A. Purpose: The purpose and intent of the Long Beach City Council in enacting the provisions of this section is to protect the public health, safety and welfare, to protect property values and minimize visual impacts while furthering the development of enhanced telecommunication services in Long Beach. These standards were designed to comply with the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The provisions of this section are not intended to and shall not be interpreted to prohibit or have the effect of prohibiting wireless communication facilities (WCF). This section shall not be applied in such a manner as to unreasonably discriminate between providers of functionally equivalent wireless communication facilities.
B. Exemptions: The following uses and wireless communication facilities (WCF) are exempt from the provisions of this section and shall be permitted in all zones:
1. WCF operated or maintained by local, County, State or Federal agencies for purposes of official government communications;
2. WCF located on Federal, State or tribal lands;
3. Temporary WCF during an emergency declared by the city;
4. Licensed amateur (ham) radio antennas;
5. Satellite dish antennas less than two meters (2 m) in diameter when located in nonresidential zones, and satellite dish antennas less than one meter (1 m) in diameter when located in residential zones, including direct to home satellite services, when used as an accessory use of the property;
6. WCF that legally existed on or prior to the effective date of this section, except that this exemption does not apply to modifications of such facilities;
7. Routine maintenance or repair of a WCF and related equipment (excluding structural work or changes in height or dimensions of antennas, support structures or buildings); provided, that compliance with the standards of this section are maintained;
8. Individual wireless broadband receivers for the purpose of providing wireless access to the internet through a wireless internet service provider.
C. Wireless Communication Facility Permitted Locations: Wireless communication facilities (WCF) shall be allowed in the L1 light industrial, C1 commercial, C2 commercial retail warehouse, OT old town, RC residential commercial and P public zone districts, subject to issuance of a conditional use permit pursuant to section
11-2D-2 of this code and the criteria and standards contained herein.
1. In considering applications for WCF, preference shall be given in the following order:
a. Collocation of antennas on an existing structure in the L1 light industrial zone district.
b. Attachment of antennas to a new or existing structure in the L1 light industrial zone district.
c. Attachment to existing or replacement light standards, electrical transmission towers, water tanks or existing utility poles in the L1 light industrial zone district.
d. Attachment of antennas to an existing building in the C1 commercial, C2 commercial retail warehouse, RC residential commercial or P public zone district that do not exceed the building height requirement of the district or are located within architectural features that meet the requirements of section
12-11-3, "Projections From Buildings", of this chapter.
e. Installation of antennas in the OT old town zone district that are concealed from view from abutting streets and adjacent properties by an existing structure (such as a roof parapet) or within an architectural feature (such as a cupola) and that do not exceed the building height requirement of the zone district or are located within architectural features that meet the requirements of section
12-11-3, "Projections From Buildings", of this chapter.
2. An applicant shall demonstrate that due to valid considerations, including physical constraints or technological feasibility, the proposed facility cannot be located in a preferred location. In the C1, C2, OT, RC and P zone districts, the applicant must additionally demonstrate that the WCF is necessary to fill an existing significant gap in the ability of remote users to access the communication service (not merely a particular provider's service), that there is no alternative site in the L1 zone district, and that the manner in which it proposes to fill the gap complies in all other respects with this section. The information submitted by the applicant shall include a map of the area to be served by the facility, field strength test data (a drive test) of existing coverage quality within the area to be served by the facility, its relationship to other sites in the applicant's network (within and outside of city limits), and an evaluation of existing available land, buildings and structures within one-fourth (1/4) mile of the proposed site.
3. In no case shall a WCF be located on a property on which there is an existing residential use.
D. Collocation: To minimize potential adverse visual impacts associated with the proliferation of wireless communication facilities (WCF) and wireless communication towers and support structures such as lattice towers and monopoles, collocation of WCF antennas on existing or new support structures is encouraged, as follows:
1. Collocation shall be accomplished in a manner consistent with the provisions of this subsection.
2. This subsection applies to both new and existing WCF. The terms and conditions for collocating latecomer providers on collocatable WCF facilities shall be reasonable and based on current market rates for comparable facilities. Imposition of unreasonable or higher than market rate terms and conditions by the host provider shall be considered failure to cooperate in good faith to accommodate collocation with competitors and shall be subject to the provisions of subsection D6 of this section.
3. The city may deny an application to construct a new support structure if the applicant has not shown by substantial evidence that it has made an effort to mount the proposed antennas on an existing building or support structure that would provide adequate service to the proposed coverage area. The applicant shall use the following collocation protocol:
a. Prior to or with an application for approval of a WCF, the applicant shall demonstrate that the following notice was mailed via certified mail to all other WCF providers licensed to provide service within the city:
Pursuant to the requirements of City of Long Beach Municipal Code Section 12-10-17(D), (name of wireless provider) is hereby providing you with notice of our intent to submit an application with the City of Long Beach for construction of a new freestanding personal wireless service facility that would be located at (location). In general, we plan to construct a (lattice tower, monopole, etc.) of feet in height for the purpose of providing (cellular, PCS, ESMR, etc.) service in the frequency range. Please inform us whether you have any existing or planned personal wireless service facilities within one mile of the proposed facility that may be available for possible co-location. If you do not have a facility available for co-location, please indicate whether you would be interested in collocating on our proposed facility. Please provide us with this information within ten (10) business days after the date of this letter. Your cooperation is appreciated.
b. Copies of any responses to the collocation request letter shall be provided to the city with the WCF application. If a response to a collocation request letter is received by an applicant indicating an opportunity for collocation, the applicant shall make a good faith effort to analyze the feasibility of collocation. This analysis shall be submitted with an application for any WCF support structure and shall include, at a minimum:
(1) A statement from a qualified engineer indicating whether the necessary service can or cannot be provided by collocation at the possible collocation site, and the basis for that determination; and
(2) Evidence that the lessor of the possible collocation site either agrees or disagrees to collocation on his/her property; and
(3) Evidence that adequate space exists or does not exist at the possible collocation site to accommodate needed equipment and meet the applicable requirements of this code; and
(4) Evidence that adequate access does or does not exist at the possible collocation site.
4. To reduce the number of future support structures needed in the city, new support structures shall be designed to accommodate antennas for more than one user, unless the applicant demonstrates why such design is not feasible for economic, technical or physical reasons.
5. Unless collocation is not feasible, an applicant's site plan shall reserve an area for at least one other provider's equipment near the base of the applicant's wireless communication tower or support structure. An option agreement to lease the area at the base of the facility for a second provider shall not expire prior to the underlying lease.
6. Personal wireless service providers, their lessees and agents shall cooperate in good faith to accommodate collocation with competitors, including responding in a timely manner to a collocation letter required by subsection D3 of this section. If a dispute arises about the feasibility of collocating, the director may require a third party technical study, pursuant to subsection H of this section, to resolve the dispute. Costs associated with this study shall be borne by the applicant. Failure to accommodate collocation may be grounds for revocation of permit and removal of the WCF under public nuisance abatement procedures.
1. Impact On Neighborhood: The location and design of wireless communication facility (WCF) sites shall consider the visual and physical impacts of the facility on the surrounding neighborhood.
2. Architectural Compatibility: WCF shall be architecturally compatible with the surrounding buildings and land uses and screened or otherwise integrated, through location and design, to blend in with the existing characteristics of the site and its surroundings.
3. Collocation: As provided in subsection D4 of this section, new support structures shall be designed to accommodate collocation, unless the applicant demonstrates why such design is not feasible for economic, technical or physical reasons.
4. Support Structures And Antennas: Support structures such as monopoles and lattice towers, and antennas mounted on utility poles, shall only be allowed in the L1 light industrial zone district. Panel and whip antennas mounted on buildings shall be allowed in the OT, RC, P, C1, C2 and L1 zone districts.
5. Setbacks: The setback requirements in this subsection are not subject to a variance.
a. All support structures, such as lattice towers and monopoles, and all aboveground equipment enclosures shall be set back at least ten feet (10') from property lines. This setback shall be measured from the closest point of the antenna, support structure or equipment enclosure to the property lines on the lot on which it is located. Additionally, setbacks to adjacent properties on which an existing residence is located shall be equal to at least the height of the tower unless otherwise authorized by the hearings examiner.
b. Antennas installed on building rooftops shall be set back from the edge of the roof at least one foot (1') for each foot of antenna height as measured from the top of the roof (or parapet, if one exists) to the highest point of the antenna.
c. Antennas installed on building facades shall be set back at least ten feet (10') from all street facades.
6. Height: The height limits in this subsection are not subject to a variance.
a. The height of the WCF shall be no more than that required to function satisfactorily.
b. Antennas and support structures shall not exceed one hundred twenty feet (120') in height in the L1 zone district.
c. Antennas located in the C1, C2, OT, RC and P zone districts shall not exceed the maximum height permitted by the underlying zone district, except when entirely enclosed within architectural features that meet the requirements of section
12-11-3, "Projections From Buildings", of this chapter.
a. All WCF shall be designed and located on a site to take maximum advantage of existing trees, mature vegetation, structures and/or topography to screen as much of the facility as possible from view, and so that the facility blends into the background.
b. The visual impacts of support structures and ground mounted equipment enclosures shall be mitigated through installation of a five foot (5') wide landscape strip around the perimeter of the structure, equipment enclosure and the outside of the security fence (if any). A decorative solid wood fence, six feet (6') in height and not topped by barbed wire, may be permitted in lieu of the landscape strip. The hearings examiner may waive or modify this requirement for those sides of the facility that are not visible from streets or adjacent property, or when equipment is located within a fully enclosed building that meets the design requirements of the underlying zone.
c. Landscaping shall be properly maintained and kept in good condition at all times, pursuant to section
12-13-11 of this title.
d. Equipment enclosures shall have a finish and appearance similar to the exterior building walls.
e. In the OT zone district, WCF shall be concealed from public view by architectural features or parapets.
8. Antennas: The requirements in this subsection are not subject to a variance.
a. Antennas mounted on buildings shall be architecturally compatible with the building and wall on which it is mounted, and shall be designed and located so as to minimize any adverse aesthetic impact. Antennas shall be allowed where concealed entirely within those structures listed in section
12-11-3, "Projections From Buildings", of this chapter. Panel antennas shall not be mounted on a facade facing a street. A wall mounted antenna shall be as flush to the wall as technically possible and shall not project above the wall on which it is mounted. Antennas and any visible mounting brackets and cables shall be constructed, painted, or fully screened to match as closely as possible the color and texture of the building and wall on which it is mounted, or otherwise blend into its background.
b. Antennas mounted on other structures shall be integrated into the design of the structure to which they are attached. Antenna platforms are prohibited. External projections from the structure shall be limited to the smallest projection technically feasible.
9. Locating On Utility Poles: The requirements in this subsection are not subject to a variance. WCF located on utility poles shall only be permitted in the L1 light industrial zone district and shall conform to the following design criteria:
a. The utility pole at the proposed location may be replaced with a taller pole for the purpose of accommodating a WCF, except as prohibited in subsections E9c and E9d of this section; and provided, that the new pole shall not exceed a height that is a maximum of fifteen feet (15') taller than the existing pole;
b. Panel antennas shall not project out from the surface of the utility pole by more than twelve inches (12"), shall not exceed six feet (6') in height, and shall be placed such that the top of the panel antenna does not extend above the height of the utility pole;
c. A cylindrical antenna may be mounted as an extension on top of an existing utility pole, but the existing pole shall not be replaced with a taller pole for the purpose of accommodating the cylindrical antenna. A cylindrical antenna mounted on top of a utility pole shall not exceed eighteen inches (18") in diameter and eight feet (8') in height;
d. A whip antenna may be mounted as an extension on top of an existing utility pole, but the existing pole shall not be replaced with a taller pole for the purpose of accommodating the whip antenna. A whip antenna mounted on top of a utility pole shall not exceed fifteen feet (15') in height;
e. All WCF, including, but not limited to, antennas, equipment, cables and conduit that are mounted on utility poles, shall be painted to match the pole;
f. The visual effect of the WCF on all other aspects of the appearance of the utility pole shall be minimized to the greatest extent possible;
g. The use of the utility pole for the siting of a WCF shall be considered secondary to the primary function of the utility pole. If the primary function of a utility pole serving as the host site for a WCF becomes unnecessary and any regulation requires its removal, the utility pole shall not be retained for the sole purpose of accommodating the WCF and the WCF and all associated equipment shall be removed immediately;
h. In all cases where a utility pole is replaced for the purpose of accommodating a WCF installation, the cables and other wiring necessary for the WCF shall be routed inside the new pole. If routing inside the pole is not allowed by the utility and that determination is confirmed in writing by the utility, then all cable, wiring and conduit routed outside the pole shall be painted to match the pole; and
i. There is no collocation requirement for WCF located on utility poles and there shall be no more than one WCF located on any one utility pole. WCF located on utility poles shall be located no closer than one thousand feet (1,000') from any other WCF located on a utility pole.
10. Color: WCF shall have colors generally matching the surroundings or background that minimizes their visibility. In the event that the FCC or FAA requires special marking, the city may require the applicant to request dual mode lighting as an alternative to the marking requirement.
11. Lights, Signals And Signs: No lights, signals, signs, banners or similar devices shall be permitted on support structures or antennas, except for those required by law.
12. Noise: WCF shall comply with applicable state and local noise regulations.
a. All generators shall be enclosed.
b. Testing of equipment and maintenance activities shall occur on weekdays between the hours of eight thirty o'clock (8:30) A.M. and four thirty o'clock (4:30) P.M. This restriction shall not apply to emergency situations or to an impending failure of the communication system.
13. Safety: The design of wireless communication towers shall include "anticlimbing" features to reduce the potential for trespass and injury.
14. Federal Requirements: WCF providers and lessees shall assure that its facility complies at all times with current federal standards. Failure to maintain WCF in compliance with current federal standards and regulations shall constitute a nuisance.
1. Prior to issuance of any building or construction permits for a wireless communication facility (WCF), the property owner shall sign an affidavit agreeing to remove the WCF at his or her expense pursuant to this subsection. The form of the affidavit shall be approved by the city attorney.
2. In the event the use of any support structure or antenna will be discontinued for a period of sixty (60) consecutive days, the owner or operator shall so notify the city in writing, and the support structure or antenna shall thereafter be deemed to be abandoned. Determination of the date of abandonment shall be made by the city which shall have the right to request documentation and affidavits from the support structure or antenna owner or operator regarding the issue of support structure or antenna usage. Upon such abandonment, the owner or operator of the support structure or antenna or the owner of the property upon which such facility is located shall have an additional sixty (60) days within which to:
a. Reactivate the use of the support structure or antenna or transfer the support structure or antenna to another owner or operator who makes actual use of the support structure or antenna; or
b. Dismantle and remove the support structure or antenna. If such support structure or antenna is not removed within said sixty (60) days from the date of abandonment, the city may remove such support structure or antenna at the facility owner's and property owner's expense. If there are two (2) or more users of a single support structure, then this provision shall not become effective until all users cease using the support structure. At the earlier of sixty (60) days from the date of abandonment without reactivation or upon completion of dismantling and removal, city approval for the support structure and/or antenna shall automatically expire.
G. Application Requirements:
1. All wireless communication facilities (WCF) shall obtain a conditional use permit, pursuant to the requirements of section
11-2D-2 of this code. WCF located in the OT, RC, P, C1 and C2 zone districts shall also be subject to design review, pursuant to chapter 10 of this title. All applications to locate a WCF shall include the following information:
a. A scaled site plan clearly indicating the location, type and height of the proposed support structure, antennas, on site land uses and zoning, adjacent land uses and zoning, adjacent streets, proposed means of access, and setbacks from property lines and residential zones.
b. Scaled elevation drawings of the proposed support structure and equipment enclosure.
c. Photo simulations of the proposed facility from public rights of way, public properties and affected residentially zoned properties.
d. Approximate distance between the proposed antennas and the nearest residentially zoned property.
e. A landscape plan showing size, type, and location of specific landscape, screening and fencing materials.
f. Manufacturer's information indicating compliance with adopted noise standards.
g. The city may require submittal of propagation maps showing that the proposed WCF is required for network coverage in order to satisfy the requirements of the provider's grid system. The maps shall also demonstrate that the requested height is the minimum height necessary for the support structure and antennas, as applicable. The maps shall show the neighboring or regional facilities with which the facilities in the city can communicate. The city may require additional propagation maps showing coverage areas at lower heights.
H. Third Party Review: In certain instances there may be a need for expert review by a third party of the technical data submitted by the wireless communication facility (WCF) applicant. The city may require such a technical review, to be paid for by the WCF applicant. The selection of the third party expert may be by mutual agreement between the applicant and the city, or at the sole discretion of the city, such mutual agreement not to be unreasonably withheld by either party. The third party expert shall have recognized training and qualifications in the field of radio frequency engineering or structural engineering, as appropriate. The expert review is intended to be a site specific review of technical aspects of the wireless communication facilities, facilities and other matters as described herein, and not a subjective review of the site selection. In particular, but without limitation, the expert shall be entitled to provide a recommendation on the height of the proposed facilities relative to the applicant's coverage objectives and system design parameters, or the structural requirements for accommodating collocation. Such a review should address the accuracy and completeness of the technical data, whether the analysis techniques and methodologies are legitimate, the validity of the conclusions and any specific technical issues outlined by the city or other interested parties. Based on the results of the third party review, the city may require changes to the application for the WCF that comply with the recommendations of the expert.
I. Other Wireless Communication Facilities: All of the provisions of this section, which address wireless communication facilities and personal wireless service facilities, shall also be deemed to cover other wireless communications facilities (and, in particular, but without limitation, television and AM/FM radio towers) to the maximum extent allowed by law.
J. Conflict: To the extent that any provisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with any other provision of the zoning code, comprehensive plan or any ordinance or regulation of the city, the provisions of this section shall be deemed to control. (Ord. 849, 8-17-2009)