Editor's note— Ord. No. 2021-3, § 5, adopted Oct. 20, 2020, repealed § 122-981 entitled "Parking exempt and benefit zones," which derived from: Code 1961, § 22-12(9); Code 1985, § 7-921; Ord. No. 2637, § 1, adopted Aug. 6, 1996; Ord. No. 2011-40, § 1, adopted Dec. 7, 2010; and Ord. No. 2016-29, § 1, adopted Mar. 15, 2016.

(a)

Required. On the same plot with every structure or use hereafter erected or created, there shall be provided and maintained adequate space for loading and unloading of materials, goods or things, and for delivery and shipping, so that vehicles for these services may use this space without encroaching on or interfering with the public use of streets and alleys by pedestrians and vehicles. Where any structure is enlarged or any use is extended so that the size of the resulting occupancy comes within the scope of this section, the full amount of off-street loading space shall be supplied and maintained for the structure or use in its extended or enlarged size.

(b)

Size of spaces; access to spaces. For the purpose of this section, an off-street loading space shall be an area at grade level at least 12 feet wide by 45 feet long with 12-foot vertical clearance. Each off-street loading space shall be directly accessible from a street or alley without crossing or entering any other required off-street loading or off-street parking space. Such loading space shall be accessible from the interior of the building to be served.

(c)

Required number of spaces. Off-street loading spaces shall be provided as follows:

(1)

For all business uses, all industrial uses, and all warehouse uses:

(2)

For each auditorium, convention hall, exhibition hall, museum, hotel, office building, apartment house, sports arena, stadium, hospital, sanitarium, welfare institution or similar use with aggregate gross floor area of:

a.

Over 10,000 square feet but not over 40,000 square feet, one space.

b.

For each additional 60,000 square feet or major fraction thereof, one space.

(d)

Use restrictions; joint facilities. Off-street loading facilities supplied to meet the needs of one use shall not be considered as meeting the needs of any other use, nor shall off-street parking facilities required by this article be used to meet the off-street loading requirements of this section. Nothing in this section shall prevent the collective or joint provision of off-street loading facilities for two or more uses or buildings, provided the total requirements of this section are fulfilled. Off-street loading spaces shall be plainly marked on plans submitted with the application for permit, and shall be maintained at all times as an off-street loading space.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(8); Code 1985, § 7-922; Ord. No. 2753, § 20, 8-19-97)

(a)

All commercial facilities that include drive-in or drive-through services as either a principal or accessory use shall provide motor vehicle storage areas according to the following minimums:

(1)

Financial institutions: Five motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

(2)

Restaurants:

a.

Restaurants and fast food restaurants: Five motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

b.

Drive-in or drive-through restaurants: Eight motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

(3)

Public and franchise utility business offices: Eight motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

(4)

Full service carwashes and automotive services (except gasoline sales): Eight motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

(5)

Grocery store, drugstore, package goods, dry cleaners, gasoline sales: Three motor vehicle storage spaces for each service lane.

Motor vehicle storage spaces for all other uses not specifically mentioned shall be determined on an individual basis during the site plan review process.

(b)

The minimum size of each motor vehicle storage space within a motor vehicle storage area is 9½ feet by 21 feet.

(c)

The number of required motor vehicle storage spaces may include the ones for customers being served.

(d)

Storage areas and service lanes may not interfere with other motor vehicle traffic circulation on or off the site. The storage areas and service lanes may not interfere with ingress and egress to parking areas, loading areas, driveways or public rights-of-way.

(e)

Storage areas and service lanes must be clearly marked with striping, directional arrows and directional signs.

(f)

No portion of a storage area or service lane may be within a street widening setback.

(g)

Motor vehicle storage areas and service lanes for drive-in or drive-through facilities must be screened from all bordering public streets with a landscape screen as specified in subsection 122-260(c)(2).

(h)

Drive-in or drive-through service facilities with a reverse traffic pattern must have a visual screen consisting of a berm landscaped with hedge plants so that the headlights from motor vehicles in storage areas or service lanes will not shine into the eyes of motor vehicle drivers on public streets.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(10); Code 1985, § 7-923; Ord. No. 2401, § 4, 9-7-93)

Every building, use or structure instituted or erected after the effective date of the ordinance from which this chapter is derived (July 20, 1965) shall be provided with off-street parking facilities in accordance with the provisions of this division for the use of occupants, employees, visitors or patrons. Such off-street parking facilities shall be maintained and continued as an accessory use as long as the main use is continued. It shall be unlawful for an owner or operator of any building, structure or use affected by this section to discontinue, change or dispense with, or to cause the discontinuance or reduction of, the required parking facilities apart from the discontinuance, sale or transfer of such structure or use, without establishing alternative vehicle parking facilities which meet the requirements of this division. It shall be unlawful for any person to utilize such building, structure or use without providing the off-street parking facilities to meet the requirements of and be in compliance with this division. For exempt or reduced parking requirements in the Form Based Code area, see section 122-963.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(1); Code 1985, § 7-936; Ord. No. 2021-3, § 6, 10-20-20)

The off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same plot or parcel of land they are intended to serve; provided, however, when practical difficulties prevent the establishment of such facilities on the same plot, the required off-street parking facilities may be provided on land within 300 feet of the plot, after application for a public hearing and subject to approval by the planning and zoning commission, except that the parking facilities shall not be located across an arterial street as designated by the thoroughfare plan.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(a); Code 1985, § 7-937)

(a)

For purposes of rough computation, an off-street parking space and necessary access and maneuvering room may be estimated at 325 square feet. However, the minimum portion required for the actual parking stall of an automobile shall be 9.5 feet in width by 19 feet in length, and the minimum stall depth (measured at right angles from the access aisle), access aisles and driveways are set forth in the following schedule:

Upon review by other city departments, the planning director may reduce the width of parking stalls for surface lots and on-street spaces in the central core/high intensity land use and the medium intensity/special district land use classifications from a width of 9.5 feet to 9 feet and the length from 19 feet to 17 feet (notwithstanding the footnote below concerning wheel stops). The decision to reduce the size of a parking stall shall be based on the following: location, layout, access aisles, type of parking, amount of parking being provided and the use.

^* Where approved wheel stops are provided at the end of a stall the paved area of the stall may be reduced two feet. The area two feet beyond the wheel stop shall be left clear from a point six inches above the grade of the back of the stall, for vehicle overhang. Vehicles shall not be allowed to overhang property lines.

† Driveways with one side loaded with parking, and the opposite side free of any vertical obstruction for a distance of no less than four feet, may be 20 feet wide.

(b)

Pedestrian and vehicular traffic shall be separated as much as possible, and conflicts shall be kept to a minimum.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(b); Ord. No. 1603, § 3, 10-4-83; Code 1985, § 7-938; Ord. No. 2275, § 47, 5-5-92; Ord. No. 5557, § 1, 8-15-06; Ord. No. 2014-3, § 1, 10-15-13; Ord. No. 2021-3, § 7, 10-20-20)

(a)

All off-street parking areas shall be screened from the bordering streets with a minimum of five feet of landscaped buffer strip between the parking area and the bordering street, excluding sidewalks, driveways or necessary appurtenances. This five-foot strip shall have a minimum three-foot-high continuous hedge or acceptable alternative as approved by the planning director.

(b)

All parking areas and other paved ground surface areas used for vehicular parking and access shall have interior landscaping to provide visual and climatic relief from broad expanses of pavement and to channelize and define logical areas for pedestrian and vehicular circulation.

(c)

Interior landscaping shall account for a minimum of ten percent of parking areas, except for the situations described in subsection 122-923(m)(2).

(d)

Other paved ground surface areas shall have one square foot of interior landscaping for each 50 square feet of pavement in all areas exceeding 5,000 square feet.

(e)

Each separate interior landscaped area shall contain at least one shade tree. Each shade tree will be planted in a landscaped/open space area that will be no smaller than 360 square feet, with a minimum width of six feet as measured from back of curb to back of curb.

(f)

All interior landscaping shall be protected from vehicular encroachment by curbing or wheel stops. Landscaping dividing strips, with or without walkways, shall be used to subdivide parking areas into parking bays with not more than 40 spaces. No more than ten of these spaces shall be in an uninterrupted row.

(g)

If the site contains both parking areas and other paved ground surface areas, the two areas may be separated to determine the interior landscaping requirement by multiplying the total number of parking spaces by 200 and subtracting the result from the total square footage of the paved ground surface area.

(Code 1985, § 7-938.1; Ord. No. 2275, § 48, 5-5-92; Ord. No. 2751, § 40, 8-19-97)

Each off-street parking space shall be directly accessible from an aisle, driveway or alley, and each space shall be accessible without driving over or through any other off-street parking space. Off-street parking spaces shall be so arranged that no automobile shall have to back into a city street, except for one- and two-family dwellings in residential zones.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(c); Code 1985, § 7-939)

The required off-street parking facilities shall be identified as to purpose and as to location when not clearly distinguished from a street or alley. Where off-street parking is required for employees, such parking shall be clearly marked by signs and shall be restricted to that use. Each space shall be clearly marked, and all markings shall be maintained legibly, as determined by the building official or city engineer.

(Code 1961, § 21-12(2)(d); Code 1985, § 7-940)

(a)

All off-street parking facilities, including access aisles and driveways, shall be surfaced with a minimum of one-inch asphalt on six inches of limerock on a stable subgrade, and maintained in good condition. Other types of pavement materials may be substituted upon approval by the city engineer provided the construction meets the minimum standards set forth in this section.

(b)

A ten-foot by ten-foot by six-inch reinforced concrete pad shall be provided for a trash container, when required, together with a ten-foot by five-foot by six-inch reinforced concrete approach pad.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(e); Code 1985, § 7-941)

Drainage from all off-street parking facilities shall be retained on-site unless adequate drainage facilities exist as determined by the city engineer, and in any case shall not cause any nuisance to adjacent or public property, and any lighting thereon shall be so arranged and designed as to prevent any glare or excessive light on adjacent property. Such facilities shall be arranged for convenient access and safety of pedestrians and vehicles.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(f); Code 1985, § 7-942)

A plan shall be submitted with every application for a building permit for a parking lot or for any use or structure required to provide off-street parking. Such plan shall clearly and accurately designate the parking spaces, access aisles and driveways, and the relationship of the uses or structures that the off-street parking facilities are intended to serve.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(2)(g); Code 1985, § 7-943)

(a)

Requirements for specific uses. Off-street parking required by this article shall be provided and maintained on the basis of the following minimum requirements:

(1)

Single-family dwellings: One parking space.

(2)

Two-family and multiple-family dwellings: 1½ parking spaces for each dwelling unit.

(3)

Rooming/boarding house: One parking space for each three beds plus one parking space for each two employees. Community residential home: One parking space per four unrelated residents, plus one space per owner or resident operator.

(4)

Dormitories or fraternities: Two parking spaces for each three beds, plus one parking space for the manager or operator, plus one parking space for each two employees.

(5)

Hotels, including clubs: Two parking spaces for each three sleeping rooms, or two parking spaces for each three bedrooms, whichever may be the greater, plus one parking space for each three employees. If, in addition to sleeping rooms, there are other uses operated in conjunction with and/or as part of the hotel, additional off-street parking spaces shall be provided for such other uses as would be required by this section if such uses were separate from the hotel.

(6)

Motels or recreational vehicle parks: One parking space for each guestroom, cabin rental unit, or each recreational vehicle site plus one parking space for the owner or manager. If, in addition to sleeping rooms or recreational vehicles sites, there are other uses operated in conjunction with and/or as part of the motel or recreational vehicle park, additional off-street parking spaces shall be provided for such other uses as would be required by this section if such uses were separate from the motel or recreational vehicle park.

(7)

Trailer courts, camps or mobile home parks: One parking space for each trailer or mobile home lot, plus one (1) parking space for each two lots, plus one parking space for the owner or manager.

(8)

Hospitals: One parking space for each two beds for patients, plus one parking space for each two paid employees.

(9)

Assisted living facilities and transitional recovery facilities: One parking space for each three beds, in addition to one parking space for each two employees (see special exception requirements in subsection 122-1198(a) for an assisted living facility in the R-2 district).

(10)

Theaters and other places of assembly having fixed seats: One parking space for each three seats.

(11)

Places of public assembly, including assembly halls (except those included under subsection (a)(10) of this section, theaters and other places of public assembly having fixed seats), exhibition halls, convention halls, dancehalls, skating rinks, sports arenas, community centers, libraries and museums: One parking space for each three seats, or one parking space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area occupied by guests, customers, members or other occupants, whichever may be greater.

(12)

Churches/places of worship: One parking space for each five seats in auditorium or chapel area, not including classrooms.

(13)

Stadiums, racetracks, fairgrounds, circus grounds: One parking space for each three seats.

(14)

Bowling centers: Four parking spaces for each lane.

(15)

Funeral homes and crematoriums: One parking space for each four seats in public rooms.

(16)

Medical and dental offices: One parking space for each 300 square feet of gross floor area and one parking space for each employee.

(17)

Business, professional and governmental offices: one parking space for each 300 square feet of floor area.

(18)

Restaurants (excluding fast-food), bars, clubs and nightclubs: One parking space for each three seats in the rooms for customer service, plus one space for each two employees.

(19)

Elementary schools and middle schools: One parking space for each classroom, one space for each administrative employee, plus one-half of the additional parking spaces for rooms used for public assembly as otherwise required by this section.

(20)

High schools: One parking space for each classroom, plus six spaces for every ten students. Parking for places of public assembly (i.e., auditoriums, stadiums, etc.) shall meet the requirements of subsection (a)(11) of this section.

(21)

Stores, shops and shopping centers:

a.

Retail stores, personal service shops, household repair or equipment shops, and interior decoration shops: One parking space for each 300 square feet of floor area.

b.

Shopping centers: retail stores, personal service shops, household repair or equipment shops, interior decoration shops, and other retail uses in a shopping center: One parking space for each 250 square feet of floor area.

c.

Single retail store developments: One parking space for each 250 square feet of floor area.

(22)

Manufacturing facilities, research and testing laboratories, printing and distribution facilities, and industrial dry cleaning plants:

a.

One space for each 750 square feet of gross floor area for the first 20,000 square feet devoted to manufacturing and related uses,

b.

One space for each 2,000 square feet for the second 20,000 square feet,

c.

One space for each 4,000 square feet for floor area in excess of 40,000 square feet, and

d.

Showroom sales and other retail uses that are part of any of these uses shall meet the requirements of retail uses outlined in subsection (a)(21), of this section.

(23)

Terminal facilities, including airports, railroad passenger and freight stations, bus depots and truck terminals, also commercial swimming pools and the like: One parking space for each two employees, plus off-street parking space in an amount to be determined by the planning and zoning commission to be adequate to serve employees and the public as customers, patrons and visitors.

(24)

Fast food restaurants and drive-in or drive-through restaurants: One parking space for every two employees, plus one parking space for each two seats. The number of seats will include both indoor and outdoor seating.

(25)

Airport hangars: Two parking spaces for each hangar, and one parking space for each two employees.

(26)

Airport "T" hangars: One parking space for each "T" hangar.

(27)

Miniature golf courses or driving ranges: One parking space for each hole or tee, and one space for every two employees.

(28)

Day care facilities: One parking space per five children, plus one space for each employee.

(29)

Arcades and billiard parlors: One parking space for each two video games, two spaces for every billiard table, and one space for every three seats, plus one space for each two employees.

(30)

Colleges, universities, and vocational and professional schools: One parking space per classroom, plus six spaces for every ten students. Parking for places of public assembly shall meet the requirements of subsection (a)(11) of this section.

(31)

Warehouses and storage buildings:

a.

One space for each 1,000 square feet of gross floor area for the first 20,000 square feet devoted to warehousing,

b.

One space for each 2,000 square feet for the second 20,000 square feet,

c.

One space for each 4,000 square feet for floor area in excess of 40,000 square feet, and

d.

Showroom sales and other retail uses that are part of any of these uses shall meet the requirements of retail uses outlined in subsection (a)(21), of this section.

(32)

Hotel with convention center: One parking space for every 200 square feet of floor area of the convention center, in addition to the spaces required in subsection (a)(5) of this section for the hotel.

(33)

Swimming pool sales, outdoor sales: One parking space for each 300 square feet of floor area in the sales or office building, plus one parking space for each 1,000 square feet of outdoor display area or outdoor display and sales area.

(b)

Uses not listed. The requirements for off-street parking for any uses not specifically mentioned in this section shall be the same as provided in this section for the use most similar to the one sought, it being the intent to require all uses to provide off-street parking.

(c)

Fractional units. When units or measurements determining the number of required off-street parking spaces result in a requirement of a fractional space, any such fraction equal to or greater than one-half shall require a full off-street parking space.

(d)

Mixed uses. In the case of mixed uses, the total requirements for off-street parking shall be the sum of the requirements of the various uses computed separately, and off-street parking space for one use shall not be considered as providing the required off-street parking for any other use.

(e)

Computation of floor area and seating. For the purposes of this article, floor area shall mean the gross floor area inside of the exterior walls. In hospitals, bassinets shall not count as beds. In stadiums, sport arenas, churches and other places of assembly in which occupants utilize benches, pews or other similar seating facilities, each 22 lineal inches of such seating facilities shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of computing off-street parking requirements.

(f)

Minimum requirement for each business. Irrespective of any other requirement of this article, each and every separate and individual store, office or other business shall be provided with at least one off-street parking space.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(3); Code 1985, § 7-944; Ord. No. 2275, §§ 49, 50, 5-5-92; Ord. No. 2401, § 5, 9-7-93; Ord. No. 2608, § 4, 6-11-96; Ord. No. 2730, §§ 10, 11, 6-3-97; Ord. No. 2751, § 41, 8-19-97; Ord. No. 5043, § 15, 4-9-02; Ord. No. 5406, § 43, 7-12-05; Ord. No. 5759, § 1, 12-18-07; Ord. No. 2021-50, § 8, 5-18-21)

Nothing in this division shall be construed to prevent collective provision for, or joint use of, off-street parking facilities for two or more buildings or uses by two or more owners or operators, provided that the total of such parking spaces shall not be less than the sum of the requirements of the several individual uses computed separately in accordance with this division.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(4); Code 1985, § 7-945)

In the case of a building occupied by a use which is not permitted as a new use in the district in which such building is located, where major repairs, substantial alterations or extensions of the uses are to be made, no such major repairs, substantial alterations or extensions of use shall be permitted unless and until the off-street parking requirements of this division, for a new use of the type involved, are applied to such existing use and are fully provided for.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(5); Code 1985, § 7-946)

No part of an off-street parking area required for any building or use by this division shall be included for another building or use unless the type of use indicates that the periods of usage will not overlap or be concurrent with each other, as determined by the planning and zoning commission.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(6); Code 1985, § 7-947)

Off-street parking facilities supplied by the owner or operator to meet the requirements of this division shall not be used during regular hours of business by commercial vehicles over 1½ tons owned, operated or used in the business of such owner or operator.

(Code 1961, § 22-12(7); Code 1985, § 7-948)

(a)

Location. Parking spaces for handicapped persons serving a specific use shall be located on the shortest accessible route to an accessible entrance. In multiuse parking facilities, the spaces shall be located on the shortest accessible route to the pedestrian entrance of the parking facility.

(b)

Amount required. Required spaces are as follows:

(Code 1985, § 7-949; Ord. No. 2275, § 51, 5-5-92; Ord. No. 2753, § 21, 8-19-97)

(a)

In the event that an applicant feels that the parking requirements of this article are inappropriate as applied to the applicant's property, the applicant may submit a parking study that addresses parking needs and demands, prepared by a professional engineer, architect or American Institute of Certified Planners-certified planner, that proposes alternate parking requirements based upon the unique characteristics of the applicant's property.

(b)

The parking study shall consider and discuss all relevant factors including, without limitation: type of use, surrounding available public/private off-street parking, shared parking opportunities between users, hours of operation of proposed and neighboring uses, surrounding on-street parking, loading needs and demands and parking trends for similar development size and use. Additionally, estimates of parking needs and demands shall be based on recommendations in studies such as those from the Urban Land Institute (ULI), the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE), or the Traffic Institute, or industry standards based on data collected from geographic areas and uses or combinations of uses which are the same or comparable to the proposed area and use.

(c)

The city council shall establish an application fee, by separate resolution, to reimburse the city for the expenses incurred in reviewing and resolving the issues raised by the parking study.

(d)

The following procedures and requirements shall apply in connection with the following requests:

(1)

Requests for reduction in parking requirements of ten percent or less shall be determined by the site plan review committee after review of the parking study. The site plan review committee will determine if any or how much off-street parking and loading is needed. Any appeal of the site plan review committee shall be made to the planning and zoning commission pursuant to subsection 122-221(a).

(2)

Requests for reduction in parking requirements in excess of ten percent shall be considered by the planning and zoning commission at a public hearing. The planning and zoning commission, after receiving recommendations from the staff, and reviewing the parking study, may, in its discretion, modify the off-street parking and loading requirements of this article for the applicant's development. Any appeal of the planning and zoning commission shall be made to the city council pursuant to section 122-221(b).

(Ord. No. 2010-62, § 1, 9-7-10)