or for minor repairs to operable licensed and registered, covered (with a fitted tarp that is secured).
No area required by the City for the use of private off-street parking shall be used by any party as a commercial parking lot.

Blocking of Access Prohibited.

Blocking loading spaces or parking spaces is prohibited.
Loading spaces or parking spaces shall not be designed or located in a manner that blocks access to other loading spaces, parking spaces, driving aisles, fire lanes, ingress or egress points, or building entrances.
Parking, loading, and access areas shall be kept free of permanent or movable structures which block access, of any type (e.g., trash receptacles or compactors).
Parking within or otherwise obstructing a driveway approach or across public sidewalks is prohibited.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.207 Surface and Maintenance of Off-Street Parking Areas

Surfacing. All open off-street parking and loading areas shall be graded and paved or otherwise improved with an all-weather, dustless material, such as asphalt, concrete, asphaltic concrete or other equivalent material unless otherwise approved by the Zoning Administrator.

Maintenance. Entrances to off-street parking surfaces within public right-of-way shall be kept in good condition. Failure to maintain entrances to off-street parking within public right-of-way, including surfaces that are free of potholes and other defects, shall be a violation of this Code and subject to penalty as provided by law.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.101 General Access and Circulation Requirements

Purpose. The purpose of this Division is to promote safe transportation facilities, improved mobility and access, and increased business and/or land value in the City. Access management reduces the potential for accidents and improves travel conditions by minimizing conflicts between through and turning vehicles. Research has shown that accident rates increase consistently with an increase in the density of access points, while accident rates decrease with the implementation of access management standards. Accordingly, access to collector and arterial streets and highways shall be managed according to the standards of this Division.

Degree of Compliance. If the width of a lot or other constraint prevents an individual access from being compliant with Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, then common access shall be provided via joint access and/or cross-access easements according to the standards outline in Subsection G., below. Even if common access does not achieve compliance with Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, it shall be utilized if it creates a wider spacing between access points than would be provided in the absence of common access.

Alternative Access for Corner Lots. Lots that abut intersections of arterial and collector streets and local streets shall take access from the local street if the access meets the corner clearance requirements of Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, and if the access does not necessarily impact single-family detached dwellings.

Timing of Compliance with this Division.

New development, redevelopment, and subdivision shall demonstrate compliance with this Division for each required development approval.
Properties with access connections that do not meet the requirements of this Division shall be brought into compliance to the greatest extent practicable when modifications to the roadway are made or when a change in use results in one or more of the following conditions:
1. Site plan review or subdivision plat is required.
2. The site experiences an increase of 20 percent or greater in peak hour trips or 100 vehicles per hour in the peak hour, whichever is less, as determined by one of the following methods:
  1. An estimation based on the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (latest edition) methodology for typical land uses, or
  2. Traffic counts made at similar traffic generators located in the City, or
  3. Actual traffic monitoring conducted during the peak hour of the adjacent roadway traffic for the property.
If the principal activity on a parcel with access connections, that do not meet the regulations of this Division, is discontinued for a period of one year or more, then upon establishment of any use, the parcel must comply with all applicable access requirements of this Division to the greatest extent practicable.

Application to State Highways. The standards of this Division shall apply equally to streets operated by KDOT upon execution of an agreement between the City and KDOT delegating the access permitting authority to the City. In the absence of such an agreement, KDOT shall retain the responsibility for access permitting on KDOT operated streets and highways.

Driveways.

Nonresidential driveways shall be at least 25 feet wide, but not more than 45 feet wide (at the property line), unless approved by the Director of Public Works, and configured to direct traffic safely into and out of the parcel proposed for development. Such configuration may require median separation between ingress lanes and egress lanes.

Cross-Access Easements.

Generally.
1. Access that is shared by abutting properties, whether under single or separate ownership, shall be preserved using an appropriate legal instrument that is approved by the City Attorney and recorded in the public records of Ellis County at the applicant's expense. The obligation to provide and maintain the cross-access shall run with the land. The recorded book and page number of the legal instrument shall be referenced on any subsequent approved site plans or subdivision plats of the property.
2. If there is an existing shared access for which there is no recorded legal documentation, the shared access shall continue and appropriate legal documentation shall be executed and recorded.
Terms. The City may require that common and cross-access easements include one or more of the following:
1. Sufficient width to accommodate a two-way access between properties, designed to accommodate automobiles and emergency service and loading vehicles.
2. Stub-outs and other design features to allow abutting properties to be tied in to provide future cross access.
3. Linkage to other cross-access drives in the area.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.102 Access Spacing and Corner Clearance

Generally. Access points include streets, alleys, driveways, and marginal access roads. Spacing of access points shall be provided as set out in this Section. In certain circumstances the spacing requirements may be reduced as set out in Section 5.3.104, Modifications of Access Management Requirements.

Measurements. Generally, the requirements of this Section are measured along the edge of the travel way, from the closest edge of pavement of the first access connection to the closest edge of pavement of the second access connection, exclusive of curb returns. This type of spacing is shown in Figure 5.3.102.01, Illustrative Access Spacing and Corner Clearance Measurements, as "spacing, opposite side."

Figure 5.3.102.01
Illustrative Access Spacing and Corner Clearance Measurements

Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street. The minimum access spacing for access points on the same side of the street is set out in Table 5.3.102.01, Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Access Spacing, Opposite Sides of the Street. In order to prevent conflicting left-turn movements, connections on opposite sides of arterial and non-residential collector streets and highways shall be directly opposite each other or offset by a distance of at least 125 feet, unless a median or diverter prevents the potential conflicts.
Corner Clearance.
1. The minimum corner clearance for access points is set out in Table 5.3.102.02, Minimum Corner Clearance (see Figure 5.3.102.02, Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance).
2. The distances that are set out in the table are minimums. Since site and intersection design must be considered on an individual basis, greater clearance lengths may be required by the Director of Public Works, if necessary, to protect public safety.
3. Shared access may be used to meet the requirements of this Section. If the dimensions of an existing lot and the absence of a reasonable opportunity for shared access make compliance with this Subsection impractical, then right-in, right-out access may be permitted at the farthest available point away from the intersection. For example, a fueling station that cannot establish shared access with neighboring properties may be permitted to have two right-in, right-out access points (one on each frontage), provided that they are located as far away from the intersection as possible.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Figure 5.3.102.02
Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Frontage

General. In general, the minimum arterial frontage that is required of newly created or subdivided lots that take direct access from an arterial street or highway shall not be less that that shown in Table 5.3.103, Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage, unless the new lots are combinations of smaller lots or the subdivider provides for common access as set out in Subsection C., below.

Increased Frontage Requirement. A greater lot frontage may be required for driveways greater than 25 feet in width, or development that requires more than one access connection to the arterial street or highway.

Decreased Frontage Alternative. Where subdivision results in lot frontages that are less than Table 5.3.103, Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage:

A common area plan shall be provided during the subdivision process that shows common access locations and dimensions and cross-access connections.
Common access easements and shared access driveways shall be provided, such that the standards of Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, are met.
Legal instruments shall be recorded as set out in Section 5.3.101, General Access and Circulation Requirements, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements.

Table 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage
Posted Speed Limit (mph)	Minimum Lot Frontage (ft.)
≤ 30	225'
35	275'
40	330'
45	385'
≥ 50	450'

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.104 Modifications of Access Management Requirements

Generally. The access management requirements of this Division may be modified according to the standards of this Section.

Reduction of Spacing Requirements. The spacing requirements of Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, may be reduced if an assessment of the individual safety and operational considerations of the proposed connection so justifies, and:

Adequate access connection spacing cannot be achieved, but shared access is established with an abutting property. A shared access agreement shall be required as set out in Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements; or
No other alternatives exist, and construction of the access connection is along the property line farthest from the intersection or closest access point. To provide reasonable access under these conditions, but also the safest operation, consideration should be given to designing the driveway connection to allow only the right-in turning movement or only the right-in / right out turning movements, if feasible. In such case, the applicant shall also demonstrate that:
1. The inability to meet the access spacing requirements was not due to the owner subdividing the property after the effective date of this Code without providing internal access;
2. The abutting landowner refused a request to provide cross-access; and
3. A covenant acceptable to the Director of Public Works to ensure that the connection will be provided and access will be consolidated upon the earlier of:
  1. Approval for development, substantial improvement, or redevelopment, of the abutting property, if providing such connection is a requirement of the development approval; or
  2. The applicant's parcel and the abutting parcel coming under common ownership.

Increase of Spacing Requirements. The City may require greater access spacing if the use will generate significant truck traffic.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.105 Traffic Impact Studies

Generally. New development, redevelopment, changes in use, or expansions to existing development that are likely to result in additional peak hour or daily vehicular trip generation (compared to the existing condition) in excess of the thresholds set out in Subsection B., below, may be required by the Director of Public Works to submit a traffic impact study according to the methodologies set out in Subsection C., below.

Thresholds. Traffic studies may be required when any of the following thresholds may be exceeded on the lot or parcel proposed for development:

Additional average daily trips generated by the development exceed 500 trips per day, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Additional AM and PM peak trips generated by the development exceed 100 trips per hour, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Any residential development that exceeds 150 new dwelling units;
The development is requesting access to an arterial street or state highway;
The development will cause the adjacent street or closest intersection(s) to operate at level of service (LOS) F; or
The adjacent street or closest intersection(s) already operates at LOS F.

Methodologies. Traffic studies shall be prepared by a licensed professional engineer qualified to perform such work.

Updated Traffic Study Required. The Director of Public Works may require an update (amendment) to a previous traffic study or a new study if any of the following thresholds are met:

Changes to the development proposal increases expected trip generation for daily or peak hour trips by more than 15 percent from the original study;
The previous traffic studies are more than two years old, unless the Director of Public Works has determined that the conditions have not significantly changed; or
Location, types, and/or number of access points for the development have changed.

Conditions of Approval. The Planning Commission may condition the approval of proposed development on the maintenance of the level of service standards for streets that will be impacted by the development and may authorize phased development that ties required street, intersection, access, signalization, or other improvements (e.g., additional signage, pavement markings, acceleration/deceleration lanes, etc.) necessary to maintain LOS or improve safety to the timing and level of development proposed for each phase.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.101 General Outdoor Lighting Requirements

Generally. The maximum permitted illumination and the maximum permitted luminaire height shall conform to the standards of this Section.

Fixture Type. (see Figure 5.4.101, Types of Light Fixtures)

Generally, light fixtures shall be "cut-off" fixtures that limit lighting that is visible or measurable at the property line.
"No cut-off" fixtures may be used only for decorative purposes, provided:
1. They have luminaires that produce no more than 1,500 lumens (approximately equal to a 100 watts incandescent bulb); and
2. They have a maximum height of 15 feet.

Figure 5.4.101
Types of Light Fixtures

Cut-off Requirements.
1. Except as otherwise allowed for in this Division, all lighting (including, but not limited to street, parking lot, security, walkway, and building) shall conform with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America ("IES") criteria for full cut-off fixtures, which is 100 percent of light output below 90 degrees, and 90 percent of light output below 80 degrees from a vertical line through the fixture.
2. Lighting fixtures that illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian walkways, signage, or product display areas shall also conform to the full cut-off fixture requirement.
3. All lighting fixtures that are mounted within 15 feet of a residential property line or public right-of-way shall be classified as Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) Type III or Type F (asymmetric forward throw). These fixtures shall be fitted with a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential property line or public right-of-way.
4. Light fixtures used to illuminate flags, statues, or any other objects mounted on a pole, pedestal, or platform shall use a narrow cone beam of light that will not extend beyond the illuminated object.
5. For upward-directed architectural, landscape, and decorative lighting, direct light emissions shall not be visible above the primary building roofline.
Maximum Freestanding Fixture Height. No freestanding light fixture shall be greater than 25 feet in height, except as set out in Section 5.4.102, Outdoor Recreation and Amusement Lighting Requirements.
Maximum Illumination.
1. Outdoor lighting shall be deflected, shaded, and focused away from abutting properties and shall not be a nuisance to such abutting properties.
2. Outdoor lighting shall be designed so that any overspill of lighting onto abutting properties shall not exceed one foot-candle, measured vertically, and one foot-candle, measured horizontally, on abutting properties.
3. The ground-level luminance ratio (the ratio between the luminance of the brightest point on the property and the darkest point on the property) shall not exceed 12 to one.
4. If additional light is necessary, it shall be provided within an enclosed structure.
Canopy Lighting. Canopy lighting for uses that have sheltered outside work or service areas, such as vehicle gas and fueling stations, shall meet the standards of this Section. All luminaires shall be recessed into the canopy so that they cannot be viewed off-site from an eye height of four feet (to protect automobile drivers from glare).
Outside Wall-Mounted Lighting. Outside wall-mounted lighting shall also comply with the standards of this Section, except that lighting that is required by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") shall comply with federal standards.
Prohibited Lighting.
1. Generally. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that is likely to interfere with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares.
2. Prohibitions. The following are prohibited:
  1. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces incident or reflected light that could impair the operator of a motor vehicle;
  2. The installation, use, or maintenance of beacons or searchlights;
  3. Lights that are mounted on the ground or poles for the purpose of illuminating a building facade, except in the C-1, C-2, I-1, and I-2 districts where they are not visible from other districts or public right-of-way; and
  4. Exposed strip lighting or neon tubing used to illuminate building facades or outline buildings or windows or flickering or flashing lights installed in like fashion, except for temporary decorative seasonal lighting.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.102 Outdoor Recreation and Commercial Amusement Lighting Requirements

When Required. Exception approval is required for any lighting fixture or luminaire that:

Exceeds 25 feet in height;
Is brighter than 5,000 lumens (approximately four times the light of a 100 watt incandescent bulb); or
Includes more than three luminaries per pole.

Exception Standards, General. Except for the recreational uses set out in Subsection D., below, lighting may be approved by exception approval if all of the following are demonstrated:

Luminaries are no more than 40 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures that are positioned to prevent glare on public right-of-way and adjacent or abutting residential uses or districts.

The Lighting Plan Results In.

Ground-level illumination of no more than one footcandle; and
A luminance ratio of no more than 12 to one.

Exception Standards, Recreation Fields. Ball diamonds, playing fields, driving ranges, tennis courts, and similar amusement or recreation uses have unique requirements for nighttime visibility and, generally, have limited hours of operation. These uses may meet the following exception standards for approval of lighting:

The site plan meets all other code requirements and, to the maximum extent practicable, lighting is located to avoid shining at residential uses or districts.
Luminaries are no more than 80 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures. The luminaire may have a cut-off angle that extends beyond the property boundaries if:
1. A landscaped bufferyard is provided to prevent light and glare spill-over to abutting residential property. The Planning Commission may require more opaque bufferyards than those in Division 4.1.400, Bufferyards, to achieve this objective.
2. The maximum permitted illumination does not exceed one foot-candle at the residential property line or the street curb, whichever is less.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022

Hays City Zoning Code

CHAPTER 5

Parking, Loading, Access, and Lighting

Sec. 5.1.101 Purpose

The purpose of this Chapter is to ensure that:

Parking:
1. Adequate, durable off-street parking is provided for uses that are permitted by this Code.
2. Off-street parking areas are designed and illuminated to protect the safety of their users.
3. Sufficient parking is provided in nonresidential areas that are near residential neighborhoods, so that the character and quality of life of the residential neighborhoods are protected from overflow parking.
4. Reductions in off-street parking requirements are available to mixed use projects that utilize shared parking arrangements that account for differences in the timing of the peak parking demands of the various uses.
Loading Areas:
1. Adequate loading areas are provided to support the uses to which they relate.
2. Loading areas do not interfere with parking and circulation and do not disturb the use of adjacent properties or of public right-of-way.
Site Access:
1. Adequate access is provided for both vehicular and non-vehicular modes of travel.
2. Access is managed along streets with a functional classification of collector or higher such that traffic safety and mobility is improved.
3. Cross-access is provided between parcels that contain compatible uses to reduce turning movements on adjacent public streets and, thus, improve traffic safety and mobility.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.1.102 Application

Generally. Except as provided in Subsections B.2. and B.3., below, the standards of this Chapter apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
All substantial improvements to existing development.
Any expansion of a building that is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the existing gross floor area, regardless of whether the expansion would otherwise qualify as a "substantial improvement."

Parking Requirements. The numerical parking requirements set out in Section 5.2.102, Required off-Street Parking and Loading Spaces, apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
Changes in the use of existing buildings. However, shopping centers are required only to conform to the standards for shopping centers (provided that parking is not reserved for individual tenants), and a change of any individual use within the center does not require re-assessment of parking demand.
The net new area of any building, structure, or outdoor use that is modified or expanded.

Exemption. By reason of the character and function of the Central Business District (C-3), the off-street parking provisions of this Article do not apply.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.101 Calculation of Required Parking Spaces

Variables for Calculating Required Parking. The variables used for parking calculations are measured as follows:

Per Square Foot (sf.) of Parking Floor Area (PFA). The phrase "per sf. of PFA" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of "parking-related" square feet of floor area put to the use. The "PFA" is 85 percent of the gross floor area, plus (unless otherwise specified) the area of any parts of the parcel proposed for development that are delineated and used in a manner that is comparable in function and intensity of use to the use of the inside of the building (e.g., outdoor dining areas).
Per Dwelling Unit (DU) or Per Bedroom (BR). The phrase "per '#' DU" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of dwelling units. In some cases, the parking requirements are based on the number of bedrooms (per "#" BR unit) in the dwelling units.
Per Bed. The phrase "per bed" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of beds in the facility instead of the number of sleeping rooms or some other measure. Per bed calculations are normally applied to uses that offer residential care or hotels/motels with shared rooms.
Per Full or Part-Time Employee. The phrase "per employee" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of employees during the shift in which the maximum number of employees is present.
Per Seat Capacity. The phrase "per seat" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of seats that are provided for guests (patrons, members, etc.), with benches or pews measured as one seat per each two feet of length; and
Per Square Feet (sf.) of Assembly Area. The phrase "per sf. of assembly area" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of square feet in the largest room used for assembly (e.g., at a school, this is often a gymnasium, but it could also be a theater or lunch room).
Others. Other variables are measured according to their common meanings.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.102 Required Off-Street Parking Spaces

Purpose. The main purpose of this Division is to establish standards ensuring the availability and safe use of parking lots.

Applicability of Division. Excluding the Central Business District (C-3):

All new development and redevelopment shall provide all of the parking spaces required by this Section and shall comply with all other provisions of this Chapter.
Expansions to existing development and changes in use of existing buildings that require additional parking shall provide parking to the extent of the new demand created by the expansion or change in use.
Changes in use of existing buildings that result in a fewer required parking spaces shall not require additional parking spaces.
Except for residential occupancies, developments which require 30 or fewer parking stalls may count towards said requirement up to 15% (rounded up) of on-street parking stalls which are directly adjacent to the property proposed for development. Residential occupancies shall continue to be required to provide off-street parking as required in this Code.

Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home. Required off-street parking for residential and commercial uses of the home and special neighborhood types are set out in Table 5.2.102A, Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

1. Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses. Required off-street parking for institutional, recreation, and amusement uses are set out in Table 5.2.102, Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Commercial Uses. Required off-street parking for commercial uses are set out in Table 5.2.102C, Commercial Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses. Required off-street parking for agriculture, industrial, transportation, utility, and communication uses are set out in Table 5.2.102D, Agriculture, Industrial, Transportation, Utility and Communication Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Uses Not Listed. The Zoning Administrator shall determine the parking requirements for uses that are not listed based on the uses that are most similar to the proposed uses (see Division 2.2.300, Compatibility Standards) or based on parking studies of similar uses that are provided by the applicant and certified by a qualified transportation planner or professional engineer.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.103 Special Studies

Requirements.

The special study shall be conducted by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer at the applicant's expense (determined by the Zoning Administrator).
The special study shall provide:
1. A peak parking analysis of comparable uses.
2. Documentation regarding the comparability of the referenced uses, including name, function, location, gross floor area, parking availability, access to transportation network (including vehicular or other if applicable), use restrictions, and other factors that could affect the parking demand.

Approval of Special Study.

The Zoning Administrator may rely upon the special study or may request one round of additional information or analysis, including, but not limited to, alternative or new data points, or consideration of additional or alternative factors related to comparability or peak demand, as supported by sound transportation planning or traffic engineering principles.
As a condition of approval of a special study, the Zoning Administrator may require that land be reserved or land-banked for additional parking if there is a high probability that the use could change, resulting in a higher demand for parking and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.104 Parking Credits and Reductions

Reduction of Parking or Loading Requirements by Demonstration of Lesser Demand.

The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction in the number of required parking spaces if the applicant demonstrates that a reduction is appropriate based on specific parking demand forecasts for the proposed use, provided that:
1. The forecasts are made by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer and are based upon a peak parking analysis of comparable uses; and
2. The comparability of the uses is documented in detail, which includes their location, gross floor area, street access, use types and restrictions, hours of operation, peak parking demand periods, and all other factors that could affect parking demand.
The City may retain a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer, at the applicant's expense, to review the parking demand forecast and provide recommendations to the City.
The City may rely on the applicant's special study or a special study conducted by an independent qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer.
The Zoning Administrator may require that space be reserved or land-banked for additional parking upon a determination that there is a reasonable likelihood that the use itself or the nature of the use or building could change in a manner that increases its parking demand and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.105 Mixed Use and Shared Parking

Multiply the minimum required parking for each individual use, excluding spaces reserved for use by specified individuals or classes of individuals (e.g., spaces that are either posted "reserved," or secured behind a gate), by the appropriate percentage listed in Table 5.2.105A, Mixed Use and Shared Parking, for each of the designated time periods.
Calculate a sum for all uses for each of the five time periods (columns). The minimum parking requirement is the highest of these sums. Set out in Table 5.2.105B, Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation, is an example of how to calculate shared parking credits.
In general, the maximum reduction allowed shall be no more than 25 percent of the total cumulative spaces required for all uses. However, a greater reduction may be permitted by the Zoning Administrator, provided that:
1. Sufficient land is set aside on-site for each parking space in excess of the 25 percent reduction that is not constructed, so that the spaces may be constructed at a later date should the Zoning Administrator determine that they are necessary; and
2. The property owner executes and records a document that guarantees that the spaces will be constructed on-site upon written order of the Zoning Administrator.

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Shared Parking Among Lots Under Different Ownership. When a shared parking reduction is to be applied to uses on several lots under different ownership, the following shall be provided:
1. A plan that provides for interconnected parking lots;
2. Recorded easements, on a form acceptable to the City Attorney, that provide, at a minimum, for:
  1. Cross-access among the parking areas and connections to allow parking by the different uses anywhere on the connected properties;
  2. Allocation of maintenance responsibilities;
  3. A pedestrian circulation system that connects uses and parking areas, making it easy and convenient for pedestrians to move between uses; and
  4. A right of enforcement by the City.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.106 Bicycle Parking

Generally. Where bicycle parking is provided, this section applies.

One automobile parking space for every six covered bicycle spaces (including spaced within covered bicycle cages); and
One automobile parking space for every two bicycle lockers.

Bicycle Parking Design Standards. If provided, bicycle parking shall be designed with the following characteristics:

The bicycle frame and one wheel can be locked to the rack with a high security, U-shaped lock with both wheels left on the bicycle (designs that only allow one locking point at the wheel are prohibited);
A bicycle that is six feet long can be securely held with its frame supported so that the bicycle cannot be pushed or fall in a manner that will damage the wheel components; and
The racks are securely anchored to a hard surface (see Figure 5.2.106, Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System).

Figure 5.2.106
Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.201 Location of Parking Area

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.202 Parking Space and Module Standards

Dimensions of Standard Parking Spaces. Parking spaces shall have the following dimensions.

Generally: 9 ft. width x 20 ft. standard depth, exclusive of access drives, or aisles, ramps, columns, office or work areas.
90-degree parking spaces that abut curb or edge of pavement (allowing for overhang): 9 ft. width x 18 ft. reduced depth (see Figure 5.2.202A, Parking Space Dimensions), provided there is an area for bumper overhang with a minimum width of six feet.
Parallel (0 degree) parking spaces: 8 ft. width x 20 ft. depth.

Figure 5.2.202A
Parking Space Dimensions

Dimensions of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be dimensioned as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.
Number of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be provided as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines, as amended from time to time. The requirements as of the effective date are set out in Table 5.2.202A, Disabled Parking Requirements; however, in the event of amendment to Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG), ADAAG standards shall control. Disabled parking is included in the total number of required parking spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Parking Space Markings.
1. All standard and disabled parking spaces that are located in parking lots shall be clearly marked.
2. Parking spaces for residential uses that are located in private garages, carports, or individual driveways do not have to be marked. An area on a private residential lot is considered a parking space if:
  1. The area is at least 10 feet by 20 feet in dimension;
  2. The area does not encroach upon a public sidewalk;
  3. The area is improved with an all-weather, dustless material such as asphalt, concrete, asphaltic concrete, or other equivalent material; and
  4. The area is accessible from the street (see Figure 5.2.202B, Private Residential Parking Spaces).

Figure 5.2.202B
Private Residential Parking Spaces

Vertical Clearance. A vertical clearance of not less than eight feet shall be provided over all parking spaces. Additional clearance shall be provided for larger vans, sports utility vehicles, and light trucks that require such clearance if parking demand from such vehicles is anticipated. All parking structure entrances shall include an overhead bar to alert oversized vehicles regarding clearance.
Parking Module Dimensions. Parking modules shall be dimensioned as shown in Table 5.2.202B, Minimum Horizontal Parking Dimensions for Standard Automobiles. The dimensions that are set out in the table are illustrated in Figure 5.2.202C, Parking Module Measurements.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Figure 5.2.202C
Parking Module Measurements

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.203 Circulation

Configuration of Parking Aisles. If one-way parking aisles are utilized, parallel rows of parking shall run in alternating directions and shall intersect with two-way aisles.

Stacking Areas; Vehicular Reservoirs; Drive-Through Lanes.

Stacking areas, vehicular reservoirs, and drive-through lanes shall be configured so that their use does not block ingress to or egress from:
1. Parking spaces;
2. Driveways and access points; and
3. Emergency access lanes.
Stacking lanes shall provide a bypass lane that is not less than 10 feet in width.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.204 Off-Street Loading

Generally. Loading spaces shall be provided as required by this Section and shall be located so as to avoid undue interference with public use of streets, alleys, and sidewalks.

Types of Loading Spaces. Loading spaces shall be a minimum of 10 feet in width by 50 feet in depth with a 14 foot height clearance.

Number of Loading Spaces. The number of loading spaces that must be provided for each land use is set out in Table 5.2.204, Required Loading Spaces.

Table 5.2.204 Required Loading Spaces
Number of Spaces	Gross Floor Area in Square Feet
0	1 to 2,999
1	3,000 to 20,000
2	20,000 to 40,000
3	40,000 to 60,000
4	60,000 to 80,000
5	80,000 to 100,000
Determined by the Planning Commission	100,001 to more

Truck Access. Truck access to loading areas (including loading docks) of a lot or parcel proposed for development shall be designed with access locations and turning radii that meet the following conditions, as applicable, for the type of street from which access is provided and the design of the largest truck that is reasonably expected to use the loading areas:
1. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development do not require the truck to run over infrastructure or landscaping that is not designed for such use; and
2. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development shall not pose a material threat to public safety.
Off-Street Maneuvering Space.
1. Adequate off-street truck maneuvering space shall be provided on lots where truck loading is provided (not within any public street right-of-way or other public lands) so that trucks can maneuver to loading spaces or docking areas. The Zoning Administrator may require that the size and turning radius of the design vehicle be shown on the site plan to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.
2. Use of maneuvering space for loading areas shall not interfere with:
  1. Areas used by passenger vehicles;
  2. Fire lanes or other emergency accessways; or
  3. Access to other loading areas where more than one loading space is provided.
3. At no time shall any part of a truck or van be allowed to extend into a public right-of-way or across a drive entrance or sidewalk while the truck or van is parked or being loaded or unloaded.
Location and Buffering.
1. All loading areas are required to be located on the same lot as the building or lot served by the loading area.
2. Off-street loading facilities shall be designed so as not to interfere with any fire exits or emergency access facilities to either a building or site.
3. Semi-trailer loading spaces and docks shall be located on side or rear buildings elevations that are buffered from view from adjacent properties and public streets.
4. Truck access and loading areas that are located between a principal building and property that is used or zoned for residential purposes shall comply with the following additional standards:
  1. The length of the loading area shall be screened by a bufferyard that has one level more opacity (e.g., from a "Type B" bufferyard to a "Type C" bufferyard, see Section 4.1.403, Bufferyards for Parking Lots and Vehicular Use Areas) than required by the district boundary and contains an eight-foot tall masonry wall; or
  2. The loading area is enclosed by a roof and a wall between the building and the district boundary line (a "loading shed"). The buffer between the loading shed and the district boundary line may be reduced by one level of opacity adjoining the loading shed, and may be the district standard elsewhere.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.205 Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Required Stacking Spaces. All drive-in and drive-through facilities shall provide vehicle stacking in accordance with Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Requirements.

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Design.
1. Stacking lanes shall be clearly marked, and shall not interfere with on-site or off-site traffic circulation.
2. Stacking areas shall not be located between the facade of a building and the public street upon which the building fronts.
3. Stacking lanes shall be designed with an abutting 10-foot wide bypass lane.

Figure 5.2.205
Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Configuration of Stacking Spaces; Required Bypass Lane.
1. No stacking space may occupy any portion of a public right-of-way.
2. The minimum pavement lane width shall be eight feet.
3. Stacking spaces may be used to satisfy off-street parking requirement but may not be used to meet loading space requirements.
4. Stacking lanes shall not interfere with parking spaces, parking aisles, loading spaces, internal site circulation, or points of ingress and egress.
5. A 10-foot bypass lane is required adjacent to the stacking lane to allow vehicles to circumvent the stacking lane.
6. Bypass lane may be eliminated upon zoning administrator approval based upon the site plan review if the applicant can show alternative design for proposed use.
Other Uses. Uses other than those set out in Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces, that propose drive-through service shall provide a number of stacking spaces as approved by the Zoning Administrator, based on a functional comparability to a use that is listed in the Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces.
Reduction of Stacking Requirements.
1. The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction of the stacking requirements of this Section upon demonstration by a qualified traffic engineer that a reduction in the stacking requirements is appropriate for the applicant's proposed use given its proposed intensity or context.
2. Minor deviations of these requirements that reduce the stacking distance by less than one stacking space may be approved by the Zoning Administrator without a demonstration by a licensed traffic engineer if the applicant demonstrates that strict compliance with this Section is impracticable or would lead to a lower quality of site design.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022

Sec. 5.2.206 Use of Parking Facilities

Generally. Required off-street parking spaces shall be available for operable passenger vehicles of the residents, customers, patrons, and employees of the use to which they relate.

Storage.

Parking Spaces and Aisles. Storing materials, boats, campers, recreational vehicles, or inoperable vehicles, or overnight parking of trucks or trailers is prohibited in parking areas of nonresidential and mixed use developments, unless the onsite storage is enclosed and complies with Section 10.2.105, Outdoor Storage and Display of Merchandise.
Loading Spaces. Long-term storage of trailers in loading spaces is prohibited. Such spaces shall be available for routine use by delivery vehicles.

Prohibited Use of Parking Areas.

No designated off-street parking facilities shall be used for perpetual car repairs, display, service, or sales of any good or service unless expressly and specifically approved by the City. However, this Subsection does not apply to single-family detached and single-family attached driveways when they are used for garage sales or for minor repairs to operable licensed and registered, covered (with a fitted tarp that is secured).
No area required by the City for the use of private off-street parking shall be used by any party as a commercial parking lot.

Blocking of Access Prohibited.

Blocking loading spaces or parking spaces is prohibited.
Loading spaces or parking spaces shall not be designed or located in a manner that blocks access to other loading spaces, parking spaces, driving aisles, fire lanes, ingress or egress points, or building entrances.
Parking, loading, and access areas shall be kept free of permanent or movable structures which block access, of any type (e.g., trash receptacles or compactors).
Parking within or otherwise obstructing a driveway approach or across public sidewalks is prohibited.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.207 Surface and Maintenance of Off-Street Parking Areas

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.101 General Access and Circulation Requirements

Timing of Compliance with this Division.

New development, redevelopment, and subdivision shall demonstrate compliance with this Division for each required development approval.
Properties with access connections that do not meet the requirements of this Division shall be brought into compliance to the greatest extent practicable when modifications to the roadway are made or when a change in use results in one or more of the following conditions:
1. Site plan review or subdivision plat is required.
2. The site experiences an increase of 20 percent or greater in peak hour trips or 100 vehicles per hour in the peak hour, whichever is less, as determined by one of the following methods:
  1. An estimation based on the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (latest edition) methodology for typical land uses, or
  2. Traffic counts made at similar traffic generators located in the City, or
  3. Actual traffic monitoring conducted during the peak hour of the adjacent roadway traffic for the property.
If the principal activity on a parcel with access connections, that do not meet the regulations of this Division, is discontinued for a period of one year or more, then upon establishment of any use, the parcel must comply with all applicable access requirements of this Division to the greatest extent practicable.

Driveways.

Nonresidential driveways shall be at least 25 feet wide, but not more than 45 feet wide (at the property line), unless approved by the Director of Public Works, and configured to direct traffic safely into and out of the parcel proposed for development. Such configuration may require median separation between ingress lanes and egress lanes.

Cross-Access Easements.

Generally.
1. Access that is shared by abutting properties, whether under single or separate ownership, shall be preserved using an appropriate legal instrument that is approved by the City Attorney and recorded in the public records of Ellis County at the applicant's expense. The obligation to provide and maintain the cross-access shall run with the land. The recorded book and page number of the legal instrument shall be referenced on any subsequent approved site plans or subdivision plats of the property.
2. If there is an existing shared access for which there is no recorded legal documentation, the shared access shall continue and appropriate legal documentation shall be executed and recorded.
Terms. The City may require that common and cross-access easements include one or more of the following:
1. Sufficient width to accommodate a two-way access between properties, designed to accommodate automobiles and emergency service and loading vehicles.
2. Stub-outs and other design features to allow abutting properties to be tied in to provide future cross access.
3. Linkage to other cross-access drives in the area.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.102 Access Spacing and Corner Clearance

Figure 5.3.102.01
Illustrative Access Spacing and Corner Clearance Measurements

Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street. The minimum access spacing for access points on the same side of the street is set out in Table 5.3.102.01, Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Access Spacing, Opposite Sides of the Street. In order to prevent conflicting left-turn movements, connections on opposite sides of arterial and non-residential collector streets and highways shall be directly opposite each other or offset by a distance of at least 125 feet, unless a median or diverter prevents the potential conflicts.
Corner Clearance.
1. The minimum corner clearance for access points is set out in Table 5.3.102.02, Minimum Corner Clearance (see Figure 5.3.102.02, Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance).
2. The distances that are set out in the table are minimums. Since site and intersection design must be considered on an individual basis, greater clearance lengths may be required by the Director of Public Works, if necessary, to protect public safety.
3. Shared access may be used to meet the requirements of this Section. If the dimensions of an existing lot and the absence of a reasonable opportunity for shared access make compliance with this Subsection impractical, then right-in, right-out access may be permitted at the farthest available point away from the intersection. For example, a fueling station that cannot establish shared access with neighboring properties may be permitted to have two right-in, right-out access points (one on each frontage), provided that they are located as far away from the intersection as possible.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Figure 5.3.102.02
Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Frontage

Decreased Frontage Alternative. Where subdivision results in lot frontages that are less than Table 5.3.103, Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage:

A common area plan shall be provided during the subdivision process that shows common access locations and dimensions and cross-access connections.
Common access easements and shared access driveways shall be provided, such that the standards of Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, are met.
Legal instruments shall be recorded as set out in Section 5.3.101, General Access and Circulation Requirements, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements.

Table 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage
Posted Speed Limit (mph)	Minimum Lot Frontage (ft.)
≤ 30	225'
35	275'
40	330'
45	385'
≥ 50	450'

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.104 Modifications of Access Management Requirements

Generally. The access management requirements of this Division may be modified according to the standards of this Section.

Adequate access connection spacing cannot be achieved, but shared access is established with an abutting property. A shared access agreement shall be required as set out in Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements; or
No other alternatives exist, and construction of the access connection is along the property line farthest from the intersection or closest access point. To provide reasonable access under these conditions, but also the safest operation, consideration should be given to designing the driveway connection to allow only the right-in turning movement or only the right-in / right out turning movements, if feasible. In such case, the applicant shall also demonstrate that:
1. The inability to meet the access spacing requirements was not due to the owner subdividing the property after the effective date of this Code without providing internal access;
2. The abutting landowner refused a request to provide cross-access; and
3. A covenant acceptable to the Director of Public Works to ensure that the connection will be provided and access will be consolidated upon the earlier of:
  1. Approval for development, substantial improvement, or redevelopment, of the abutting property, if providing such connection is a requirement of the development approval; or
  2. The applicant's parcel and the abutting parcel coming under common ownership.

Increase of Spacing Requirements. The City may require greater access spacing if the use will generate significant truck traffic.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.105 Traffic Impact Studies

Thresholds. Traffic studies may be required when any of the following thresholds may be exceeded on the lot or parcel proposed for development:

Additional average daily trips generated by the development exceed 500 trips per day, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Additional AM and PM peak trips generated by the development exceed 100 trips per hour, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Any residential development that exceeds 150 new dwelling units;
The development is requesting access to an arterial street or state highway;
The development will cause the adjacent street or closest intersection(s) to operate at level of service (LOS) F; or
The adjacent street or closest intersection(s) already operates at LOS F.

Methodologies. Traffic studies shall be prepared by a licensed professional engineer qualified to perform such work.

Updated Traffic Study Required. The Director of Public Works may require an update (amendment) to a previous traffic study or a new study if any of the following thresholds are met:

Changes to the development proposal increases expected trip generation for daily or peak hour trips by more than 15 percent from the original study;
The previous traffic studies are more than two years old, unless the Director of Public Works has determined that the conditions have not significantly changed; or
Location, types, and/or number of access points for the development have changed.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.101 General Outdoor Lighting Requirements

Generally. The maximum permitted illumination and the maximum permitted luminaire height shall conform to the standards of this Section.

Fixture Type. (see Figure 5.4.101, Types of Light Fixtures)

Generally, light fixtures shall be "cut-off" fixtures that limit lighting that is visible or measurable at the property line.
"No cut-off" fixtures may be used only for decorative purposes, provided:
1. They have luminaires that produce no more than 1,500 lumens (approximately equal to a 100 watts incandescent bulb); and
2. They have a maximum height of 15 feet.

Figure 5.4.101
Types of Light Fixtures

Cut-off Requirements.
1. Except as otherwise allowed for in this Division, all lighting (including, but not limited to street, parking lot, security, walkway, and building) shall conform with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America ("IES") criteria for full cut-off fixtures, which is 100 percent of light output below 90 degrees, and 90 percent of light output below 80 degrees from a vertical line through the fixture.
2. Lighting fixtures that illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian walkways, signage, or product display areas shall also conform to the full cut-off fixture requirement.
3. All lighting fixtures that are mounted within 15 feet of a residential property line or public right-of-way shall be classified as Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) Type III or Type F (asymmetric forward throw). These fixtures shall be fitted with a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential property line or public right-of-way.
4. Light fixtures used to illuminate flags, statues, or any other objects mounted on a pole, pedestal, or platform shall use a narrow cone beam of light that will not extend beyond the illuminated object.
5. For upward-directed architectural, landscape, and decorative lighting, direct light emissions shall not be visible above the primary building roofline.
Maximum Freestanding Fixture Height. No freestanding light fixture shall be greater than 25 feet in height, except as set out in Section 5.4.102, Outdoor Recreation and Amusement Lighting Requirements.
Maximum Illumination.
1. Outdoor lighting shall be deflected, shaded, and focused away from abutting properties and shall not be a nuisance to such abutting properties.
2. Outdoor lighting shall be designed so that any overspill of lighting onto abutting properties shall not exceed one foot-candle, measured vertically, and one foot-candle, measured horizontally, on abutting properties.
3. The ground-level luminance ratio (the ratio between the luminance of the brightest point on the property and the darkest point on the property) shall not exceed 12 to one.
4. If additional light is necessary, it shall be provided within an enclosed structure.
Canopy Lighting. Canopy lighting for uses that have sheltered outside work or service areas, such as vehicle gas and fueling stations, shall meet the standards of this Section. All luminaires shall be recessed into the canopy so that they cannot be viewed off-site from an eye height of four feet (to protect automobile drivers from glare).
Outside Wall-Mounted Lighting. Outside wall-mounted lighting shall also comply with the standards of this Section, except that lighting that is required by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") shall comply with federal standards.
Prohibited Lighting.
1. Generally. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that is likely to interfere with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares.
2. Prohibitions. The following are prohibited:
  1. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces incident or reflected light that could impair the operator of a motor vehicle;
  2. The installation, use, or maintenance of beacons or searchlights;
  3. Lights that are mounted on the ground or poles for the purpose of illuminating a building facade, except in the C-1, C-2, I-1, and I-2 districts where they are not visible from other districts or public right-of-way; and
  4. Exposed strip lighting or neon tubing used to illuminate building facades or outline buildings or windows or flickering or flashing lights installed in like fashion, except for temporary decorative seasonal lighting.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.102 Outdoor Recreation and Commercial Amusement Lighting Requirements

When Required. Exception approval is required for any lighting fixture or luminaire that:

Exceeds 25 feet in height;
Is brighter than 5,000 lumens (approximately four times the light of a 100 watt incandescent bulb); or
Includes more than three luminaries per pole.

Exception Standards, General. Except for the recreational uses set out in Subsection D., below, lighting may be approved by exception approval if all of the following are demonstrated:

Luminaries are no more than 40 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures that are positioned to prevent glare on public right-of-way and adjacent or abutting residential uses or districts.

The Lighting Plan Results In.

Ground-level illumination of no more than one footcandle; and
A luminance ratio of no more than 12 to one.

The site plan meets all other code requirements and, to the maximum extent practicable, lighting is located to avoid shining at residential uses or districts.
Luminaries are no more than 80 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures. The luminaire may have a cut-off angle that extends beyond the property boundaries if:
1. A landscaped bufferyard is provided to prevent light and glare spill-over to abutting residential property. The Planning Commission may require more opaque bufferyards than those in Division 4.1.400, Bufferyards, to achieve this objective.
2. The maximum permitted illumination does not exceed one foot-candle at the residential property line or the street curb, whichever is less.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022

Hays City Zoning Code

CHAPTER 5

Parking, Loading, Access, and Lighting

Sec. 5.1.101 Purpose

The purpose of this Chapter is to ensure that:

Parking:
1. Adequate, durable off-street parking is provided for uses that are permitted by this Code.
2. Off-street parking areas are designed and illuminated to protect the safety of their users.
3. Sufficient parking is provided in nonresidential areas that are near residential neighborhoods, so that the character and quality of life of the residential neighborhoods are protected from overflow parking.
4. Reductions in off-street parking requirements are available to mixed use projects that utilize shared parking arrangements that account for differences in the timing of the peak parking demands of the various uses.
Loading Areas:
1. Adequate loading areas are provided to support the uses to which they relate.
2. Loading areas do not interfere with parking and circulation and do not disturb the use of adjacent properties or of public right-of-way.
Site Access:
1. Adequate access is provided for both vehicular and non-vehicular modes of travel.
2. Access is managed along streets with a functional classification of collector or higher such that traffic safety and mobility is improved.
3. Cross-access is provided between parcels that contain compatible uses to reduce turning movements on adjacent public streets and, thus, improve traffic safety and mobility.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.1.102 Application

Generally. Except as provided in Subsections B.2. and B.3., below, the standards of this Chapter apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
All substantial improvements to existing development.
Any expansion of a building that is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the existing gross floor area, regardless of whether the expansion would otherwise qualify as a "substantial improvement."

Parking Requirements. The numerical parking requirements set out in Section 5.2.102, Required off-Street Parking and Loading Spaces, apply to:

All redevelopment and new development.
Changes in the use of existing buildings. However, shopping centers are required only to conform to the standards for shopping centers (provided that parking is not reserved for individual tenants), and a change of any individual use within the center does not require re-assessment of parking demand.
The net new area of any building, structure, or outdoor use that is modified or expanded.

Exemption. By reason of the character and function of the Central Business District (C-3), the off-street parking provisions of this Article do not apply.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.101 Calculation of Required Parking Spaces

Variables for Calculating Required Parking. The variables used for parking calculations are measured as follows:

Per Square Foot (sf.) of Parking Floor Area (PFA). The phrase "per sf. of PFA" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of "parking-related" square feet of floor area put to the use. The "PFA" is 85 percent of the gross floor area, plus (unless otherwise specified) the area of any parts of the parcel proposed for development that are delineated and used in a manner that is comparable in function and intensity of use to the use of the inside of the building (e.g., outdoor dining areas).
Per Dwelling Unit (DU) or Per Bedroom (BR). The phrase "per '#' DU" means that the number of parking spaces is calculated based on the number of dwelling units. In some cases, the parking requirements are based on the number of bedrooms (per "#" BR unit) in the dwelling units.
Per Bed. The phrase "per bed" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of beds in the facility instead of the number of sleeping rooms or some other measure. Per bed calculations are normally applied to uses that offer residential care or hotels/motels with shared rooms.
Per Full or Part-Time Employee. The phrase "per employee" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of employees during the shift in which the maximum number of employees is present.
Per Seat Capacity. The phrase "per seat" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of seats that are provided for guests (patrons, members, etc.), with benches or pews measured as one seat per each two feet of length; and
Per Square Feet (sf.) of Assembly Area. The phrase "per sf. of assembly area" means that the number of parking spaces is based on the number of square feet in the largest room used for assembly (e.g., at a school, this is often a gymnasium, but it could also be a theater or lunch room).
Others. Other variables are measured according to their common meanings.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.102 Required Off-Street Parking Spaces

Purpose. The main purpose of this Division is to establish standards ensuring the availability and safe use of parking lots.

Applicability of Division. Excluding the Central Business District (C-3):

All new development and redevelopment shall provide all of the parking spaces required by this Section and shall comply with all other provisions of this Chapter.
Expansions to existing development and changes in use of existing buildings that require additional parking shall provide parking to the extent of the new demand created by the expansion or change in use.
Changes in use of existing buildings that result in a fewer required parking spaces shall not require additional parking spaces.
Except for residential occupancies, developments which require 30 or fewer parking stalls may count towards said requirement up to 15% (rounded up) of on-street parking stalls which are directly adjacent to the property proposed for development. Residential occupancies shall continue to be required to provide off-street parking as required in this Code.

Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home. Required off-street parking for residential and commercial uses of the home and special neighborhood types are set out in Table 5.2.102A, Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

Table 5.2.102A Residential and Commercial Uses of the Home Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Residential Uses (Housing Types)
Single-Family Detached
- Single-Family Detached	2 spaces per du.
- Manufactured Home	2 spaces per du.
- Modular Home	2 spaces per du.
Single-Family Attached
- Duplex	2 spaces per du.
- Triplex	2 spaces per du.
- Townhouse	2 spaces per du.
- Live-Work Unit	3 spaces per du.
Multi-Family
- Apartment	1.5 spaces for efficiency unit and 1 BR; 2 spaces per du for 2 BR +
- Dormitories, fraternities, sororities	2 parking spaces for each 3 occupants
- Mixed Use Lofts	1 space per BR (including those used by residents and guests; additional spaces for the dwelling unit are not required)
Neighborhood Types
Standard Residential Neighborhood	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Planned Development	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Mixed Use	Individual spaces as set out residential uses above
Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision	Individual spaces as set out above
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Park	1 space per RV pad (not including RV space) + 2 visitor spaces for each 5 recreational vehicle spaces
Commercial Uses of the Home
Child-Care Facility, Family Day Care Home	1 space per each 3 children on the premises at any one time + 1 space per each provider, staff member, or employee on duty at any one time
Child-Care Facility, Group Day Care Home	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Child-Care Facility, Youth Residential	Greater of: 1 space per 3 rooms or 1 space per BR
Home Occupations	No additional parking required
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit BR = Bedroom

1. Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses. Required off-street parking for institutional, recreation, and amusement uses are set out in Table 5.2.102, Institutional, Recreation and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102B Institutional, Recreation, and Amusement Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Institutional Uses
Assisted Living Facility	1 space per 3 du's; if not configured as individual du's OR 1 space per each employee + 1 space for each 4 beds
Cemetery or Mausoleum	Greater of: sum of 1 space per 100 sf. of indoor assembly space + 3 spaces per 1,000 sf. of office floor area; or 20 spaces per acre of grave sites
College/University/Vocational School	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Funeral Home/Mortuary/Funeral Chapel/Crematory	1 space per 4 seats + 1 space per employee and each vehicle maintained on-site
Government and Public Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Group Day Care Center	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Hospitals	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Library	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Medical Office / Clinic / Medical Lab	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Museum	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Non-Profit Institutions	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Nursing / Convalescent Home	1 space per 5 beds + 1 space per 1 employee on the largest shift
Places of Public Assembly (event facilities; meeting halls; private clubs; lodges; places of worship)	Greater of 1 space per 200 sf. PFA or 1 space for each 3.5 seats
Schools, Private	2 spaces per each classroom
Schools, Public	2 spaces per each classroom
Recreation and Amusement Uses
Campground	1 space per camp site + 1 space per 10 camp sites
Commercial Amusement, Indoor	6 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Commercial Amusement, Outdoor	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Golf Course	3 spaces per hole + 3 spaces per 4 driving range stations (if applicable)
Recreation and Fitness, Indoor	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Recreation and Fitness, Outdoor	Greater of: 1 space per each 5 persons seat capacity + 1 space per each 4 seats; or 1 space per each 30 sf. PFA
Table Notes: DU = Dwelling Unit PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Commercial Uses. Required off-street parking for commercial uses are set out in Table 5.2.102C, Commercial Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

Table 5.2.102C Commercial Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Commercial Uses
Alcohol Beverage Sales	Onsite consumption: 1 space per 75 sf. PFA Offsite consumption: 1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Animal Grooming Facilities	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Large Animal	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Animal Boarding or Veterinarian Services, Small Animal	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Drinking Establishment	1 space per 75 sf. PFA
Drive-In, Drive-Through Facility	1 space per 75 sf. PFA; minimum 10 spaces
Farmers' Market	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per each 2 vendors; minimum 10 spaces
Grocery Store	1 space per 200 sf.
Heavy Retail	1 space per 400 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. outdoor sales and display area
Hotel/Motel	1 space per guest room + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of meeting rooms, ballrooms, administrative offices, and areas used for self-service breakfast for guests only + 75% of parking requirements for integrated restaurants and bars that are open to the public
Mixed Use	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Nursery / Greenhouse, Retail	1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office or sales floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery area
Office, General	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Parking Lot, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Parking Structure, Stand Alone	Based on uses in this Section or by Special Study ( see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Pawn Shop	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Personal Services	4 spaces per 1,000 sf. PFA
Restaurant	Greater of 1 space per each 200 sf. PFA; or 1 space per each 4 seats
Retail Sales and Services	1 space per 200 sf. PFA
Showrooms	2 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and repair areas
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Station	1 space per 250 sf. PFA
Vehicle Sales, Rental, and Service	1 space per employee on maximum shift + 3 spaces per service bay or fueling stall + 1 space per 125 sf. PFA of convenience store floor area
Vehicle Wash	3 holding spaces per vehicle wash stall + 2 drying spaces per vehicle wash stall
Table Notes: PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Feet

1. Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses. Required off-street parking for agriculture, industrial, transportation, utility, and communication uses are set out in Table 5.2.102D, Agriculture, Industrial, Transportation, Utility and Communication Uses Parking Requirements.

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Table 5.2.102D Agriculture, Industrial, Utility, Transportation, and Communication Uses Parking Requirements
Use	Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Agriculture, General
Agriculture, General	N/A
Farming Equipment Sales and Service	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space; plus one space per 600 sf. of showroom and one space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor equipment display area
Farm Stand	1 space per 300 sf. PFA; minimum 5 spaces
Horse Riding Stables and Academies (including private)	1 space per 6 stalls
Nursery / Greenhouse, Wholesale	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office or sale floor area + 1 space per 5,000 sf. of outdoor nursery
Industrial
Commercial Retail, Heavy (building supply)	1 space per 250 sf. PFA + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of outdoor sales or display area
Heavy Truck or Recreational Vehicle Sales, Service, and Repair	1 space per 500 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 1,000 sf. of showroom and 1 space per 3,000 sf. of outdoor equipment or vehicle display area
Landfill	1.25 spaces per disposal vehicle
Light Industry	1 space per 500 sf. PFA
Manufacturing and Fabrication	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Manufacturing and Storage (bulk oil, gas, and explosives)	4 spaces per 10,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space per 2 employees on the largest shift
Oil / Gas Operations (exploration and extraction)	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Petroleum Refining and Fuel Storage	1 space per employee on the largest shift
Recycling Collection Facility	1 space per 1,000 sf. PFA facility
Researching and Testing Laboratories	1 space per 300 sf. PFA
Storage, Flammable Materials or Substances	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Storage, Self	1 space per 25 storage units + 1 space per 300 sf. PFA of office space
Storage Yard	Greater of 1 space per 300 sf. PFA or 1 space per 3,000 sf. of storage yard
Vehicle Repairs and Service, Heavy	1 space per 400 sf. PFA of office space + 1 space per 600 sf. of showroom and 1 space per each 5,000 sf. outdoor vehicle display area
Vehicle Wrecking and Salvage Yard; Junkyard	1 space per employee + 1 space for each 10,00 sf. of storage area
Warehousing and Distribution	4 spaces per 5,000 sf. of PFA + 1 space over each additional 5,000 sf. PFA
Wholesale Services	1 space per 400 sf. PFA
Transportation Uses
Airport	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Helistop	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Railroad Yard	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Stop (bus and taxi)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Transportation Terminal (rail and truck)	1 space for each 2 employees on shift + 1 space for each vehicle maintained on premises
Utility Uses
Power Generation, Small-Scale (renewable, noncombustible)	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Power Generation, Utility Scale	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Public Utilities	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
Substations (electrical and telephone)	1 space
Wireless Telecommunication Facility (WTF)/Communication Uses
Radio and Television Studios	Special Study (see Section 5.2.103, Special Studies)
WTF, Attached	1 space per each free standing facility (may be grass pavers)
WTF, Freestanding Non-Stealth	2 spaces per tower
WTF, Freestanding Stealth	2 spaces per tower
Table Notes: N/A = Not Applicable PFA = Per Square Foot of Parking Floor Area SF = Square Footage

Uses Not Listed. The Zoning Administrator shall determine the parking requirements for uses that are not listed based on the uses that are most similar to the proposed uses (see Division 2.2.300, Compatibility Standards) or based on parking studies of similar uses that are provided by the applicant and certified by a qualified transportation planner or professional engineer.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.103 Special Studies

Requirements.

The special study shall be conducted by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer at the applicant's expense (determined by the Zoning Administrator).
The special study shall provide:
1. A peak parking analysis of comparable uses.
2. Documentation regarding the comparability of the referenced uses, including name, function, location, gross floor area, parking availability, access to transportation network (including vehicular or other if applicable), use restrictions, and other factors that could affect the parking demand.

Approval of Special Study.

The Zoning Administrator may rely upon the special study or may request one round of additional information or analysis, including, but not limited to, alternative or new data points, or consideration of additional or alternative factors related to comparability or peak demand, as supported by sound transportation planning or traffic engineering principles.
As a condition of approval of a special study, the Zoning Administrator may require that land be reserved or land-banked for additional parking if there is a high probability that the use could change, resulting in a higher demand for parking and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.104 Parking Credits and Reductions

Reduction of Parking or Loading Requirements by Demonstration of Lesser Demand.

The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction in the number of required parking spaces if the applicant demonstrates that a reduction is appropriate based on specific parking demand forecasts for the proposed use, provided that:
1. The forecasts are made by a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer and are based upon a peak parking analysis of comparable uses; and
2. The comparability of the uses is documented in detail, which includes their location, gross floor area, street access, use types and restrictions, hours of operation, peak parking demand periods, and all other factors that could affect parking demand.
The City may retain a qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer, at the applicant's expense, to review the parking demand forecast and provide recommendations to the City.
The City may rely on the applicant's special study or a special study conducted by an independent qualified transportation planner or traffic engineer.
The Zoning Administrator may require that space be reserved or land-banked for additional parking upon a determination that there is a reasonable likelihood that the use itself or the nature of the use or building could change in a manner that increases its parking demand and a need for additional spaces.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.105 Mixed Use and Shared Parking

Multiply the minimum required parking for each individual use, excluding spaces reserved for use by specified individuals or classes of individuals (e.g., spaces that are either posted "reserved," or secured behind a gate), by the appropriate percentage listed in Table 5.2.105A, Mixed Use and Shared Parking, for each of the designated time periods.
Calculate a sum for all uses for each of the five time periods (columns). The minimum parking requirement is the highest of these sums. Set out in Table 5.2.105B, Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation, is an example of how to calculate shared parking credits.
In general, the maximum reduction allowed shall be no more than 25 percent of the total cumulative spaces required for all uses. However, a greater reduction may be permitted by the Zoning Administrator, provided that:
1. Sufficient land is set aside on-site for each parking space in excess of the 25 percent reduction that is not constructed, so that the spaces may be constructed at a later date should the Zoning Administrator determine that they are necessary; and
2. The property owner executes and records a document that guarantees that the spaces will be constructed on-site upon written order of the Zoning Administrator.

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105A Mixed Use and Shared Parking
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 8 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (5 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential	100%	60%	90%	80%	90%
Office	5%	100%	10%	10%	5%
Retail / Commercial	5%	70%	90%	100%	70%
Hotels/Motels	80%	80%	100%	50%	100%
Restaurant	10%	50%	100%	50%	100%
Entertainment	10%	40%	100%	80%	100%
All Others	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Table 5.2.105B Illustrative Shared Parking Credit Calculation
EXAMPLE: A mixed use building in a standard development has 50, 2-bedroom residences, 50,000 square feet of general office space, and 50,000 square feet of retail space. Separately, these uses would require 450 parking spaces ((50 sp. x 2 sp. / unit) + (50,000 sf. x (3 sp. / 1,000 sf.)) + (50,000 sf. x (1 sp. / 250 sf.)) = 450). However, combined, they could share 350 parking spaces.
Use	Weekday			Weekend
Use	Night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)	Day (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)	Evening (6 p.m. to 12 a.m.)
Residential 100 spaces	100% x 100 = 100	60% x 100 = 60	90% x 100 = 90	80% x 100 = 80	90% x 100 = 90
Office 150 spaces	5% x 150 = 8	100% x 150 = 150	10% x 150 = 15	10% x 150 = 15	5% x 150 = 8
Retail / Commercial 200 spaces	5% x 200 = 10	70% x 200 = 140	90% x 200 = 180	100% x 200 = 200	70% x 200 =140
Hotels/Motels	80% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Restaurant	10% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	50% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
Entertainment	10% x 0 = 0	40% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	80% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
All Others	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0	100% x 0 = 0
COLUMN TOTALS	118	350	285	295	238
TABLE NOTE: The largest number, 350, is the number of parking spaces that are required. This example is a 22 percent reduction compared to the cumulative parking of the individual uses.

Shared Parking Among Lots Under Different Ownership. When a shared parking reduction is to be applied to uses on several lots under different ownership, the following shall be provided:
1. A plan that provides for interconnected parking lots;
2. Recorded easements, on a form acceptable to the City Attorney, that provide, at a minimum, for:
  1. Cross-access among the parking areas and connections to allow parking by the different uses anywhere on the connected properties;
  2. Allocation of maintenance responsibilities;
  3. A pedestrian circulation system that connects uses and parking areas, making it easy and convenient for pedestrians to move between uses; and
  4. A right of enforcement by the City.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.106 Bicycle Parking

Generally. Where bicycle parking is provided, this section applies.

One automobile parking space for every six covered bicycle spaces (including spaced within covered bicycle cages); and
One automobile parking space for every two bicycle lockers.

Bicycle Parking Design Standards. If provided, bicycle parking shall be designed with the following characteristics:

The bicycle frame and one wheel can be locked to the rack with a high security, U-shaped lock with both wheels left on the bicycle (designs that only allow one locking point at the wheel are prohibited);
A bicycle that is six feet long can be securely held with its frame supported so that the bicycle cannot be pushed or fall in a manner that will damage the wheel components; and
The racks are securely anchored to a hard surface (see Figure 5.2.106, Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System).

Figure 5.2.106
Illustrative Permitted Bicycle Parking System

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.201 Location of Parking Area

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.202 Parking Space and Module Standards

Dimensions of Standard Parking Spaces. Parking spaces shall have the following dimensions.

Generally: 9 ft. width x 20 ft. standard depth, exclusive of access drives, or aisles, ramps, columns, office or work areas.
90-degree parking spaces that abut curb or edge of pavement (allowing for overhang): 9 ft. width x 18 ft. reduced depth (see Figure 5.2.202A, Parking Space Dimensions), provided there is an area for bumper overhang with a minimum width of six feet.
Parallel (0 degree) parking spaces: 8 ft. width x 20 ft. depth.

Figure 5.2.202A
Parking Space Dimensions

Dimensions of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be dimensioned as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.
Number of Disabled Parking Spaces. Disabled parking spaces shall be provided as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines, as amended from time to time. The requirements as of the effective date are set out in Table 5.2.202A, Disabled Parking Requirements; however, in the event of amendment to Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG), ADAAG standards shall control. Disabled parking is included in the total number of required parking spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Table 5.2.202A Disabled Parking Requirements
Number of Required Parking Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces	Number of Disabled Spaces that Must be Van Accessible¹
1 to 25	1	1
26 to 50	2	1
51 to 75	3	1
76 to 100	4	1
101 to 150	5	1
151 to 200	6	1
201 to 300	7	1
301 to 400	8	1
401 to 500	9	2
501 to 1000	2 percent of total	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
1001 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000	1 out of 8 disabled parking spaces, rounded up
TABLE NOTE: Van accessible spaces are counted as disabled parking spaces and are not an additional requirement. Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requirements also provide for "universal spaces" which eliminate the need for designated van accessible spaces.

Parking Space Markings.
1. All standard and disabled parking spaces that are located in parking lots shall be clearly marked.
2. Parking spaces for residential uses that are located in private garages, carports, or individual driveways do not have to be marked. An area on a private residential lot is considered a parking space if:
  1. The area is at least 10 feet by 20 feet in dimension;
  2. The area does not encroach upon a public sidewalk;
  3. The area is improved with an all-weather, dustless material such as asphalt, concrete, asphaltic concrete, or other equivalent material; and
  4. The area is accessible from the street (see Figure 5.2.202B, Private Residential Parking Spaces).

Figure 5.2.202B
Private Residential Parking Spaces

Vertical Clearance. A vertical clearance of not less than eight feet shall be provided over all parking spaces. Additional clearance shall be provided for larger vans, sports utility vehicles, and light trucks that require such clearance if parking demand from such vehicles is anticipated. All parking structure entrances shall include an overhead bar to alert oversized vehicles regarding clearance.
Parking Module Dimensions. Parking modules shall be dimensioned as shown in Table 5.2.202B, Minimum Horizontal Parking Dimensions for Standard Automobiles. The dimensions that are set out in the table are illustrated in Figure 5.2.202C, Parking Module Measurements.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Table 5.2.202B Parking Module Dimensions
Measurement¹	Parking Space Angle (Degrees)
Measurement¹	0 / Parallel Parking	45	60	90
One Stall Row, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	8 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft. 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	21 ft. 2 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	34 ft. 5 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, One-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	13 ft. 2 in.	13 ft 10 in.	15 ft. 6 in.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	29 ft. 2 in.	54 ft. 11 in.	59 ft. 2 in.	64 ft.
One Stall Row, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	9 ft.	20 ft. 7 in.	21 ft. 11 in.	20 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	31 ft. 3 in.	40 ft. 7 in.	43 ft. 11 in.	44 ft.
Two Stall Rows, Two-Way Aisle
Stall Row Depth	16 ft.	41 ft. 1 in.	43 ft. 8 in.	40 ft.
Drive Aisle Width	23 ft. 3 in.	20 ft.	22 ft.	24 ft.
Minimum Module Width (row & aisle)	39 ft. 3 in.	61 ft.1 in.	65 ft. 8 in.	64 ft.
Table Notes: Refer to Subsection A., above, for the minimum stall width.

Figure 5.2.202C
Parking Module Measurements

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.203 Circulation

Configuration of Parking Aisles. If one-way parking aisles are utilized, parallel rows of parking shall run in alternating directions and shall intersect with two-way aisles.

Stacking Areas; Vehicular Reservoirs; Drive-Through Lanes.

Stacking areas, vehicular reservoirs, and drive-through lanes shall be configured so that their use does not block ingress to or egress from:
1. Parking spaces;
2. Driveways and access points; and
3. Emergency access lanes.
Stacking lanes shall provide a bypass lane that is not less than 10 feet in width.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.204 Off-Street Loading

Generally. Loading spaces shall be provided as required by this Section and shall be located so as to avoid undue interference with public use of streets, alleys, and sidewalks.

Types of Loading Spaces. Loading spaces shall be a minimum of 10 feet in width by 50 feet in depth with a 14 foot height clearance.

Number of Loading Spaces. The number of loading spaces that must be provided for each land use is set out in Table 5.2.204, Required Loading Spaces.

Table 5.2.204 Required Loading Spaces
Number of Spaces	Gross Floor Area in Square Feet
0	1 to 2,999
1	3,000 to 20,000
2	20,000 to 40,000
3	40,000 to 60,000
4	60,000 to 80,000
5	80,000 to 100,000
Determined by the Planning Commission	100,001 to more

Truck Access. Truck access to loading areas (including loading docks) of a lot or parcel proposed for development shall be designed with access locations and turning radii that meet the following conditions, as applicable, for the type of street from which access is provided and the design of the largest truck that is reasonably expected to use the loading areas:
1. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development do not require the truck to run over infrastructure or landscaping that is not designed for such use; and
2. The turning movements of trucks into and out of the lot or parcel proposed for development shall not pose a material threat to public safety.
Off-Street Maneuvering Space.
1. Adequate off-street truck maneuvering space shall be provided on lots where truck loading is provided (not within any public street right-of-way or other public lands) so that trucks can maneuver to loading spaces or docking areas. The Zoning Administrator may require that the size and turning radius of the design vehicle be shown on the site plan to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.
2. Use of maneuvering space for loading areas shall not interfere with:
  1. Areas used by passenger vehicles;
  2. Fire lanes or other emergency accessways; or
  3. Access to other loading areas where more than one loading space is provided.
3. At no time shall any part of a truck or van be allowed to extend into a public right-of-way or across a drive entrance or sidewalk while the truck or van is parked or being loaded or unloaded.
Location and Buffering.
1. All loading areas are required to be located on the same lot as the building or lot served by the loading area.
2. Off-street loading facilities shall be designed so as not to interfere with any fire exits or emergency access facilities to either a building or site.
3. Semi-trailer loading spaces and docks shall be located on side or rear buildings elevations that are buffered from view from adjacent properties and public streets.
4. Truck access and loading areas that are located between a principal building and property that is used or zoned for residential purposes shall comply with the following additional standards:
  1. The length of the loading area shall be screened by a bufferyard that has one level more opacity (e.g., from a "Type B" bufferyard to a "Type C" bufferyard, see Section 4.1.403, Bufferyards for Parking Lots and Vehicular Use Areas) than required by the district boundary and contains an eight-foot tall masonry wall; or
  2. The loading area is enclosed by a roof and a wall between the building and the district boundary line (a "loading shed"). The buffer between the loading shed and the district boundary line may be reduced by one level of opacity adjoining the loading shed, and may be the district standard elsewhere.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.205 Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Required Stacking Spaces. All drive-in and drive-through facilities shall provide vehicle stacking in accordance with Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Requirements.

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Table 5.2.205 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces
Use with Drive-Through	Stacking Requirement
Restaurants, Fast Food	four vehicles behind menu board four vehicles behind first window two vehicles behind second window, including position at second window (see Figure 5.2.205, Illustrative Stacking Requirements)
Financial Institutions	For single drive-through lane: six vehicles For multiple drive-through lanes: four vehicles per window/kiosk For ATMs: three vehicles per window/kiosk
Pharmacies	four vehicles per drive-through station
Convenience Stores	four vehicles per drive-through station
Dry Cleaners	two vehicles per drive-through station, including position at window
Vehicle Wash	For automatic washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For self-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit For full-service washes: two vehicles per bay at entrance; two vehicles per bay at exit
Vehicle Gas and Fueling Stations	two vehicles per fuel pump
Gated Parking Lots	two vehicles per gate
Public Uses	two vehicles per window/kiosk

Design.
1. Stacking lanes shall be clearly marked, and shall not interfere with on-site or off-site traffic circulation.
2. Stacking areas shall not be located between the facade of a building and the public street upon which the building fronts.
3. Stacking lanes shall be designed with an abutting 10-foot wide bypass lane.

Figure 5.2.205
Vehicle Stacking Requirements

Configuration of Stacking Spaces; Required Bypass Lane.
1. No stacking space may occupy any portion of a public right-of-way.
2. The minimum pavement lane width shall be eight feet.
3. Stacking spaces may be used to satisfy off-street parking requirement but may not be used to meet loading space requirements.
4. Stacking lanes shall not interfere with parking spaces, parking aisles, loading spaces, internal site circulation, or points of ingress and egress.
5. A 10-foot bypass lane is required adjacent to the stacking lane to allow vehicles to circumvent the stacking lane.
6. Bypass lane may be eliminated upon zoning administrator approval based upon the site plan review if the applicant can show alternative design for proposed use.
Other Uses. Uses other than those set out in Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces, that propose drive-through service shall provide a number of stacking spaces as approved by the Zoning Administrator, based on a functional comparability to a use that is listed in the Table 5.2.205, Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces.
Reduction of Stacking Requirements.
1. The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction of the stacking requirements of this Section upon demonstration by a qualified traffic engineer that a reduction in the stacking requirements is appropriate for the applicant's proposed use given its proposed intensity or context.
2. Minor deviations of these requirements that reduce the stacking distance by less than one stacking space may be approved by the Zoning Administrator without a demonstration by a licensed traffic engineer if the applicant demonstrates that strict compliance with this Section is impracticable or would lead to a lower quality of site design.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022

Sec. 5.2.206 Use of Parking Facilities

Generally. Required off-street parking spaces shall be available for operable passenger vehicles of the residents, customers, patrons, and employees of the use to which they relate.

Storage.

Parking Spaces and Aisles. Storing materials, boats, campers, recreational vehicles, or inoperable vehicles, or overnight parking of trucks or trailers is prohibited in parking areas of nonresidential and mixed use developments, unless the onsite storage is enclosed and complies with Section 10.2.105, Outdoor Storage and Display of Merchandise.
Loading Spaces. Long-term storage of trailers in loading spaces is prohibited. Such spaces shall be available for routine use by delivery vehicles.

Prohibited Use of Parking Areas.

No designated off-street parking facilities shall be used for perpetual car repairs, display, service, or sales of any good or service unless expressly and specifically approved by the City. However, this Subsection does not apply to single-family detached and single-family attached driveways when they are used for garage sales or for minor repairs to operable licensed and registered, covered (with a fitted tarp that is secured).
No area required by the City for the use of private off-street parking shall be used by any party as a commercial parking lot.

Blocking of Access Prohibited.

Blocking loading spaces or parking spaces is prohibited.
Loading spaces or parking spaces shall not be designed or located in a manner that blocks access to other loading spaces, parking spaces, driving aisles, fire lanes, ingress or egress points, or building entrances.
Parking, loading, and access areas shall be kept free of permanent or movable structures which block access, of any type (e.g., trash receptacles or compactors).
Parking within or otherwise obstructing a driveway approach or across public sidewalks is prohibited.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.2.207 Surface and Maintenance of Off-Street Parking Areas

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.101 General Access and Circulation Requirements

Timing of Compliance with this Division.

New development, redevelopment, and subdivision shall demonstrate compliance with this Division for each required development approval.
Properties with access connections that do not meet the requirements of this Division shall be brought into compliance to the greatest extent practicable when modifications to the roadway are made or when a change in use results in one or more of the following conditions:
1. Site plan review or subdivision plat is required.
2. The site experiences an increase of 20 percent or greater in peak hour trips or 100 vehicles per hour in the peak hour, whichever is less, as determined by one of the following methods:
  1. An estimation based on the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (latest edition) methodology for typical land uses, or
  2. Traffic counts made at similar traffic generators located in the City, or
  3. Actual traffic monitoring conducted during the peak hour of the adjacent roadway traffic for the property.
If the principal activity on a parcel with access connections, that do not meet the regulations of this Division, is discontinued for a period of one year or more, then upon establishment of any use, the parcel must comply with all applicable access requirements of this Division to the greatest extent practicable.

Driveways.

Nonresidential driveways shall be at least 25 feet wide, but not more than 45 feet wide (at the property line), unless approved by the Director of Public Works, and configured to direct traffic safely into and out of the parcel proposed for development. Such configuration may require median separation between ingress lanes and egress lanes.

Cross-Access Easements.

Generally.
1. Access that is shared by abutting properties, whether under single or separate ownership, shall be preserved using an appropriate legal instrument that is approved by the City Attorney and recorded in the public records of Ellis County at the applicant's expense. The obligation to provide and maintain the cross-access shall run with the land. The recorded book and page number of the legal instrument shall be referenced on any subsequent approved site plans or subdivision plats of the property.
2. If there is an existing shared access for which there is no recorded legal documentation, the shared access shall continue and appropriate legal documentation shall be executed and recorded.
Terms. The City may require that common and cross-access easements include one or more of the following:
1. Sufficient width to accommodate a two-way access between properties, designed to accommodate automobiles and emergency service and loading vehicles.
2. Stub-outs and other design features to allow abutting properties to be tied in to provide future cross access.
3. Linkage to other cross-access drives in the area.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.102 Access Spacing and Corner Clearance

Figure 5.3.102.01
Illustrative Access Spacing and Corner Clearance Measurements

Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street. The minimum access spacing for access points on the same side of the street is set out in Table 5.3.102.01, Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Table 5.3.102.01 Access Spacing, Same Side of the Street
Street Classification	Minor Residential	Collector	Arterial
Posted Speed Limit	any	any	<30	<35	<40	<45	<50
Access serves residential land use	20 ft.	40 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.
Access serves nonresidential, public / institutional, or mixed use land use	40 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft,
Access serves industrial land use	60 ft.	200 ft.	200 ft.	250 ft.	300 ft.	360 ft.	425 ft.

Access Spacing, Opposite Sides of the Street. In order to prevent conflicting left-turn movements, connections on opposite sides of arterial and non-residential collector streets and highways shall be directly opposite each other or offset by a distance of at least 125 feet, unless a median or diverter prevents the potential conflicts.
Corner Clearance.
1. The minimum corner clearance for access points is set out in Table 5.3.102.02, Minimum Corner Clearance (see Figure 5.3.102.02, Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance).
2. The distances that are set out in the table are minimums. Since site and intersection design must be considered on an individual basis, greater clearance lengths may be required by the Director of Public Works, if necessary, to protect public safety.
3. Shared access may be used to meet the requirements of this Section. If the dimensions of an existing lot and the absence of a reasonable opportunity for shared access make compliance with this Subsection impractical, then right-in, right-out access may be permitted at the farthest available point away from the intersection. For example, a fueling station that cannot establish shared access with neighboring properties may be permitted to have two right-in, right-out access points (one on each frontage), provided that they are located as far away from the intersection as possible.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Table 5.3.102.02 Minimum Corner Clearance
Intersecting Street Classification		Minimum Corner Clearance for Access Points on
Street A	Street B	Street A	Street B
Residential Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	40 ft.	40 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	40 ft.	50 ft.¹
Collector	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.²	75 ft.¹
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.²	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.²	125 ft.²
Commercial and Industrial Driveways
Minor Residential	Minor Residential	50 ft.	50 ft.
Minor Residential	Collector	50 ft.	50 ft.
Collector	Collector	75 ft.	75 ft.
Arterial	Minor Residential	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Collector	125 ft.³	75 ft.
Arterial	Arterial	125 ft.³	125 ft.³
TABLE NOTES: ¹ Note that single-family detached and duplex driveways are generally not allowed on this street classification. This standard applies to access to other types of residential development. ² An area for stacking vehicles at ingress points to multi-family development may be required by the Director of Public Works to prevent disruption of traffic flow on the arterial street. ³ A variance is required for corner lots with arterial street frontage where the required corner clearance cannot be met as a result of the lot width or depth.

Figure 5.3.102.02
Illustrative Minimum Corner Clearance

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Frontage

Decreased Frontage Alternative. Where subdivision results in lot frontages that are less than Table 5.3.103, Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage:

A common area plan shall be provided during the subdivision process that shows common access locations and dimensions and cross-access connections.
Common access easements and shared access driveways shall be provided, such that the standards of Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, are met.
Legal instruments shall be recorded as set out in Section 5.3.101, General Access and Circulation Requirements, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements.

Table 5.3.103 Minimum Arterial Lot Frontage
Posted Speed Limit (mph)	Minimum Lot Frontage (ft.)
≤ 30	225'
35	275'
40	330'
45	385'
≥ 50	450'

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.104 Modifications of Access Management Requirements

Generally. The access management requirements of this Division may be modified according to the standards of this Section.

Adequate access connection spacing cannot be achieved, but shared access is established with an abutting property. A shared access agreement shall be required as set out in Section 5.3.102, Access Spacing and Corner Clearance, Subsection G., Cross-Access Easements; or
No other alternatives exist, and construction of the access connection is along the property line farthest from the intersection or closest access point. To provide reasonable access under these conditions, but also the safest operation, consideration should be given to designing the driveway connection to allow only the right-in turning movement or only the right-in / right out turning movements, if feasible. In such case, the applicant shall also demonstrate that:
1. The inability to meet the access spacing requirements was not due to the owner subdividing the property after the effective date of this Code without providing internal access;
2. The abutting landowner refused a request to provide cross-access; and
3. A covenant acceptable to the Director of Public Works to ensure that the connection will be provided and access will be consolidated upon the earlier of:
  1. Approval for development, substantial improvement, or redevelopment, of the abutting property, if providing such connection is a requirement of the development approval; or
  2. The applicant's parcel and the abutting parcel coming under common ownership.

Increase of Spacing Requirements. The City may require greater access spacing if the use will generate significant truck traffic.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.3.105 Traffic Impact Studies

Thresholds. Traffic studies may be required when any of the following thresholds may be exceeded on the lot or parcel proposed for development:

Additional average daily trips generated by the development exceed 500 trips per day, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Additional AM and PM peak trips generated by the development exceed 100 trips per hour, as determined by the Director of Public Works;
Any residential development that exceeds 150 new dwelling units;
The development is requesting access to an arterial street or state highway;
The development will cause the adjacent street or closest intersection(s) to operate at level of service (LOS) F; or
The adjacent street or closest intersection(s) already operates at LOS F.

Methodologies. Traffic studies shall be prepared by a licensed professional engineer qualified to perform such work.

Updated Traffic Study Required. The Director of Public Works may require an update (amendment) to a previous traffic study or a new study if any of the following thresholds are met:

Changes to the development proposal increases expected trip generation for daily or peak hour trips by more than 15 percent from the original study;
The previous traffic studies are more than two years old, unless the Director of Public Works has determined that the conditions have not significantly changed; or
Location, types, and/or number of access points for the development have changed.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.101 General Outdoor Lighting Requirements

Generally. The maximum permitted illumination and the maximum permitted luminaire height shall conform to the standards of this Section.

Fixture Type. (see Figure 5.4.101, Types of Light Fixtures)

Generally, light fixtures shall be "cut-off" fixtures that limit lighting that is visible or measurable at the property line.
"No cut-off" fixtures may be used only for decorative purposes, provided:
1. They have luminaires that produce no more than 1,500 lumens (approximately equal to a 100 watts incandescent bulb); and
2. They have a maximum height of 15 feet.

Figure 5.4.101
Types of Light Fixtures

Cut-off Requirements.
1. Except as otherwise allowed for in this Division, all lighting (including, but not limited to street, parking lot, security, walkway, and building) shall conform with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America ("IES") criteria for full cut-off fixtures, which is 100 percent of light output below 90 degrees, and 90 percent of light output below 80 degrees from a vertical line through the fixture.
2. Lighting fixtures that illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian walkways, signage, or product display areas shall also conform to the full cut-off fixture requirement.
3. All lighting fixtures that are mounted within 15 feet of a residential property line or public right-of-way shall be classified as Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) Type III or Type F (asymmetric forward throw). These fixtures shall be fitted with a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential property line or public right-of-way.
4. Light fixtures used to illuminate flags, statues, or any other objects mounted on a pole, pedestal, or platform shall use a narrow cone beam of light that will not extend beyond the illuminated object.
5. For upward-directed architectural, landscape, and decorative lighting, direct light emissions shall not be visible above the primary building roofline.
Maximum Freestanding Fixture Height. No freestanding light fixture shall be greater than 25 feet in height, except as set out in Section 5.4.102, Outdoor Recreation and Amusement Lighting Requirements.
Maximum Illumination.
1. Outdoor lighting shall be deflected, shaded, and focused away from abutting properties and shall not be a nuisance to such abutting properties.
2. Outdoor lighting shall be designed so that any overspill of lighting onto abutting properties shall not exceed one foot-candle, measured vertically, and one foot-candle, measured horizontally, on abutting properties.
3. The ground-level luminance ratio (the ratio between the luminance of the brightest point on the property and the darkest point on the property) shall not exceed 12 to one.
4. If additional light is necessary, it shall be provided within an enclosed structure.
Canopy Lighting. Canopy lighting for uses that have sheltered outside work or service areas, such as vehicle gas and fueling stations, shall meet the standards of this Section. All luminaires shall be recessed into the canopy so that they cannot be viewed off-site from an eye height of four feet (to protect automobile drivers from glare).
Outside Wall-Mounted Lighting. Outside wall-mounted lighting shall also comply with the standards of this Section, except that lighting that is required by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") shall comply with federal standards.
Prohibited Lighting.
1. Generally. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that is likely to interfere with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares.
2. Prohibitions. The following are prohibited:
  1. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces incident or reflected light that could impair the operator of a motor vehicle;
  2. The installation, use, or maintenance of beacons or searchlights;
  3. Lights that are mounted on the ground or poles for the purpose of illuminating a building facade, except in the C-1, C-2, I-1, and I-2 districts where they are not visible from other districts or public right-of-way; and
  4. Exposed strip lighting or neon tubing used to illuminate building facades or outline buildings or windows or flickering or flashing lights installed in like fashion, except for temporary decorative seasonal lighting.

Effective on: 8/31/2016

Sec. 5.4.102 Outdoor Recreation and Commercial Amusement Lighting Requirements

When Required. Exception approval is required for any lighting fixture or luminaire that:

Exceeds 25 feet in height;
Is brighter than 5,000 lumens (approximately four times the light of a 100 watt incandescent bulb); or
Includes more than three luminaries per pole.

Exception Standards, General. Except for the recreational uses set out in Subsection D., below, lighting may be approved by exception approval if all of the following are demonstrated:

Luminaries are no more than 40 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures that are positioned to prevent glare on public right-of-way and adjacent or abutting residential uses or districts.

The Lighting Plan Results In.

Ground-level illumination of no more than one footcandle; and
A luminance ratio of no more than 12 to one.

The site plan meets all other code requirements and, to the maximum extent practicable, lighting is located to avoid shining at residential uses or districts.
Luminaries are no more than 80 feet above grade.
The light sources are full cut-off fixtures. The luminaire may have a cut-off angle that extends beyond the property boundaries if:
1. A landscaped bufferyard is provided to prevent light and glare spill-over to abutting residential property. The Planning Commission may require more opaque bufferyards than those in Division 4.1.400, Bufferyards, to achieve this objective.
2. The maximum permitted illumination does not exceed one foot-candle at the residential property line or the street curb, whichever is less.

(Ord. No. 4012, § 1, 7-14-2022)

Effective on: 7/14/2022