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Kill Devil Hills City Zoning Code

GENERAL REGULATIONS

§ 153.070 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT.

   (A) The purpose of this chapter is to:
      (1)   Mitigate damage to property caused by flooding;
      (2)   Reduce pollutants and ecological hazards;
      (3)   Reduce existing and future maintenance of, and capital expenditures for, stormwater drainage systems;
      (4)   Cooperate in the coordination of related goals expressed by state and federal regulations and that require certain actions with regard to but not limited to stormwater management, soil erosion and sedimentation control and floodplain management;
      (5)   Guide growth in an orderly manner consistent with the Kill Devil Hills Land Use Plan; and
      (6)   Encourage nonconforming sites to comply as much as practicable when a change of use or alteration occurs.
   (B)   All commercial development (new or substantial improvements) and one or two-family dwellings greater than 6,000 square feet lot coverage (new or substantial improvements) shall provide a comprehensive plan for the proper drainage of all surface water to systems on and off the property in question. The design criteria as stated in the following divisions or that as may be specified by state or federal agencies, whichever is the most restrictive, will be used. Every reasonable effort will be made to retain a maximum of the runoff on site to the extent feasible and practical. The Stormwater Management Plan shall be certified by a North Carolina registered design professional for compliance to requirements of this section.
   (C)   All surface water drainage into the site being developed or generated on said site must be accommodated in accordance with these guidelines. All surface water drainage leaving the site shall be channeled to points of approved discharge, including but not limited to, a natural or man-made watercourse, a lake, pond, ditch, stormwater drainage system, or other appropriate and approved points of discharge. Filling of a natural or man-made watercourse, lake, pond, ditch, stormwater drainage system is hereby permitted if it meets the following requirement: A plan must be submitted to the town sealed by North Carolina Licensed Engineer demonstrating that such project will not diminish the town's ability to manage stormwater.
   (D)   No surface water shall be channeled or directed into a sanitary sewer or septic tank system. Distances between open ditches and septic tank systems must be specified on the plans and approved by the Dare County Sanitarian. This approval must be obtained by the developer prior to approval of the drainage system by the town.
   (E)   For management and control of stormwater runoff, techniques such as but not limited to retention, detention and infiltration systems will be used.
   (F)   The drainage design criteria for open and closed drainage systems shall conform to generally accepted stormwater engineering practices.
   (G)   Development plans shall show the flow direction of stormwater on and off the property; size, slope, invert and rim elevations of system components; and ditch cross sections in the vicinity of the development and/or to a distance as is necessary to evaluate the impact of runoff to existing surface water drainage systems.
   (H)   Drainage calculation, drainage area maps, flood routing calculations, infiltration calculations, storm sewer back water curve calculations and other information that may be required from time to time shall accompany or be a part of site plans submitted.
   (I)   Estimated runoff calculations may be computed by the Rational Method (Q=CIA) (see below) or other approved methodologies. Sizing of structures will be based on the Manning Equation. Culverts shall be evaluated for inlet and outlet control as necessary.
      (1)   Q means flow in cubic feet per second.
      (2)   C means runoff coefficient.
      (3)   I means rainfall intensity in inches per hour.
      (4)   A means drainage area in acres.
   (J)   Systems shall be designed to retain, as a minimum, runoff expected from a ten-year, two-hour storm (4.3 inches of rainfall). There may be some situations which would warrant a different requirement due to the size of the system. The design engineer will contact the town planning staff in the preliminary design stages to determine if a change is warranted.
   (K)   A modified rational method hydrograph procedure may be used in sizing retention and detention systems for sites up to one acre in size. For sites greater than one acre, a runoff hydrograph shall be computed using the tabular method as defined in the most recent edition of SCS TR-55 or other accepted engineering analysis.
   (L)   All underground storm sewers, open drainage ways and related structures shall be constructed to the applicable provisions of the most recent edition of Roadway Standard Drawings and Standard Specifications for Road and Structures produced by the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
   (M)   During the construction, preparation, arrangement and installation of improvements and facilities in developments, the developer shall maintain each stream, creek, ditch or channel contiguous to or located within the subdivision in an unobstructed state and shall remove from such watercourses and the banks of the watercourses all debris, logs, timber and other accumulations that would, in time of flood, clog or dam the passage of waters in their downstream course. Installation of appropriately sized conduits, culverts, bridges or other required structures shall not be constructed in a way which will obstruct the flow of drainage.
   (N)   During the development of a site, the person conducting the land-disturbing activity shall install and maintain all temporary and permanent erosion and sedimentation control measures as required by the approved plan or any provision of this chapter, the Act or any order adopted pursuant to this chapter or the Act. After site development, the landowner or person in possession or control of the land shall install and/or maintain all necessary permanent erosion and sedimentation control measures, except those measures installed within a road or street right-of-way or easement accepted for maintenance by a governmental agency.
   (O)   Whenever the town determines that significant sedimentation is occurring as a result of land-disturbing activity, despite application and maintenance of protective practices, the person conducting the land-disturbing activity will be required to and shall take additional protective action.
   (P)   In all cases, including one- and two-family dwellings, the developer shall be required to provide culvert pipes, swales, any improvements in the adjoining right-of-way and other related drainage improvements as required by the Public Services Department. Such improvements must be in place and inspected for compliance and completion by the Public Services Department before a Certificate of Occupancy is issued.
   (Q)   Stormwater management maintenance. To ensure the proper operation, the owner shall be responsible for the operation and maintenance of all required stormwater management features:
      (1)   All features of the approved stormwater management plan must be regularly maintained and repaired as necessary in order for the system to function as originally designed and shall comply with the criteria of the North Carolina Division of Water Quality Stormwater Design Manual (current edition).
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 02-08, passed 6-10-02; Am. Ord. 14-09, passed 5-12-14; Am. Ord. 17-9, passed 9-11-19; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.071 SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL.

   (A)   Purpose.
      (1)   Regulate certain land-disturbing activity to control accelerated erosion and sedimentation in order to prevent the pollution of water and other damage to lakes, watercourses and other public and private property by sedimentation.
      (2)   Reduce damage to storm drainage facilities.
      (3)   Cooperate in the coordination of the related goals expressed by state and federal regulations and that require certain actions with regard to stormwater management, soil erosion and sedimentation control, floodplain management and the like.
      (4)   Establish procedures through which this regulation can be fulfilled.
   (B)   Scope and exclusions.
      (1)   Geographical scope of regulated land-disturbing activity. This section shall apply to land-disturbing activity within the territorial jurisdiction of the town and to the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the town as allowed by agreement between local governments, the extent of annexation or other appropriate legal instrument or law.
      (2)   Exclusions from regulated land-disturbing activity. Notwithstanding the general applicability of this section to all land-disturbing activity, this section shall not apply to the following types of land-disturbing activity:
         (a)   An activity, including breeding and grazing of livestock, undertaken on agricultural land for the production of plants and animals useful to man, including, but not limited to:
            1.   Forage and sod crops, grain and feed crops, tobacco, cotton, and peanuts;
            2.   Dairy animals and dairy products;
            3.   Poultry and poultry products;
            4.   Livestock, including beef cattle, sheep, swine, horses, ponies, mules, and goats;
            5.   Bees and apiary products;
            6.   Fur producing animals.
         (b)   An activity undertaken on forestland for the production and harvesting of timber and timber products and conducted in accordance with best management practices set out in Forest Practice Guidelines Related to Water Quality, as adopted by the Department. If land-disturbing activity undertaken on forestland for the production and harvesting of timber and timber products is not conducted in accordance with Forest Practice Guidelines Related to Water Quality, the provisions of this section shall apply to such activity and any related land-disturbing activity on the tract;
         (c)   An activity for which a permit is required under the Mining Act of 1971, G.S. Ch. 75, Art. 7;
         (d)   A land-disturbing activity over which the state has exclusive regulatory jurisdiction as provided in G.S. § 113A-56(a);
         (e)   An activity which is essential to protect human life during an emergency;
         (f)   Activities undertaken to restore the wetland functions of converted wetlands to provide compensatory mitigation to offset impacts permitted under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act;
         (g)   Activities undertaken pursuant to Natural Resources Conservation Service standards to restore the wetlands functions of converted wetlands as defined in 7 C.F.R. § 12.2.
      (3)   Plan approval exceptions. Notwithstanding the general requirement to obtain a plan approval prior to undertaking land-disturbing activity, a plan approval shall not be required for land-disturbing activity that does not exceed 1/2 acre in surface area. In determining the area, lands under one or diverse ownership being developed as a unit will be aggregated.
   (C)   General requirements.
      (1)   No person shall initiate any land-disturbing activity which uncovers more than 1/2 acre without having an erosion control plan approved by the town.
      (2)   Persons conducting land-disturbing activity shall take all reasonable measures to protect all public and private property from damage caused by such activity.
      (3)   Whenever conflicts exist between federal, state or local laws, ordinances or rules, the more restrictive provision shall apply.
   (D)   Mandatory standards for land-disturbing activity. No land-disturbing activity subject to the control of this section shall be undertaken except in accordance with the following mandatory standards:
      (1)   No land-disturbing activity shall be permitted in proximity to a lake or natural watercourse unless a buffer zone is provided along the margin of the watercourse of sufficient width to confine visible siltation within the 25% of the buffer zone nearer the land-disturbing activity, provided that this division shall not apply to a land-disturbing activity in connection with the construction of facilities to be located on, over or under a lake or natural watercourse.
      (2)   The angle for graded slopes and fills shall be no greater than the angle which can be retained by vegetative cover or other adequate erosion control devices or structures. In any event, slopes left exposed will, within 21 days of any phase of grading, be planted or otherwise provided with ground cover, devices or structures sufficient to restrain erosion. The angle for the graded slopes and gills must be demonstrated to be stable. Stable is the condition where the soil remains in its original configuration, with or without mechanical constraints.
      (3)   Unless a permit from the Department's Division of Waste Management to operate a landfill is on file for the official site, acceptable fill material shall be free of organic or other degradable materials, masonry, concrete and brick in sizes exceeding 12 inches, and any materials which would cause the site to be regulated as a landfill by the State of North Carolina.
      (4)   Whenever land-disturbing activity is undertaken on a tract comprising more than 1/2 acre, the person conducting the land-disturbing activity shall install such sedimentation and erosion control devices and practices as are sufficient to retain the sediment generated by the land-disturbing activity within the boundaries of the tract during construction upon and development of said tract and shall plant or otherwise provide a permanent ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion after completion of construction or development within 15 working days or 90 calendar days, whichever is shorter.
      (5)   No person shall initiate any land-disturbing activity if more than 1/2 acre is to be uncovered, unless 30 or more days prior to initiating the activity an erosion and sedimentation control plan for such activity is filed with and approved by the town.
      (6)   Buffer measurement. Unless otherwise provided, the width of a buffer zone is measured horizontally from the edge of the water to the nearest edge of the disturbed area, with the 25% of the strip nearer the land-disturbing activity containing natural or artificial means of confining visible siltation.
      (7)   The land disturbing activity shall be conducted in accordance with the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan.
   (E)   Erosion and sedimentation control plans.
      (1)   An erosion control plan shall be prepared for all land-disturbing activities subject to this section whenever the proposed activity is to be undertaken on a tract comprising more than 1/2 acre, if more than 1/2 acre is to be uncovered. The plan shall be filed with the town and the Dare County Soil and Water Conservation District 30 days prior to the commencement of the proposed activity.
      (2)   The town shall forward to the Director of the Division of Water Quality a copy of each erosion and sedimentation control plan for a land-disturbing activity that involves the utilization of ditches for the purpose of de-watering to lowering the water table of the tract.
      (3)   Prior plan approval. No persons shall initiate land-disturbing activity if more than 1/2 acre is to be uncovered unless, 30 or more days prior to initiating the activity, a plan for such activity is filed with and approved by the town. The town shall forward to the Director of the Division of Water Quality a copy of each plan for a land-disturbing activity that involves utilization of ditches for the purpose of de-watering or lowering the water table of the tract.
      (4)   Financial responsibility and ownership. Plans shall be disapproved unless accompanied by an authorized statement of financial responsibility and ownership. This statement shall be signed by the person financially responsible for the land-disturbing activity or his attorney in fact. The statement shall include the mailing and street addresses of the principal place of business of the person financially responsible, the owner of the land, and any registered agents. If the person financially responsible is not a resident of North Carolina, a North Carolina agent must be designated in the statement for the purpose of receiving notice of compliance or noncompliance with the plan, the Act, this section, or rules or orders issued pursuant to this section. If the applicant is not the owner of the land to be disturbed, the draft erosion and sedimentation control plan must include the owner's written consent for the applicant to submit a draft erosion and sedimentation control plan and to conduct the anticipated land-disturbing activity.
      (5)   Environmental Policy Act document. Any plan submitted for a land-disturbing activity for which an environmental document is required by the North Carolina Environment Policy Act (G.S. § 113A-1 et seq.) shall be deemed incomplete until a complete environmental document is available for review. The town shall promptly notify the person submitting the plan that the 30-day time limit for review of the plan pursuant to this section shall not begin until a complete environmental document is available for review.
      (6)   Soil and Water Conservation District comments. The district shall review the plan and submit any comments and the district and the town may agree upon recommendations to the town within 20 days after the district received the plan, or within any shorter period of time. Failure of the district to submit its comments within 20 days or within any agreed upon shorter period of time shall not delay final action on the plan.
      (7)    The Town Department of Planning and Inspections will review each plan submitted to them and within 30 days of receipt thereof will notify the person submitting the plan that it has been approved, approved with modifications, approved with performance reservations or disapproved. Failure to approve or disapprove a complete erosion and sedimentation control plan within 30 days of receipt shall be deemed approval. Denial of a plan will specifically state in writing the reasons for denial. The town will approve or deny a revised plan within 15 days of receipt or it is deemed to be approved. If, following commencement of a land-disturbing activity pursuant to an approved plan, the town determines that the plan is inadequate to meet the requirements of this section, it require such revisions as are necessary to comply with this section.
      (8)   The town shall only approve a plan upon determining that it complies with all applicable state and local regulations for erosion and sedimentation control. The town shall condition approval of plans upon the applicant's compliance with federal and state water quality laws, regulations and rules. The town shall establish an expiration date, not to exceed three years, for plans approved under this section.
      (9)   The town may disapprove a plan or draft plan based on its content. A disapproval based upon a plan's content must specifically state in writing the reasons for disapproval.
      (10)   Other disapprovals.
         (a)   The town shall disapprove a plan or draft plans if implementation of the plan would result in a violation of the rules adopted by the Environmental Management Commission to protect riparian buffers along surface waters. A local government shall disapprove a plan upon finding that an applicant, or a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliate of the applicant:
            1.   Is conducting or has conducted land-disturbing activity without an approved plan, or has received notice of violation of a plan previously approved by the Commission or a local government pursuant to the Act and has not complied with the notice within the time specified in the notice;
            2.   Has failed to pay a civil penalty assessed pursuant to the Act or a local ordinance adopted pursuant to the Act by the time the payment is due;
            3.   Has been convicted of a misdemeanor pursuant to G.S. § 113A-64(b) or any criminal provision of a local ordinance adopted pursuant to the Act or;
            4.   Has failed to substantially comply with state rules or local ordinances and regulations adopted pursuant to the Act.
         (b)   For purposes of this division (10), an applicant's record shall be considered for only the two years prior to the application date.
         (c)   In the event that a plan is disapproved pursuant to this division, the town shall notify the Director of such disapproval within ten days. The town shall advise the applicant and the Director in writing as to the specific reasons that the plan was disapproved.
      (11)   Notice of activity initiation. No person may initiate a land-disturbing activity before notifying the agency that issued the plan approval of the date that land-disturbing activity will begin.
      (12)   The plan required by this section shall contain architectural and engineering drawings, maps, assumptions, calculations and narrative statements as needed to adequately describe the proposed development of the tract and the measures planned to comply with the requirements of this section. Plan content may vary to meet the needs of specific site requirements. Detailed guidelines for plan preparation will be provided on request.
      (13)   Pre-construction conference. When deemed necessary by the approving authority, a pre-construction conference may be required.
      (14)   Display of plan approval. A plan approval issued under this section shall be prominently displayed until all construction is complete, all permanent sedimentation and erosion control measures are installed and the site has been stabilized. A copy of the approved plan shall be kept on file at the job site.
      (15)   Required revisions. After approving a plan, if the town either upon review of such plan or on inspection of the job site, determines that a significant risk of accelerated erosion or off-site sedimentation exists, the town shall require a revised plan. Pending the preparation of the revised plan, work shall cease or shall continue under conditions outlined by the appropriate authority. If following commencement of a land-disturbing activity pursuant to an approved plan, the town determines that the plan is inadequate to meet the requirements of this section, the town shall require any revision of the plan that is necessary to comply with this section.
      (16)   Applications for amendment of an erosion control plan in written and/or graphic form may be made at any time under the same conditions as the original application. Until such time as an amendment is approved, the land-disturbing activity shall not proceed except in accordance with the erosion control plan as originally approved.
      (17)   Any person engaged in land-disturbing activity who fails to file a plan in accordance with this section or who conducts a land-disturbing activity, except in accordance with provisions of an approved plan, shall be deemed in violation of this section.
      (18)   The landowner, the financially responsible party, or the landowner's or the financially responsible party's agent shall perform an inspection of the area covered by the plan after each phase of the plan has been completed and after establishment of temporary ground cover in accordance with G.S. § 113A-57(2). The person who performs the inspection shall maintain and make available a record of the inspection at the site of the land-disturbing activity. The record shall set out any significant deviation from the approved erosion control plan, identify any measures that may be required to correct the deviation, and document the completion of those measures. The record shall be maintained until permanent ground cover has been established as required by the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan. The inspections required by this division shall be in addition to inspections required by G.S. § 113A-61.1.
   (F)   Basic control objectives. An erosion and sedimentation control plan shall be disapproved if the plan fails to address the following objectives:
      (1)   Identify critical areas. On-site areas which are subject to severe erosion and off-site areas which are especially vulnerable to damage from erosion and/or sedimentation are to be identified and receive special attention.
      (2)   Limit time of exposure. All land-disturbing activity is to be planned and conducted to limit exposure to the shortest feasible time.
      (3)   Limit exposed areas. All land-disturbing activity is to be planned and conducted to minimize the size of the area to be exposed at any one time.
      (4)   Control surface water. Surface water runoff originating upgrade of exposed areas should be controlled to reduce erosion and sediment loss during the period of exposure.
      (5)   Control sedimentation. All land-disturbing activity is to be planned and conducted so as to prevent off-site sedimentation damage.
      (6)   Manage stormwater runoff. When the increase in the velocity of stormwater runoff resulting from a land-disturbing activity is sufficient to cause accelerated erosion of the receiving watercourse, plans are to include the measures to control the velocity at the point of discharge so as to minimize accelerated erosion of the site and increased sedimentation of the stream.
   (G)   Design and performance standards.
      (1)   Except as provided in this section, erosion and sedimentation control measures, structures, and devices shall be planned, designed, and constructed to provide protection from the calculated maximum peak rate of runoff from the ten-year storm. Runoff rates shall be calculated using the procedures in the USDA Soil Conservation Service's National Engineering Field Manual for Conservation Practices, or other acceptable procedures.
      (2)   HQW zones. In High Quality Water (HQW) zones the following design standards shall apply:
         (a)   Limit on uncovered area. Uncovered areas in HQW zones shall be limited at any time to a maximum total area of 20 acres within the boundaries of the tract. Only the portion of the land-disturbing activity within a HQW zone shall be governed by this section. Larger areas may be uncovered within the boundaries of the tract with the written approval of the Director.
         (b)   Maximum peak rate of runoff protection. Erosion and sedimentation control measures, structures, and devices within HQW zones shall be planned, designed and constructed to provide protection from the runoff of the 25-year storm which produces the maximum peak rate of runoff as calculated according to procedures in the USDA Soil Conservation Service's National Engineering Field Manual for Conservation Practices or according to procedures adopted by any other agency of this state or the United States or any generally recognized organization or association.
         (c)   Settling efficiency. Sediment basins within HQW zones shall be designed and constructed such that the basin will have a settling efficiency of at least 70% for the 40 micron (0.04 millimeter) size soil particle transported into the basin by the runoff of that two-year storm which produces the maximum peak rate of runoff as calculated according to procedures in the USDA, Soil Conservation Service's National Engineering Field Manual for Conservation Practices or according to procedures adopted by any other agency of this state or the United States or any generally recognized organization or association.
         (d)   Grade. Newly constructed open channels in HQW zones shall be designed and constructed with side slopes no steeper than two horizontal to one vertical if a vegetative cover is used for stabilization unless soil conditions permit a steeper slope or where the slopes are stabilized by using mechanical devices, structural devices or other acceptable ditch liners. In any event, the angle for side slopes shall be sufficient to restrain accelerated erosion.
         (e)   Ground cover. Ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion must be provided for any portion of a land-disturbing activity in a HQW zone within 15 working days or 60 calendar days following completion of construction or development, whichever period is shorter.
   (H)   Stormwater outlet protection.
      (1)   Intent. Stream banks and channels downstream from any land-disturbing activity shall be protected from increased degradation by accelerated erosion caused by increased velocity of runoff from the land-disturbing activity.
      (2)   Persons shall conduct land-disturbing activity such that the post-construction velocity of the ten-year storm runoff in the receiving watercourse to the point of discharge shall not exceed the greater of:
         (a)   The velocity established by the Maximum Permissible Velocities Table set out within this division; or
         (b)   The velocity of the ten-year storm runoff in the receiving watercourse prior to development. If conditions (a) and (b) of this division (2) cannot be met, then the receiving watercourse to and including the discharge point shall be designed and constructed to withstand the expected velocity anywhere the velocity exceeds the "prior to development" velocity by 10%.
   Maximum Permissible Velocities Table
   The following is a table for maximum permissible velocity for stormwater discharges in feet per second (F.P.S.) and meters per second (M.P.S,):
 
MATERIAL
F.P.S.
M.P.S.
Fine sand (noncolloidal)
2.5
.8
Sandy loam (noncolloidal)
2.5
.8
Silt loam (noncolloidal)
3.0
.9
Ordinary firm loam
3.5
1.1
Fine gravel
5.0
1.5
 
MATERIAL
F.P.S.
M.P.S.
MATERIAL
F.P.S.
M.P.S.
Stiff clay (very colloidal)
5.0
1.5
Graded, loam to cobbles (noncolloidal)
5.0
1.5
Graded, silt to cobbles (colloidal)
5.5
1.7
Alluvial silts (noncolloidal)
3.5
1.1
Alluvial silts (colloidal)
5.0
1.5
Coarse gravel (noncolloidal)
6.0
1.8
Cobbles and shingles
5.5
1.7
Shales and hard pans
6.0
1.8
 
Source - Adapted from recommendations by Special Committee on Irrigation Research, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1926, for channels with straight alignment. For sinuous channels, multiply allowable velocity by 0.95 for slightly sinuous, by 0.9 for moderately sinuous channels, and by 0.8 for highly sinuous channels.
      (3)   Measures applied alone or in combination to satisfy the intent of this section are acceptable if there are no objectionable secondary consequences. It is recognized that the management of stormwater runoff to minimize or control downstream channel and bank erosion is a developing technology. Innovative techniques and ideas will be considered and may be used when shown to have the potential to produce successful results. Some alternatives are to:
         (a)   Avoid increases in surface runoff volume and velocity by including measures to promote infiltration to compensate for increased runoff from areas rendered impervious;
         (b)   Avoid increases in stormwater discharge velocities by using vegetated or roughened swales and waterways in lieu of closed drains and high velocity paved sections;
         (c)   Provide energy dissipaters at outlets of storm drainage facilities to reduce flow velocities at the point of discharge. These may range from simple rip-rapped sections to complex structures;
         (d)   Protect watercourses subject to accelerated erosion by improving cross section and/or providing erosion-resistant lining; and
         (e)   Upgrade or replace the receiving device structure, or watercourse such that it will receive and conduct the flow to a point where it is no longer subject to degradation from the increased rate of flow or increased velocity.
      (4)   This rule shall not apply where it can be demonstrated that stormwater discharge velocities will not create an erosion problem in the receiving watercourse.
   (I)   Borrow and waste areas. When the person conducting the land-disturbing activity is also the person conducting the borrow or waste disposal activity, areas from which borrow is obtained and which are not regulated by the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971, and any waste areas for surplus materials other than landfills regulated by the Department of Human Resources, Division of Health Services, shall be considered as part of the land-disturbing activity where the borrow material is being used or from which the waste material originated. When the person conducting the land-disturbing activity is not the person obtaining the borrow and/or disposing of the waste, these areas shall be considered a separate land-disturbing activity.
   (J)   Access and haul roads. Temporary access and haul roads, other than public roads, constructed or used in connection with any land-disturbing activity shall be considered a part of such activity.
   (K)   Operations in lakes or natural watercourses. Land-disturbing activity in connection with construction in, on, over or under a lake or natural watercourse shall be planned and conducted in such a manner as to minimize the extent and duration of disturbance of the stream channel. The relocation of a stream, where relocation is an essential part of the proposed activity, shall be planned and executed so as to minimize changes in the stream flow of characteristics, except when justification for significant alteration to flow characteristic is provided.
   (L)   Responsibility for maintenance. During the development of a site, the person conducting the land-disturbing activity shall install and maintain all temporary and permanent erosion and sedimentation control measures as required by the approved plan or any provision of this section, the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 or any order adopted pursuant thereto. After site development, the landowner or person in possession or control of the land shall install and/or maintain all necessary permanent erosion and sedimentation control measures, except those measures installed within a road or street right-of-way or easement accepted for maintenance by a governmental agency.
   (M)   Additional measures. Whenever the town determines that significant sedimentation is occurring as a result of land-disturbing activity, despite application and maintenance of protective practices, the person conducting the land-disturbing activity will be required to and shall take additional protective action or cease the activity.
   (N)   Existing uncovered areas.
      (1)   All uncovered areas existing on the effective date of this section which resulted from land-disturbing activity, exceed 1/2 contiguous acre, are subject to continued accelerated erosion and are causing off-site damage from sedimentation shall be provided with a ground cover or other protective measures, structures or devices sufficient to restrain accelerated erosion and control off-site sedimentation.
      (2)   The town shall serve upon the landowner or other person in possession or control of the land a written notice to comply with the Act, this section, a rule or order adopted or issued pursuant to the Act by the Commission or by the town. The notice to comply shall be sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested or other means provided in G.S. § 1 A-l, Rule 4. The notice will set forth the measures needed to comply and will state the time within which such measures must be completed. In determining the measures required and the time allowed for compliance, the authority serving notice shall take into consideration the economic feasibility, technology and quantity of work required and shall set reasonable and attainable time limits of compliance.
      (3)   The town reserves the right to require preparation and approval of an erosion control plan in any instance where extensive control measures are required.
      (4)   This rule shall not require ground cover on cleared land forming the future basin of a planned reservoir.
   (O)   Permits.
      (1)   No person shall undertake any land-disturbing activity subject to this section without first obtaining a permit from the town, except that no permit shall be required for any land-disturbing activity that does not exceed 5,500 square feet in surface area. In determining the area, lands under one or diverse ownership being developed as a unit will be aggregated.
      (2)   The town shall establish a fee on a general or individual basis as may be considered necessary.
   (P)   Appeals.
      (1)   The disapproval or modification of any proposed erosion control plan by the Director of Planning and Inspections shall entitle the person submitting the plan to a public hearing if such person submits written demand for a hearing within 15 days after receipt of a written notice of disapproval or modifications.
      (2)   Hearings held pursuant to this section shall be conducted by the Board of Commissioners within 20 days after the date of the appeal or request for a hearing.
      (3)   The Board of Commissioners shall render its final decision within ten days after the date of the hearing.
      (4)   If the town upholds the disapproval or modification of a proposed soil erosion and sedimentation control plan following the hearing, the applicant shall then be entitled to appeal that decision to the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission as provided in G.S. § 113A-61(c) and Title 15 NCAC 4B.0018(b).
   (Q)   Inspections and investigations.
      (1)   Agents and officials of the town will periodically inspect the sites of land-disturbing activity for which permits have been issued to determine whether the activity is being conducted in accordance with the plan and to determine whether the measures required in the plan are effective in controlling erosion and sediment resulting from land-disturbing activity.
      (2)   Willful resistance, delay, or obstruction. No person shall willfully resist, delay, or obstruct an authorized representative, employee, or agent of the town while that person is inspecting or attempting to inspect a land-disturbing activity under this section.
      (3)   Notice of violation. If the town determines that a person engaged in land-disturbing activity has failed to comply with the Act, this section, or rules, or orders adopted or issued pursuant to this section, a notice of violation shall be served upon that person. The notice shall be served by any means authorized under G.S. § 1 A-l, Rule 4. The notice shall specify a date by which the person must comply with the Act, this section, or rules or orders adopted pursuant to this section, and inform the person of the actions that need to be taken to comply with the Act, this section, or rules or orders adopted pursuant to this section. Any person who fails to comply within the time specified is subject to additional civil and criminal penalties for a continuing violation as provided in G.S. § 113A-64 and this section.
      (4)   The town shall have the power to conduct such investigation as it deems necessary to carry out its duties as prescribed in this section and for this purpose to enter at reasonable times upon any property, public or private, for the purpose of investigating and inspecting the sites of any land-disturbing activity. No person shall refuse entry or access to any authorized representative or agent of the town who requests entry for purposes of inspection, nor shall any person obstruct, hamper or interfere with any such representative while in the process of carrying out his official duties.
      (5)   The town shall also have the power to require written statements, or the filing of reports under oath, with respect to pertinent questions relating to land-disturbing activity.
      (6)   The landowner, the financially responsible party, or the landowner's or the financially responsible party's agent shall perform an inspection of the area covered by the plan after each phase of the plan has been completed and after establishment of temporary ground cover in accordance with G.S. § 113A-57(2). The person who performs the inspection shall maintain and make available a record of the inspection at the site of the land-disturbing activity. The record shall set out any significant deviation from the approved erosion control plan, identify any measures that will be required to correct the deviation, and document the completion of those matters. The record shall be maintained until permanent ground cover has been established as required by the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan. The inspections required by this subsection shall be in addition to inspections required by G.S. § 113A-61.1.
   (R)   Penalties.
      (1)   Civil penalties.
         (a)   Civil penalty for a violation. Any person who violates any of the provisions of this section, or rule or order adopted or issued pursuant to this section, or who initiates or continues a land-disturbing activity for which a plan is required except in accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of an approved plan, is subject to a civil penalty. The maximum civil penalty that the town may assess is $5,000. A civil penalty may be assessed from the date the violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation.
         (b)   Civil penalty assessment factors. The governing body of the town shall determine the amount of the civil penalty based on the following factors:
            1.   The degree and extent of harm caused by the violation;
            2.   The cost of rectifying the damage;
            3.   The amount of money the violator saved by noncompliance;
            4.   Whether the violation was committed willfully, and the prior record of the violator in failing to comply with this section.
         (c)   Any person who fails to submit an erosion control plan for approval as required by this section shall be subject to a single, non-continuing civil penalty of not more than $5,000. Any person who is subject to a civil penalty under this division may be subject to additional civil penalties for violation of any other provision of this section or rules or orders adopted or issued pursuant to this section.
         (d)   Hearing. A hearing on a civil penalty shall be conducted by the town within 15 days after the date of the written demand for the hearing. The agency conducting the hearing shall make its recommendation to the governing body of the town within 21 days after the date of the hearing.
         (e)   Final decision. The governing body shall render its final decision on the civil penalty within ten days of the receipt of the recommendation from the agency,
         (f)   Appeal of final decision. Appeal from the final decision of the governing body shall be to the Superior Court of the county where the violation occurred, or the location of the violator's residence or principal place of business.
         (g)   Credit of civil penalties. Civil penalties collected pursuant to this section shall be credited to the Civil Penalty and Forfeiture Fund. [Note: Case law on an air quality delegated program determined that civil penalties assessed by local governments pursuant to a state delegation had to be remitted to the Civil Penalty and Forfeiture Fund for the benefit of the local school boards pursuant to the State Constitution's provision on state penalties, fines and forfeitures.]
      (2)   Criminal penalties. Any person who knowingly or willfully violates any provision of this section, or rule or order adopted or issued pursuant to this section, or who knowingly or willfully initiates or continues a land-disturbing activity for which an erosion control plan is required, except in accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of an approved plan, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor which may include a fine not to exceed $5,000 as provided in G.S. § 113A-64.
   (S)   Injunctive relief.
      (1)   Whenever the governing body has reasonable cause to believe that any person is violating or threatening to violate this section or any rule or order adopted or issued pursuant to this section, or any term, condition or provision of an approved erosion control plan, it may, either before or after the institution of any other action or proceeding authorized by this section, institute a civil action in the name of the town for injunctive relief to restrain the violation or threatened violation. The action shall be brought in the Superior Court of Dare County.
      (2)   Upon determination by a court that an alleged violation is occurring or is threatened, it shall enter such orders or judgments as are necessary to abate the violation or to prevent the threatened violation. The institution of an action for injunctive relief under this section shall not relieve any party to such proceedings from any civil or criminal penalty prescribed for violation of this section.
   (T)   Restoration after noncompliance. The town shall require a person who engaged in a land-disturbing activity and failed to retain sediment generated by the activity, as required by G.S. § 113A-57(3), to restore the waters and land affected by the failure so as to minimize the detrimental effects of the resulting pollution by sedimentation. This authority is in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty or injunctive relief authorized under this section.
   (U)   Severability. If any section or sections of this section is/are held to be invalid or unenforceable, all other sections shall nevertheless continue in full force and effect.
   (V)   Effective date. This section shall take effect on the date of adoption by the Board of Commissioners.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 95-11, passed 11-15-95; Am. Ord. 00-01, passed 1-10-00; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 08-11, passed 3-26-08; Am. Ord. 17-15, passed 2-12-20; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.072 SEWAGE DISPOSAL.

   (A)   Each application for site plan review shall be accompanied by plans of the proposed methods of sewage disposal with an approval or tentative approval by the appropriate county or state agencies having jurisdiction of such facilities over the land being developed. The plans submitted shall be of sufficient detail to demonstrate compliance with applicable sewage disposal regulations and to show the exact location of all subsurface facilities, including but not limited to treatment facilities, tanks, piping, laterals and disposal areas.
   (B)   Any such application shall specify the method or methods to be used and shall describe any special conditions to be met. Such methods, and the approvals required, include but are not limited to the following:
      (1)   Connection to public sewer operated by a municipality, sanitary district or other governmental agency: connection approval by an authorized officer of such system;
      (2)   Connection to community sewer operated by a responsible person, firm or corporation other than a governmental agency: connection approval by an authorized officer of such system;
      (3)   Installation of other than public or community sewer systems: design approval by the appropriate county or state agencies and the town.
   (C)   The sewer system to which connections are to be made shall be authorized as follows:
      (1)   For on-site sewer disposal systems regulated by the Dare County Health Department, approval from the Dare County Health Department is required.
      (2)   For sewage systems regulated by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), approval from NCDEQ and/or appropriate applications with engineering certifications satisfactory for NCDEQ permitting is required.
   (D)   Privately owned facilities treating, processing or transmitting sewage or wastewater are permitted in all zoning districts, subject to the following conditions:
      (1)   Any new private utility or privately owned facility must be a part of and located within the boundaries of a subdivision or property immediately within or adjacent to the facility or homes being serviced. The person, firm or corporation operating a sewer system for which a rate is charged shall hold a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the State Utilities Commission, and there shall be recorded with a plat of the property the written affidavit of a registered engineer, engaged in the independent practice of civil engineering, that sewer mains and laterals comply with pertinent standards of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality and a bond or bonds, or trust instruments, or other form of written assurance, satisfactory to the Board, assuring the continuous proper maintenance and operation of such sewer systems. Where a community sewerage system furnishing services for two or more customers within a multi-family or group development project is assessed a periodic fee by a property owners' association and a portion of that fee is used for the purpose of paying the cost and expense of operating, maintaining and repairing the community sewerage system, then all requirements of this subsection must be satisfied;
      (2)   This facility shall be used and serve only the occupants of the subdivision, multi- family development project or commercial development for which it was constructed and approved by the town;
      (3)   This section shall not be applicable to individual septic tanks.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord.17-8, passed 9-11-19; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.073 LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS.

   (A)   Intent and objectives.
      (1)   The intent of this section is to improve the appearance of parking areas and properties abutting public rights-of-way; to provide buffering between noncompatible land uses; to provide spatial separation of land uses; to protect, preserve and promote the aesthetic and visual character of lands particularly adjacent to major thoroughfares; and to promote public health and safety through the reduction of noise pollution, air pollution, visual pollution, air temperature and artificial light glare within the town.
      (2)   Landscaping includes not only trees, shrubbery, grass and ground cover but open paving stones, benches, fountains and exterior lighting fixtures as well. Buildings, vehicles, boats, equipment, parking areas or storage areas shall not be included in required landscaped areas. No more than 20% of a required perimeter landscaped area may be utilized for sidewalks, walkways or private roads. Landscaping standards may be satisfied within required setbacks.
      (3)   Any existing natural landscape shall be preserved whenever possible. Preservation of trees and further landscaping is the goal rather than destruction of existing trees or plant life. The planting of drought-tolerant vegetation common to the immediate natural coastal environment is encouraged to ensure proper plant life development and maturation.
      (4)   While the above objectives are general in form, proper design and location of trees, shrubbery and other landscape amenities will be subject to the town's plan review procedure.
      (5)   Landscaped areas may be used for nitrification fields.
   (B)   Jurisdiction. The requirements of this section shall apply to all zones.
   (C)   Applicability.  All new development and redevelopment shall comply with the requirements of this section, except single-family detached residences and duplexes with less than 6,000 square feet of lot coverage, which shall meet the requirements of division (M) below.
   (D)   Plan review and approval.
      (1)   A landscape plan shall be submitted at the time application is made for site plan approval covering new development or redevelopment.
      (2)   The plan shall include the location and size of all proposed structures or improvements, landscape materials, including botanical and common names, and all existing vegetation by their common names as specified by the following:
         (a)   A tree survey: show all existing trees which have a diameter of six inches or greater, measured three feet from the base and also all major vegetation with an index of those trees and vegetation;
         (b)   Total site area;
         (c)   Parking area;
         (d)   Landscape area required and provided for in the project;
         (e)   Number of trees which are provided for the project;
         (f)   Irrigation plan, if any;
         (g)   Total amount of interior landscaped area.
   (E)   Parking lot landscape requirements.
      (1)   If more than 40 parking spaces are provided, landscaping of 10% of the total parking areas, including aisles, shall be required. This landscaping shall be established within the interior of the parking lot.
      (2)   The interior landscaped areas shall be located in a manner that:
         (a)   Assists and helps to control the movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic;
         (b)   Provides visual relief from a large expanse of paving;
         (c)   Preserves existing trees, where possible; and
         (d)   Screens loading and service areas.
      (3)   A landscaped aisle shall be provided at the end of each parking row adjacent to the travel lane serving the parking aisle.
      (4)   In order to encourage the required landscaped areas to be properly dispersed, no required landscape area shall be larger than 350 square feet unless a larger area is necessary to save or protect existing vegetation.
      (5)   Interior landscaped areas shall contain a minimum of 75 square feet. Within these landscaped areas there shall be a minimum of one small tree per ten parking spaces in addition to other plant materials and ground cover. See division (L) of this section and Appendix A of this chapter.
      (6)   Required perimeter landscape areas shall not be used in the calculation of required interior landscape areas.
   (F)   Perimeter landscaped areas.
      (1)   General. A perimeter landscaped area, with a minimum depth of five feet, shall be required along property lines. Along property lines abutting any street, the minimum depth shall be ten feet. Driveways, sidewalks and similar facilities may traverse perimeter landscaped areas.
      (2)   Screening requirements.
         (a)   Buffer between incompatible uses. Restaurants, retail sales, shopping centers, automotive sales or repair, taverns, amusement or entertainment establishments, industrial uses, warehouses, wholesale businesses or trucking facilities, business or professional offices, places of worship, schools, daycare centers, parking lots, townhouse or multi-family developments, and single-family and duplex dwellings with greater than 6,000 square feet of lot coverage must provide screening on their property for certain adjacent uses. Where abutting single-family dwellings or duplexes with less than 6,000 square feet of lot coverage to the rear or to the side, such property line shall have a wall constructed of wood, masonry wall, vinyl or composite materials or a vegetative buffer six feet in height along the property line. Along property lines abutting single-family or duplex dwellings with less than 6,000 square feet of lot coverage a fence or dense vegetative screen shall be provided. Fences shall be constructed of wood, masonry, vinyl or composite materials and be a minimum of six feet in height. In addition, ornamental landscaping shall be provided if a fence is utilized as a buffer. Dense vegetative screens shall contain shrubs at least 30 inches high at the time of installation planted two-and-one-half feet on center. The type of shrub used needs to be capable of attaining a height of at least six feet at maturity. A dense vegetative screen utilized as a buffer will also satisfy the ornamental landscaping requirements below. In all cases where a fence is constructed, the required landscaped area shall be located between the fence and property line.
         (b)   Ornamental landscaping. Along property lines not abutting single-family or duplex dwellings with less than 6,000 square feet of lot coverage, the landscape plan shall indicate at least one tree for each 30 linear feet of landscape area and one shrub for each ten feet of landscape area. For new construction or substantial improvements in the Commercial Zone, the landscape plan shall indicate at least one tree and one shrub for each ten linear feet of landscape area along the front property line. Ornamental landscaping need not be evenly spaced, but rather dispersed throughout the landscape area to create a natural appearance. In all cases where a fence is constructed, the required landscaped area shall be located between the fence and property line.
         (c)   No vehicles, motor or otherwise, shall be parked on landscaped areas. In all cases where a fence is constructed, the required landscaped area shall be located between the fence and property line. No temporary signs or other structures shall be placed on any landscaped area without issuance of a permit by the Building Inspector or Zoning Administrator.
   (G)   Grass and ground cover. Ground cover shall be placed or planted on all disturbed portions of exposed ground or earth not occupied by natural or other landscape material.
   (H)   Screening of refuse containers.
      (1)   All dumpsters shall be screened on three sides by a fence. The screening shall exceed the height of the intended container by 12 inches.
      (2)   The opening for the removal of trash pickup shall allow for a clearance of 12 inches on each side of the container and 24 inches at the rear of the container. Design shall be approved by the Department of Public Services, Public Works Division.
   (I)   Landscaping at driveways and intersections.
      (1)   A minimum sight triangle shall be maintained at all driveways and street intersections. Within the sight triangle, no plant material, signage or any other obstruction shall interfere with an individual's vehicle sight line. No plant material shall exceed 30 inches in height at maturity; trees shall be trimmed so that branches are at least seven feet above curb level.
      (2)   The minimum sight triangle for driveways shall be 10 feet by 20 feet on each side of the driveway and shall be measured as follows:
         (a)   Begin at the point where the edge of the driveway intersects with the street right-of- way line;
         (b)   From this point, measure 20 feet along the street right-of-way line, away from the driveway edge;
         (c)   From the same point, measure ten feet toward the interior of the property, along the driveway edge;
         (d)   Connect the two points established by the above method to form the required sight triangle.
      (3)   The minimum sight triangle required at street intersections, other than those that intersect state-maintained roads, shall be 20 feet by 20 feet and shall be measured as follows:
         (a)   Begin at the property corner point where the right-of-way lines of both streets intersect;
         (b)   From this point, measure 20 feet along the right-of-way line in each direction;
         (c)   Connect the two points established by the method above to form the required sight triangle.
   (J)   Irrigation.
      (1)   All required landscape areas shall be irrigated or utilize plants which are drought tolerant.
      (2)   Irrigation plans shall be submitted for review. This is in addition to the landscaping plan. Irrigation plans shall show location, size and type of sprinkler heads and whether the system is automatic or manual.
      (3)   Irrigation systems shall minimize spray onto any pedestrian or vehicular access or abutting property.
      (4)   Water preservation should be considered in the design of all irrigation systems.
   (K)   Landscape maintenance. To encourage the continued maintenance of landscaped areas, the owner shall be responsible for:
      (1)   Landscape areas shall be properly maintained. The owner shall be notified in writing by the zoning official of the town of any areas which are not being properly maintained, and the owner shall, within 15 calendar days of receipt of the notice, restore the landscaped area to a satisfactory condition, meet the requirements of this code.
      (2)   Replacement of plant material shall occur only after approval of a landscaping plan by the zoning official of the town.
      (3)   A vegetative buffer which has been in place for three years or more, as set out in division (F)(2)(a) of this section, shall be replaced with plant material that meets the minimum maturity requirements set out in this chapter. An exception will be made when vegetation is damaged or destroyed by fire, flood, hurricane or other acts of God when the damage or removal was not caused by or contributed to by the owner, occupant or user, and shall be replaced with plants that meet minimum requirements of this code after approval of a landscaping plan by a zoning official.
   (L)   Plant material.
      (1)   No artificial plant life or other facsimile shall be permitted except by prior approval. Suggested plant lists are provided in Appendix A, Table A and Table B, which give numerous choices as to the type of plants native to the area which best suit the climatic conditions. These choices are recommended suggestions.
      (2)   Plants shall be sufficiently sized to ensure screening within three years. Where a vegetative screen is required, plant materials shall be sufficiently sized as practicable to ensure obscurity within three years. Seedling plants may be used where berms or structures are required or where the proposed use is contiguous to a street or vacant land that does not have proposed development in the review process. (See Appendix A).
      (3)   On a corner lot which abuts a state maintained right-of-way in any district, no planting, structure, sign, fence, wall or other obstruction to vision more than three feet in height shall be placed or maintained within the triangular area formed by the intersecting street right-of-way lines and a straight line connecting a point ten feet from the intersection along the intersecting street with a point 70 feet from the intersection along the state maintained right-of-way.
   (M)   Tree preservation within town rights-of-way.
      (1)   The town may remove existing trees within town rights-of-way.
      (2)   Property owners or their agents may also remove trees within town-owned rights-of-way as follows:
         (a)   The installation of a driveway(s) shown on an approved site plan with the prior written permission of the town.
         (b)   With an approved restoration plan showing the replacement of removed trees at a one to one ratio or in compliance with division (F)(2)(b) and Appendix A.
         (c)   With an approved plan for tree thinning or removal of dead or deceased trees.
      (3)   An on-site meeting with the owner or their agent shall be held with a member of town staff to identify all trees to be removed. Trees marked for removal shall be noted on the site plan and flagged on site. The Planning and Inspections Department shall issue a tree removal permit after approval of the site plan. The permit will expire 180 days from the date of issuance. (Brush, vines and trees with less than a two-inch diameter measured at four and a half feet existing grade may be removed without restriction.)
   (N)   Regulation of above-ground appurtenances, facilities and/or structures associated with a gas utilities system. Any above ground appurtenances, facilities or structures (except buildings which are occupied and are governed by other provisions of the Kill Devil Hills Town Code), the meter and valve attached to an individual customer’s structure and any required markers indicating or designating that a natural gas pipeline is buried below, constructed as a part of a gas utilities system within the town for the production, transmission, distribution and sale of gas, shall be screened with vegetative buffers as follows:
      (1)   All appurtenances, facilities or structures shall not be visible from ground level to a point eight feet above ground level.
      (2)   Buffers shall consist of trees or shrubs permitted in Appendix A of this chapter.
      (3)   Plants shall be of a size and planted at such intervals that they will reach full maturity and/or provide the full screening required herein within three years from the date of the completion of construction of such appurtenance, facility or structure.
      (4)   The franchisee for such gas utility system shall keep, replace and maintain the vegetative buffer required herein such that at all times the vegetation is alive and, after the first three years, that the full eight foot buffer is at all times in place.
      (5)   Failure to comply with the terms of this section, in addition to any other remedies available under the provisions of the town code, the town may plant or replace such vegetative buffer to comply with the terms of this section and all costs thereof shall be charged to franchisee.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 97-14, passed 1-12-98; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 05-04, passed 4-11-05; Am. Ord. 05-05, passed 5-25-05; Am. Ord. 13-6, passed 5-13-13; Am. Ord. 14-08, passed 5-12-14; Am. Ord. 14-15, passed 7-14-14; Am. Ord. 17-20, passed 5-27-20; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.074 LIGHTING.

   (A)   Intent. Lighting standards are established to provide for safe lighting levels with minimum glare onto streets and neighboring property. All outdoor lighting shall be planned, erected, altered and maintained in accordance with the following provisions except for single-family dwellings and duplex dwellings.
   (B)   Lighting plan. The town shall require an outdoor lighting plan produced by an engineer or architect licensed to practice in the State of North Carolina. The plans must include the stamp/seal, license number and signature of the engineer or architect responsible for the plan and shall be required as part of the site plan review process.
   (C)   Inspection required. All outdoor lighting fixtures may be subject to annual inspection by the Planning and Inspections Department to assure that the fixtures are in compliance with these provisions. When a fixture fails to comply, the Planning and Inspections Department shall give written notice to the owner of the site on which the fixtures are located stating that the fixture shall be brought into compliance or removed at the owner's expense within 30 days of receipt of the notice.
   (D)   Lighting prohibited.
      (1)   No fixture shall be erected which is an imitation of an official highway or traffic-control light or sign.
      (2)   No fixture shall be in a direct line of vision with any traffic-control sign or light.
      (3)   No fixture shall have a flashing or intermittent pattern of illumination.
      (4)   No fixture shall be located within a public right-of-way unless approved by the Department of Public Services, Public Works Division.
      (5)   No fixture shall be erected, either indoors or outdoors, which because of the design of light source, orientation or intensity causes glare onto adjacent property or streets.
      (6)   Search lights are prohibited except when used by federal, state or local authority.
      (7)   No fixture shall violate any law of the State of North Carolina relative to outdoor lighting.
      (8)   All neon lighting is prohibited except as allowed in § 153.077;
      (9)   Light fixtures shall not exceed building height limits for the zone in which they are constructed except that accredited school athletic facilities may not exceed a height of 90 feet.
   (E)   General provisions.
      (1)   All lighting new and existing shall be brought into compliance within three years of February 28, 2001.
      (2)   When placed in a cluster the combined wattage shall not exceed the permitted footcandle level for the object or area they are designed to illuminate.
      (3)   All light produced on-site shall be contained within the perimeter of the site by design, orientation or shielding of the light source.
      (4)   All wiring for outdoor lighting shall be placed underground.
      (5)   Principal buildings in commercial or industrial use shall be lighted on all sides for security at the permitted intensity shown in the table below.
      (6)   Lighting fixtures shall be designed to withstand a maximum wind velocity of 110 miles per hour and in no case shall exceed the allowable building height limit.
      (7)   The following average footcandles or lighting intensity levels shall be maintained: (Changes to the intensity levels may be effected by the Board of Commissioners for good cause shown.)
Type of Outdoor Area or Use
Permitted Range of Average Footcandles Minimum - Maximum
Parking Areas
Type of Outdoor Area or Use
Permitted Range of Average Footcandles Minimum - Maximum
Parking Areas
Drive-in restaurants
7-10
Sexually oriented businesses
7-10
Retail uses not otherwise listed
4-7
Commercial parking lots
4-7
Industrial and warehouses
0.5-1
Residential (other than single-family and duplex)
0.5-1
Hotels and motels
4-7
Places of worship
0.5-7
Event gardens
1.0-4.0
Building Exteriors
Loading platforms
10
Commercial entrances
5
Inactive storage
1
Architectural
1
Security
Commercial
1
Industrial
1
Walkways/roads
1
Recreational
Accredited school athletic facilities
40-50
Baseball/football/soccer
20
Tennis/handball/volleyball
20
Basketball
10
Archery/badminton
10
Golf (miniature)/swimming pool
10
Fishing pier
10
Playground
5
Roller hockey/skateboard park
40-50
Marina
2
 
      (8)   With any 1,000 square foot area, lighting intensity levels cannot exceed twice the maximum footcandle allowed for the respective use.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 99-04, passed 2-8-99; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 02-10, passed 6-26-02; Am. Ord. 06-19, passed 8-14-06; Am. Ord. 13-3, passed 3-20-13; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.075 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOWERS.

   (A)   Intent. The purpose of this section is to establish general guidelines for the siting of telecommunications towers and antennas. The goals of this section are to:
      (1)   Encourage the location of towers in nonresidential/nonhistorical areas and minimize the total number of towers throughout the community;
      (2)   Enhance the ability of the providers of telecommunications services to provide such services to the community quickly, effectively and efficiently;
      (3)   Strongly encourage the joint use of new and existing tower sites;
      (4)   Encourage the location of telecommunications towers and antennas, to the extent possible, in areas where the adverse impact on the community is minimal;
      (5)   Encourage the location of telecommunications towers and antennas in configurations that minimize the adverse visual impact of the towers and antennas; and
      (6)   Whenever possible, prioritize space on towers for public purpose use.
   (B)   Application procedures and site plan requirements.
      (1)   Communication companies are encouraged to locate telecommunications antennas on or in structures other than a tower. The structures may include church steeples, transmission line towers, utility/light poles, water towers and the like hidden in such a manner so as to not be readily visible (stealth). Where such facilities are not available, co-location of facilities is encouraged.
      (2)   When a new tower is proposed to be sited, a determination of whether the location will provide a minimal level of coverage vs. optimal coverage shall be taken into consideration. The following standards shall be used in the approval of the siting of new towers:
         (a)   Each applicant for approval of an antenna and or a tower shall provide to the Planning Department an inventory of its existing antennas and towers that are within 1,000 feet of the proposed site, including specific information about the location, height and design of each tower or antenna. The applicant should also include potential future tower sites in this inventory.
         (b)   Evidence that the applicant has investigated the possibilities for locating the proposed facilities on an existing tower, the use of stealth technology or location in another zoning district where the tower would be permitted as an administratively approved use. Such evidence shall consist of copies of letters sent to owners of all existing towers within a radius of one mile of the proposed site, requesting the following information:
            1.   Tower height;
            2.   Existing and planned tower users;
            3.   Statement as to whether the existing tower could accommodate the proposed antenna without causing instability or radio frequency interference and if the proposed antenna cannot be accommodated on the existing tower;
            4.   Statement as to whether the existing tower could be structurally strengthened to accommodate the antenna; and
            5.   Related equipment which could be protected from electromagnetic interference and a general description of the means and projected cost of shared use of the existing tower.
         (c)   A copy of all responses within 30 days from the mailing date of the letter required by subsection (2)(b) of this section.
         (d)   A summary explanation of why the applicant believes that the proposed facility cannot be located on an existing tower.
         (e)   A summary explanation of why the applicant believes that the use of an alternative tower structure is not possible.
         (f)   A blue line survey prepared by a licensed North Carolina surveyor showing the location of all existing property lines and improvements within a radius equal to the height of the proposed tower and all proposed improvements, including the tower, antennas, accessory structures and equipment. In addition, the survey must detail all proposed vegetation removal activities, including an inventory of existing trees to be removed.
         (g)   Drawings of all proposed towers, antennas and accessory structures and equipment indicating elevations, height, colors and design.
         (h)   Documentation provided by the applicant that the proposed tower and all antennas and equipment comply with all applicable Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. In order to protect the public from unnecessary exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the tower owner shall provide documentation indicating that the power density levels do not exceed levels permitted by the FCC.
         (i)   Documentation provided by the applicant that the proposed tower, antennas and equipment meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aviation and navigation requirements. No proposed improvements shall restrict or interfere with air traffic or air travel from or to any existing or proposed airport. No lighting shall project onto any surrounding residential property. To the extent required by the FAA, strobes shall be used for nighttime lighting. Whenever strobes are not required by the FAA, flashing beacons are the preferred type of lighting.
         (j)   A copy of the approved National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) compliance report for all towers, antennas, accessory structures or equipment proposed for the site.
         (k)   Documentation signed and sealed from a North Carolina licensed engineer that the proposed tower and antennas meets the structural requirements of the North Carolina Building Code and the co-location requirements of this section.
         (l)   Written indemnification of the town and proof of liability insurance or financial ability to respond to claims up to $1,000,000 in the aggregate which may arise from operation of the facility during its life at no cost to the town on a form approved by the Town Attorney.
         (m)   Provision of sound engineering evidence demonstrating that location in the proposed district is necessary in the interest of public safety or is a practical necessity.
         (n)   Evidence that the telecommunications tower is structurally designed to support at least one additional telecommunications services provider and an affidavit that the owner of the tower is willing to permit other user to attach communication facilities, on a commercially reasonable basis, which do not interfere with the primary purpose of the tower. The tower owner may require that such other users agree to negotiate regarding reasonable compensation to the owner from any liability that may result from such attachment. The site plan shall indicate a location for at least one equipment building in addition to that proposed for use by the applicant. Priority for co-location on the proposed tower shall be given to antennas that will serve a public safety need for the community.
         (o)   Approval for the proposed tower within a radius of 1,000 feet of an existing tower or other suitable structure (measured in a straight line distance) shall not be issued unless the applicant certifies that the existing tower or structure does not meet the applicant's structural specifications or technical design requirements or that a co-location agreement could not be obtained at a reasonable market rate and in a timely manner.
         (p)   The proposed tower shall be designed to accommodate additional antennas equal in number to the applicant's present and future requirements.
         (q)   In addition to the other considerations of this section, the approving body, in determining whether a tower is in harmony with the area or the effects and general compatibility of a tower with adjacent properties, may consider the aesthetic effects of the tower as well as mitigating factors concerning aesthetics and may disapprove the tower on the grounds that such aesthetic effects are unacceptable. Factors relevant to the aesthetic effects include: the protection of the view in sensitive or particularly scenic areas and areas specifically designated in adopted plans such as unique natural features, scenic roadways and historic sites; the concentration of towers in the proposed area; and whether the height, design, placement or other characteristics of the proposed tower could be modified to have a less intrusive visual impact.
         (r)   The approving body may request the applicant to conduct a balloon height test or similar tests on the proposed tower site to demonstrate the proposed height of the tower.
   (C)   Use guidelines and dimensional requirements.
      (1)   Antennas and towers may be considered either principal or accessory uses. A different existing use or an existing structure on the same lot shall not preclude the installation of an antenna or tower on such lot. For purposes of determining whether the installation of a tower or antenna complies with district development regulations, including but not limited to setback requirements, lot size and coverage requirements and other such requirements, the dimensions of the entire lot shall control, even though the antennas or towers may be located on leased parcels within such lots. Towers that are constructed, and antennas that are installed, in accordance with the provisions of this section shall not be deemed to constitute the expansion of a nonconforming use or structure.
      (2)   In order to provide spatial separation and create visual block from adjacent properties and streets, a buffer shall be installed around the outside of all improvements on the site, including the tower and guy anchors, any ground buildings or equipment and security fencing. Ground buildings located in a residential district may be located outside the buffered area if they are constructed so the exterior appearance of the building has the appearance of a residential dwelling, including pitched roof and frame or brick veneer construction. The tower's guy anchors may be screened or fenced separately in order to comply with the requirements of this subsection.
      (3)   The base of the tower and each guy anchor shall be surrounded by a security fence or wall at least eight feet in height, unless the tower and all guy anchors are mounted entirely on a building over eight feet in height. The tower's guy anchors may be screened or fenced separately in order to comply with the requirements of this subsection.
      (4)   No outside storage shall be allowed on any telecommunications facility site.
      (5)   Accessory equipment structures shall not be used as an employment center for any worker. This provision does not prohibit the periodic maintenance or periodic monitoring of equipment and instruments.
      (6)   The proposed tower, antenna or accessory structure and equipment shall be placed in a location and in a manner that will minimize the visual impact on the surrounding area.
      (7)   No commercial advertising, company logo or signage shall be allowed on the tower or its related facilities. However, signs shall be posted that list a telephone number for the owner of the proposed tower and "No Trespassing" information. This sign shall be located on the accessory equipment structure, building or fencing and shall not exceed four square feet in area.
      (8)   The proposed tower shall be set back from all publicly owned roads or rights-of-way a distance equal to the tower height divided by three. If visible from any public road or right-of-way, a landscape plan is required indicating how the applicant proposes to screen any accessory structure or equipment from view.
      (9)   Setbacks of the base of the tower from all adjacent property lines shall be one foot for each foot of tower height. To encourage shared use of towers, applications for towers which will operate with more than one user immediately upon completion may have a 15% reduction in the required setbacks, but in no case shall the setback be less than those required for the underlying zoning district. Also, to encourage the construction of monopole structures, monopole towers may have a 25% reduction in the required setbacks. Monopole towers which will immediately operate with more than one user may have a 40% reduction in the required setbacks. To encourage location of towers in forested areas with a minimum depth of 65 feet, the tower may have a 20% reduction in the required setbacks. In no case shall the setback be less than those required for the underlying zoning district. The setback reductions shall only be allowed upon a certification by a North Carolina licensed design professional which states that the structure's design and construction are such that, in the event of structural loadings in excess of design and resulting failure or collapse, all portions of the tower will fall within an identified area (the fall zone), and that no buildings or structures on adjacent zoning lots lie within said fall zone. Such certification shall consider potential future structures which may be constructed on such adjacent lots, subject to the limitations of existing setbacks and permanent easements on such lots.
      (10)   Except where setback reductions are allowed under the previous division, the proposed tower shall be set back from all property lines a distance equal to the proposed tower’s radius or extent of the fall zone as certified by a North Carolina licensed design professional.
      (11)   The proposed tower shall be set back a distance equal to the tower's height plus 50 feet from any residential structure.
      (12)   Notice shall be provided to the Planning Department when the tower is placed out of service. Towers that are not used for a period of six months or more shall be removed by the owner within 120 days of owner's receipt of notification to that effect. Any tower, antenna, accessory structure or equipment that is not used for communication purposes for more than 120 days shall be considered abandoned and shall be removed by the owner within 60 days of owner's receipt of notification. The Building Inspector may establish a shorter period of time for removal of a tower that is structurally unsound.
   (D)   Nonconforming towers. Continuation, relocation and reconstruction of and enlargements and modifications to towers and associated equipment that do not meet current requirements of this section (towers constructed prior to the effective date of this chapter) are subject to the following requirements:
      (1)   A site plan shall be submitted for any relocation or reconstruction of a nonconforming tower;
      (2)   Increases in height shall not exceed 10% of the height of the tower as it existed in 1999 and shall not equal or exceed a height that would either require a special use permit or would require the tower, if unlit, to add lights;
      (3)   Any relocation or structural change must be on the tower's current site; must eliminate the need for an additional tower or provide both additional co-location opportunities and additional antenna space beyond what is provided by the current tower; and may not change the style of the tower, if the tower is currently a monopole;
      (4)   Any relocation must comply with current setback requirements, if physically possible, or if compliance is not possible, the relocation must not increase the amount by which setbacks are nonconforming, other than increases necessitated solely by changes in size of the base to support the new tower. If the foregoing setback requirements cannot be met, then setbacks may only be decreased by up to 10% of the originally constructed tower height;
      (5)   If a nonconforming tower is damaged beyond 50% of its replacement value, a replacement tower constructed on the same site or lot may not exceed the height of the previous tower and must comply with all requirements of the current provisions, except the requirement for a use permit.
(Ord. 99-09, passed 5-10-99; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 17-2, passed 5-13-19; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.076 OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING.

   (A)    Detailed specifications. Required off-street parking spaces are permanent areas and shall not be used for any other ground purpose; and shall be constructed in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices.
      (1) Dimensions: standard parking spaces. In all zones, parking space dimensions will be 200 square feet, ten feet by 20 feet. However, for commercial and multi-family residential, only 18 feet of the length need to be paved or constructed of turfstone, permeable pavements, including porous concrete, porous asphalt, concrete grid pavers, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and plastic reinforcing grids. The remaining two feet of length shall remain pervious, and a concrete curb stop shall be placed at the front end of each space to accommodate vehicle overhang on the remaining two feet of length.
      (2)   Design. Every parking space shall be designed so that vehicles cannot extend beyond the perimeter of such area onto adjacent properties or public rights-of-way. Such areas shall also be designed so that vehicles do not extend over sidewalks or tend to bump against or damage any wall, vegetation, or other obstruction. Parking is not a permitted use within buffer or landscaped areas.
      (3)   Submission of plans. Before the construction of any building in any of the various zones, in addition to the building plan to be submitted to the building inspector for approval, there shall also be submitted a detailed plan of the off-street parking arrangements to be utilized for such structure, including the number of spaces, size and type of construction of the off-street parking area. Submission of a satisfactory parking plan shall be a condition precedent to the issuance of any building permit.
      (4)   Remote parking space. Remote parking space shall be a special use, if the off-street parking space required by this chapter cannot be reasonably provided on the same lot on which the principal structure is located. Such space may be provided on any land entirely within 1,000 feet of the main entrance to such principal structure. Remote parking areas shall comply with all aspects of the zoning code. In no case shall remote parking spaces be separated from the principal structure by US 158. Remote parking areas shall not be used for any transfer of development rights. The following minimum conditions shall be required:
         (a)   Adequate pedestrian facilities from the primary structure to the remote parking area shall be provided.
         (b)   Safety lighting shall be provided within the public right-of-way from the primary structure to the remote parking area.
      (5)   Width of commercial and multi-family driveways. The width of commercial and multi-family driveways shall be no less than 12 feet in a one-way traffic flow and 24 feet in a two-way traffic flow.
      (6)   Width and length of driveway serving a one- or two-family dwelling. The width of a residential driveway shall be no less than ten feet; if used as part of the parking area, shall be of sufficient length to keep the number of parked cars provided for in division (A)(1) off the street right-of-way.
      (7)   Materials for driveways and parking lots.
         (a)   Commercial driveways, parking areas and turn around areas shall be made of asphalt, concrete or permeable blocks, pavements, including porous concrete, porous asphalt, concrete grid pavers, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and plastic reinforcing grids as defined in § 153.180(E)(3)(b). No types of temporary materials, such as landing mats and boards, shall be used for the construction of driveways.
         (b)   Overflow parking areas for commercial sites, in excess of required parking, may utilize grassed or unimproved areas of the site for parking. Parking shall not be allowed in required stormwater, landscaped or wastewater areas. If improvements are made to overflow parking areas standards and materials for required parking areas shall be utilized.
         (c)   Single-family and duplex residential driveway and parking areas can utilize approved commercial materials as in division (7)(a) above or a minimum of four inches of compacted Aggregate Base Course (ABC) with one inch of pea gravel as an approved surface. When ABC pea gravel option is utilized, the following conditions shall apply:
            1.   All improvements in the right-of-way shall meet one of the commercial specifications listed in division (7)(a).
            2.   Loose stone surface shall be bordered by concrete or salt-treated timbers in a manner which retains the stone in the driveway or parking area.
         (d)   Gravel driveways and parking areas shall be allowed in the G&I Public and MFED Zoning Districts for recreational facilities that will be unoccupied.
      (8)   Curbs. In any commercial zone and for all hotels, motels and auditoriums in a high-density residential zone (RH), a curb of at least six inches in height shall be constructed along the entire width of the building lot on all highway or street sides of the lot. The curbing shall be constructed of concrete. Curbing may also be required to aid in stormwater management.
      (9)   Parking requirement for multifamily and commercial establishments.
         (a) Yards. Commercial and multi-family. No parking lot shall be located closer than ten feet to a public right-of-way. The area between the parking lot and street right-of-way shall be planted and maintained in lawn or other appropriate planting, or shall be improved otherwise as approved in site plan review.
         (b)   Lighting. Any lighting shall be arranged so as to direct the light and glare away from streets and adjacent property. (See § 153.074, Outdoor lighting.)
         (c)   Drainage. Parking lots shall not drain onto or across public rights-of-way, or into adjacent property except into a natural watercourse or a drainage easement;
         (d)   Markings. For multi-family and commercial establishments, each parking space shall be clearly marked and maintained.
         (e)   Entrances for multi-family and commercial establishments. On all corner lots, no vehicular openings shall be located at closer than 36 feet from the point of intersection of the established street right-of-way lines. No entrances or exits, whether or not on a corner lot, shall exceed 30 feet in width at the property line. The outside radius (R) an entrance/exit connection shall be a minimum of five feet, not to exceed a maximum of 15 feet except where required for ingress/egress by fire apparatus as determined by the Fire Code Official, and then not to exceed 25 feet. There shall be a minimum distance between one-way driveways of 25 feet measured along the curb line.
         (f)   Special commercial and multi-family entrance requirements - US 158/Croatan Highway. Where a lot abuts U.S. 158/Croatan Highway and does not abut any other dedicated public right-of-way, one entrance shall be allowed consistent with the following dimensional requirements: the width of a commercial driveway shall not exceed 36 feet measured at the property line. The outside radius (R) of an entrance/exit connection shall be a minimum of five feet, not to exceed a maximum of 25 feet.
         (g)   Special entrance requirements – Government and Institutional Zone (G&I); public ownership. Entrance(s) for lots located in the G&I Public Zoning District used for storage of publicly-owned vehicles and equipment shall be allowed consistent with the following dimensional requirements: the width of a driveway shall not exceed 36 feet measured at the point of tangency; and the outside radius of an entrance/exit connection shall be a minimum of five feet, not to exceed a maximum of 45 feet.
         (h)   Special entrance requirements - emergency services. Where a lot abuts U.S. 158/Croatan Highway and does not abut any other dedicated public right-of-way, one entrance shall be allowed consistent with the following dimensional requirements: the width of a commercial driveway shall not exceed 115 feet measured at the property line. The outside radius (R) of an entrance/exit connection shall be a minimum of five feet, not to exceed a maximum of 45 feet.
      (10)   Parking requirements for single-family and duplex structures.  
         (a)   Yards.
            1.   Dwellings with four bedrooms or less:
               a.   Driveways and parking areas shall not exceed a single or combined width of 80% of the total lot width, not to exceed 40 feet, whichever is less; and
               b.   Driveways and parking areas shall maintain a minimum of a two-foot side yard setback and must maintain a five-foot setback in rear yards.
            2.   Dwellings with five to ten bedrooms:
               a.   A minimum of one but no more than two paved driveways of at least ten feet in width and not exceeding a single or combined width of 20 feet shall be permitted in this area. Driveway width shall be maintained from the point on entry at the property line for five linear feet. Parking setback shall be equal to the total width of the driveway(s) measured from the property line. Driveways in the required parking setback area cannot be used for calculation of required parking.
               b.   Parking setbacks shall be a minimum of five feet from the property line for both driveways and parking areas.
               c.   Turn around area for properties abutting highways, thoroughfares and/or collector streets shall be within the designated parking area outlined in this section. Driveways with a minimum width of 20 feet may utilize the driveway area within the required setback as the turn around area.
            3.   Dwellings with 11 bedrooms or more:
               a.   A minimum of one but no more than two paved driveways of at least ten feet in width and not exceeding a single or combined width of 20 feet shall be permitted in this area. Driveway width shall be maintained from the point on entry at the property line for five linear feet. Parking setback shall be equal to the total width of the driveway(s) measured from the property line. Driveways in the required parking setback area cannot be used for calculation of required parking.
               b.   Parking setbacks shall be a minimum of seven feet from the property line for both driveways and parking areas.
               c.   Exception: Parking setbacks shall be a minimum of five feet from the property line for driveways, access aisles, and parking areas provided with a clearly marked access aisle including "no parking" with the following design requirements. There shall be a minimum of one access aisle designed open and unobstructed within 20 feet of primary dwelling. Minimum access aisle width shall be ten feet.
               d.   Turn around area for properties abutting highways, thoroughfares and/or collector streets shall be within the designated parking area outlined in this section. Driveways with a minimum width of 20 feet may utilize the driveway area within the required setback as the turn around area.
      (11)   Solid waste requirements. Sufficient space shall be provided on the premises for the location of solid waste containers as required by § 50.15 of this code, regulating the collection and disposal of trash and garbage. Such solid waste container location may be in a required parking lot; provided that such location does not occupy a required parking space or maneuvering space; and provided further that such solid waste container location shall provide convenient and safe access to the servicing vehicle.
      (12)   Vehicle circulation and movement.
         (a)   Vehicle accommodation areas, specifically turn around areas, shall be designed so that, without resorting to extraordinary movements, vehicles may exit such areas without backing onto a public street.
         (b)   Vehicle accommodation areas of all development shall be designed so that sanitation, emergency, and other public service vehicles can serve such developments without the necessity of backing unreasonable distances or making other dangerous or hazardous turning movements.
         (c)   Circulation areas shall be designed so that vehicles can proceed safely without posing a danger to pedestrians or other vehicles and without interfering with parking areas.
         (d)   Spaces for restaurant employee parking may be arranged in a stacked configuration (spaces one in front of another) not to exceed 15% of the total required spaces. Stacking may not be deeper than two spaces, both of which shall be considered stacked. Signs shall indicate the location of employee parking spaces.
      (13)   Sidewalk requirements for commercial and multi-family development abutting US 158 in the Commercial Zoning District. Sidewalk improvements shall be installed along the entire length of properties fronting US 158. The sidewalk improvements shall be a minimum width of five feet and meet all NCDOT standards.
   (B)   Minimum parking requirements and specific use standards.
      (1)   All developments in all zoning districts shall provide the number of parking spaces, as specified in the Table of Parking Requirements, to accommodate the number of vehicles that are likely to be attracted to the development in question.
      (2)   When determination of the number of parking spaces required by this table results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of one-half or less may be disregarded, while a fraction in excess of one-half shall be counted as one parking space.
      (3)   All space requirements which are based upon employment shall be computed on the basis of the greatest number of persons on duty at any one period during the day or night.
      (4)   The required parking space for any number of separate uses may be combined in one lot but the required space assigned to one use may not be assigned to another use, except that one- half of the parking space required for places of worship, theaters or assembly halls whose peak attendance will be at night or on Sundays may be assigned to a use which will be closed at night and on Sundays.
      (5)   It is recognized that the table cannot and does not cover every possible situation that may arise. Therefore, in cases not specifically or reasonably covered, the Board of Commissioners will determine the parking requirements using this table as a guide.
   (C)   Parking reduction schedule. A reserve area shall be created when using any reduction in parking. Each reserve area shall be clearly indicated on the site plan including layout and the number of parking spaces utilized in the reduction. All reserve area shall be calculated as impervious area for purposes of lot coverage and stormwater management.
 
If the required parking facilities total:
Required parking for the proposed use can be reduced by:
100 to 150 parking spaces
10%
151 to 250 parking spaces
20%
251 or more parking spaces
30%
 
   (D)   Table of parking requirements.
Residential and related uses
Required parking
Residential and related uses
Required parking
Automated ice vending structure
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area with a minimum of 4 spaces and reserved lane capacity equal to 3 spaces per window for any drive-through or drive-up dispensing.
Dwellings – multi-family (Commercial and Ocean Impact Residential Districts only)
2 parking spaces per dwelling, plus one parking space for each bedroom over 2. With the exception of stacked or assigned parking the number of spaces may then be reduced as follows: For 15-19 units a 10% reduction, for 20-24 units a 15% reduction, and for 25 units or more a 20% reduction. This may not be combined with the reductions permitted by § 153.076(C).
Dwellings – single-family, duplex and multi- family (including mobile homes)
2 parking spaces per dwelling unit, plus 1 parking space for each bedroom over 2
Dwellings – accessory dwelling unit (ADU)
1 parking space per accessory dwelling unit plus 1 space for each bedroom over 1
Hotel and motel
1.2 parking spaces for each unit, plus 1 parking space for each employee
Hotel/motel with restaurant
1.2 parking spaces for each unit, plus 1 parking space for each employee, plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
Hotel/motel with retail, office, meetings
1.2 parking spaces for each unit, plus 1 parking space for each employee plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for secondary uses
Hotel/motel event gardens
1 parking space for every 3 persons the event garden is designed to accommodate when fully utilized
Retail, office and related uses
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
Exceptions to retail, office and related use:
Medical offices (not urgent care), dentist, hairstylist, barber, bank and financial institutions and business/professional offices with 5,000-square- foot gross floor area or less
1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area provided the area that would be required for parking at the ratio above remain open area used for landscaping, stormwater or other use that does not create impervious areas
5,001-10,000 gross square feet or less
1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area provided the area that would be required for parking at the ratio above remain open area used for landscaping, stormwater or other use that does not create impervious areas
10,001 gross square feet and over
1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area provided the area that would be required for parking at the ratio above remain open area used for landscaping, stormwater or other use that does not create impervious areas
Furniture stores with a minimum of 4,000 square feet
One parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area
Retail, office and related uses:
Required parking: 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for the following uses:
Antique shops
Hammocks
Appliance stores
Hardware stores
Art galleries
Home care systems (wheelchairs and the like)
Arts and crafts
Jewelry stores
Astrology and tarot card reading office
Laundromats
Auto supplies
Medical offices less than 4,000 square feet with a minimum of 5 spaces
Automobile sales, rentals, and repair
Motorcycle sales and service
Bait and tackle shops
Music stores
Bank
Paint and wall treatment stores
Beauty parlors/barber shops/nail salonsPersonal spas
Blueprint business (reproductions and the like)
Pet stores
Boat sales, rentals, and repair
Pharmacies/drug store
Body piercing
Photo shops (film processing, sales and the like)
Books
Pools and spas
Broadcast studios
Post office
Business/professional
Produce markets
Carpet and flooring
Rental shops
Clothing
Safety equipment
Clothing (tailor)
Shoe repair
Convenience stores
Sign business
Cycle and skate shops
Tanning salons
Dry cleaners
Taxicab operations
Electronic equipment, sales and repair
Thrift stores/consignment shop
Embroidering/screen printing shops
Toy stores
Financial institutions
Trophy and engraving shop
Florists
Surfboard manufacture shop
Food/produce/grocery store
Video, audio, and lighting
Frames (picture frames, matting and the like)
Water care products and supplies
Furniture
Window and door stores
Gift shops
Wood crafts and hobbies
Government offices
Dental offices
Medical offices less than 3,000 square feet
 
One parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area for the following uses:
Furniture stores with a minimum of 4,000 square feet
 
Drive-in and drive-through windows
Reserved lane capacity equal to 5 spaces per window and 3 spaces of reserve lane capacity for drive-through automated teller machines, plus required parking for the enclosed structure/use
Car wash, conveyor type
1 space for every 3 employees, plus reservoir capacity equal to 5 times the capacity of the washing operation
Car wash, self-service type
2 spaces for drying and cleaning purposes per stall, plus 2 reservoir spaces in front of each stall
 
Restaurant uses
Required parking
Brewery with secondary use(s) (bar, restaurant, retail and the like)
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for the brewery, plus parking for secondary uses as required in this chapter
Restaurants, bars, nightclubs (no substantial carry-out or delivery service, no drive-in service, no service or consumption outside fully enclosed building)
1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor area
Restaurants, bars, nightclubs (carry-out and delivery service, drive-in service, service outside fully enclosed structure)
1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor area, including outside dining areas and a reservoir lane capacity equal to 5 spaces per drive-in window
Restaurants with secondary use(s) (brewery, retail, amusement arcade and the like)
1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor area for the restaurant use, plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for the secondary use(s)
Carry-out facilities, snack bars, refreshment stands, bakeries, limited food establishments with no indoor or outdoor seating or any establishment where food is prepared for consumption off premises
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
 
 
Wholesale, warehouse or industrial uses
Required parking
Warehouse as defined in § 153.002
1 parking space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area, 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for office areas, but not less than 6 parking spaces
Light Industrial Warehouse as defined in § 153.002
1 parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area, 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for office areas, but not less than 5 parking spaces
Retail Warehouse as defined in § 153.002
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for retail and office areas and 1 parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area for storage area with no public access
Warehouse, industrial complex
1 parking space per 600 square feet of gross floor area for industrial complex and office as defined. 1 parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area for additional office space and/or all other uses
 
 
Recreational uses
Required parking
Skating rinks, tennis, billiards and pool halls, indoor athletic and exercise facilities, fishing piers, miniature golf, driving range, amusement arcade, batting cages, ball fields, water rides, skateboard ramps, swimming pools, haunted houses, trampoline with harness and tether, small amusement rides with maximum capacity of 24 persons
1 parking space for every 3 persons that the facilities are designed to accommodate when fully utilized, plus 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area used in a manner not susceptible to such calculation
Auditorium or convention centers
1 parking space for each 2 spectator seats
Assembly halls, libraries, museums, nonprofit organizations, art centers, social and fraternal area clubs, union halls and similar uses
1 parking space per 300 square feet of gross floor
Theaters
1 parking space for each 4 seats
 
Institutional uses
Required parking
Institutional uses
Required parking
Medical clinics or health clinics
1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area
Hospitals and other medical facilities in excess of 10,000 square feet of gross floor area
2 spaces per bed or 1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area, whichever is greater
Nursing homes/Assisted living
3 parking spaces for each 5 beds intended for patient use
Places of worship
1 parking space for every 4 seats in the portion of the religious complex to be used for services, plus spaces for any residential use as determined in accordance with the parking requirements set forth for residential use, plus 1 space for every 200 square feet of gross floor area designed to be used neither for services nor residential purposes
Nursery schools and day care centers
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee
Services and enterprises related to animals
1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee
Elementary and secondary schools
25 parking spaces, plus 1.75 spaces for each classroom and administrative office
High schools
25 parking spaces, plus 1 space for each 5 students for which the building was designed, plus 1 space for each classroom and administrative office
Trade or vocational schools, colleges, community colleges and universities
1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area
Emergency Services Facility (Police, Fire, EMS)
1 parking space per employee on duty and 1 parking space per 200 square feet of training facility and customer service areas
 
Shopping Centers/Office Complex
Required parking
Shopping Centers/Office Complex
Required parking
Shopping center/office complex - 5,000 gross square feet or less (no restaurant uses)
1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
Shopping center/office complex - 5,000 gross square feet or less w/restaurant uses   
1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area for retail and office uses   
1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area for restaurant use
Shopping center/office complex - 5,000 to 10,000 gross square feet (no restaurant uses)
1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
Shopping center/office complex - 5,000 to 10,000 gross square feet w/restaurant uses
1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area for retail and office uses
1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area for restaurant use
Shopping center/office complex - greater than 10,000 gross square feet
1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
 
   (E)   Off-street loading. One or more loading berths or other spaces shall be provided for standing, loading and unloading operations either inside or outside a building or structure erected in accordance with the requirements of the following table. A loading berth shall have minimum plan dimensions of 12 feet by 60 feet and an overhead clearance of 14 feet. A loading space need not be necessarily a full berth but shall be sufficient to allow normal loading and unloading operations of a kind and magnitude appropriate to the property served thereby. The Board of Commissioners shall determine the sufficiency of loading space but in no case shall the use of such space hinder the free movement of vehicles and pedestrians over a street, sidewalk or alley.
Use Classification
Space Requirements
Use Classification
Space Requirements
Retail operations, including restaurant and dining facilities within hotels and office buildings, with a total useable floor area of 20,000 square feet or more devoted to such purpose
One loading berth every 10,000 square feet of floor area
Retail operations and all first floor nonresidential uses with a gross floor area of less than 20,000 square feet and all wholesale and light industrial operations with a gross floor area of less than 10,000 square feet
One loading berth every 10,000 square feet of floor area
Office buildings and hotels with a total useable floor area of 100,000 square feet or more devoted to such purposes
One loading berth for every 100,000 square feet of floor area
Industrial and wholesale operations with a gross floor area of:
10,000 to 40,000 square feet
One loading berth
40,001 to 100,000 square feet
Two loading berths
100,001 to 160,000 square feet
Three loading berths
160,001 to 240,000 square feet
Four loading berths
240,001 to 320,000 square feet
Five loading berths
320,001 to 400,000 square feet
Six loading berths
Each 90,000 square feet above 400,000 square feet
One additional berth
 
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 97-02, passed 2-26-97; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 02-06, passed 3-13-02; Am. Ord. 02-09, passed 6-10-02; Am. Ord. 03-01, passed 2-10-03; Am. Ord. 03-09, passed 6-25-03; Am. Ord. 03-16, passed 10-15-03; Am. Ord. 04-08, passed 5-26-04; Am. Ord. 04-11, passed 5-26-04; Am. Ord. 04-12, passed 7-12-04; Am. Ord. 04-18, passed 10-11-04; Am. Ord. 05-01, passed 1-10-05; Am. Ord. 05-12, passed 8-8-05; Am. Ord. 05-13, passed 8-8-05; Am. Ord. 05-19, passed 10-4-05; Am. Ord. 06-23, passed 10-9-06; Am. Ord. 06-24, passed 11-15-06; Am. Ord. 07-17, passed 10-24-07; Am. Ord. 08-17, passed 7-14-08; Am. Ord. 09-03, passed 1-28-09; Am. Ord. 10-03, passed 4-12-10; Am. Ord. 10-06, passed 5-26-10; Am. Ord. 10-15, passed 9-13-10; Am. Ord. 11-05, passed 4-11-11; Am. Ord. 11-09, passed 5-25-11; Am. Ord. 12-02, passed 2-13-12; Am. Ord. 12-04, passed 3-28-12; Am. Ord. 13-01, passed 1-14-13; Am. Ord. 13-3, passed 3-20-13; Am. Ord. 13-4, passed 4-24-13; Am. Ord. 13-15, passed 10-14-13; Am. Ord. 13-16, passed 10-14-13; Am. Ord. 14-05, passed 3-10-14; Am. Ord. 14-25, passed 2-9-15; Am. Ord. 15-15, passed 5-16-16; Am. Ord. 16-21, passed 7-19-18; Am. Ord. 16-25, passed 4-24-19; Am. Ord. 17-18, passed 5-27-20; Am. Ord. 17-27, passed 3-12-21; Am. Ord. 17-28, passed 3-8-21; Am. Ord. 18-1, passed 4-12-21; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21; Am. Ord. 19-7, passed 1-10-22; Am. Ord. 19-15, passed 12-12-22)

§ 153.077 SIGNS.

   In an effort to ensure public health and welfare and a pleasing aesthetic environment and to promote traffic safety, the town has adopted the regulations and standards contained in this section.
   (A)   Permit required.
      (1)   No sign shall be erected, constructed, altered or maintained, except as provided in this section, until a permit for the same has been issued by the Zoning Administrator and the fee paid. A minimum fee for any sign permit shall be determined from time to time by the Board.
      (2)   Any freestanding or wall sign which will require a permit will also require inspection by the Building Inspector.
   (B)   Exempt signs. The following signs shall be exempt:
      (1)   Signs bearing only property numbers, names of occupants or premises or other identification of premises not having commercial connotations;
      (2)   Flags.
         (a)   Legal governmental flags displayed in a manner compliant with all laws.
         (b)   Decorative flags no more than 24 square feet located within the property lines and in no case shall any part of the flag be closer than ten feet from the edge of pavement within any right-of-way.
         (c)   Two decorative flags per single business site or one flag per business if located within a shopping center or office complex with multiple businesses per site (to be effective as of January 1, 2015).
      (3)   Legal notices or identifications, information or directional signs erected or required by governmental bodies or public utilities;
      (4)   Integral decorative or architectural features of buildings, except letters, trademarks, moving parts or moving lights;
      (5)   Electronic message boards displaying time, temperature and wind direction and velocity signs;
      (6)   "For Sale" or "For Rent" signs that meet the limitations on square footage as defined in subsection (C)(1)(b) of this section shall be exempt from the permit requirements of division (A) of this section;
      (7)   During the construction, repair or alteration of a structure, a temporary construction sign which denotes the architect, engineer, contractor or builder or which denotes the name of the structure and its use or occupants-to-be may be placed on the site as a ground or wall sign. Such sign shall not exceed 64 square feet and shall not exceed 20 feet in height above street grade. All construction site signs shall be removed when the building has been approved for occupancy by the Building Inspector or within 60 days of termination of work on the site, whichever shall occur first;
      (8)   Signs on county, municipal or school ballfield fences, provided the signs do not exceed 24 square feet in area, have been given prior approval by the Board of Commissioners, and are valid for a period of four consecutive months;
      (9)   Advertising messages or symbols painted or constructed on a business vehicle that is used in day-to-day business operations with valid registration, license and inspection. These shall be reviewed by the Zoning Administrator;
      (10)   Neon or LED signs, provided they are no larger than two square feet and indicate "Open," "Closed" or "No Vacancy." These signs may not suggest movement, be animated in any way or blink on and off.
      (11)   Strings of electric light bulbs on commercial sites that are not flashing or intermittently illuminated or appear to be flashing or glittering or moving shall be permitted on the following dates and at no other time:
         (a)   November 22 through January 7; and
         (b)    July 2 through July 6.
      (12)   One "Open House" sign that does not exceed 36 square feet and is set back a minimum of seven feet from any property line or one "Open House" banner attached to the primary structure that does not exceed 75 square feet shall be exempt from the permit requirements of division (A) of this section. At no time shall the sign be illuminated.
      (13)   Signage and/or electronic screens not exceeding two square feet on order pedestals at food service establishments.
   (C)   Generally allowed.
      (1)   The following signs shall be allowed in all zones:
         (a)   Directional and informational signs may be erected and maintained by public agencies and governmental bodies;
         (b)   One lease or rent sign and one for sale sign may be used per lot, each of which shall not exceed 6 square feet plus frame. These signs shall be located at least seven feet from the street line and side property lines and shall be removed 14 days after the property has been sold, rented or leased. Sale or lease signs for commercial property shall be limited to 36 square feet and shall be removed 14 days after the property has been sold, rented or leased.
         (c)   Places of worship, schools, community centers and other public and institutional uses may erect one sign or bulletin board not exceeding 12 square feet in area for the purpose of displaying the name of the institution and related information. The signs shall be used as wall signs or shall be located at least 7½ feet from property lines. Any sign over 12 square feet will require a permit.
         (d)   Subdivision signs advertising the sale of lots or buildings within new subdivisions on which they are located are permitted, provided that:
            1.   They are nonilluminated or indirectly illuminated;
            2.   They do not exceed 64 square feet;
            3.   Not more than one such sign shall be located at each major approach to the subdivision;
            4.   They meet all requirements applying to principal structures with regard to yard, setback and height requirements;
            5.   Display of such signs shall be limited to a period of two years;
            6.   A permit is required.
      (2)   Prior to the expiration date of the permit for subdivision signs, the applicant may request one extension of two years. Signs shall be removed prior to the expiration of the two-year period or extension thereof. If the sign has not been removed, the town may enter the premises upon which the sign is located and remove such sign at no liability to the town and at the expense of the owner.
      (3)   Permanent subdivision signs without advertising may remain as long as they are adequately maintained. Subdivisions remote from a main thoroughfare may locate one off-premises sign, provided the sign meets the specifications for subdivision signs detailed below:
         (a)   They are nonilluminated or indirectly illuminated;
         (b)   They do not exceed 64 square feet;
         (c)   Not more than one such sign shall be located at each major approach to the subdivision;
         (d)   They meet all requirements applying to principal structures with regard to yard, setback and height requirements;
         (e)   They are landscaped and well-maintained in the best interest of the developer and the community;
         (f)   A permit is required.
      (4)   In the event a freestanding sign is destroyed by fire, flood or storm and such damage was not caused nor contributed to by the owner, occupant or user, one temporary message board may be permitted, subject to the following conditions:
         (a)   It shall be displayed only during daylight hours (sunup to sundown);
         (b)   It shall not exceed six square feet in area;
         (c)   It shall not be displayed within any highway or local road right-of-way and shall be on the property of the advertising business;
         (d)   It shall not be displayed when conditions could cause public injury or property damage;
         (e)   It shall not be displayed longer than 60 days;
         (f)   No fees or permits are necessary.
      (5)   Roof signs will be permitted on gambrel and A-frame roofs subject to the following conditions:
         (a)   Gambrel roofs and A-frame roofs have a minimum pitch of 29/12;
         (b)   Signs only be allowed on the steepest portion of the roof;
         (c)   Maximum height of any sign shall be 20 feet from the average finished grade.
         (d)   Signs shall not be located on the ridge of the roof.
   (D)   Detailed specifications for commercial zone and light industrial zones signs.
      (1)   For each lot, tract or parcel, the maximum square footage of signage that may be displayed shall be based on the following formula. (For shopping centers see subsection (D)(11).)
         (a)   On lots with 100 feet or less of road or highway frontage, 36 square feet of signage, including any combination of freestanding and manual message board, may be displayed on one freestanding sign, such sign not to exceed 20 feet in elevation above street grade, measured from ground elevation to the top of the sign structure. An additional two square feet of wall sign may be displayed on the building for each lineal foot of building frontage. However, no single wall sign shall exceed 100 square feet.
         (b)   On lots with 101 feet to 150 feet of road or highway frontage, 50 square feet of signage, including any combination of freestanding and manual message board, may be displayed on one freestanding sign, such sign not to exceed 20 feet in elevation above street grade, measured from ground elevation to the top of the sign structure. An additional two square feet of wall sign may be displayed on the building for each lineal foot of building frontage. However, no single wall sign shall exceed 100 square feet.
         (c)   On lots with 151 feet or more of road frontage, 64 square feet of signage, including any combination of freestanding and manual message board, may be displayed on one freestanding sign, such sign not to exceed 20 feet in elevation above street grade measured from ground elevation to the top of the sign structure. An additional two square feet of wall sign may be displayed on the building for each lineal foot of building frontage. However, no single wall sign shall exceed 100 square feet.
         (d)   On any lot with 151 feet or more of road frontage, greater than five acres, where the principal building is a minimum of 150 feet from the right-of-way, 64 square feet of signage, including any combination of freestanding and manual message board, may be displayed on one freestanding sign, such sign not to exceed 20 feet in elevation above street grade measured from ground elevation to the top of the sign structure. An additional two square feet of wall sign may be displayed on the building for each lineal foot of building frontage. However, no single wall sign shall exceed 250 square feet. In no case shall total area of wall signs exceed 600 square feet per building frontage.
         (e)   One flag per business shall be allowed (effective date January 1, 2015).
      (2)   Measurements of sign size for computation of compliance with this chapter is based on the size of the letters and then the total area of the letters. This total shall be the total signage permitted based upon the business building frontage measurement. (See illustration in Appendix C.) In no case shall the solid surface of base and frame exceed double the permitted sign area.
      (3)   Lighting shall be shielded so as to prevent a direct view of the light from a residence or a street in a residential district.
      (4)   Temporary signs, banners, placards, decorations or the like, constructed of light materials, for the promotion of noncommercial enterprises or events taking place in the town, may be displayed in any commercial zone. No such signs may be erected on or affixed to public property nor exceed 100 square feet and must not encroach on the right-of-way. These temporary signs must be removed within five days after the event has taken place. The sign shall be attached to a building.
      (5)   Temporary signs, banners, placards, decorations or the like, constructed of light materials, for the promotion of commercial enterprises, grand openings or similar uses taking place in the town, may be displayed for a period not to exceed 90 days, upon the responsible party having secured a permit for such from the Zoning Administrator. No such sign shall exceed 100 square feet. The sign shall be attached to a building.
      (6)   A general informational sign located on site, such as “no parking,” “entrance,” “loading only,” “telephone” or other similar directives shall not exceed three square feet, and total square footage of all informational signs shall not exceed 33 square feet.
      (7)   For each food service business, menu boards and preview boards for each drive- through may be permitted, provided that the sum of all menu boards and preview boards does not exceed 60 square feet in total display area and does not exceed eight feet in height above street or driveway elevation.
      (8)   For the purpose of determining the number of signs, a sign shall be considered to be a single display surface or display device containing elements organized, related or composed to form a unit. Where matter is displayed in a random manner without organized relationship of elements, each element shall be considered to be a single sign.
      (9)   The surface area of a sign shall be computed as including the entire area within a regular geometric form comprising all of the informational display area of the sign and all of the elements of the matter displayed. The area of a double-faced sign shall be the area of one face of the sign, provided that the two faces are of the same size and are parallel to one another with no more than 24 inches between each sign face.
      (10)   Window signs shall be allowed on the inside or the outside of glazing provided that they do not comprise more than 25% of the gross glazing area of the building and are not separately illuminated or backlit by lighting installed for that purpose. Miscellaneous business signs, such as credit card signs, open and closed signs, hours of operation, etc., are not included in this calculation, provided that each group/set of miscellaneous business signs do not exceed two square feet in area and only one group/set of such signs are allowed per entrance. Signs placed on the outside of the window must be made of weatherproof materials and shall be maintained in good order. Window signs shall not contain luminous or fluorescent colors or materials that glow when illuminated by any light source. The signs may not suggest movement, be animated in any way, blink or change when viewed from different angles. All window signs shall be brought into compliance by June 1, 2010.
      (11)   Neon signs for internal illumination visible from the right-of-way cannot exceed a total area of 20 square feet. These signs may not suggest movement, be animated in any way or blink on and off.
      (12)   Shopping center/office complex signs.
         (a)   Areas within a shopping center/office complex shall be identified as primary or secondary areas. Primary areas are those composed of 20,000 square feet or more of retail or office space. Secondary areas are those composed of less than 20,000 square feet of retail or office space.
            1.   For primary uses within a shopping center/office complex, two square feet of business sign area may be displayed for each lineal foot of store/office frontage. However, no sign shall exceed 150 square feet. Multiple signs on the store/office frontage may be displayed, so long as the total area for each individual sign does not exceed 150 square feet and the total area of all combined signs on the face of the store/office does not exceed two square feet for each lineal foot of store/office frontage. Stores/offices which are located on a corner with a wall facing a different street or road from the front of the building shall be permitted to display a sign with an area no larger than 36 square feet on the sidewall.
         (b)   1.   Secondary uses may display 36 square feet of sign area on the front of the building; however, if the store/office frontage exceeds 30 linear feet, permitted sign area shall be calculated at 1¼ square feet of sign area for each linear foot of store frontage, up to a maximum of 50 square feet.
            2.   Store/office located on a corner with a wall facing a different road or street from the front of the building shall be permitted to display a sign with an area no larger than 36 square feet on the side wall. Total sign area on secondary use corner stores/offices, with a wall facing a different road or street from the front of the building, shall not exceed 72 square feet of signage.
         (c)   One freestanding sign, including any combination of freestanding and manual message board, not to exceed a total sign area of 64 square feet, will be authorized for a shopping center/office complex. A freestanding sign must identify the name of the shopping center/office complex and may also identify the names of the individual stores/offices, but may not exceed the square footage set forth above. A freestanding sign may not exceed 20 feet in elevation above street grade, measured from ground elevation to the top of the sign structure.
         (d)   1.   For the purpose of determining the number of signs, a sign shall be considered to be a single display surface or display device containing elements organized, related or composed to form a unit. Where matter is displayed in a random manner without organized relationship of elements, each element shall be considered to be a single sign.
            2.   The surface area of a sign shall be computed as including the entire area within a regular geometric form comprising all of the display area of the sign and including frames and all of the elements of the matter displayed. The area of a double-faced sign shall be the area of one face of the sign, provided that the two faces are of the same size and are parallel to one another with no more than 24 inches between each sign face.
      (13)   Remote parking identification signs shall be located on the remote parking lot and no more than 30 square feet and no greater than ten feet in elevation above street grade, measured from ground to the top of the sign structure.
      (14)   For event gardens as an accessory use to hotels or motels, the wall sign size allowance for the principal use may be shared between the hotel/motel and the accessory use with no greater than 36 square feet allocated to the accessory use. Wall signage may be placed on permanent entrances ways only, such as an entrance trellis or arch. Signage shall not be placed on fencing.
      (15)   LED STRING ACCENT LIGHTING is defined as lines of LED lighting no greater than two inches in diameter that are continuous. For purposes of this chapter, LED accent lighting shall be permitted in the Commercial Zoning District with the following conditions:
         (a)   LED string accent lights shall be straight continuous colored lined.
         (b)   LED string accent lights shall be parallel to the ground (no shaped or other outlining permitted).
         (c)   LED string accent lights shall only be allowed on one structure per commercial site. No more than two lines of LED string accent lights shall be permitted and lines cannot be separated by more than four feet on the structure.
         (d)   LED string accent lights shall be limited to one color per commercial site.
         (e)   LED string accent lights may not suggest movement, flashing, be intermittently illuminated or appear to be flashing or glittering.
         (f)   LED string accent lights shall be located no higher than 15 feet from finished grade on the site.
         (g)   LED string accent lights shall be permanently affixed to the structure, not hanging or temporary attached to the structure (temporary attachment includes adhesive).
         (h)   LED string accent lights must be maintained and proper working order. Strings that are partially lit or not functioning properly will be required to be turned off until removed or repaired.
      (16)   Strings of electric light bulbs greater than two inches (café style lighting) for the purpose of supplementary site lighting in approved outdoor dining/outdoor waiting activity areas for patrons on commercial sites and permanently attached to the structure that are not flashing or intermittently illuminated or appear to be flashing, fading, glittering, moving, or deemed a traffic distraction shall be permitted in the commercial zone with the following conditions:
         (a)   Shall be parallel to the ground (no shaped or other outlining permitted).
         (b)   Shall be limited to one continuous string.
         (c)   Shall be limited to one color per commercial site.
         (d)   Shall be located no higher than 15 feet from finished grade on the site.
         (e)   Shall be permanently attached to the primary structure, accessory structure and permanent piling/poles. Attachment to any freestanding or building signage is prohibited.
         (f)   Shall be maintained and in proper working order. Strings that are partially lit or not functioning properly or deemed a traffic distraction will be required to be turned off until removed or repaired.
         (g)   Shall not be located within required parking, drive aisle, or landscaping buffer.
   (E)   Prohibited signs.
      (1)   Signs which are flashing or intermittently illuminated or appear to be flashing or glittering or moving and strings of lights are prohibited in commercial and light industrial sites except as exempt in § 153.077(B)(11). No strings of flags shall be permitted in any zone.
      (2)   Billboards.
      (3)   Portable signs, except those allowed in division (C)(4).
      (4)   Roof signs except as permitted in division (C)(5).
      (5)   No sign shall make use of the words "Stop," "Slow," "Caution," "Danger" or any other word, phrase, symbol or character in such manner as is reasonably likely to be confused with traffic directional and regulatory signs.
      (6)   Signs that impair vision clearance at intersection.
      (7)   Vehicular signs.
      (8)   Signs which advertise an activity, business, product or service no longer produced or conducted on the premises upon which the sign is located. The signs may remain in place for not more than 90 days.
      (9)   Signs which are attached to utility poles, trees, fences, publicly-owned signs or in an unauthorized manner to walls or other signs.
      (10)   Off-premises accessory use directional signs are prohibited. Existing off-premises accessory use directional signs and support structures shall be removed by June 25, 2002.
      (11)   Tourist Oriented Directional Signs (TODS).
      (12)   Projection signs.
      (13)   Exposed neon, argon, krypton or similar gas lighting except as outlined in (B)(10) above.
      (14)   LCD and electronic message boards except as outlined in (B)(5) above.
      (15)   LED signs, string accent lights, or lighting unless used as a light source to internally or directly illuminate wall or freestanding signage or as provided in (D)(15) above.
      (16)   Flags that are torn greater than two inches or that are frayed (threadbare, worn, tattered, unraveled, etc.) in excess of one inch and flags not hanging in the manner it was designed or not hanging in a legal manner.
   (F)   Unsafe signs. Should any sign become insecure or in danger of falling or otherwise be unsafe, in the opinion of the Building Inspector, then the owner thereof, or the person maintaining the same, shall, upon written notice from the Building Inspector, forthwith in the case of immediate danger or in any case within ten days, secure the same in a manner to be approved by the Building Inspector in conformity with the provisions of this section or remove the sign. If such order is not complied with within ten days, the Building Inspector shall remove such sign at the expense of the owner or lessee thereof.
   (G)   Maintenance. All signs, together with all their supports, braces, guides and anchors, shall be kept in repair and, unless of galvanized or noncorroding metal, shall be thoroughly painted at least once every two years.
   (H)   Design standards. All signs shall be constructed and designed according to generally accepted engineering practices to withstand wind pressures and load distribution as specified in the State Building Code.
   (I)   Obstruction of fire escapes, windows, doors and the like. No outdoor advertising sign shall be installed, erected or constructed so as to obstruct any fire escapes or any window or door opening used as a means of egress or so as to prevent free passage from one part of a roof to any other part thereof. No sign shall be attached in any manner to a fire escape or be placed in such manner as to interfere with any opening required by law for ventilation.
   (J)   Alteration or removal of unlawful signs.
      (1)   If any sign shall be installed, erected or constructed in violation of any of the terms of this section, the Zoning Administrator shall notify by registered mail or written notice, served personally, the owner or lessee thereof to alter such sign so as to comply with those zoning regulations and to secure the necessary permit therefor or to remove the sign immediately.
      (2)   Any sign located within a town right-of-way shall be subject to immediate removal by the Zoning Administrator.
      (3)   The failure to remove such sign as provided in this section shall be a misdemeanor. Each day the violation exists shall constitute a separate offense.
      (4)   The Zoning Administrator shall have the authority to remove and discard any sign in violation of the sign regulations or which is located upon public property.
      (5)   All signs shall be brought into compliance within three years of February 28, 2001.
   (K)   General penalty; enforcement of ordinance; continuing violations. See § 10.99.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 92-12, passed 7-22-92; Am. Ord. 94-02, passed 2-14-94; Am. Ord. 94-05, passed 4-11-94; Am. Ord. 94-06, passed 4-11-94; Am. Ord. 97-04, passed 6-25-97; Am. Ord. 99-13, passed 7-12-99; Am. Ord. 00-07, passed 5-24-00; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 01-03, passed 4-25-01; Am. Ord. 01-09, passed 7-25-01; Am. Ord. 02-04, passed 2-11-02; Am. Ord. 03-07, passed 6-25-03; Am. Ord. 04-09, passed 5-26-04; Am. Ord. 04-17, passed 10-11-04; Am. Ord. 06-16, passed 8-14-06; Am. Ord. 08-02, passed 1-14-08; Am. Ord. 09-19, passed 10-28-09; Am. Ord. 10-14, passed 7-12-10; Am. Ord. 11-05, passed 4-11-11; Am. Ord. 11-10, passed 6-13-11; Am. Ord. 11-18, passed 8-8-11; Am. Ord. 12-01, passed 1-25-12; Am. Ord. 12-13, passed 5-23-12; Am. Ord. 13-3, passed 3-20-13; Am. Ord. 14-10, passed 6-9-14; Am. Ord. 17-24, passed 9-14-20; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21; Am. Ord. 18-16, passed 10-11-21; Am. Res. passed 1-26-22) Penalty, see § 10.99

§ 153.078 ACCESS TO US 158/CROATAN HIGHWAY AND NC 12/VIRGINIA DARE TRAIL.

   (A)   Due to the heavy traffic volume on the major thoroughfares in the town and the attendant traffic hazard involved in frequent entrances and exits from and to a major thoroughfare, it is the intent of this section to keep driveways and street intersections along US 158/Croatan Highway and the west side of NC 12/Virginia Dare Trail to the minimum possible. In any district established by this chapter where a corner lot abutting either US 158/Croatan Highway or the west side of NC 12/Virginia Dare Trail also abuts any other dedicated public right-of-way, such right-of-way shall be used for access rather than the highway.
   (B)   For properties not abutting any other dedicated public right-of-way (only abutting US 158/Croatan Highway) egress direction onto US 158/Croatan Highway shall be determined on a case-by-case basis and approved by the Board of Commissioners.
   (C)   With regard to the east side of NC 12/Virginia Dare Trail, see § 91.17 of this code.
(Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 13-5, passed 5-13-13; Am. Ord. 15-12, passed 3-14-16; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.079 DUNE PROTECTION.

   (A)   Purpose. The dunes along the oceanfront and in inland areas of the town are a feature unique to coastal areas. Dunes serve as important protective barriers against the dangers of wind, flood and erosion. Some dunes are also important tourist attractions and all make a vital contribution to the character and appearance of the area. The practice of destroying or altering the existing contours of dunes and removing vegetation can constitute a serious threat to adjacent properties that depend on the dunes as protection against wind, flood and erosion. Accordingly, the town declares that the dunes should be preserved and development on the dunes controlled in a manner compatible with the preservation of the dunes.
   (B)   Intent. This section is adopted to permit development that is compatible with the environmentally-sensitive nature of sand dunes and to preserve the dunes in their existing state where such dunes are considered a vital protective barrier against wind, flood and erosion or where such dunes are considered an important existing topographic feature of the town. More specifically this chapter is adopted to:
      (1)   Preserve and protect the heritage of the town by maintaining the existence of natural and constructed dunes both along the oceanfront and in inland sections of the town;
      (2)   Protect the health, safety and welfare of persons living, visiting or sojourning to and in the town and for the protection of public and private property;
      (3)   Protect the interest of persons whose property would be detrimentally affected by the destruction or removal of oceanfront or inland dunes;
      (4)   Permit development and encourage the preservation of natural conditions;
      (5)   Prohibit commercial and industrial excavation/mining on sand dunes.
   (C)   Applicability. These standards apply additional town regulations to those ocean and inland dune(s) that are also regulated by the NC Coastal Area Management Act and subject to those state regulations.
   (D)   Regulatory standards.
      (1)   It shall be unlawful for any development activities without a valid building permit, health department approval, and CAMA authorization.
      (2)   Development at any site in areas of the town that contain oceanfront or inland dunes require the submission of a site plan including topographic information with proposed improvements for review and approval by a town zoning official.
      (3)   A horizontal/vertical slope not to exceed four feet to one foot shall be maintained unless the dune-disturbing activity is intended to provide elevations that are consistent with abutting properties. Graded slopes must be vegetated or otherwise stabilized within 30 working days of completion of the work;
      (4)   Mitigation plans prepared by a North Carolina Design Professional shall be required for any unauthorized dune disturbance. Unauthorized dune-disturbance shall be considered a violation and shall be subject to penalties:
         (a)   In accordance with G.S. § 160A-175, and unless this code of ordinances provides otherwise, violation of any provision hereof shall be a Class 3 misdemeanor as provided in G.S. § 14-4, punishable upon conviction by a fine not exceeding $50 or by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days. An ordinance may provide by express statement that the maximum fine or term of imprisonment to be imposed for its violation shall be some figure or number of days less than the maximum penalties prescribed by G.S. § 14-4.
         (b)   Penalties.
            1.   As authorized by G.S. § 160A-175, the violation of any of the provisions of this code shall subject the person or entity violating such provisions to a civil penalty of $50 per day for each of the first 15 days such violation continues after notice of the violation from the town, $100 per day for the sixteenth through the thirtieth day such violation continues after the initial notice from the town, and $500 or the maximum amount authorized under the provisions of the North Carolina General Statutes, whichever is greater, for each day after 30 days that such violation continues after the initial notice from the town.
            2.   The imposition and collection of the foregoing civil penalties shall be in addition to all other remedies available to the town at law or in equity, authorized under the provisions of the North Carolina General Statutes, including but not limited to the suspensions of licenses and permits and actions to abate, enjoin or otherwise remedy violations of this code and all such remedies shall be cumulative. The imposition of civil penalties or the use of any other civil remedy available to the town shall be in addition to and not exclusive of any criminal proceeding and/or penalties available and/or imposed for the violation of this code.
         (c)   An ordinance may provide, when appropriate, that each day's continuing violation shall be a separate and distinct offense.
         (d)   Notice of violation procedure.
            1.   For any and all violations of this Code of Ordinances, the authorized staff shall give written notice to the landowner of the subject property and tenant, if applicable. The written notice shall be delivered by personal delivery, electronic mail or by first-class mail. The notice shall be to provide to the last address listed for the owner on the Dare County tax records and/or to the physical property address. For the purposes of this notice, delivery by first-class mail shall be deemed received on the third business day following deposit of the notice in the mail with the United States Postal Service and delivery by electronic mail shall be deemed received on the date sent.
            2.   Posted notice. Notice of violations may also be posted on the property at the discretion of the authorized staff.
      (5)   It shall be a violation of this chapter to fail to repair or restore dunes or vegetation damaged by development activity not specifically allowed by exceptions in this section.
      (6)   Maintenance and repair is allowed for sand to be redistributed into the dune system from accumulation of storm over wash or wind driven sedimentation by removing sand up to six feet around buildings, driveways, and associated structures.
      (7)   Prohibition of damage to ocean and inland dunes.
         (a)   Ocean dune(s):
            1.   It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation in any manner to damage, destroy, remove or change the existing contour of any sand dune or part of any dune thereof or to kill, destroy or remove any trees, shrubs or other vegetation growing on the dunes, except in:
               a.   Elevated structures: All elevated structures shall be elevated a minimum of 18 inches and maximum of 30 inches from the underside.
               b.   Approved matted walkways for accessibility.
         (b)   Inland dune(s):
            1.   It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation in any manner to damage, destroy, remove or change the existing contour of any sand dune or part of any dune thereof or to kill, destroy or remove any trees, shrubs or other vegetation growing on the dunes, except in:
               a.   The area within the foundation perimeter of any existing building or any building to be constructed as shown on a site plan reviewed and approved by a town zoning official;
               b.   The area around the perimeter of an existing building or proposed principal building not to exceed a width of ten feet from the building foundation perimeter in accordance with a site plan approved by a town zoning official;
               c.   The area within the boundaries of existing driveways and parking areas or within the boundaries of driveways and parking areas to be constructed in accordance with a site plan approved by the Planning Board or town zoning official;
               d.   Landscaped areas and garden plots, provided the dune contour is not altered;
               e.   The area required for the construction and installation of water, sewage or wastewater disposal systems, drainfields, and stormwater control systems, provided that every reasonable effort is made not to alter the contour of the dune and the site is stabilized with plantings of vegetation approved by a town zoning official.
(Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 03-18, passed 12-8-03; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21; Am. Ord. 19-22, passed 8-14-23) Penalty, see § 10.99

§ 153.080 ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION SERVICE.

   All new electrical, communication services and TV distribution lines and all conduits used for the distribution of such signals located within the town shall be placed underground from the point of separation from the distribution line to the structure of the ultimate user. Existing distribution lines that are in place overhead on the effective date of this regulation may be extended only if such extensions are placed underground. Transformers and enclosures containing switches, meters, capacitors and the like may be pad mounted as an exception to the above.
(Ord. 99-07, passed 4-12-99; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 06-20, passed 8-14-06; Am. Ord. 06-26, passed 12-11-06; Am. Ord. 17-1, passed 5-13-19; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.081 TRAILERS.

   (A)   Prohibitions.
      (1)   No person shall build, erect, construct, locate or place in use within the town a trailer of the type used as a house trailer, except as provided in division (B) of this section.
      (2)   No person shall use a trailer of the type known and described as a house trailer for living purposes within the town, except as provided in division (B) of this section.
      (3)   No storage trailers will be allowed in any zone, except those permitted in division (B) of this section.
   (B)   Permitted uses. The following uses of trailers of the type used as house trailers shall be permitted:
      (1)   Unless otherwise prohibited in this chapter;
      (2)   When in transit through the town, campers may be parked on property within the town with the permission of the owner of such property or the lessee or tenant thereof, provided that such vehicle, camper or self-contained unit is not used during such period for living or sleeping purposes;
      (3)   The owner of a residence, or tenant with owner's permission, in the town shall be permitted to park a travel trailer belonging to him, provided it does not encroach on the front yard setback and shall not be located on the side street setback of a corner lot on which his residence is located, while the occupant is occupying the residence, provided that:
         (a)   The trailer is the registered property of the owner or tenant of the residence;
         (b)   Permission shall be limited to one trailer per residence;
         (c)   The trailer shall not be over 31 feet in length;
         (d)   Such trailer is not to be used for living or sleeping purposes while parked on the owner's or tenant's premises.
      (4)   At the time construction commences in a commercial zone, storage trailers may be permitted. All trailers must be removed before occupancy of structures. Required setbacks shall not be less than ten feet from property lines.
      (5)   At the time construction commences in a commercial zone, one trailer may be located on property to be used as an office. Trailer must be removed before occupancy of structures. Required setbacks shall not be less than ten feet from property lines.
      (6)   At the time construction commences in the Ocean Impact Residential Zone or in the Commercial Zone, one real estate sales information trailer may be located on the project property subject to the following conditions:
         (a)   The trailer must be removed before the occupancy of the principal structure;
         (b)   The real estate sales information trailer site must be separated from the construction site by a six-foot tall fence. The trailer shall be set back an additional 20 feet from the fence;
         (c)   Vehicular ingress and egress access to the real estate sales information trailer site must not conflict with the construction vehicular access;
         (d)   There shall be a minimum of five parking spaces including one handicapped space;
         (e)   Parking areas and drive aisles shall meet the dimensional requirements location in § 153.076(A)(1) and (A)(5). Surface material of the parking area and drive isle shall be specified;
         (f)   The real estate sales information trailer shall meet all applicable North Carolina Building Code regulations;
         (g)   Required setbacks of the real estate sales information trailer shall not be less than ten feet from all property lines;
         (h)   Site plans shall be approved by the Dare County Health Department prior to issuance of a permit;
         (i)   The structure must comply with Chapter 151, Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance of this Code;
         (j)   A standard size, town-issued, roll-out refuse container shall be provided on-site;
         (k)   There shall be an administrative site plan review and approval of the real estate sales information trailer site to ensure compliance with all codes; and
         (l)   The temporary sales trailer shall be for the sole purpose of sales of real estate on the site at which the trailer is located.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 07-19, passed 11-14-07; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.082 EXCEPTIONS.

   (A)   Height. The height regulations of this chapter shall be subject to the following exceptions and regulations: chimneys, cupolas, cooling towers, elevators, bulkheads, scenery lots, monuments, domes, spires, parapet walls and necessary mechanical appurtenances may be erected to a height which may exceed the prescribed height limit subject to Planning Board approval. The additional heights may not be more than 15% of the prescribed building height limit.
   (B)   Area. The area regulations of this chapter shall be subject to the following exceptions and regulations:
      (1)   Every part of a required yard shall be open and unobstructed from its lowest level to the sky and no other portion of the structure shall project into the yard setbacks, except for ordinary projections as follows:
         (a)   Sills, belt courses, buttresses, deck rails, lattice, sheathing, siding and corner boards provided that none of these shall project into a minimum yard setback more than three inches;
         (b)   Chimney flues, ornamental features and eaves provided that none of these shall project into a minimum yard setback more than 24 inches.
         (c)   Mechanical equipment, including HVAC and LP Gas equipment, provided that none of the equipment or associated structures project into a minimum yard setback more than four feet.
         (d)   Stairs and handicap ramps may project into the front yard no more than 50% of the depth of the setback not to exceed ten feet. Stairs shall have no more than two landings not to exceed a maximum of four feet by eight feet each. Handicap ramp landing shall comply with the North Carolina Building Code.
         (e)   An outdoor waiting activity area and outdoor dining activity area may extend into street side and front yard setbacks up to 33% of the depth of the setback. Improvement to this area is limited to raked earth, gravel, mulch, lawn or other plantings.
      (2)   Accessory structures may be built subject to the following requirements:
         (a)   Accessory structures not exceeding six inches in height above finished grade shall be located in the side and/or rear yard and maintain a distance of not less than five feet from side, street side and rear lot lines;
         (b)   A single walkway not exceeding six inches in height above finished grade and no more than five feet in width may be located in the front yard of single family and duplex dwellings.
         (c)   Accessory structures that are greater than six inches in height above finished grade shall be located in the rear yard and maintain a distance of not less than eight feet from the primary structure to the accessory structure and maintain a distance of not less than five feet from side and rear lot lines. Street side yard shall comply with principal structure setbacks;
         (d)   In the Ocean Impact Residential Zone, elevated open decks as permitted by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management may be located seaward of the rear yard setback abutting the primary structure while maintaining a minimum of five feet from all property lines.
         (e)   In the Ocean Impact Residential Zone, lots with a rear yard abutting the Atlantic Ocean shall locate accessory structures seaward of the primary structure while maintaining a minimum of five feet from all property lines.
         (f)   Accessory structures to a commercial establishment that are greater than six inches in height above finished grade shall be limited to a total of three not exceeding a combined size of 20% of the gross floor area of the primary structure and maintain a distance of not less than five feet from rear or side property lines, not less than eight feet from the primary structure, not less than ten feet from any street right-of-way except US 158 and NC 12 where they shall comply with the principal building setbacks along US 158 and NC 12.
         (g)   Fences and vegetative landscaping shall be exempted from setbacks. Split rail or rope fencing not exceeding four feet in height shall be permitted on lots without a primary structure.
      (3)   Underground utilities may be run through the side yards required in this chapter and attachments of a pad may be made to the building and extended into the side yard not more than an area of six feet by six feet at the entrance of such underground utilities to the building. Such permissive use of the land shall be made only where underground utilities are installed and replace overhead poles and wires. Such pad is to be installed a minimum of one-third of the distance from the front or highway side of the building.
      (4)   Open or lattice-enclosed fire escapes, fireproof outside stairways and balconies opening upon fire towers projecting into a yard not more than five feet shall be permitted where so placed as not to obstruct light and ventilation.
   (C)   Lot coverage: rules for reconstruction of structures, projects or uses, resulting from damage by casualty.
      (1)   The lot coverage sections of this chapter are not intended to render nonconforming any use or structure in existence at the time of adoption. It is not intended to prohibit the repair or rebuilding of a structure or use solely upon the lot coverage requirements imposed where such reconstruction is necessary by damage from fire, flood, hurricane, acts of God and such damage that was not caused nor contributed to by the owner, occupant or user.
      (2)   The requirements of the lot coverage sections of this chapter shall not be applicable to a project begun through the planning and development process established by this chapter.
      (3)   The requirements of this section are applicable to lot coverage matters relating to repair and reconstruction.
      (4)   Reconstruction may occur by the issuance of a permit no later than two years from the date of such damage, subject, however, to the provisions of the chapter with respect to nuisances, uninhabitable buildings and the like. The coverage requirements shall not apply upon the applicant meeting the following conditions:
         (a)   A building permit for restoration is applied for and secured within two years from the date of the damage;
         (b)   Applicant shall furnish a "footprint" plat of the structure or project or use that shows adjoining property lines, streets or other topographical features from which the location of the structure, use or project may be physically identified upon the land. Photographs of the structure, project or use will be useful but cannot be the sole evidence of the damaged use, structure or project;
         (c)   Restoration and reconstruction shall be substantially in compliance with the original "footprint;"
         (d)   Applicant complies with guidelines established by the Board of Commissioners designed to minimize stormwater runoff for structure, use or projects similar in nature which may be constructed after the adoption of this chapter. (Such guidelines shall not, however, prohibit the quantity or quality of the destroyed structure or project;)
         (e)   Any change in the outside dimensions of the structure, or the enclosed area, must conform to the lot coverage ordinance adopted March 13, 1989.
   (D)   Lot coverage - driveways. Internal driveway connections between commercial establishments meeting all of the following requirements shall not be calculated as lot coverage:
      (1)   No more than 24 feet in width for each connection shall be exempt from lot coverage calculations.
      (2)   The connections shall be measured from the abutting property line to the end of the parking bay or 20 linear feet; whichever is less.
      (3)   The area exempt from lot coverage shall be clearly shown on a site plan.
      (4)   Driveway connections shall be open and clear of obstruction at all times.
      (5)   Internal driveway connections shall meet all other requirements of the Town Code.
   (E)   Lot coverage — town easements. Lot coverage created by the town within an easement granted to the town shall not be calculated as lot coverage on the property on which the easement is located.
(Ord. 91-08, passed 11-18-91; Am. Ord. 01-02, passed 2-28-01; Am. Ord. 03-10, passed 6-25-03; Am. Ord. 06-09, passed 5-24-06; Am. Ord. 07-14, passed 8-13-07; Am. Ord. 08-04, passed 1-14-08; Am. Ord. 08-13, passed 4-14-08; Am. Ord. 08-27, passed 9-24-08; Am. Ord. 09-06, passed 5-27-09; Am. Ord. 10-05, passed 5-26-10; Am. Ord. 12-18, passed 9-10-12; Am. Ord. 12-21, passed 11-14-12; Am. Ord. 13-4, passed 4-24-13; Am. Ord. 13-9, passed 6-10-13; Am. Ord. 13-12a, passed 9-9-13; Am. Ord. 13-16, passed 10-14-13; Am. Ord. 14-27, passed 2-9-15; Am. Ord. 18-4, passed 6-14-21)

§ 153.083 OUTDOOR STORAGE AND DISPLAY

   (A)   OUTDOOR STORAGE as defined in § 153.002 shall:
      (1)   Be located in the side or rear of the primary structure; and
      (2)   Be screened or located within an enclosure.
   (B)   OUTDOOR DISPLAY as defined in § 153.002 shall be allowed with the following conditions:
      (1)   Merchandise shall not be torn greater than two inches or frayed (threadbare, worn, tattered, unraveled, etc.) in excess of one inch, broken, damaged or not functioning in the manner it was designed;
      (2)   Merchandise shall be unpackaged;
      (3)   Maximum of ten of the same general items, i.e. umbrellas, chairs, bikes, boats, etc., shall be allowed per business;
      (4)   Merchandise shall not be located within required parking areas; and
      (5)   Display shall be within property lines.
   (C)   Exceptions for outdoor display. The following types of merchandise/business shall be exempt from divisions (B)(1) - (3) of the above regulations:
      (1)   Lumber yards;
      (2)   Garden centers (for plant materials and associated materials);
      (3)   Automobile sales, automobile rentals and automobile repairs businesses.
(Ord. 15-6, passed 9-21-15; Am. Ord. 18-14, passed 6-14-21)