(a) Whereas, the Council has received substantial evidence concerning the association of adverse secondary effects with sexually oriented businesses in the cases of City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986), Young v. American Mini Theatres, 426 U.S. 50 (1976), and Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 (1991), and in studies in other communities including but not necessarily limited to: Adams County, Colorado, “Adams County Nude Entertainment Study (1991 update); Austin, Texas, “Report on Adult Oriented Businesses in Austin” (1986); Centralia, Washington, “Crime Risk in the Vicinity of a Sexually Oriented Business: A Report to the Centralia City Attorney’s Office – Revised” (2004); Chattanooga, Tennessee, “Community Protections Committee’s Final Report on Vice in Hamilton County with Recommendations” (1997); Garden Grove, California, “Final Report to the City of Garden Grove: The Relationship Between Crime and Adult Business Operations on Garden Grove Boulevard” (1991); Cleveland, Ohio, Special Investigative Unit Report (1977); Dallas, Texas, “An Analysis of the Effects of SOBs on the Surrounding Neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas” (1997); Des Moines, Washington, “Des Moines Adult Use Study” (1984); El Paso, Texas, “Effects of Adult Entertainment Businesses on Residential Neighborhoods” (1986); Ellicottville, New York, “Adult Business Study” (1998); Fort Worth, Texas, “Survey of Appraisers Fort Worth & Dallas Effects of Land Uses on Surrounding Property Values” (2004); Indianapolis, Indiana, “Adult Entertainment Businesses in Indianapolis” (1984); Los Angeles, California, “Study of the Effects of the Concentration of Adult Entertainment Establishments in the City of Los Angeles” (1977); Minneapolis, Minnesota, “An Analysis of the Relationship Between Adult Entertainment Establishments, Crime, and Housing Values” (1980); State of Minnesota, “Report of the Attorney General’s Working Group on the Regulation of Sexually Oriented Businesses” (1989); Newport News, Virginia, “Adult Use Study” (1996); New York City, New York, “Adult Entertainment Study” (1994), “Report on the Secondary Effects of the Concentration of Adult Use Establishments in the Times Square Area” (1994); Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, “Adult Entertainment Businesses in Oklahoma City: A Survey of Real Estate Appraisers” (1986); Phoenix, Arizona, “Adult Business Study” (1979); Seattle, Washington, “Adult Cabarets in Seattle” (2006); the legislative record and findings of the General Assembly related to House Bill 23; and based upon Council’s independent review of same finds: