Unless specifically exempted or superseded by other provisions of this title, the regulations of this article apply to all parking spaces, stacking spaces, aisles, and drives in all zones, whether required by this code or put in for the convenience of property owners or users. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   The use of required off street parking is reserved for vehicle parking. Other uses of a required parking area are not permitted, except as approved for a temporary use. (See chapter 4, article D of this title.)

   B.   Unless otherwise exempted, motor vehicles must be parked on an improved surface, as specified in this article.

   C.   The storage of merchandise, materials, equipment, refuse containers, obsolete or junk vehicles or the major repair of vehicles in required off street parking and stacking spaces is prohibited.

   D.   Except for the purpose of making local deliveries, vehicles designed for the shipment of detonable or flammable solids, liquids or gases may not be parked or stored in any residential zone.

   E.   Commercial vehicles more than seven and one-half feet (71/2') in height may not be stored in any residential zone. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Purpose: Certain areas and zones of the city are subject to a limit on the amount of parking provided due to a desire to foster compact, pedestrian oriented areas close to the downtown, the university, and in neighborhood commercial areas adjacent to residential neighborhoods. The maximum parking standards are a tool to prevent the development of excess parking capacity on a site. Limiting the amount of land devoted to parking will make additional land available for building area, open space, pedestrian amenities, and other productive uses and will reduce stormwater runoff and protect water quality by limiting the amount of impervious surface on a site. To further that goal, off street parking in the central business district is generally provided in municipally owned parking facilities, rather than in private surface lots or structures. Providing conveniently located public parking facilities reserves land in the downtown for more intensive commercial and civic uses and prevents large surface parking lots from damaging the pedestrian friendly character of the central business district.

   B.   CN-1 Zone: In the CN-1 zone, the number of parking spaces provided may not exceed one hundred ten percent (110%) of the number of parking spaces required, except if granted a special exception to exceed this limit by the board of adjustment. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   C.   CB-5 Zone: (Rep. by Ord. 14-4586, 6-3-2014)

   D.   CB-10 Zone:

      1.   Off street parking is not required for any use, except household living uses, as specified in section 14-5A-4, table 5A-1 of this article.

      2.   Private, off street parking is permitted only after approval of a special exception, except for hospitality oriented retail uses and household living uses as specified in the following subsections.

      3.   Hospitality oriented uses are allowed up to one and one-fourth (11/4) parking spaces for each guestroom and parking spaces equal to one-third (1/3) the occupant load of any meeting or convention facilities without going through the special exception process. Any parking spaces allowed under this maximum must meet the standards specified in subsections D5b through D5e of this section. Any parking spaces requested beyond this maximum must be approved by the board of adjustment as a special exception and meet all of the approval criteria listed in subsection D5 of this section. (Ord. 08-4326, 12-22-2008)

      4.   Household living uses must provide parking according to section 14-5A-4, table 5A-1 of this article. The parking must meet the standards specified in subsections D5b through D5e of this section. If there is practical difficulty providing the required parking for household living uses on site, off site parking for household living uses may be approved according to the provisions of subsection 14-5A-4F, "Alternatives To Minimum Parking Requirements", of this article. (Ord. 14-4586, 6-3-2014)

      5.   In addition to the general special exception approval criteria specified in chapter 4, article B of this title, applications for a special exception for private off street parking in the CB-10 zone must meet the following specific approval criteria:

         a.   The applicant must demonstrate through a parking demand analysis that the number of parking spaces requested does not exceed the demand for parking for the specific building or project proposed and that the parking demand cannot be satisfied through the public parking system. Short term parking demand is preferred to be satisfied through the public parking system.

         b.   Surface parking is not permitted.

         c.   Underground parking is preferred over aboveground structured parking. The design of any underground parking must not detract from or prevent active building uses on the ground level floor of the building. To that end, the ceiling height of any underground parking level may not extend more than one foot (1') above the level of the adjacent sidewalk. On sloping building sites and for existing buildings, the city may adjust this requirement. However, on sloping sites at least a portion of the ground level floor height of any new building must be located no more than one foot (1') above the level of the abutting sidewalk or pedestrian plaza; and the floor height of the ground level floor of the building must be no more than three feet (3') above the level of the abutting public sidewalk or pedestrian plaza at any point along a street-facing building facade.

         d.   Aboveground structured parking may be approved only by special exception according to the standards in subsection D5e of this section.

         e.   Where parking is located within the exterior walls of a building, the following standards apply: (Ord. 08-4326, 12-22-2008)

            (1)   The proposed structured parking will not detract from or prevent ground floor storefront uses. Structured parking may be permitted on the ground level floor of a building, provided that a substantial portion of the ground level floor of the building is reserved for and built to accommodate storefront uses. On the ground level floor of the building, parking is not allowed within the first fifty feet (50') of building depth as measured from the front building line. The board of adjustment may reduce this storefront depth requirement if the applicant demonstrates that conditions on the subject property create a practical difficulty in achieving full compliance. In such a case, the applicant must demonstrate that the resulting alternative storefront space, both the interior and exterior, will be of a quality in both design and materials that will enhance the commercial character of the central business district. To mitigate for loss of ground floor commercial space, the board may also require additional quality commercial space be included on an upper floor or mezzanine level and said space be reserved for nonresidential uses. (Ord. 11-4450, 10-18-2011)

            (2)   Vehicular access to parking within buildings must be from a rear alley or private rear lane, whenever feasible. Garage openings along the primary street frontage are not permitted if access is feasible from another street or from a rear alley, private street or private rear lane. If there is no other feasible alternative, a garage opening may be allowed along the primary street frontage, if the board determines that the opening(s) will not detract from or unduly interrupt pedestrian flow along the street and traffic and pedestrian safety will not be compromised. Garage openings shall be built to the minimum width necessary for access.

            (3)   Any exterior walls of a parking facility that are visible from a public or private street must appear to be a component of the facade of the building through the use of building materials, window openings and facade detailing that is similar or complementary to the design of the building.

            (4)   Each entrance and exit to the parking area must be constructed so that vehicles entering or leaving the parking area are clearly visible to a pedestrian on any abutting sidewalk at a distance of not less than ten feet (10'). Stop signs and appropriate pedestrian warning signs may be required. (Ord. 08-4326, 12-22-2008)

   A.   Purpose: The minimum parking requirements are intended to ensure that enough off street parking is provided to accommodate most of the demand for parking generated by the range of uses that might locate at a site over time, particularly in areas where sufficient on street parking is not available. The minimum parking requirements are also intended to ensure that enough parking is provided on a site to prevent parking for nonresidential uses from encroaching into adjacent residential neighborhoods.

   B.   Minimum Requirements:

      1.   Table 5A-2 of this section lists the minimum parking requirements and minimum bicycle parking requirements for the land use or uses on properties in all zones except the CB-5, CB-10, Eastside Mixed Use and Riverfront Crossings Zones. For some land uses, the minimum parking requirements differ based on the zone in which the property is located.

      2.   For properties located within the Downtown Planning District, zoned CB-5 and, in part, Historic District Overlay, the bicycle parking requirement shall be 1.25 spaces per dwelling unit. For such properties, there shall be no vehicular parking requirement. Except for the preceding, table 5A-1 of this section lists the minimum parking requirements and minimum bicycle parking requirements for all other properties within the CB-5 and CB-10 Zones, where parking is only required for household living uses.

      3.   Table 5A-3 of this section lists the minimum parking requirements and minimum bicycle parking requirement for properties zoned Riverfront Crossings and Eastside Mixed Use. Affordable housing dwelling units provided in accordance with section 14-2G-8 of this title shall not be required to provide parking, and are therefore exempt from the minimum parking requirement calculation for the respective Riverfront Crossings zoning classification.

      4.   In the CB-10 Zone, off street parking must meet the standards specified in subsection 14-5A-3D of this article.

   C.   Parking For Persons With Disabilities: Where a use is required to provide accessibility for persons with disabilities, the number and design of such parking spaces must be in accordance with State of Iowa Administrative Code, 661 IAC 18, parking for persons with disabilities, as amended.

   D.   Rules For Computing Minimum Parking Requirements:

      1.   Where a fractional space results, the number of parking and stacking spaces actually required will be the closest whole number, with a half space rounded down.

      2.   Any use that is nonconforming with regard to the number of required parking spaces is subject to the applicable provisions of chapter 4, article E, "Nonconforming Situations", of this title.

      3.   In the case of mixed uses, the number of parking and stacking spaces required is equal to the sum of the requirements for the various uses computed separately, except for shopping centers, as specified in table 5A-2 of this section, and for reductions allowed under subsection F, "Alternatives To Minimum Parking Requirements", of this section.

      4.   When the parking requirement is based on the number of residents or occupants, the number of residents or occupants shall be based on the maximum occupancy of the use as determined by the City.

   E.   Rules For Computing Bicycle Parking Requirements:

      1.   In tables 5A-1 and 5A-2 of this section, the minimum bicycle parking requirements are expressed as a certain number of spaces per dwelling unit or as a percentage of the required number of vehicle parking spaces. In table 5A-3 of this section, the minimum bicycle parking requirements are expressed as a certain number of spaces per dwelling unit or per resident or, in the case of nonresidential uses, as a ratio based on the floor area of the proposed use. When expressed as a number of spaces per resident, the number of residents shall be based on the maximum occupancy of the use as determined by the City.

      2.   In all cases where bicycle parking is required, a minimum of four (4) spaces shall be provided.

      3.   After the first fifty (50) bicycle parking spaces are provided, additional spaces are required at fifty percent (50%) of the number required by this section.

      4.   Where the expected need for bicycle parking for a particular use is uncertain due to unknown or unusual operating characteristics of the use or due to a location that is difficult to access by bicycle, the building official may authorize that the construction of up to fifty percent (50%) of the required bicycle parking spaces be deferred. The land area required for the deferred bicycle parking spaces must be maintained in reserve. If an enforcement official of the City determines at some point in the future that the additional parking spaces are needed, the property owner will be required to install the parking in the reserved area. The owner of the property on which the bicycle parking area is reserved must properly execute, sign, and record a written agreement that is binding upon their successors and assigns as a covenant running with the land that assures the installation of bicycle parking within the reserved area by the owner if so ordered by an enforcement official of the City.

 

 

 

   F.   Alternatives To Minimum Parking Requirements:

      1.   Off Site Parking On Private Property: Off street parking may be located on a separate lot from the use served according to the following rules. When the proposed off site parking is located in a residential zone or CB-10 Zone, or is intended for a use located in the CB-10 Zone, the Board of Adjustment may grant a special exception for the proposed parking, provided the conditions contained in subsections F1a through F1f of this section are met. When the proposed off site parking is located in the Eastside Mixed Use District, a Riverfront Crossings Zone, an industrial zone, research zone, or commercial zone, except the CB-10 Zone, the Director of Neighborhood and Development Services may approve the proposed parking, provided the conditions contained in subsections F1a through F1f of this section are met.

         a.   Special Location Plan: A special location plan must be submitted with the application for off site parking. The location plan must include a map indicating the proposed location of the off site parking, the location of the use or uses served by the parking, and the distance and proposed walking route between the parking and the use(s) served. The map must be drawn to scale and include property boundaries, including boundaries of any intervening properties. In addition, documentation must be submitted providing evidence deemed necessary to comply with the requirements herein.

         b.   Location Of Off Site Parking:

            (1)   In residential, commercial zones, Eastside Mixed Use District, and Riverfront Crossings Zones, any proposed off site parking space must be located within three hundred feet (300') from an entrance to the use served.

            (2)   In industrial and research zones, any proposed off site parking space must be located within six hundred feet (600') from an entrance to the use served.

         c.   Zoning: Off site parking spaces must be located in the same zone as the principal use(s) served, or located as follows:

            (1)   In a multi-family zone serving a use located in a different multi-family zone, Eastside Mixed Use District, or in the MU Zone or vice versa.

            (2)   In a commercial zone serving a use located in a different commercial zone, industrial zone, Eastside Mixed Use District, or Riverfront Crossings Zone.

            (3)   In an industrial zone serving a use located in a different industrial zone or commercial zone.

            (4)   In a Riverfront Crossings Zone serving a use located in a different Riverfront Crossings Zone or commercial zone.

         d.   Shared Use Of Off Site Parking: Where two (2) or more uses will jointly use the proposed off site parking, the number of parking spaces shall equal the sum of off street parking spaces required, as indicated in tables 5A-1, 5A-2, and 5A-3 of this section, except for reductions approved under the provisions of subsection F2, "Allowed Reductions For Shared On Site Parking", of this section.

         e.   Approval Criteria: In assessing a special location plan for off site parking, the Board of Adjustment or Director of Neighborhood and Development Services, as applicable, will consider the desirability of the proposed off street parking and stacking spaces location; pedestrian and vehicular traffic safety; any detrimental effects on adjacent property; the appearance of the streetscape as a consequence of the off street parking; and, in the case of nonrequired parking, the need for additional off street parking.

         f.   Covenant For Off Site Parking: A written agreement between the property owners must be submitted with the application for off site parking. The agreement must assure the retention of the parking and stacking spaces, aisles and drives and be binding upon their successors and assigns. The agreement must provide that it cannot be released, and its terms and conditions cannot be modified in any manner whatsoever, without prior written consent and approval from the City. The written agreement must be reviewed and approved by the City Attorney. Upon approval of the off site parking, the applicant shall provide evidence to the building official confirming that the agreement has been properly executed and has been recorded as a covenant running with the land before issuance of a building permit.

      2.   Minor Modification For Parking Reduction For Shared On Site Parking: The building official, in consultation with the Director of Neighborhood and Development Services, may approve a minor modification as specified in section 14-4B-1 of this title to reduce the total number of parking spaces required by up to fifty percent (50%) if the uses sharing the parking are not normally open, used, or operated during the same hours. To qualify for a reduction under this provision, a parking demand analysis must be submitted that provides evidence that the amount of parking proposed for the shared parking area will be sufficient to meet the parking demand. This reduction is not allowed for residential uses.

      3.   Minor Modification For Parking Reduction in Commercial Zones: The building official, in consultation with the Director of Neighborhood and Development Services, may approve a minor modification as specified in 14-4B-1 of this title to reduce the total number of parking spaces required by up to fifty percent (50%) if it meets the following standards:

         a.   It must be in a CB-2, CB-5, CC-2, CN-1, CO-1, or MU zone;

         b.   Buildings must be limited to a footprint of 5,000 square feet;

         c.   A parking demand analysis must be submitted that provides evidence that the amount of parking proposed will be sufficient to meet the parking demand, which depending on the complexity of the site, may require an engineered study, as determined by staff; and

         d.   The proposed development must not result in the demolition of a property that is designated as an Iowa City landmark, registered in the National Register of Historic Places, or individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.

      4.   Affordable Housing Parking Reduction: Affordable Housing dwelling units allowed and regulated pursuant to Article 14-4F shall be exempt from providing the minimum number of parking spaces otherwise required by the zoning code.

      5.   Minor Modification for Commercial Use Parking Reductions. The number of required parking spaces for commercial uses may be reduced up to ten percent (10%).

      6.   Downtown And Riverfront Crossings Parking District: For qualifying development as set forth below, the number of required on site parking spaces may be reduced in order to facilitate said development according to the provisions of this subsection.

         a.   Qualifying Development: To qualify for a parking reduction under this subsection, the proposed development:

            (1)   Must be located in the downtown and Riverfront Crossings parking district;

            (2)   Must not result in the demolition of a property that is designated as an Iowa City landmark, registered on the National Register of Historic Places, or individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places; and

            (3)   Must include uses, elements or features that further housing, economic development, or other goals of the comprehensive plan, including the downtown and Riverfront Crossings master plan.

         b.   Parking District Boundaries: Properties described below shall be considered part of the Downtown and Riverfront Crossings Parking District:

            (1)   Properties located within the area bounded by Burlington Street on the south, Van Buren Street on the east, Iowa Avenue on the north, and Capitol Street on the west. For purposes of this subsection, this area shall be referred to as the Central Business District; and

            (2)   Properties zoned South Downtown Subdistrict (RFC-SD), University Subdistrict (RFC-U), and Central Crossings Subdistrict (RFC-CX) that are located north of the Iowa Interstate rail line.

         c.   Reduction Of The On Site Parking Requirement:

            (1)   For qualifying development, the off street parking requirement may be reduced by up to fifty percent (50%), provided a fee is paid in lieu based on the number of parking spaces that would otherwise have to be provided.

            (2)   For qualifying development where it is infeasible to provide at least fifty percent (50%) of the required parking on site due to specific qualifying site constraints as noted below, a developer may request a special exception to reduce the parking requirement by up to one hundred percent (100%), provided a fee is paid in lieu of each parking space not provided on site and the following review and approval criteria are met. The Board of Adjustment will review such a request according to the following approval criteria:

               (A)   Convincing evidence has been presented that it is not feasible to provide at least fifty percent (50%) of the required residential parking on site due to a lack of alley access, a lot width narrower than sixty feet (60'), a lot orientation that makes it infeasible to provide on site parking and meet storefront depth requirements of the zone, or other unique circumstance; and

               (B)   The proposed project will be designed in a manner that is sensitive and complementary to adjacent properties designated as Iowa City landmarks, registered on the National Register of Historic Places, or individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. See subsection 14-3C-3C, “Design Review Guidelines”, of this title for guidance on the factors to be considered to comply with this standard. This standard is not intended to impose any particular architectural style, but rather to foster a harmonious rhythm and proportion of building elements along a street frontage and ensure that differences in mass and scale are mitigated through facade articulation and upper story stepbacks; and

               (C)   The proposed project will be designed in a manner that will contribute to the pedestrian oriented, urban character of central Iowa City as envisioned in the downtown and riverfront crossings master plan.

         d.   Payment Of Fee In Lieu Of Required Parking:

            (1)   Where the City has allowed up to a fifty percent (50%) reduction in the parking requirement, the developer shall pay a fee for each space otherwise required in the amount of seventy five percent (75%) of the estimated cost of constructing a structured parking space.

            (2)   Where a special exception has been granted reducing the parking requirement by more than fifty percent (50%), the developer shall pay a fee in lieu of the provision of each space otherwise required in the amount of ninety percent (90%) of the estimated cost of constructing a structured parking space.

            (3)   The estimated cost of a structured parking space is twenty four thousand dollars ($24,000.00) in 2013 dollars. This fee shall be adjusted annually based on the national historical cost indexes contained in the most recent edition of “Engineering News Record”, as amended. In the event the national historical cost index is negative in any edition, the fee shall remain at the amount previously set under this paragraph.

            (4)   The City shall calculate and assess the entire fee upon issuance of a building permit. The fee payor shall pay the entire fee prior to the issuance of the building permit.

            (5)   All fees paid shall be deposited in the Downtown and Riverfront Crossings Parking District Restricted Fund, as set forth in this subsection. Monies held in the Restricted Fund, including any accrued interest, shall be used for the purpose of acquiring land for and constructing public parking facilities located in the Downtown and Riverfront Crossings Parking District.

            (6)   In the event that bonds or similar debt instruments are issued for the acquisition or construction of the aforementioned property, infrastructure or facilities within the Parking District, monies held in the Restricted Fund may be used to pay debt service on such bonds or similar debt instruments.

      7.   Parking Reduction For Other Unique Circumstances: Where it can be demonstrated that a specific use has unique characteristics such that the number of parking or stacking spaces required is excessive or will reduce the ability to use or occupy a historic property in a manner that will preserve or protect its historic, aesthetic, or cultural attributes, the Board of Adjustment may grant a special exception to reduce the number of required parking or stacking spaces by up to fifty percent (50%) (up to 100 percent for properties designated as a local historic landmark, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, or listed as key or contributing structures in a Historic District or Conservation District Overlay Zone).

      8.   Parking Reduction For Liner Buildings: For liner buildings constructed to mask a Municipal parking facility, the private off street parking requirement may be reduced by up to one hundred percent (100%) if parking for uses located within the liner building is provided within the associated public parking facility. Monthly permits shall be made available for purchase to residents, businesses, or other tenants located within the liner building, but specific parking spaces within the associated parking structure may or may not be designated for use by said permit holders, at the discretion of the City. Compensation for construction of said parking shall be made to the City with the amount and terms of said compensation determined through an agreement with the City, which shall be executed prior to issuance of an occupancy permit for the subject liner building.

      9.   Allowance For Scooter Or Motorcycle Parking: Up to ten percent (10%) of the parking spaces required for a use may be reconfigured to accommodate motorized scooters or motorcycles. Conversion of a minimum of two (2) abutting standard parking spaces (an area equal to 18 feet by 18 feet) is required to ensure adequate access and vehicular movement for up to six (6) scooter/motorcycle spaces. Design of the scooter/motorcycle parking shall be approved by the City. This provision shall not increase or decrease the allowed occupancy or residential density of the uses on the property, i.e., each required vehicular space converted to scooter/motorcycle spaces shall still be counted as one required parking space.

      10.   Sustainability Parking Reduction: The minimum parking requirement may be reduced by ten percent (10%) where each of the following provisions is met, up to a maximum reduction of twenty-five percent (25%). This reduction may be used in conjunction with subsections 14-2A-7E, 14-2B-8D, 14-2C-11E, and 14-3A-4D3 (Sustainability Density Bonus).

         a.   A solar energy system is installed onsite where the size is equal to at least forty percent (40%) of the surface area of the roofs of all buildings.

         b.   All uses within the development utilize electricity for one hundred percent (100%) of their regular energy consumption after construction.

         c.   All buildings within the development are constructed to the most current edition of the International Energy Conservation Code standards published by the International Code Council. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 06-4245, 12-12-2006; Ord. 08-4326, 12-22-2008; Ord. 11-4452, 10-18-2011; Ord. 12-4483, 5-15-2012; Ord. 13-4526, 5-14-2013; Ord. 14-4586, 6-3-2014; Ord. 16-4667, 7-5-2016; Ord. 16-4668, 7-5-2016, eff. 8-1-2016; Ord. 16-4675, 9-20-2016; Ord. 17-4703, 5-2-2017; Ord. 17-4705, 5-16-2017; Ord. 18-4744, 4-2-2018; Ord. 19-4779, 2-19-2019; Ord. 20-4834, 11-17-2020; Ord. 23-4893, 1-24-2023; Ord. 23-4914, 11-6-2023; Ord. 24-4940, 11-4-2024)

   A.   Purpose: The construction and design standards are intended to ensure safe and efficient vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian circulation on a site, and to ensure that parking areas are designed with trees and landscaping in a manner that will break up the appearance of large expanses of paving, provide shade coverage, and ensure appropriate screening and buffering from pedestrianways and adjacent streets and properties.

   B.   Paving Materials: All parking and stacking spaces, drives and aisles must be constructed of asphaltic cement concrete, portland cement concrete or manufactured paving materials, such as brick, except in the following situations:

      1.   Drives and aisles serving single-family dwellings or duplexes that abut and access historic Woodlawn Avenue or a nonhard surfaced alley are exempt from this standard.

      2.   The City building official may permit materials other than those listed, but excluding crushed rock or chip seal surfaces, for parking spaces, aisles, and drives if the use of such material provides a durable, permanent surface deemed suitable for the intended purpose and intensity of use.

      3.   Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, all parking and stacking spaces, drives and aisles must be paved with an approved surface as specified above; except, that the building official may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy in those instances where the building official finds that the paving cannot reasonably be completed due to adverse weather conditions or settling of land on the site after demolition or filling. A temporary certificate of occupancy will be effective only to a date specific. Prior to the issuance of a temporary certificate, the property owner must place in an escrow account established with the City an amount equal to one hundred ten percent (110%) of the estimated cost of paving.

   C.   Parking, Stacking Space Size, And Drive Dimensions:

      1.   The minimum size of a standard off street parking space is nine feet by eighteen feet (9' x 18'), exclusive of aisle width.

      2.   The minimum size of a compact off street parking space is eight feet by fifteen feet (8' x 15'), exclusive of aisle width.

      3.   For all uses, except single-family and two-family uses, the following rules apply:

         a.   Up to fifty percent (50%) of the required number of parking spaces may be compact spaces. A "Compact Vehicles Only" sign must be posted on or in front of each compact space.

         b.   All other spaces, both required and nonrequired, must meet or exceed the minimum size specification for standard spaces.

         c.   Parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities must be sized and designed in accordance with State of Iowa Administrative Code, 661 IAC 18, "Parking for Persons With Disabilities", as amended.

      4.   For single-family and two-family uses, required parking spaces must be at least nine feet by eighteen feet (9' x 18') in size.

      5.   Required stacking spaces must be at least nine feet (9') wide and nineteen feet (19') long.

      6.   In all required parking areas that contain more than four (4) parking spaces, such spaces must be visibly delineated on the surface by painted or marked stripes.

      7.   A drive providing access to any parking area, either structured or surface, with more than eighteen (18) spaces must be no less than eighteen feet (18') in width if designed for two- way traffic or ten feet (10') in width if designed for one-way traffic.

   D.   Drainage:

      1.   All parking and stacking spaces, drives and aisles in parking areas must be pitched or curbed and drained to prevent the flow of excess water from such areas onto streets and alleys which do not have adequate drainage facilities as determined by the City Engineer.

      2.   Drives and aisles that are located within three feet (3') of a side or rear lot line must be pitched or curbed and drained to prevent flow of water onto adjoining property. Alternatively, a drainage course must be established along lot lines to handle stormwater runoff.

   E.   Location:

      1.   Off street parking and stacking spaces must be located on the same lot as the use served except as allowed in subsection 14-5A-4F, "Alternatives To Minimum Parking Requirements", of this article.

      2.   Off street parking spaces, stacking spaces, aisles and drives are subject to the location and setback requirements specified in the base zone and any other location requirements of this title that specifically supersede or augment these general location standards.

      3.   Unless otherwise specified in this title, stacking spaces must be located in such a way that a required parking space or access to a required parking space is not obstructed.

   F.   Standards For Structured Parking In Multi-Family, Commercial Zones, The Eastside Mixed Use District, And The Riverfront Crossings Zones: The following standards apply to structured parking in all Multi-Family Zones, all Commercial Zones, except the CB-10 Zone, and on property zoned Riverfront Crossings or Eastside Mixed Use. On properties zoned Riverfront Crossings or Eastside Mixed Use, these standards apply to tuck under, midblock structures, lined structures, integrated structures, and underground structures, as described in chapter 2, article G of this title. Standards for structured parking in the CB-10 Zone are specified in subsection 14-5A-3D of this article.

      1.   Parking Within Building: In Multi-Family, CN-1, CB-2, CB-5, and MU Zones, the ground level floor of a building is reserved primarily for principal uses allowed in the zone. Therefore, any parking located within the exterior walls of the building must meet the following standards:

         a.   In the CN-1, CB-2, CB-5, and MU Zones, structured parking is not permitted on the ground level floor of the building for the first thirty feet (30') of lot depth as measured from the minimum setback line, except as allowed by subsection 14-4B-4A7f of this title.

         b.   In Multi-Family Zones, structured parking is not permitted on the ground level floor of the building for the first fifteen feet (15') of building depth as measured from the street-facing building wall. On lots with more than one street frontage this parking setback must be met along each street frontage, unless reduced or waived by minor modification. The Building Official may also waive this requirement where a townhome-style multi-family unit has parking along a side street. When considering a minor modification request, the City will consider factors such as street classification, building orientation, location of primary entrance(s) to the building, and unique site constraints such as locations where the residential building space must be elevated above the floodplain.

         c.   In the CN-1, CB-2, CB-5, and MU Zones, the ceiling height of any underground parking may extend no more than one foot (1') above the level of the adjacent sidewalk. On sloping building sites and for existing buildings, the City may adjust this requirement by minor modification. However, on sloping sites at least a portion of the ground level floor height of any new building must be located no more than one foot (1') above the level of the abutting sidewalk or pedestrian plaza; and the floor height of the ground level floor of the building must be no more than four feet (4') above the level of the abutting public sidewalk or pedestrian plaza at any point along a street-facing building facade.

         d.   In Multi-Family Zones, the ceiling height of any underground parking may extend no more than three feet (3') above grade. For purposes of this subsection, "grade" shall be defined as the average point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, paving, or sidewalk within the area between the building and the streetside property line(s) or when the streetside property line is more than five feet (5') from the building, between the building and line five feet (5') from the building. A parking level that has more than three feet (3') of its floor to ceiling height above "grade" as defined herein shall be considered ground level parking and therefore shall be subject to the setback stated in subsection F1b of this section.

      2.   Riverfront Crossings Or Eastside Mixed Use Properties: On property zoned Riverfront Crossings or Eastside Mixed Use, structured parking shall be placed in accordance with the provisions set forth in chapter 2, article G, "Riverfront Crossings And Eastside Mixed Use Districts Form Based Development Standards", of this title.

      3.   Parking Area To Be Enclosed: Except for garage openings, the parking area must be enclosed within the exterior walls of the building. In no case shall a building have the appearance from the street or from abutting properties of being elevated above a parking level or "on stilts" (see figure 5A.1 of this subsection).

      4.   Exterior Walls: Any exterior walls of a parking facility that are visible from a public or private street or from an abutting property must appear to be a component of the facade of the building through the use of building materials, window openings and facade detailing that is similar or complementary to the design of the building and must comply with the other standards of this section (see subsection F3, figure 5A.1 of this section).

      5.   Parking Space Configurations: Parking spaces within the structure must be perpendicular to parking aisles. However, angled parking or parallel parking configurations may be allowed if parking aisles are one-way.

      6.   Landscaping: In addition to the facade detailing noted above, the City may require landscaping as a means to soften the visual effect of any garage walls located at the street level. Shrubs, small berms, and planters may be used to form a landscaped screen generally ranging between two feet (2') and four feet (4') in height. Trees may also be incorporated into the landscaped area if sufficient area is available for tree growth.

      7.   Garage Entrances/Exits:

         a.   Vehicular access to parking within buildings should be located and designed to minimize traffic congestion and hazards to pedestrians and to preserve street frontages for active building uses.

         b.   Garage entrances/exits should be located along a building wall that does not face a public street and accessed from a private drive, private rear lane or public alley. In the CB-2, CB-5, MU, Eastside Mixed Use, and Riverfront Crossings Zones, alley or rear lane access is preferred. If the Form Based Code Committee, in consultation with the Director of Neighborhood and Development Services, determines that such access is not feasible due to lack of alley access, topographical limitations, or other unique circumstances, or if allowing direct access from a street will better meet the objectives as stated in subsection F7a of this section, garage openings may face a street, but must be designed in a manner that will best meet the objectives listed in subsection F7a of this section, and must meet the standards listed in subsections F7b(1), F7b(2), and F7b(3) of this section.

            (1)   If the structured parking is intended for residents or tenants of a building and not the general public, there may be no more than one doublewide or two (2) singlewide garage openings per building. Doublewide openings may not exceed twenty feet (20') in width; singlewide openings may not exceed ten feet (10') in width. For existing buildings where it is not possible to meet this standard due to structural constraints of the building, the building official may adjust this provision to allow one additional garage entrance/exit that faces a street, provided that the minor modification approval criteria are met and the garage opening is designed to minimize its effect on the streetscape and minimize hazards to pedestrians.

            (2)   For structured parking intended for use by the general public, garage openings should be limited in width and number to only what is necessary to provide adequate access for the types and numbers of vehicles using the parking facility.

            (3)   Except in the CN-1, CB-2, MU and CB-5 Zones, the opening(s) must occupy no more than fifty percent (50%) of the length of the street-facing building wall. On corner lots, only one street- facing garage wall must meet this standard. In the Eastside Mixed Use, Riverfront Crossings Zones and in the CN-1, CB-2, MU and CB-5 Zones, garage opening(s) along the primary street frontage are not permitted if access is feasible from another local or collector street or from a rear alley, private street or private rear lane. If there is no feasible alternative, garage opening(s) may be allowed along the primary street frontage, provided that they occupy no more than thirty five percent (35%) of the length of the primary street frontage of the lot and provided that all provisions of article C, "Access Management Standards", of this chapter are met.

   G.   Standards For Structured Parking In Industrial And Research Zones: Where parking is located within the exterior walls of a principal building, the following standards apply:

      1.   Any exterior walls of a parking facility that are visible from an arterial street must appear to be a component of the facade of the building through the use of building materials, window openings and facade detailing that is similar or complementary to the design of the building. In no case shall a building have the appearance from an arterial street of being elevated above a parking level or "on stilts". (See subsection F3, figure 5A.1 of this section.)

      2.   Vehicular access to parking within buildings should be located and designed to minimize traffic congestion and hazards to pedestrians; and to preserve street frontages for active building uses to the extent feasible. Garage openings should be limited in width and number to only what is necessary to provide adequate access for the types and numbers of vehicles using the parking facility.

   H.   Design And Layout Of Surface Parking Areas: Except for parking for single-family and two-family uses, all parking and stacking spaces, aisles and drives must be designed as follows:

      1.   Minimum Dimensions: Parking areas must be configured according to the aisle and parking space angle dimensions as illustrated in subsection H2, figure 5A.2 of this section. Where the edges of parking spaces are curved, as on a curved aisle, all angles are to be measured between the straight edges of the parking spaces and tangents to the curved edges at their point of intersection.

      2.   Aisles:

         a.   All parking spaces must be connected to an aisle that has a minimum width as indicated in subsection H2, figure 5A.2 of this section. Aisles designed for two-way traffic must be a minimum of twenty two feet (22') in width.

         b.   The greatest aisle width shown in subsection H2, figure 5A.2 of this section, must be provided when combining different parking space configurations on the same aisle.

         c.   The maximum aisle width is twenty four feet (24').

      3.   Circulation: Parking areas must be designed to promote safe and convenient pedestrian, bicycle, and vehicular circulation according to the following standards and the standards of the base zone in which the property is located:

         a.   Parking areas must be set back from rights-of-way and abutting properties and properly screened from view as specified in the applicable base zone regulations.

         b.   The drive(s) on a property should be designed to facilitate vehicular circulation and connect street access points to parking areas, loading and unloading areas, drive-through facilities, and other vehicular use areas on a lot or tract. In general, drives should not be used as aisles. However, the City may allow parking spaces along a drive in situations where vehicular and pedestrian safety will not be compromised. When determining the length and location of drives and the configuration of parking spaces and aisles, the City will consider such factors as:

            (1)   Size and shape of the parking lot. Large parking lots with multiple aisles of parking may need a system of separated drives to facilitate traffic circulation; parking spaces should not be located along main circulation routes where traffic speeds may be higher, but may be allowed in lower traffic volume areas. In small parking areas, circulation drives may not be necessary.

            (2)   Proximity to street access points. Parking spaces should not be located so as to impede vehicles entering or exiting the site. The throat length of drives at street access points must be sufficient in length to provide the necessary vehicle stacking based on the anticipated traffic volume. Parking spaces and aisles will not be allowed in close proximity to the necessary driveway throats, as determined by the City.

            (3)   Proposed use of the drive. Parking spaces should not be located so as to impede drive-through lanes, loading and unloading areas, or higher volume delivery or truck circulation routes.

         c.   To control vehicle speeds and facilitate traffic safety and circulation, drives must be separated from parking aisles by landscaped medians and islands as illustrated in subsection H4, figure 5A.4 of this section.

         d.   When used, medians should be at least four feet (4') in width and be landscaped. If a median contains trees, it should be at least eight feet (8') wide. If medians are intended for pedestrian circulation they should be approximately twelve feet (12') to twenty feet (20') wide to accommodate a walkway and shrubs and/or trees to buffer pedestrians from surrounding vehicle areas.

         e.   To guide turning vehicles, maintain sightlines, and protect vehicles at row ends, the free end of all parking aisles must be capped with a landscaped terminal island as illustrated in figure 5A.3 of this subsection. In the CN-1 Zone, at least one shade tree must be provided within each terminal island.

         f.   Parking spaces within parking areas must be provided with car stops or curbing to prevent encroachment into landscaped setbacks, medians, and islands.

         g.   Parking areas must be designed to permit ingress and egress of vehicles without needing to move any other vehicle occupying a parking space.

         h.   No parking area shall be designed in such a manner that exiting a parking area would require backing into a street.

         i.   If the number of parking spaces required or provided for a use or a combination of uses on a lot is greater than eight (8) spaces, none of those spaces may be located in such a manner that would require backing into an alley.

      4.   Partition Of Large Parking Areas: Surface parking areas that are larger than forty five thousand (45,000) square feet or that have any perimeter dimension greater than three hundred feet (300') must be divided into smaller, connected lots to slow traffic movement, improve pedestrian safety, and reduce the visual impact of large parking areas. The following design techniques must be utilized to meet this standard. These design techniques may also be utilized as a means of meeting the pedestrian circulation standards of the base zone. (See figure 5A.4 of this subsection H4.)

         a.   Divide the parking into separate areas with the use of drives and landscape medians. These "separate areas" should have no dimension greater than approximately two hundred feet (200').

         b.   The parking layout should ensure that no aisle of parking is longer than approximately two hundred feet (200') without being end capped and crossed by a drive or landscaped median.

         c.   Some parking areas may not easily accommodate the techniques described above, such as long and narrow parking lots, so other options may be approved by the Director of Planning and Community Development, such as the use of landscaped islands to interrupt parking aisles and provide opportunities for pedestrian crossings.

   I.   Landscaping And Tree Requirements Within Parking Areas:

      1.   Applicability:

         a.   Parking areas that contain more than eighteen (18) parking spaces must be designed to include trees and planting areas according to the requirements of this subsection.

         b.   If the number of parking spaces in an existing parking area is increased to accommodate more than eighteen (18) parking spaces, then the newly added parking area must comply with the requirements of this subsection.

         c.   If an existing parking area, which is not constructed with a permanent durable surface according to the construction and design standards above, is subsequently required to be surfaced or altered in any way, the provisions of this subsection shall apply as if the parking area did not previously exist.

         d.   Parking ramps, covered parking areas, and parking areas that are an integral part of a building are exempt from the requirements of this subsection. However, in such cases, certain perimeter landscaping may be required according to the provisions of the base zone.

      2.   Requirements:

         a.   Trees must be planted or preserved on the site so that every parking space or portion thereof is within forty feet (40') of a small tree or within sixty feet (60') of a large tree.

         b.   In addition to the required trees, all medians, islands and other planting areas within the parking area must be landscaped with turf, grasses, low shrubs or other living cover. Planting areas at the ends of parking aisles must consist of low growing varieties of shrubs, grasses, and ground cover (2 feet in height or less) so as not to impede vehicular sight lines. Landscape medians along drives and pedestrian walkways may utilize larger shrubs and plants to visually break up the appearance of large parking areas and buffer pedestrian walkways. Trees may be planted in any median or planting island, provided the median or island meets the minimum planting area size specified in chapter 5, article E, "Landscaping And Tree Standards", of this title.

         c.   Planting areas must be separated from parking spaces, drives, aisles, and alleys with unmountable curbs or barriers at least five inches (5") in height. Curbs and barriers must be constructed in a manner that will prevent salt and sand from storm water runoff from damaging trees and plantings. The city may waive this requirement when drainage swales are utilized to facilitate storm water runoff.

         d.   The design of any drainage swales proposed must be approved by the city. Drainage swales must be planted with salt tolerant prairie grasses, sedges and reeds that will slow runoff and allow ground infiltration. The plants used in such swales must be approved by the city.

         e.   Coniferous trees may not be used to satisfy parking lot coverage requirements.

         f.   Trees planted to meet the street tree requirements or to meet the tree requirements for residential uses (see chapter 5, article E of this title) may also be used to fulfill the requirements of this subsection; provided, that no parking space is further than forty feet (40') from a small tree or sixty feet (60') from a large tree.

         g.   All trees and landscaping within parking lots are subject to the provisions of sections 14-5E-3, "General Requirements And Measurements", 14-5E-4, "Tree Planting Requirements", 14-5E-5, "Protection And Maintenance", and 14-5E-6, "Preservation Of Existing Trees", of this title.

   J.   Screening And Setback Requirements: Parking areas must be set back from rights of way and abutting properties and screened from view according to applicable setback and screening provisions of the subject base zone.

   K.   Design Of Bicycle Parking Areas:

      1.   The minimum size for a bicycle parking space is one and one-half feet by six feet (1.5' X 6'). Where required for access, a minimum aisle width of four feet (4') shall be provided.

      2.   Bicycle parking areas must be constructed of asphaltic cement concrete, Portland cement concrete or manufactured paving materials, such as brick. However, the city building official may permit the use of rock or gravel areas for bicycle parking, provided edging materials are used so that the bicycle parking area is clearly demarcated and the rock material is contained.

      3.   Required bicycle parking racks must be designed to support the bicycle by its frame and allow the use of either a cable lock or a U-shaped lock. Bicycle parking racks shall be installed a minimum of two feet (2') from any curb, pavement edge, parking space, drive, walkway, or obstruction such as a well wall, fence, doorway, or landscaping. Bicycle lockers and secure indoor storage facilities are also allowed.

      4.   Bicycle parking facilities shall be located in a clearly designated, safe, visible, and convenient location and shall be located so as not to impede pedestrian or vehicular traffic. Bicycle parking is allowed in front and side building setbacks in all zones; provided, that such a parking area results in no more than twenty five percent (25%) of the required setback area being paved.

   L.   Special Vehicle Parking And Storage Requirements In Single-Family Zones, T3 Neighborhood Edge Zone, And T3 Neighborhood General Zone: The provisions of this subsection apply in all single-family residential zones and the above listed Form-Based Zones. For purposes of this subsection, a “special vehicle” is defined as any device, more than seven and one-half feet (7.5') in height and more than twenty feet (20') in length, which is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, street, or body of water, including, without limitation, any motor vehicle, truck, trailer, tractor, wagon, watercraft or any combination thereof exceeding these dimensions. A storage area for a special vehicle includes any space equal in size to the outer perimeter of the subject special vehicle that is used for storage of such a vehicle. The following provisions apply to all such special vehicles:

      1.   A special vehicle may be stored inside any building, provided it is not stored in a required parking space.

      2.   A special vehicle stored outside a building must comply with the following standards:

         a.   The vehicle must be in operational condition and properly licensed as required by state and federal law.

         b.   The special vehicle must belong to the owner or tenant of the property on which the vehicle is located, except for special vehicles of guests, as provided in subsection L2c of this section.

         c.   A special vehicle may not be used for dwelling purposes except as temporary lodging for guests of the property owner or tenant. Such temporary lodging may occur for no more than twenty one (21) consecutive days nor may temporary lodging exceed a total of forty five (45) days in any calendar year. An extension may be approved by the city manager or designee.

         d.   The special vehicle may not be used for storage of items other than those considered to be part of the unit.

         e.   The storage area must be surfaced with crushed rock, asphalt, concrete or a similar surface designed and maintained to prevent muddy conditions, erosion from the flow of water onto adjoining property and weed growth. In cases where crushed rock is used, the perimeter of a storage area must be lined with bricks, landscape timbers or similar material that will effectively contain the crushed rock.

         f.   (1) A special vehicle may not be parked or stored on a vacant residential lot.

            (2)   No special vehicle may be stored in a front setback, except on a regularly constructed aisle for a period of no more than four (4) days for the purpose of loading and unloading.

            (3)   A special vehicle may be stored in the required rear setback or the required side setback, provided the outer edge of the storage area is no closer than three feet (3') to a side lot line or to a rear lot line of a reversed corner lot.

            (4)   The city manager or designee may permit outside storage of a special vehicle in the required front setback or the required side setback along a street, provided:

               (A)   Storage space is not available in the side or rear setback or there is no access to either the side or rear setback. For purposes of this provision, a corner lot will always be deemed to have access to the rear setback. Accessory structures and buildings less than one hundred sixty (160) square feet in area and vegetation that is transplantable are not deemed to prevent access.

               (B)   Inside storage is not possible because the size of the special vehicle exceeds either the space available or the size of the entrance available in any existing building, or both.

               (C)   The special vehicle is parked perpendicular to the street.

               (D)   The special vehicle storage area is screened from view of the street using landscaping, a fence or a wall. Fences, walls, and hedges must meet the applicable standards specified in chapter 4, article C, "Accessory Uses And Buildings", of this title.

               (E)   No part of the special vehicle extends beyond the property line or over a public right of way. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 06-4220, 7-18-2006; Ord. 06-4245, 12-12-2006; Ord. 14-4586, 6-3-2014; Ord. 16-4675, 9-20-2016; Ord. 17-4703, 5-2-2017; Ord. 19-4779, 2-19-2019; Ord. 21-4866, 11-16-2021; Ord. 22-4882, 6-21-2022; Ord. 23-4914, 11-6-2023)

   A.   Applicability: In all zones, except the CB-5 and CB-10 zones, off street loading spaces must be provided and maintained in compliance with the requirements of this section.

   B.   Off Street Loading Requirements: Any nonresidential use that receives or distributes materials or merchandise by trucks or vans and that has an aggregate gross floor area of ten thousand (10,000) square feet or more must provide the minimum number of loading spaces as indicated in table 5A-4 of this section. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

 

 

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 14-4586, 6-3-2014)

   C.   Rules For Computing Minimum Loading Requirements:

      1.   Where a fractional space results, the number of loading spaces required is the closest whole number. A half space will be rounded down.

      2.   Any use that is nonconforming with regard to the number of required loading spaces is subject to the applicable provisions of chapter 4, article E, "Nonconforming Situations", of this title.

   D.   Use And Restrictions:

      1.   The use of required loading spaces is reserved for loading. Other uses of required loading areas are not permitted, except as approved for a temporary use. (See chapter 4, article D, "Temporary Uses", of this title.)

      2.   The storage of merchandise, materials, equipment, refuse containers, obsolete or junk vehicles or the major repair of vehicles in required loading areas is prohibited.

   E.   Design And Maintenance Requirements: All loading spaces must be constructed of asphalt, concrete or similar permanent dust free surface and in accordance with the following requirements:

      1.   Loading spaces must be a minimum of ten feet (10') wide, twenty five feet (25') long and twelve feet (12') high, exclusive of aisles. When more than two (2) spaces are required, the spaces, other than the first two (2), must be at least twelve feet (12') wide, seventy two feet (72') long and fourteen feet (14') high.

      2.   All loading spaces must be pitched and drained to prevent the flow of water from such areas onto streets and alleys that do not have adequate drainage facilities as determined by the city engineer.

   F.   General Location Standards:

      1.   Loading spaces must be located so that trucks or vans loading or unloading do not back onto or out of a street.

      2.   Off street loading areas are subject to the location and setback requirements specified in the base zone.

   G.   Screening Requirements: Loading areas must be screened from view according to applicable screening provisions of the base zone. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

Signs can obstruct views, distract motorists, displace alternative uses for land and pose other problems that legitimately call for regulation.

The purpose of this article is to regulate the size, illumination, movement, materials, location, height and condition of all signs placed on private property meant to be visible to the public from a street or other public right of way thus enhancing and protecting the physical appearance and safety of the community, protecting property values and the character of the various neighborhoods, and preserving Iowa City's areas of natural, historic and scenic beauty.

These regulations are intended to reduce distractions and obstructions contributing to traffic accidents; reduce hazards caused by signs projecting over the public right of way; provide a reasonable opportunity for all sign users to display signs without interference from other signage.

These regulations are further intended to provide fair and equitable treatment for all sign users; to allow for creative design; to encourage economic development; to distinguish between areas designed primarily for auto oriented commerce and areas designed for residential living or pedestrian oriented commerce; and to establish a reasonable period of time for the elimination of nonconforming signs.

This article allows adequate communication through signage while encouraging aesthetic quality and creativity in the design, location, size and purpose of all signs. This article must be interpreted in a manner consistent with the first amendment guarantee of free speech. A sign placed on land or on a building for the purpose of identification, protection or directing persons to a use conducted therein must be deemed to be an integral but accessory and subordinate part of the principal use of land or building. Therefore, the intention of this article is to establish limitations on signs in order to ensure they are appropriate to the land, building or use to which they are appurtenant and are adequate for their intended purpose while balancing the individual and community interests identified above. These regulations are intended to promote signs that are compatible with the use of the property to which they are appurtenant, landscape and architecture of surrounding buildings, are legible and appropriate to the activity to which they pertain, are not distracting to motorists, and are constructed and maintained in a structurally sound and attractive condition.

The regulations are not intended to and do not apply to signs erected, maintained or otherwise posted, owned or leased by the city, state or federal government.

A sign displaying a noncommercial message of any type is allowed anywhere that commercial signs are allowed, subject to the same regulations applicable to such commercial signs to prevent any inadvertent favoring of commercial speech over noncommercial speech, or favoring of any particular commercial message over any other noncommercial message. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   A.   Applicability: All signs on private property must be installed, maintained, and/or removed according to the provisions of this article, unless specifically exempted or superseded by more specific provisions of this title.

   B.   Permit Required:

      1.   No sign requiring a permit in accordance with the requirements of this article shall be installed, altered, moved, improved or converted without first obtaining a sign permit from the building official or designee according to the procedures specified in chapter 8, "Review And Approval Procedures", of this title. A permit is not required for incidental repairs or routine maintenance.

      2.   Certain types of signs are allowed without a permit and such exemption from the sign permit requirements is clearly specified in the tables included in sections 14-5B-8 and 14-5B-9 of this article. A permit is required for any sign that is not specifically exempted from the permit requirements.

   C.   Sign Installer's License Required:

      1.   Except for those signs not requiring a permit, as listed in sections 14-5B-8 and 14-5B-9 of this article, it shall be unlawful for any person to install, alter, move, improve, remove or convert any sign without having a sign installer's license in good standing issued by the city. A onetime sign installer's license shall be available to a tenant or owner of a building to permit the tenant's or owner's own sign to be installed.

      2.   The license to install, alter, move, improve, remove or convert any sign as required herein shall be known as a "sign installer's license" and shall be issued by the city to the person desiring to perform the work indicated above. No such license shall be issued to any person until such person shall have paid to the city a license fee as established by resolution of city council and shall have filed with the department of housing and inspection services a copy or a certificate of a contractor's public liability insurance policy with coverage limits as set out in this code. The city shall be designated as an additional insured, and the policy shall provide that the city is to be notified thirty (30) days in advance of the termination of the policy. The license shall indemnify and save harmless the city from any and all damage, judgment, cost or expense which the city may incur or suffer by reason of said license issuance.

      3.   All sign installer's licenses shall expire on December 31 of each year. Renewal fees and reinstatement fees shall be as established by resolution of the city council. Any license that has expired may be reinstated within sixty (60) calendar days after the expiration date upon payment of an additional reinstatement fee.

      4.   A onetime sign installer's license shall be valid for thirty (30) days from the date of issuance.

      5.   The building official or designee is responsible for enforcement of these provisions and is empowered to suspend or revoke a sign installer's license for a violation of the sign regulations or if the license was obtained by fraud or if the license allows any person not employed by the sign installer without a valid installer's license to do or cause to be done any work requiring a license.

      6.   A person aggrieved by the revocation, suspension or denial of a license may appeal said action to the board of adjustment.

      7.   If a license is revoked for any reason, another installer's license shall not be issued to such person for twelve (12) months after revocation.

   D.   Application Of State Law: In any case in which the code of Iowa, as amended, contains more restrictive requirements than the regulations contained herein, the code of Iowa, as amended, will govern. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008; amd. Ord. 20-4833, 11-17-2020)

   A.   Location Standards For All Zones:

      1.   No sign shall be located in violation of the intersection visibility standards set forth in article D of this chapter.

      2.   All nonbuilding signs, and all parts thereof, must be set back at least five feet (5') from any property line, with the following exception: Signs may be located closer than five feet (5') to a property line at ten feet (10') or more above grade, provided no part of the sign or sign support overhangs any property lines. In addition, freestanding wide base signs must not be located closer than ten feet (10') to any right of way or closer than thirty feet (30') to any street curb.

      3.   Building signs must comply with the building setback requirements of the base zone. No part of a building sign or sign support may overhang a property line, unless specifically allowed in this article.

      4.   For any sign that is allowed to project over the public right of way according to the provisions of this article, a use of public right of way agreement must be signed by the property owner as a part of the permitting process.

      5.   No sign shall obstruct ingress to or egress from any door, window or fire escape. No sign shall be attached to a standpipe or fire escape.

   B.   Signs Adjacent To Residential Zones:

      1.   Any sign located in a nonresidential zone, but within one hundred feet (100') of a residential zone is subject to the standards and limitations of subsection 14-5B-8C, "Sign Standards In CO-1, CN-1 And MU Zones", of this article.

      2.   Electronic changeable copy signs are not allowed within one hundred feet (100') of a residential zone, except for allowed time and temperature signs, as defined in chapter 9, article C, "Sign Definitions", of this title.

      3.   In nonresidential zones, except for fascia signs, no sign shall be located in the required front building setback area within fifty feet (50') of a residential zone.

      4.   Fascia signs located in nonresidential zones and within fifty feet (50') of a residential zone on the same side of the street shall not be placed on the wall of the building facing the residential zone. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   A.   Construction: All signs, except for temporary signs, shall be designed and constructed to withstand a wind pressure of not less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot of area and loads as required by the building code. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   B.   Minimum Clearance Height: The minimum clearance height is measured from ground level to the lowest point on the sign. The minimum clearance height for freestanding, banner, and time and temperature signs is ten feet (10'). For freestanding wide base signs, the bottom of the sign face must be a minimum of ten feet (10') above ground level, except if the sign is fifteen feet (15') or less in height. For these shorter wide based signs, the bottom of the sign face must be a minimum of three feet (3') above ground level. For storefront projecting signs and canopy signs, the minimum clearance height is eight feet (8'). Minimum clearance height is ten feet (10') for entranceway signs across driveways and eight feet (8') for entranceway signs across walkways. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   C.   Maintenance: All signs shall be maintained in such a manner as to avoid becoming a hazardous sign.

   D.   Changeable Copy:

      1.   Copy Changed Manually: Any sign may contain copy that is changed manually, unless precluded by definition or specifically prohibited herein.

      2.   Copy Changed Electronically: Signs where the copy is changed by electronic means are only allowed as specified below:

         a.   The sign must be located in a commercial zone or in a public zone. However, electronic changeable copy signs are not allowed within one hundred feet (100') of a residential zone, except for allowed time and temperature signs, as defined in chapter 9, article C, "Sign Definitions", of this title. On properties zoned public, electronic changeable copy signs are not allowed where said sign would be visible from any adjacent residential zone. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

         b.   Electronic changeable copy is allowed on only one sign per lot. In the CH-1, CI-1, CC-2, CB-2, CB-5 and CB-10 zones, a "time and temperature sign", as defined in chapter 9, article C, "Sign Definitions", of this title, shall not count toward the one sign limit. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008; amd. Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

         c.   The changeable copy may not be animated. (See definition of "animated sign" in chapter 9, article C, "Sign Definitions", of this title.) The copy may be changed no more than once per hour, except for designation of the time and temperature, which may be changed more frequently.

         d.   The sign may not contain images or be of a brightness that will interfere with, obstruct the view of, or confuse traffic. The sign may not contain images that may be confused with any authorized traffic sign, signal or device. The sign may not make use of the words, "stop", "go slow", "caution", "drive-in", "danger", or any other word, phrase, symbol or character in such a way as to interfere with, mislead or confuse traffic.

         e.   The sign must comply with the illumination standards as specified in subsection E of this section. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

         f.   In the MU, CO-1, and CN-1 zones, electronic changeable copy is only allowed on a time and temperature sign. (See definition of "time and temperature sign" in chapter 9, article C of this title.) The electronic changeable copy portion of the sign is limited to the display of the time and/or temperature and may not exceed forty percent (40%) of the area of the sign face. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008; amd. Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

         g.   In public zones and in CH-1, CI-1, and CC-2 Zones, electronic changeable copy is only allowed on time and temperature signs, freestanding signs, freestanding wide base signs, and monument signs. On time and temperature signs, the electronic changeable copy portion of the sign is limited to the display of the time and/or temperature and may not exceed forty percent (40%) of the area of the sign face. On freestanding and freestanding wide base signs, the electronic changeable copy portion of the sign may not exceed forty percent (40%) of the area of the sign face. For monument signs, the electronic changeable copy portion of the sign may not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the area of the sign face.

         h.   In the CB-2 and CB-5 Zones, electronic changeable copy is only allowed on time and temperature signs and monument signs. On time and temperature signs, the electronic changeable copy portion of the sign is limited to the display of the time and/or temperature and may not exceed forty percent (40%) of the area of the sign face. On monument signs, the electronic changeable copy portion of the sign may not exceed seventy five percent (75%) of the area of the sign face. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

         i.   In the CB-10 Zones, electronic changeable copy is only allowed on time and temperature signs and window signs as permitted for indoor recreational uses in section 14-5B-8, table 5B-4 of this article. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   E.   Illumination Requirements: Illuminated signs must conform to the following requirements: (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

      1.   Except for signs in the ID and Residential Zones, all permitted signs may be internally or externally illuminated. All signs permitted in the ID and Residential Zones may only be externally illuminated with white light, except that institutional uses in the PRM Zone may have one sign internally illuminated. (Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

      2.   Illumination through the use of exposed lamps or inert gas tubes is allowed, provided the exposed lamp does not exceed eleven (11) watts or that an inert gas tube does not draw more than sixty (60) milliamps. When inside frosted lamps or exposed lamps with a diffusing screen are used, no lamp shall exceed twenty five (25) watts.

      3.   Illumination through the use of LEDs is allowed only as specified for electronic changeable copy. All signs using LEDs must have installed ambient light monitors and must at all times allow such monitors to automatically adjust the brightness level of the electronic sign based on ambient light conditions. At no time shall the sign be operated at a brightness level greater than the manufacturer's recommended levels. The electronic changeable copy must be monochromatic. It must utilize a dark background with only the message or image lit in a single color.

      4.   Artificial external light sources used to illuminate a sign face must be located and shielded such that the bulb is not directly visible from any adjacent residentially zoned property or public right-of-way and must use a narrow cone of light that does not extend beyond the illuminated sign face.

      5.   Illumination on a property, including illumination from signs, must not exceed 0.5 initial horizontal foot-candle and 2.0 initial maximum foot-candles as measured at any point along a property boundary that is adjacent to or across the street from properties that are zoned residential, CN-1, or CO-1.

      6.   All illuminated signs are subject to the provisions of the Electrical Code, including any permit fees.

      7.   Permit applications for electronic changeable copy signs must include a copy of the manufacturer's operating manual, including any recommended standards for brightness and other display operations.

      8.   For electronic changeable copy signs, whether the sign is programmed from the site or from a remote location, the computer interface that programs the sign shall be made available to City staff for inspection upon request. If the computer interface is not immediately available, the sign shall cease operation until such program can be provided. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   A.   Nonconforming Signs: All legally nonconforming signs must comply with the provisions specified for nonconforming signs in chapter 4, article E, "Nonconforming Situations", of this title. Signs deemed "historic" may be eligible for a special exception according to the provisions specified in chapter 4, article E, "Nonconforming Situations", of this title. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   B.   Signs For Nonconforming Uses: A nonconforming use is permitted to have the same amount and type of signage as would be allowed for such use in the most restrictive zone in which such use is allowed. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   A.   Regulations Are Exclusionary: These regulations are intended to be exclusionary. Any type of sign not specifically listed in this article is prohibited. In addition, the following signs are specifically prohibited in all zones:

      1.   Animated signs, except for barbers' poles and three- dimensional storefront projecting signs as expressly permitted by this article.

      2.   Hazardous signs.

      3.   Obsolete signs.

      4.   Painted wall signs except for wall mural painted signs.

      5.   Portable signs, including signs on wheels, trailers, and truck beds, but excepting those portable signs expressly permitted by this article.

      6.   Roof signs.

      7.   Searchlights.

      8.   Spinners, balloons, pennants, or other similar devices.

      9.   Swinging signs except for storefront projecting signs.

      10.   Banners except for banner projecting signs as expressly permitted in this article and banners permitted in section 14-5B-8, table 5B-4 of this article.

      11.   No vehicle, including trailers, shall be parked so that it functions primarily as a sign. A vehicle will be considered in violation of this provision if the questions in subsections A11a through A11c of this section can be answered in the affirmative, and there is no compelling answer to the question in subsection A11d of this section to justify the parking location as opposed to some less conspicuous location.

         a.   Is the vehicle parked at a prominent location?

         b.   Can people driving by the sign easily read the sign?

         c.   Is the vehicle in the same or similar locations for several hours during the same day or for several days during the same week?

         d.   Are there any stated or apparent reasons, other than for signage purposes, that justify the vehicle being at that location? (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   B.   Removal Of Prohibited Or Illegal Signs: In accordance with the following procedure, the building official or designee is authorized to require the removal of any illegal or prohibited sign:

      1.   Before taking action to require the removal of any illegal or prohibited sign, the building official or designee will provide written notice to the owner or operator of the business to which the sign relates.

      2.   The notice will specify that the illegal or prohibited sign must be removed or brought into compliance with this article within a reasonable time of such notice.

      3.   If the sign is not removed or repaired, as the case may be, within the time allowed, the building official or designee is hereby authorized to have the sign removed to be used as evidence and assess the costs of removal against the property for collection in the same manner as a Property Tax. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   A.   Maximum Sign Area:

      1.   Where the size of a sign is regulated by the area of a wall, an awning or a canopy, the maximum sign area is calculated as a percentage of the total area of the wall, the awning, or the canopy on which the sign is affixed.

      2.   For entranceway signs located on the front elevation of the subject archway, the maximum sign area is calculated as a percentage of the total area delineated by the archway. For entranceway signs located on the side of the archway, the maximum sign area is calculated as a percentage of the surface area of the side of the archway support on which the sign is located. Figure 5B.1 of this section illustrates how to measure the total area delineated by the archway and the surface area of the side of the archway support. The total area delineated by the archway in figure 5B.1 of this section equals x(y). The surface area of the side of the archway support in figure 5B.1 of this section equals a(b).

      3.   The total building signage on a wall, canopy, or awning shall not exceed the maximum sign allowance for that wall, canopy, or awning, regardless of the number of uses or occupants in the building. For example, if the maximum sign area for fascia signs is fifteen percent (15%), then no more than fifteen percent (15%) of any single wall of the building may be covered by fascia signs, regardless of how many businesses are located in the building.

   B.   Measuring Sign Area: The area of each sign, regardless of shape, shall be computed by determining the area of a triangle, rectangle or circle that completely encloses the outer perimeter of the sign face. In the case of a sign composed of characters or words that are attached directly to a building, an appurtenance to a building, or a masonry wall, the area of the sign will be computed by determining the area of a triangle, rectangle, or circle that completely encloses the whole group of characters or words.

   C.   Measuring Sign Height: The maximum height of a sign shall be the measurement from grade to the highest point on the sign. In the case where a minimum height is established, the minimum height shall be measured from grade to the lowest point on the sign. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   A.   Sign Standards For ID And OPD Zones:

      1.   Permitted Signs:

         a.   Single-family uses and two-family uses are not allowed to install permanent signs, except for one small identification building sign and one integral sign, as specified in table 5B-1 of this section. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008; amd. Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

         b.   Institutional uses in ID-RS and ID-RM Zones are permitted two (2) identification signs from the following types: fascia, awning, canopy, monument or masonry wall sign. One sign for an institutional use may also include copy announcing its services or activities. All other nonresidential uses in the ID-RS and ID-RM Zones are permitted one identification sign from the following types: fascia, awning, canopy or monument sign. (Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

         c.   Signage for nonresidential uses in the ID-C, ID-I, and ID-RP Zones must comply with the sign regulations contained in subsection C, "Sign Standards In CO-1, CN-1 And MU Zones", of this section.

         d.   Residential uses in any OPD Zone are permitted signage in accordance with the requirements of the underlying residential zone. Nonresidential uses approved as part of a planned development are permitted signage in accordance with the sign regulations contained in subsection C, "Sign Standards In CO-1, CN-1 And MU Zones", of this section.

      2.   Sign Specifications And Provisions:

         a.   All signs for residential uses in the ID and OPD Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-1 of this section.

         b.   All signs in the ID-RS and ID-RM Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-1 of this section.

         c.   All signs for nonresidential uses in the ID-C, ID-I, and ID-RP Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-2 of this section.

         d.   In the OPD Zone, all signs for nonresidential uses approved as part of a planned development are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-2 of this section. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

   B.   Sign Standards For All Residential Zones:

      1.   Permitted Signs:

         a.   Principal uses, other than single-family uses and two-family uses, are permitted one identification sign from the following types: fascia, awning, canopy or monument sign. Institutional uses are permitted two (2) identification signs from the following sign types: fascia, awning, canopy, monument or masonry wall sign. One sign for an institutional use may also include copy announcing its services or activities. (Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

         b.   Parks and open space uses are permitted entranceway signs as specified in table 5B-1 of this section.

         c.   Single-family uses and two-family uses are not allowed to install permanent signs, except for one small identification building sign and one integral sign as specified in table 5B-1 of this section.

         d.   One monument sign is permitted at each street entrance of a subdivision or development of two (2) acres or more. The maximum sign area is thirty two (32) square feet per side - may be double faced for a total of sixty four (64) square feet - maximum height is five feet (5'). All other monument signs are permitted as specified in table 5B-1 of this section. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

      2.   Sign Specifications And Provisions: All signs in residential zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-1 of this section.

 

(Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016; amd. Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

   C.   Sign Standards In CO-1, CN-1 And MU Zones:

      1.   All signs in the CO-1, CN-1, and MU Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-2 of this section, except signage for residential uses must comply with the requirements for residential uses in the RM Zones as stated in table 5B-1 of this section.

 

   D.   Sign Standards In CH-1, CC-2 And CI-1 Zones:

      1.   All signs in the CH-1, CC-2, and CI-1 Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-3 of this section except that signage for residential uses must comply with the requirements for residential uses in the RM Zones as stated in table 5B-1 of this section.

      2.   The total number of freestanding signs, freestanding wide base signs and monument signs on a lot or tract is limited as follows. Any combination of these three (3) types of signs is allowed within the stated limits.

         a.   For lots or tracts with less than one hundred sixty feet (160') of frontage on a single street, only one (1) such sign is permitted along that frontage. Freestanding wide base signs are not permitted on lots or tracts with less than one hundred sixty feet (160') of frontage. The City Engineer will determine that the location of a wide base freestanding sign will not obstruct the visibility of vehicles entering or exiting the property.

         b.   For lots or tracts with one hundred sixty feet to three hundred feet (160' - 300') of frontage along a single street, up to two (2) such signs are permitted, provided the signs are at least one hundred fifty feet (150') apart as measured along the frontage.

         c.   For lots or tracts with three hundred one feet to six hundred feet (301' - 600') of frontage along a single street, up to three (3) such signs are permitted, provided the signs are at least one hundred fifty feet (150') apart as measured along the frontage.

         d.   For lots or tracts with frontage in excess of six hundred feet (600') along a single street, up to three (3) such signs are permitted, provided the signs are at least one hundred fifty feet (150') apart as measured along the frontage. One (1) additional monument sign is allowed, provided the sign is at least one hundred fifty feet (150') from any other monument, freestanding, or freestanding wide base sign.

         e.   For lots or tracts with frontage along more than one (1) street, each frontage is allowed signs based on the formulas stated in subsections D2a through D2d of this section. However, a maximum of five (5) such signs are allowed on any one (1) lot or tract. Any sign that is located within twenty five feet (25') of a corner (the point where property lines intersect) will count as two (2) signs; one (1) toward the sign allowance for each frontage.

 

   E.   Sign Standards In CB-2, CB-5 And CB-10 Zones:

      1.   All signs in the CB-2, CB-5 and CB-10 Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-4 of this section.

      2.   The maximum sign area for each type of sign, special provisions, and any restrictions on the number of signs allowed are specified in table 5B-4 of this section. Unless specifically limited in table 5B-4 of this section, any number of signs may be installed.

      3.   Signage for residential uses must comply with the requirements for residential uses in the RM Zones as stated in table 5B-1 of this section. (Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

      4.   Cabinet signs where the entire face of the cabinet is internally illuminated are prohibited. Internally illuminated plastic trim cap letters are prohibited, except as specifically allowed in table 5B-4 of this section. (Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

 

(Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016; amd. Ord. 17-4702, 4-18-2017; Ord. 18-4735, 1-2-2018)

   F.   Sign Standards In Industrial And Research Park Zones:

      1.   All signs in the I-1, I-2, RDP, and ORP Zones are subject to the standards specified in table 5B-5 of this section.

      2.   The total number of freestanding signs and monument signs on a lot or tract is limited as follows. Any combination of these types of signs is allowed within the stated limits.

         a.   For lots or tracts with less than one hundred sixty feet (160') of frontage on a single street, only one such sign is permitted along that frontage.

         b.   For lots or tracts with frontage in excess of one hundred sixty feet (160') of frontage along a single street, up to two (2) such signs are permitted, provided the signs are located at least one hundred fifty feet (150') apart as measured along the frontage.

         c.   For lots or tracts with frontage along more than one street, each frontage is allowed signs based on the formulas stated in subsections F2a and F2b of this section.

      3.   Masonry wall signs and entranceway signs are limited according to the provisions specified in table 5B-5 of this section.

      4.   Other than for the types of signs listed in subsections F2 and F3 of this section, any number of signs may be installed, provided the maximum sign area for each type of sign is not exceeded and the provisions specified in table 5B-5 of this section, are met. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

 

(Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   G.   Sign Standards For Riverfront Crossings And Eastside Mixed Use Zones:

      1.   In the South Downtown, University, Central Crossings, Park, South Gilbert Subdistricts of Riverfront Crossings and Eastside Mixed Use Zone, signage on mixed use and nonresidential buildings shall be allowed according to the standards that apply in the CB-10 Zone, except that in the South Gilbert Subdistrict the maximum sign area for fascia signs for Cottage Industries and associated uses located in existing buildings that are legally non-compliant with storefront frontage standards is fifteen percent (15%) of the sign wall.

      2.   In the Gilbert Subdistrict, signage for mixed use and nonresidential buildings shall be allowed according to the standards that apply in the CN-1 Zone.

      3.   In the West Riverfront Subdistrict, signage on mixed use and nonresidential buildings shall be allowed according to the standards that apply in the CC-2 Zone, except that new freestanding signs shall be limited to fifteen feet (15') in height.

      4.   Signage for residential buildings shall be allowed according to the standards that apply in residential zones. For multi- family buildings, the larger sign area for fascia and monument signs as specified in multi-family zones applies.

      5.   Signs shall be integrated into the architectural design of the building and not dominate the facade or interfere with adjacent buildings. For buildings with multiple storefronts, a sign plan is required at the time of development that ensures that signage allowances are fairly apportioned according to the relative width of the individual storefronts and that the signage type and designs are consistent and complementary along the building frontage.

      6.   On storefront and urban flex frontages, storefront level signs shall be primarily oriented to pedestrians and scaled appropriately. Window signs and temporary signs in windows shall not block views into the interior and shall not cover more than twenty five percent (25%) of the storefront window area.

      7.   Sign installations shall comply with all other generally applicable sign regulations, standards, and requirements as set forth in this article.

   H.   Sign Standards And Types For Form-Based Zones:

      1.   Purpose: This section ensures that all signs installed in Form-Based Zones subject to Article 14-2H are compatible with the intended physical character, and in compliance with all applicable plans of the City. This section promotes public health, safety, and welfare through a comprehensive system of reasonable, effective, consistent, content-neutral, and nondiscriminatory sign standards to:

         a.   Promote and accomplish the goals, policies, and actions of applicable City plans;

         b.   Balance public and private objectives by allowing adequate avenues for effective messaging;

         c.   Improve pedestrian, bicycle, and traffic safety from injury or property damage caused by, or which may be fully or partially attributed to, cluttered or distracting signage;

         d.   Prevent property damage, personal injury, and litter caused by signs that are improperly constructed or poorly maintained;

         e.   Protect property values, improve the local economy and quality of life by preserving and enhancing the appearance of the streetscape; and

         f.   Provide clear and unambiguous sign standards that enable fair and consistent enforcement of these sign standards.

      2.   The sign types established in this section are intended to be viewed from the public right-of-way and from outdoors in areas of public and private property used for public pedestrian access.

      3.   Sign Types: Table 14-5B-8H-1 (Sign Types Allowed in Form- Based Zones) establishes the allowed sign types and standards for the identified zones. Any allowed sign type may be established on any design site within the zone, subject to a sign permit in compliance with section 14-8B-9 (Sign Permit).

 

      4.   Certain sign types are only allowed in Form-Based Zones. Those sign types and their applicable standards are as follows.

         a.   Porch Sign:

                           Example of a Porch Sign.

      b.   Post Sign:

 

   Example of a Post Sign.

   General Note: Photos on this page are illustrative, not regulatory.

(Ord. 17-4702, 4-18-2017; amd. Ord. 21-4866, 11-16-2021)

   A.   In addition to the signage permitted in each zone, as described in section 14-5B-8 of this article, the following signs may be installed in any zone according to the specifications and provisions contained in table 5B-6 of this section. These signs shall not be applied toward the maximum sign area specified in section 14-5B-8 of this article, except as otherwise indicated in table 5B-6 of this section. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008)

 

(Ord. 16-4685, 11-15-2016)

   A.   Purpose: In order to promote the health, safety and general welfare of the population, no privately owned signs shall be placed on or over a “public place”, as defined in chapter 9, article C of this title, except as permitted by the City.

   B.   Removal: Existing privately owned signs currently located on or over a public place that are not in compliance with this Code shall be eliminated and removed. If the sign owner fails to remove the sign after so ordered by the City, the City may remove the sign and assess the costs against the sign owner. (Ord. 08-4319, 11-3-2008; amd. Ord. 22-4882, 6-21-2022)

The purpose of this article is to ensure safe and adequate access to the public street network by establishing standards to control the location and number of access points, separate and control intersection conflict areas, remove turning vehicles from through travel lanes when appropriate, provide adequate spacing between driveways, and minimize impervious driveway surface in the parkway portion of the public right of way. These standards help to ensure that the city's street network is designed to balance the functions of access to adjoining property, pedestrian circulation, and vehicular traffic circulation. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   It is unlawful for any person to cut, break, or remove any curb along a street except in compliance with the requirements of this article, or unless specifically exempted or superseded by more specific provisions of this title.

   B.   No building permit will be issued and no site plan or subdivision will be approved unless the proposed development is in compliance with the requirements of this article.

   C.   Every residential and nonresidential property will be permitted at least one means of vehicular access to a public street. However, direct driveway access to a public street may not be permitted in all instances. Use of alleys, private rear lanes, backage roads, and cross access easements may be required as alternatives to direct street access.

   D.   The specifications, design, and construction of all curb cuts, access drives and sidewalks must comply with the Iowa City municipal design standards (MDS), as amended. In cases where the provisions of the MDS conflict with the provisions of this article, the provisions of this article shall govern.

   E.   Arterial streets, as referenced in this article, are those streets shown on the Iowa City arterial street map in figure 5C.1 (found in subsection 14-5C-6F of this article), and include future arterial streets as shown on the map. Said map is based on the JCCOG arterial street map, as amended. If the JCCOG arterial street map, as amended, conflicts with figure 5C.1 of this article, the JCCOG map will supersede figure 5C.1. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 06-4245, 12-12-2006; Ord. 20-4833, 11-17-2020)

   A.   Except as otherwise specified in subsections B through D of this section, an access permit must be obtained prior to cutting, breaking, or removing any curb. Procedures for obtaining an access permit are specified in chapter 8, "Review And Approval Procedures", of this title.

   B.   An access permit is always required for access to an arterial street, unless the specific access point has already been approved through the site plan review process.

   C.   For local and collector streets, if access locations are specified and approved as a part of a subdivision or site plan review process, separate access permits are not required upon development of the individual lots within the subdivision. However, an access permit is required if the request for an access point is other than what was approved through the site plan review or the subdivision process or if access was not addressed through the subdivision or site plan review process.

   D.   For access to a state highway, an access permit must be approved by the Iowa department of transportation (IDOT), with a recommendation from the city. A recommendation from the city is required prior to filing an application with the IDOT. However, a separate city access permit is not required. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   E.   Historic review, as set forth in chapter 8, article E, "Historic Preservation Commission Approval Procedures", of this title, is required for any new access to property designated as an Iowa City landmark or property located in a historic or conservation district. (Ord. 06-4245, 12-12-2006)

   A.   Driveway Spacing From Street Intersections: On corner lots, driveways must be constructed as far away from the intersection as possible while maintaining the driveway spacing standards specified in subsection B of this section. In addition to this general standard, the following standards apply, based on the functional classification of the street.

      1.   Along local streets and collector streets, there must be a minimum of twenty feet (20') between the end of a radius of a street intersection and the beginning of a driveway curb cut as measured at the curb line, except as required in the subsection A2 of this section.

      2.   Along collector streets, where they intersect with arterial streets, there must be a minimum of fifty feet (50') between the end of a radius of a street intersection and the beginning of a driveway curb cut as measured at the curb line.

      3.   Along arterial streets, there must be a minimum of one hundred fifty feet (150') between the end of a radius of a street intersection and the beginning of a driveway curb cut as measured at the curb line.

      4.   Additional distance between the radius of a street intersection and the beginning of a driveway curb cut may be required by the city where deemed necessary due to high traffic volumes or other safety concerns.

      5.   The city may adjust the driveway spacing standards so that driveways line up with existing driveways across the street.

   B.   Minimum Spacing Between Driveways:

      1.   Along arterial streets, there must be at least fifty feet (50') between curb cuts, measured at the curb line. No portion of a driveway may be constructed within twenty five feet (25') of a side property line extended, except when a common driveway agreement has been reached with an adjacent property owner and is of record.

      2.   Along local and collector streets, there must be at least six feet (6') between curb cuts, measured at the curb line. No portion of a driveway may be constructed closer than three feet (3') to a side property line extended, except when a common driveway agreement has been reached with an adjacent property owner and is of record.

   C.   Modifications To Driveway Spacing Standards: If it can be demonstrated that there is practical difficulty meeting a driveway spacing standard contained in this section due to topographical limitations, natural features of the site, or other circumstances peculiar to the property in question, a property owner may request a modification or waiver of said standard according to the applicable approval criteria for a minor modification as set forth in chapter 4, article B of this title. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The following location and dimensional standards for access points provide the opportunity for access to streets while setting limits on the number of curb cuts permitted and the width of driveways. Maximums are intended as an upper limit on the number and dimensions of driveways and should not be construed as minimum requirements. In many cases, fewer and narrower driveways may be desirable to reduce interruption of the city's street and sidewalk system, to preserve opportunities for on street parking, and to reduce impervious surface and storm water runoff.

   A.   Household Living Uses, Except Multi-Family Uses:

      1.   Group Households: Group households must comply with the access regulations that pertain to the type of dwelling in which the group household is located. For example, a group household located in a two-family use must comply with the access regulations for two-family uses.

      2.   Number Of Access Points Allowed:

         a.   For detached single-family dwellings and detached zero lot line dwellings, a maximum of two (2) access points may be approved per property, regardless of whether it is a single frontage, double frontage, or corner lot. For lots with less than fifty feet (50') of frontage, only one access point is allowed.

         b.   For attached single-family dwellings and two-family uses, a maximum of one access point per dwelling unit will be allowed, regardless of whether it is a single frontage, double frontage, or corner lot.

      3.   Access Based On Street Classification: Direct lot access to city streets is allowed according to the following rules. Single- family and two-family uses must also comply with the single- family site development standards as set forth in section 14-2A-6 of this title and/or according to any applicable provisions of the single-family density bonus options set forth in section 14-2A-7 of this title.

         a.   If two (2) access points are approved for a single lot, the primary access drive must be from the lower classified street.

         b.   Where a lot is adjacent to a paved alley or paved private rear lane, primary access must be from the alley or private rear lane, unless, due to topographical limitations or other unique circumstances, such access is not feasible.

         c.   For properties without feasible access to a paved alley or paved private rear lane, the primary access may be located along a local or collector street. For lots with frontage along more than one street, primary access must be located along the lower classified street.

         d.   Direct lot access to an arterial street may be requested when access to a paved alley, private rear lane, local street, or collector street is not feasible due to inadequate frontage, topographical limitations or other unique circumstances. When land is being subdivided or resubdivided into lots intended for single-family or two-family uses, individual lot access to arterial streets is discouraged. The city, at its discretion, may deny a request for a subdivision design that would necessitate individual lot access for single-family and two-family uses to an arterial street. Requests for direct lot access to an arterial street are subject to the provisions of section 14-5C-6, "Arterial Street Access Requirements", of this article.

         e.   For two-family uses and attached single-family dwellings in the RS-5 and RS-8 zone, if access to a paved alley or private rear lane is not feasible, the garage entrance and access drive for a dwelling unit must be oriented towards the same street as that dwelling unit's main entrance.

      4.   Narrow Lots: Additional access restrictions may apply to lots less than sixty feet (60') in width. See the single-family site development standards contained in chapter 2, article A, "Single- Family Residential Zones", of this title.

      5.   Shared Driveways: Dwellings may share drives and aisles; provided, that a shared access easement is secured from the owners of each property sharing the drive or aisle. The easement must be recorded and proof of such recording must be submitted prior to issuance of an access permit.

      6.   Dimensional Standards:

         a.   For alley or rear lane access, the driveway is allowed to be as wide as necessary to provide access to the garage or parking space(s).

         b.   For properties with a single access point, the maximum driveway width is twenty four feet (24') measured at the property line and thirty feet (30') measured at the curb line.

         c.   If two (2) access points are approved on a single frontage lot, the maximum dimension for each driveway is twelve feet (12') measured at the property line and eighteen feet (18') measured at the curb line.

         d.   For single-family uses, if two (2) access points are approved, one from an alley or private rear lane, and one from a street, the primary access drive must be from the alley or private rear lane. In such a case, the maximum driveway width for the secondary driveway from the street is twelve feet (12') measured at the property line and eighteen feet (18') measured at the curb line. The access drive from the alley or rear lane is allowed to be as wide as necessary to provide access to the garage or parking space(s).

         e.   For single-family uses, if two (2) access points are approved on a double frontage or corner lot, one on each frontage, maximum driveway width for the primary driveway is twenty four feet (24') measured at the property line and thirty feet (30') measured at the curb line. The maximum driveway width for the secondary driveway is twelve feet (12') measured at the property line and eighteen feet (18') measured at the curb line.

         f.   For two-family uses, if two (2) access points are approved, one from an alley or private rear lane, and one from a street, the maximum driveway width for the driveway from the street is twenty feet (20') at the property line and twenty six feet (26') at the curb line. The access drive from the alley or rear lane is allowed to be as wide as necessary to provide access to the garage or parking space(s).

         g.   For two-family uses, if two (2) access points are approved on a double frontage or corner lot, one on each frontage, the maximum driveway width for each driveway is twenty feet (20') at the property line and twenty six feet (26') at the curb line.

         h.   The maximum width for shared driveways is twenty four feet (24') measured at the property line and thirty feet (30') measured at the curb line.

         i.   Additional driveway width restrictions may apply to lots narrower than sixty feet (60'). (See single-family site development standards contained in chapter 2, article A of this title.)

         j.   In all cases, at least fifty percent (50%) of the area within the front building setback must remain open space free of impervious surface. Drives may not be constructed such that this limit is exceeded, except when a special exception is granted by the board of adjustment according to the applicable approval criteria as stated in the base zone.

   B.   Multi-Family Uses And Group Living Uses:

      1.   Group Households: Group households located within multi-family uses are subject to the standards of this subsection.

      2.   Determining Number And Location Of Access Points:

         a.   The city will grant direct lot access to local or collector streets based on the size of the residential development, anticipated traffic, the location, the surrounding land uses, and the availability of cross access easements, or alley or private rear lane access. Based on these factors, the city will determine the number and location of access points.

         b.   Direct lot access to arterial streets may be requested if access to an alley, private rear lane, local street, or collector street is not feasible and if access is not feasible by means of a cross access easement. Requests for direct lot access to an arterial street are subject to the provisions of section 14-5C-6, "Arterial Street Access Requirements", of this article.

         c.   No more than two (2) driveways will be allowed on any single frontage property. No more than three (3) driveways will be allowed on any double frontage/corner lot, with a maximum of two (2) driveways permitted along any one street.

      3.   Driveway Dimensional Standards: The city will determine driveway specifications, including width and configuration of lanes, for multi-family and group living uses based on the size of the development, the anticipated traffic generated by the use, the location, the surrounding land uses, and the functional classification of the street to which the driveway provides access. Driveway widths may not exceed twenty four feet (24') measured at the property line and thirty two feet (32') at the curb line, except as required by the city for high traffic volume situations.

   C.   Nonresidential Uses:

      1.   Determining Number And Location Of Access Points:

         a.   The city will grant direct lot access to local or collector streets that are nonresidential in nature, provided traffic circulation and/or public safety will not be compromised. The city will determine the number, location, and design of the access based on the size and location of the nonresidential development, the type of use, the anticipated traffic and safety issues, and the surrounding land uses.

         b.   When a site is being developed or redeveloped for nonresidential uses, existing access points along local or collector streets may be retained in most instances. However, the city may require that an access point be moved or combined with another access point in order to prevent public safety or traffic circulation problems that might reasonably be expected to occur due to the development or redevelopment of the site.

         c.   Institutional uses that are allowed in residential zones may be permitted access to residential local and collector streets, provided such access does not conflict with the approval criteria for provisional and special exception uses contained in chapter 4, article B of this title.

         d.   Direct lot access to arterial streets may be requested if access to a local or collector street is not feasible and if access is not feasible by means of a cross access easement. Requests for direct lot access to an arterial street are subject to the provisions of section 14-5C-6, "Arterial Street Access Requirements", of this article.

         e.   No more than two (2) driveways will be allowed on any single frontage property. No more than three (3) driveways will be allowed on any double-frontage/corner lot, with a maximum of two (2) driveways permitted along any one street.

      2.   Driveway Dimensional Standards:

         a.   The city will determine driveway specifications, including width and configuration of lanes, for nonresidential uses based on the size of the nonresidential development, the anticipated traffic generated by the use, the location, the surrounding land uses, and the functional classification of the street to which the driveway provides access.

         b.   Driveway widths may not exceed thirty four feet (34') measured at the property line and forty two feet (42') at the curb line, except as required by the city for high traffic volume situations and for commercial and industrial properties that need to accommodate large truck traffic. The Iowa City municipal design standards, as amended, describe and illustrate type A, B, and C driveways that are intended for these situations. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Direct lot access to an arterial street (see figure 5C.1 at subsection F of this section) will only be granted upon presentation by the applicant of convincing evidence that an alternative means of access is not feasible from an intersecting local or collector street or through means of a cross access easement.

   B.   The city will approve or deny a request for direct lot access to an arterial street based on whether an alternative means of access is available, the size and nature of the proposed development, the anticipated amount of traffic that will be generated by the development, the capacity of the surrounding streets, and the character of surrounding land uses. At the discretion of the city, a traffic study may be required as described in subsection C of this section for any request for access to an arterial street.

   C.   When an applicant makes a request for driveway access from any use to an arterial street, either as part of an access permit application or an application for a new subdivision, the city may require the applicant to conduct and submit a traffic study. The city will determine the scope of the traffic study. The traffic study must provide accurate and convincing evidence justifying the need for the proposed access point and also determine whether additional traffic control improvements are necessary for safe access. These improvements may include, but are not limited to the following:

      1.   Right turn lanes.

      2.   Left turn lanes, including two-way left turn lanes.

      3.   Opening or closing a median.

      4.   Cross access roads or driveways.

      5.   Installation or modification of traffic signals, or other traffic control devices.

      6.   Widening or narrowing driveways and improving on site vehicle storage areas.

      7.   Consolidating or closing existing driveways.

      8.   Relocating or re-orienting access to provide better sight distance.

      9.   Redesigning internal road and parking layout.

      10.   Modifications to on street parking or off street parking.

   D.   If the city determines that a cross access easement, road or driveway is required as a condition of approval, the development must adhere to the standards for cross access easements outlined in section 14-5C-7 of this article.

   E.   In addition to any traffic control improvements required based on the traffic study, the driveway spacing, location, and dimensional standards contained in this article must be met.

   F.   Figure 5C.1 - Iowa City Arterial Street System:

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Purpose: Cross access easements provide the opportunity to minimize the number of access points along an arterial street in order to maximize the traffic carrying capacity of the street and improve the overall safety of the transportation corridor.

   B.   Applicability And Rules Of Interpretation:

      1.   If a property with frontage along an arterial street is proposed to be subdivided, developed or redeveloped for any multi-family, group living, commercial, or industrial use, a cross access easement must be provided by the property owner to all adjoining properties that front on the same arterial street that are or may be developed as multi-family, group living, commercial, or industrial uses.

      2.   The city may waive the requirement for a cross access easement in cases where unusual topography, existing buildings, utility substations or other unique conditions would render such an easement functionally unusable. The city may also waive cross access easement requirements between properties that contain dissimilar uses, such as between residential uses and commercial or industrial uses.

      3.   The city may approve the vacation of cross access easements in those cases where the adjoining parcels are subsequently developed with a dissimilar use such as a single-family dwelling or duplex, multi-family dwellings adjacent to commercial uses, or other similar situation.

   C.   Requirements:

      1.   The cross access easement must be at least twenty four feet (24') in width, unless a narrower width is approved by the city due to topography, existing buildings, or other site conditions.

      2.   The drive or lane constructed in the cross access easement must be at least twenty feet (20') wide, unless a greater width is required due to fire apparatus access drive requirements or driveway width requirements contained in chapter 5, article A, "Off Street Parking And Loading Standards", of this title.

      3.   The cross access drive must meet any other applicable standards for access drives contained in chapter 5, article A, "Off Street Parking And Loading Standards", of this title.

      4.   Cross access easements should function as rear service lanes or as traffic circulation drives between parking areas of adjacent properties. See figures 5C.2 and 5C.3 below.

      5.   Permanent structures that would interfere with the proposed access are not permitted within the easement. Improvements such as medians and parking islands may be constructed within a cross access easement if it can be demonstrated that adequate circulation and cross access will be accomplished.

      6.   The property owner is responsible for properly maintaining the cross access easement. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The intersection visibility standards establish triangular areas on corner lots, referred to herein as "vision triangles", within which the placement of buildings, fences, hedges, walls, and other structures is restricted in order to maintain clear lines of sight at street intersections for the purposes of traffic and pedestrian safety. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

Lots located at the corner of any street intersection must comply with the requirements of this article, unless specifically exempted or superseded by more specific provisions of this title. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 20-4833, 11-17-2020)

The dimensions of vision triangles are determined as follows: (See also figure 5D.1, located at the end of this section.)

   A.   At the intersection of two (2) local streets, a local street with a collector street, or two (2) collector streets, the legs of the vision triangle will be thirty feet (30') in length, as measured along the curb line from the point where the curbs of the two (2) streets intersect. In the absence of a curb, the legs of the triangle will be thirty feet (30') in length, as measured along the edge of the street pavement from the point where the pavement of the two (2) streets intersect.

   B.   At the intersection of two (2) arterial streets, the legs of the triangle will be thirty feet (30') in length, as measured along the right of way line from the point the right of way lines of the two (2) streets intersect.

   C.   At the intersection of a local street with an arterial or at the intersection of a collector street with an arterial, the local or collector leg of the triangle will be thirty feet (30') in length, as measured along the curb line from the point where the curbs of the streets intersect. The arterial leg of the triangle will be thirty feet (30') in length, as measured along the right of way line from the point the right of way lines of the two (2) streets intersect.

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Prohibited Obstructions: The following obstructions are prohibited within vision triangles:

      1.   Hedges and walls higher than two feet (2') above the curb level.

      2.   Fences higher than two feet (2') above the curb level. However, fences that are of a type that is less than twenty percent (20%) solid, such as split rail, open weave, or wrought iron, are permitted within the vision triangle; provided, that such fences are kept free from plantings and other materials that are more than two feet (2') in height. Solidity is the percent of the fence over a random area that is made up of solid, opaque material that does not allow light or air to pass through.

      3.   Signs, except as specifically exempted in subsection B of this section.

      4.   Structures of any type, including principal and accessory buildings, except as exempted in subsection B of this section.

      5.   Items of outdoor display or storage, including ornamental features, such as fountains, statues, garden structures and similar features.

      6.   Parking and vehicular display areas.

   B.   Exemptions: The following structures are exempt from the provisions of this article:

      1.   Structures, including signs, in the CB-2, CB-5 and CB-10 zones.

      2.   After review by the city, buildings on lots at intersections where both streets are signalized. The city will approve or deny a request to construct a building within the vision triangle based on such factors as street right of way width, speed and volume of traffic through the intersection, and the number of turning movements.

      3.   Utility and street light poles.

      4.   Traffic control equipment, including control boxes, traffic signs, and structures that support traffic signals.

      5.   Building signs located on buildings that are exempt from the vision triangle requirements as specified in subsections B1 and B2 of this section.

      6.   A sign established according to chapter 5, article B, "Sign Regulations", of this title, provided the bottom edge of the sign and any supporting structure is at least eight feet (8') above the adjacent curb level, so that visual clearance is maintained within the vision triangle. Poles and supporting structures for signs are prohibited within the vision triangle. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The intent of this article is to encourage the retention of existing trees and to provide for the planting of new trees along streets, on two-family, multi-family and group living residential properties, and to provide planting and maintenance standards for required trees and landscaping. Trees and landscaping provide shade, reduce heat island effects in paved areas, improve the appearance of Iowa City streets and create attractive and functional living environments that will protect and enhance property values. Standards for screening and buffering are contained in chapter 5, article F, "Screening And Buffering Standards", of this title. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Applicability: No building permit shall be issued for the construction, reconstruction or structural alteration of a building nor shall any use be established or converted nor shall a certificate of occupancy be granted for a use without conformity with the provisions of the tree regulations, unless specifically exempted or superseded by more specific provisions of this title.

   B.   Exemptions: The following are exempt from the requirements of this article:

      1.   Any individual lot occupied by a detached single-family dwelling or a detached zero lot line dwelling, including group households, if located within such a dwelling.

      2.   Property in the ID and CB-10 zones.

      3.   In commercial zones, property developed in accordance with the setback requirements of the base zone in such a manner that insufficient area is available to achieve compliance with the requirements of this article; however, all trees that can be provided in compliance with the requirements must be provided. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 06-4245, 12-12-2006; Ord. 20-4833, 11-17-2020)

   A.   Permitted Species: The list of recommended trees for Iowa City, as established by the city forester, specifies the varieties of trees permitted for the uses indicated by this article. References to "large" or "small" trees herein refer to the mature heights of the trees as indicated in said list.

   B.   Landscape Plans Required: When the provisions of this article are applicable, a landscaping plan must be submitted that illustrates and lists the following information:

      1.   The size and location of required planting areas.

      2.   The mature height (small or large) of both proposed trees and trees that will be preserved.

      3.   The species of trees (both preserved and proposed).

      4.   The location of the preserved and proposed trees.

      5.   The location of any existing trees within the right of way.

   C.   Measurements:

      1.   When measuring to determine the location or spacing of required trees or shrubs, the distance is measured to the center of the tree or shrub.

      2.   Where fractional numbers of trees result from calculations, the number of trees required will be rounded to the closest whole number. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Plantings Required Prior To Occupancy:

      1.   All plantings required by this article must be installed prior to occupancy or commencement of a use, except as allowed in subsection A2 of this section.

      2.   If the plantings cannot be installed prior to occupancy or commencement of a use due to seasonal conditions that may reduce survivability, the building official may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy and grant a delay of installation until the seasonal calendar dates of June 1 or November 1, whichever occurs first, and the property owner must place in an escrow account, established with the city, an amount which will cover one hundred ten percent (110%) of the estimated cost of plants and installation.

   B.   Planting Sizes:

      1.   Deciduous Trees: At the time of planting, deciduous trees must have a single stem and have a minimum trunk diameter of one and one-half inches (1.5") measured at a point six inches (6") above ground level or above the top of burlap wrapping. It must demonstrate the growth capabilities, branching formation and crown balance that are indigenous to the particular variety. The tree must be straight of trunk with the main leader intact and must be healthy and free of disease and pests.

      2.   Coniferous Trees: At the time of planting, coniferous trees must have a minimum height of three feet (3') measured from the planted level to the top of the tree. The needle color and branching habits must be normal for the species, and the overall appearance must be indicative of previous care in pruning and development. The tree must be healthy and free of disease and pests.

   C.   Siting Requirements:

      1.   Trees must be located in a manner that, at maturity, will avoid interference with the construction, maintenance and operation of public and private utilities and services aboveground or belowground.

      2.   The minimum planting area required for large trees is two hundred fifty six (256) square feet. The minimum planting area required for small trees is one hundred twenty (120) square feet.

      3.   At the time of planting, trees and plantings must be separated from other structures and features on a site in order to minimize conflicts as plants mature. Table 5E-1 below specifies the minimum spacing between plantings and various features of a site. However, the minimum distances between trees, between trees and shrubs, and between shrubs may be reduced by twenty five percent (25%) to permit design flexibility or to create denser screening where desired.

 

 

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   The provisions of this section apply to all plantings required by this title, whether newly planted or preserved.

   B.   Required planting areas must be separated from abutting vehicular use areas, including parking spaces, drives, aisles, alleys, vehicle display and loading areas, etc., by an unmountable curb or barrier that is a minimum of five inches (5") in height. The curb or barrier must be constructed in such a manner that salt water runoff will not damage the tree or plantings.

   C.   The property owner must keep all trees properly maintained, pruned as needed, and free from trash and litter. It is the responsibility of the property owner to maintain and replace trees and plantings required by this title. Required landscaping must be continuously maintained in a healthy manner. Plants that die must be replaced. Improper maintenance, pruning, or removal of plantings may be subject to municipal infraction proceedings, up to and including environmental infraction proceedings. Any preserved tree that has been improperly maintained, pruned, or removed may be required to be replaced by the same number of trees for which it substituted.

   D.   Any trees that overhang the public right of way must be maintained in accordance with the provisions of title 10, chapter 8, "Trees And Plant Materials", of this code.

   E.   Maintenance of trees within street rights of way will be the responsibility of the city. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

Existing trees may be used to comply with the requirements of sections 14-5E-7, "Street Tree Requirements", and 14-5E-8, "Tree Requirements For Residential Uses", of this article, and to meet the tree requirements for parking areas contained in article A, "Off Street Parking And Loading Standards", of this chapter. Existing trees used to satisfy these requirements must be in good health prior to and following site development. The city forester is authorized to approve substitutions based on determination of health and survivability. Table 5E-2, "Schedule Of Substitution Values", of this section, will be used to determine the ratio of substitution. The following provisions must also be observed:

   A.   The same minimum separation distances that are required of new plantings must be observed when possible; except, that extant groupings of two (2) or more trees may be preserved upon approval by the city forester, who will also determine if trees or branches must be removed from such groupings in the interest of public safety and/or to assure survival of the specimen.

   B.   The building official will determine if a preserved tree will be a substitute for a street tree or a residential use tree, depending on its location on a lot.

   C.   The roots of a tree must be protected during site development with barrier fencing extending out at least as far as the drip line of the tree, or as far as the city forester deems necessary to minimize damage. Any limbs that might be damaged during construction must be pruned according to the direction of the city forester.

   D.   No paving or construction will be allowed within the drip line of a preserved tree.

   E.   Any preserved tree that dies within five (5) years of the issuance of a certificate of occupancy must be replaced by the same number of trees for which it substituted.

 

 

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The requirements of this section provide for trees along streets to complement and soften the edges of development, to provide a tree canopy for pedestrians, and to define and unify the street edge. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Street Trees Adjacent To Public Right Of Way:

      1.   On single frontage lots, one large tree is required for every forty (40) linear feet of frontage or one small tree for every thirty (30) linear feet of frontage, but not less than one tree per lot.

      2.   On lots with more than one frontage, one tree is required for every sixty (60) linear feet of frontage.

      3.   Required trees must be located as follows:

         a.   Trees must be planted on private property adjacent to the right of way, except when subsection A3b or A3c of this section apply. For purposes of this section, "adjacent" means that large trees must be planted within fourteen feet (14') of the right of way line and small trees must be planted within eight feet (8') of the right of way line. All other siting requirements contained in this article must be observed.

         b.   The number of trees required may be reduced by the number of qualifying trees that already exist in the right of way or adjacent to the right of way. To qualify, a tree must meet the requirements of section 14-5E-6, "Preservation Of Existing Trees", of this article.

         c.   Trees that cannot be planted adjacent to the right of way due to a conflict with any provision of this title must be planted within the right of way according to the provisions of subsection B, "Street Trees Within Public Right Of Way", of this section. However, trees that cannot be planted in conformity with the provisions of said subsection B may be omitted.

   B.   Street Trees Within Public Right Of Way:

      1.   Required street trees are to be planted within the right of way only in those cases where trees cannot be planted adjacent to the street right of way in accordance with subsection A of this section.

      2.   Trees planted in the public right of way must meet the following requirements:

         a.   A tree planting permit must be obtained from the city forester.

         b.   Trees may not be planted in the area between a curb and a sidewalk if the width of the planting area is less than nine feet (9'), unless approved by the city forester.

         c.   All other siting requirements contained in section 14-5E-4 of this article must be observed.

         d.   Any tree planted within the street right of way must have a single trunk, with a minimum of four feet (4') from grade to the first branch, at the time of planting and must conform to the requirements of title 10, chapter 8, "Trees And Plant Materials", of this code. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 12-4472, 4-3-2012)

   A.   Minimum Requirements:

      1.   For lots containing two-family dwellings, multi-family dwellings, or group living uses, trees must be planted on site at a minimum ratio of at least one tree for every five hundred fifty (550) square feet of total building coverage of the lot. Any combination of small and large trees is allowed, provided this coverage ratio is met.

      2.   For lease lot developments, trees must be planted at a ratio of one tree for every lease lot in the development. Any combination of small and large trees is allowed, provided this coverage ratio is met.

   B.   Reductions And Substitutions:

      1.   Trees planted to meet the requirements of section 14-5E-7, "Street Tree Requirements", of this article, or to meet the tree requirements for parking areas specified in article A, "Off Street Parking And Loading Standards", of this chapter, may also be used to fulfill the requirements of this section.

      2.   Existing trees preserved according to the provisions of section 14-5E-6, "Preservation Of Existing Trees", of this article may be used to fulfill the requirements of this section. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 12-4472, 4-3-2012)

The screening and buffering standards are intended to improve the appearance of Iowa City streetscapes for the benefit of its citizens; to create aesthetically pleasing and functional living environments; to protect and enhance property values; and to provide for transitions between dissimilar uses. This article contains a menu of screening tools collectively referred to as "S-series standards". These standards are applied in situations where uses, activities, materials, or equipment must be separated from or screened from view of public ways, other zones, or adjacent properties. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The screening and buffering standards will be applied throughout this title, unless specifically exempted or superseded by more specific provisions of this title, where they will be referenced with the numbers S1, S2, S3, etc. The regulations in this article address materials, placement, layout, and timing of installation. The standards in this article are expressed as minimum standards; additional landscaping and screening materials may be used as long as they do not conflict with the provisions of this article. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005; amd. Ord. 20-4833, 11-17-2020)

   A.   Permitted Plant Species: Table 5F-2, located at the end of section 14-5F-6 of this article, lists the various plant species that are allowed to be used to satisfy screening and buffering requirements. These plants were chosen because of characteristics, such as hardiness, growth rate, type and density of foliage, and mature height. Deviations from the listed plants are allowed if the replacement shrubs are similar in form or hardiness to a permitted variety and are approved by the city.

   B.   Landscape Plans Required: When provisions of this article are applicable, a landscaping plan must be submitted with the request for a building permit, which, in addition to the information normally required, must indicate the following:

      1.   The size and location of required planting areas.

      2.   The estimated mature height of required plantings, both preserved and proposed.

      3.   The common and scientific names of any required shrubs, including any shrubs preserved in lieu of new plantings.

      4.   On the plan, preserved shrubs must be distinguished from new shrubs. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   Plantings Required Prior To Occupancy:

      1.   All plantings required by this article must be installed prior to occupancy or commencement of a use, except as allowed in subsection A2 of this section.

      2.   If the plantings cannot be installed prior to occupancy or commencement of a use due to seasonal conditions that may reduce survivability, the building official may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy and grant a delay of installation until the seasonal calendar dates of June 1 or November 1, whichever occurs first, and the property owner must place in an escrow account, established with the city, an amount which will cover one hundred ten percent (110%) of the estimated cost of plants and installation.

   B.   Plant Materials Specifications:

      1.   The minimum planting height of shrubs is eighteen (18) to thirty six inches (36"), depending on species or as noted in the S-series requirements.

      2.   The use of mulch must be confined to the areas around plantings. Lawn grass or other living ground cover, such as low growing shrubs and/or creeping plants should be used for exposed areas. Decorative landscaping gravel, cobbles or small stones may be used as a mulch alternative.

   C.   Planting Area Specifications:

      1.   The minimum width of a planting area will be specified in the base zone requirements, use regulations, or development standards for the use or development being screened or buffered. If not specified in any of the above listed provisions, the minimum width of a planting area is five feet (5'). However, a wider planting area may be needed to accommodate the number and types of plants proposed and the spacing requirements listed in table 5F-1, located at the end of this section, and table 5F-2, located at the end of section 14-5F-6 of this article.

      2.   Screening and buffering requirements will often coincide with required trees. (See chapter 5, article E, "Landscaping And Tree Standards", of this title.) In such a case, the landscaping design and the size and width of the planting area must accommodate both trees and shrubs.

   D.   Siting Requirements:

      1.   Plantings may not be located in violation of the provisions of chapter 5, article D, "Intersection Visibility Standards", of this title.

      2.   At the time of planting, trees and plantings must be separated from other structures and features on a site in order to minimize conflicts as plants mature. Table 5F-1 below lists the minimum spacing between plants and between plants and other features and structures on a site. However, the minimum distances between trees, between trees and shrubs, and between shrubs may be reduced by twenty five percent (25%) to permit design flexibility or to create denser screening where desired. Distances are measured to the center of a tree or the approximate center of individual shrubs.

 

 

(Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

   A.   The provisions of this section apply to all plantings required by this title, whether newly planted or preserved.

   B.   Required planting areas must be separated from abutting vehicular use areas, including parking spaces, drives, aisles, alleys, vehicle display and loading areas, etc., by an unmountable curb or barrier that is a minimum of five inches (5") in height. The curb or barrier must be constructed in such a manner that salt water runoff will not damage trees or plantings.

   C.   The property owner must keep all plantings properly maintained, pruned as needed, and free from trash and litter. It is the responsibility of the property owner to maintain and replace trees and plantings required by this title. Required landscaping must be continuously maintained in a healthy manner. Plants that die must be replaced. Improper maintenance, pruning, or removal of plantings may be subject to municipal infraction proceedings, up to and including environmental infraction proceedings.

   D.   Any trees that overhang the public right of way must be maintained in accordance with the provisions of title 10, chapter 8, "Trees And Plant Materials", of this code.

   E.   To prevent interference with pedestrian traffic, plantings must be located appropriately and maintained so that foliage does not grow any closer than one foot (1') to the edge of a sidewalk or pedestrian trail. This one foot (1') setback must be maintained for at least the first nine feet (9') of plant height.

   F.   Maintenance of trees within street rights of way is the responsibility of the city. (Ord. 05-4186, 12-15-2005)

The screening and buffering standards listed below will be applied throughout this title, where they will be referenced with the numbers S1, S2, S3, etc. The plant varieties listed in table 5F-2, located at the end of this section, are to be used to satisfy the requirements of these various standards. Deviations from the listed plants are allowed if the replacement shrubs are similar in form or hardiness to a permitted variety and are approved by the city.

   A.   General Buffering, S1:

      1.   Intent: The S1 standard is a basic transitional buffering standard, where planting areas separate uses from the public right of way, define edges and separate vehicular use areas from pedestrians, yet allow views to easily penetrate, as for outdoor sales display lots and for general landscaping on commercial properties.

      2.   Requirements: A grass lawn must be maintained within the landscaped area, with groupings of low growing shrubs and ground plants. Approximately half the landscaping plants must be of an evergreen variety to provide texture and color throughout the year. Plantings should be arranged to achieve the desired buffering effect, but there is no established minimum or maximum height.

      3.   Figure 5F.1 - General Buffering, S1:

   B.   Variable Height Screen, S2:

      1.   Intent: The S2 standard is a buffering treatment that uses distance and low level screening to separate uses from the public right of way, from other zones, to define edges and separate vehicular use areas from pedestrians. The standard is applied where moderate screening is necessary to soften the impact of uses or paved areas, but where some visibility between areas is more desirable than a total visual screen.

      2.   Required Materials: The S2 standard requires enough shrubs to form a landscape screen ranging between two feet (2') and four feet (4') in height. At least a third of the shrubs must grow to no less than four feet (4') in height.

         a.   Alternative Materials (Option A): Low berms or planters may be used to elevate shrubs as long as the overall height of the screening ranges from two feet (2') to four feet (4'). At least one-third (1/3) of the shrubs must grow to no less than four feet (4') in height.

         b.   Alternative Materials (Option B): A continuous or semicontinuous two (2) to three foot (3') high masonry wall. Breaks in the wall are permitted for sidewalk access and to accommodate required street trees. One shrub per ten (10) linear feet of wall, on average, is required. Shrubs may be grouped, but long stretches without any shrubs should be avoided. At least one-third (1/3) of the shrubs must grow to no less than four feet (4') in height.

      3.   Figure 5F.2 - Variable Height Screen, S2:

   C.   High Screen, S3:

      1.   Intent: The S3 standard is a buffering treatment that uses dense landscape screening to provide a visual and physical separation between uses and zones. It is commonly applied between residential uses and commercial and industrial uses and to screen outdoor work or storage areas.

      2.   Required Materials: Enough shrubs and small evergreens to form a continuous screen or hedge at least five feet (5') to six feet (6') in height and more than fifty percent (50%) solid year round. Screening materials must be at least three feet (3') high when planted. At least one-half (1/2) the shrubs must be evergreen varieties.

         a.   Alternative Materials (Option A): A berm may be used in conjunction with a hedge to achieve an overall height of six feet (6').

         b.   Alternative Materials (Option B): A continuous or semicontinuous five (5) to six foot (6') high masonry wall or solid fence. Breaks in the wall or fence are permitted for access and to accommodate required street trees. One shrub per ten (10) linear feet of wall, on average, is required. Shrubs may be grouped, but long stretches without any shrubs should be avoided. At least one-third (1/3) of the shrubs must grow to no less than five feet (5') in height.

      3.   Figure 5F.3 - High Screen, S3:

   D.   Open Pattern Fence Or Wall, S4:

      1.   Intent: The S4 standard provides a tall, semiopaque visual separation. The standard is applied where separation is required, but where visibility between areas is more desirable than a total visual screen. This standard provides for instances where security may be an issue and where landscaping is not a practical option.

      2.   Required Materials: A four (4) to six foot (6') high fence of fifty percent (50%) or greater opacity constructed of wood, brick, metal, masonry or other permanent materials.

   E.   Opaque Fence Or Wall, S5:

      1.   Intent: The S5 standard provides a complete visual separation. The standard is applied in instances where complete screening is needed to protect abutting uses. This standard provides for instances where security may be an issue and where landscaping is not a practical option.

      2.   Required Materials: A four (4) to eight foot (8') high fence, completely opaque, constructed of wood, brick, metal, masonry or other permanent materials. When used for dumpster or utility enclosures, the material must match the primary building material or be complementary to it. The height of the fence or wall will be determined based on the activity, materials, or equipment being screened. In general, the fence or wall should be of sufficient height to screen the activity, materials, or equipment from public view.