Emphasize the importance of site access for a variety of modes of transportation.

Provide the optimal amount of vehicle parking for individual sites, recognizing that too much and too little parking each have negative impacts.

Create access and parking standards appropriate to the context of the project, considering street designs and surrounding development patterns.

Ensure appropriate site and design features that mitigate the physical and aesthetic impact of parking on surrounding sites.

Maximize opportunities for on-street parking, shared parking or reduced parking rates where appropriate, and reduce the need to dedicate areas of individual adjacent sites to underutilized and redundant surface parking.

Promote parking designs that minimize runoff and infiltrate stormwater into the ground.

A change of use for an existing site or building, but only where the new use would require one hundred twenty percent (120%) or more parking than exists.

An expansion of an existing building or use of a site by more than twenty percent (20%).

All new buildings or uses on a site.

Where additional parking is required for an existing site or building, the landscape and design standards shall only apply to the newly constructed parking, except when more than fifty percent (50%) of a parking area is added to, resurfaced or otherwise impacted, then all new parking and access shall comply with this Chapter.

Location And Spacing. Driveway location and spacing shall be limited based on the functional class of streets and the distance from intersections or other driveways as specified in Table 408-1: Access Location and Spacing. All measurements shall be along the right-of-way lines and taken from the edge of the access point or intersecting street.

Width. Driveway widths shall be limited based on the design of the street types in Chapter 404, and based on Table 408-2: Driveway Widths. Widths shall apply to areas within the right-of-way and generally within the lot frontage areas between the right-of-way and front building line, however driveways that taper to larger garage entries and parking areas are permitted.

Setbacks. Except for where shared or common access is permitted and executed through easements, driveways shall be set back from all lot lines based on Table 408-3: Driveway Side Setbacks:

Shall be laid out to organize the site into smaller internal blocks between one (1) and four (4) acres.

Shall be designed to mimic public street cross sections in Chapter 404, including sidewalks, landscape amenities, on-street parking and travel lanes.

May be treated as public streets for determining the proper location, orientation and design of sites and buildings within the project.

Generally. Development sites shall include direct sidewalk connections and circulation at the same or greater frequency as provided for vehicles. Sidewalks connect public entrances and sites, in the most direct manner possible, with the following:

Sidewalk Width. Internal sidewalks shall meet the requirements of Table 408-4: Internal Sidewalk Widths:

Pedestrian Amenities. Sidewalks and internal pedestrian circulation shall be separated from moving vehicles to the extent feasible with curbs, landscape buffers, curbside parking, except for crosswalks in limited locations.

Crossings. All driveways and alleys shall generally intersect with sidewalks on the perimeter of the block at the sidewalk grade, and the material and construction of the sidewalk shall continue across the drive. For drive aisles and internal access streets, the vehicle grade may interrupt the sidewalk. Where the pedestrian crossing exceeds twenty-four (24) feet, cross-walks or other features to identify pedestrian crossings may be required. Design features such as bump outs, raised crossings, medians or other landscape and urban design amenities that emphasize the pedestrian crossing and shorten the distance pedestrians cross dedicated vehicle ways may be considered.

A rate based on employees shall consider maximum number of employees likely to be on-site at one (1) time.

A rate based on square footage shall consider the service area open to the public or patrons, or leasable floor area. Where this number is not easily or readily determined, eighty-five percent (85%) of gross floor area may be used.

A rate based on seating shall consider total number of seats based on industry standards for typical layouts of buildings.

A rate based on capacity shall be the maximum permitted under public safety and building codes.

Where uses or sites have components of different uses (i.e., hotel with a restaurant), each component shall be calculated under most applicable rate.

Provide shared parking for other uses on the block or adjacent blocks according to Section 408.030(O)(5).

Design all parking areas over the minimum as dual purpose space, such as plazas, playgrounds, event areas for regular use of the space during non-peak times (see civic space design standards).

Use alternative surface areas designed to infiltrate stormwater.

Provide additional buffers and site open spaces to screen parking and provide more active usable outdoor spaces, of at least a ten percent (10%) increase in the open space or buffers and at least a twenty percent (20%) increase in the amount of landscape material required for the parking.

Downtown. For the purposes of this Section, "downtown" means the area bounded on the north by 3rd Street, on the east by the White Aloe Creek, on the south by the railroad tracks, and on the west by West Street.

On-Street Parking Credit. All on-street parking within six hundred (600) feet of any lot frontage shall count towards the parking requirement at a rate of one (1) space for every two (2) on-street spaces.

Bicycle Parking Credit. All on-site bicycle parking designed and located according to Section 408.030(D) may reduce the required vehicle parking at a rate of one (1) space for every four (4) bicycle parking spaces up to a maximum of fifteen percent (15%) of the required vehicle parking.

Public Parking Credit. Any site within six hundred (600) feet of a public parking area may reduce the required vehicle parking at a rate of one (1) space for every two (2) public parking spaces.

Shared Parking. Required parking may be reduced for any site containing multiple uses, or for adjacent sites with different uses according to Table 408-6: Shared Parking. Any shared parking arrangement shall require an agreement among all landowners participating in the agreement to ensure access, joint use, maintenance, and other operational issues. A reduction program that differs from Table 408-6 may also be approved in association with the agreement upon preparation of the joint parking study for the sites and uses demonstrating adequate parking during peak hours for all parties to the agreement.

Alternative Parking Plans. All other parking reductions or credits require Planning Commission and Board approval as provided in Section 408.060.

All required parking shall be on-site except as specifically provided in credits or shared parking sections. Additionally, the Planning Commission may allow for a portion of required parking to be located off site through a site plan review, provided it is within three hundred (300) feet of the subject site, it is in the same or comparable zoning district, there are no pedestrian barriers such as highways or other access constraints, and an agreement demonstrating rights and control of the off-site property is provided.

All on-site parking lots shall provide a sufficient amount of barrier free accessible spaces, meeting the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines for quantity, design and location.

No parking space shall be located where it backs into a drive aisle within 20 feet of the entrance to a street, except that parking areas for five (5) or fewer cars may back directly onto the street.

All parking and access areas shall be designed to adequately address drainage and runoff, including curb, gutters and inlets, or any other drainage strategy approved by the Director of Public Works to support best management practices to minimize runoff and encourage infiltration of storm-water.

All parking and access lighting shall meet the standards in Section 407.040.

All parking areas and driveways shall be surfaced with a permanent asphalt or concrete surface, except that residential lots more than five (5) acres may use gravel for any portion of the driveway beyond one hundred (100) feet from the edge of street pavement.

Designated lanes for delivering and freight truck access and fire lanes shall be designed and constructed to support the weight of anticipated loads, acceptable to the Director of Public Works and the fire district.

All parking areas and drives in non-residential zoning districts shall have an edge constructed of straight-back concrete curbing (Type CG-1) or an integral concreted sidewalk and curb with a vertical face. Temporary asphalt curbs may be used in areas to be expanded only as shown and approved on a development plan or deferred parking plan.

Parking areas shall be designed so that sanitation, emergency and other public service vehicles can serve the development without backing unreasonable distances or making other dangerous turning movements.

The Director of Public Works may approve alternatives to any of these design standards or construction specifications, if they demonstrate superior stormwater management performance and sufficient durability and long-term maintenance.

All minimum required parking shall be reserved and used for that purpose except for what may be permitted through a conditional use permit or other specific exception or approval provided in this Code.

In residential zones, no motor vehicle designed or regularly used for carrying freight, merchandise or other property or more than eight (8) passengers and that is licensed in excess of one (1) ton gross vehicle weight, excluding vehicles licensed as a recreational vehicle, shall be parked on a lot.

Parking in residential districts shall be limited to enclosed garages, the driveway, adjoining asphalt or concrete pats, or public streets where permitted. Parking on other areas of the lot is prohibited, except for lots over five (5) acres may park on a gravel surface.

Inoperative vehicles may not be store or repaired on the premises, other than in enclosed garages, or except in industrial zoning districts.

Construction equipment and construction vehicles may not be store or repaired on the premises, except:

A parking demand study or other data that establishes the number of spaces required for the specific use. The study or data may reflect parking for the same use existing at a similar location or for similar uses at other locations. Published studies may be utilized to back up alternative parking requests.

If shared parking is proposed for a mixed-use development, the sum of peak parking demands by use category shall be accommodated for day and night hours on weekdays and weekends. The guidelines for shared parking contained in this Chapter may be used in lieu of a separate study.

If a remote or off-site parking lot is proposed to meet any portion of the parking required, the site and its current zoning classification must be identified, along with the method to transport parking patrons to the use.

A portion of the required parking may be deferred and remain unimproved until it necessary to adequately serve parking demand. Any approved deferral shall show where and how the parking will be constructed, and specifically indicate what event will trigger the construction of the deferred parking. The area reserved for future parking shall be brought to finished grade and shall be landscaped, and it shall not be used for any permanent purpose or structure unless a revised site plan and parking plan is approved. This area shall not count in the open space or landscape calculations.