(1)

Generally. Except as provided in paragraph (1) of this section, the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required for particular uses located in any district shall be as set forth in the following schedule. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces required for a use not specifically listed in the schedule shall be as required for the most similar use listed as determined by the zoning administrator.

TABLE 4: PARKING REQUIREMENTS BY USE

(2)

Requirements in the B-1 District. In the B-1 Limited Business District, the number of required off-street parking spaces determined by application of the provisions of paragraph (1) of this section shall be reduced by 40 percent for each individual use, other than a dwelling use or tourist home, occupying not more than 1,500 square feet of floor area. The purpose of such reduction in parking requirements is to reflect typically lower demand for off-street parking spaces generated by small business in B-1 Districts due to walk-in trade and proximity of such districts to residential areas.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

For purposes of determining the number of off-street parking spaces required for a particular use, the following rules shall apply.

(1)

Gross floor area shall include the area of the floor space devoted to the use, including space used for incidental purposes related thereto, and shall be measured along exterior faces of enclosing walls or partitions or, in the case of attached buildings or abutting spaces within the same buildings devoted to different uses, shall be measured along the centerlines of common walls or partitions.

(2)

Number of employees or staff shall be construed as the maximum number of persons employed on any working shift.

(3)

When computation of required number of spaces results in a fractional number, the required number of spaces shall be the next whole number.

(4)

When a building or premises is devoted to more than one use, the total number of spaces required shall be the sum of the spaces required for each use.

(5)

Required off-street parking spaces may be provided within garages, carports or enclosed building space when the provision of this article pertaining to dimensions and accessibility of spaces are met.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

(1)

Changes subject to new requirements. Any change made in any building or use, including a change in the number of bedrooms, shall result in a new off-street parking requirement for such building or use as determined by application of the provisions of section 120.1-210 of this article to the building or use after the change. In any case where application of the provisions of section 120.1-210 result in a greater number of spaces shall be provided in accordance with all applicable provisions of this article, except as provided in paragraph (2) of this section.

(2)

Nonconforming number of spaces. Whenever the number of off-street parking spaces provided for a building or use, other than a dwelling use, is nonconforming, any change made in such building or use so that the number of off-street parking spaces required by section 120.1-210 after the change is greater than the number of spaces required by application of said section before the change, then not less than the number of spaces required for that increase shall be provided in addition to the number of spaces provided prior to the change. The purpose of this provision is to preserve any nonconforming right that may have existed prior to any change in a building or a nondwelling use, but to require such additional parking as may be necessitated by the change.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

Required off-street parking spaces shall be located on the same lot or development site as the use for which they are required, provided that parking spaces required for uses other than dwelling uses, lodginghouses, tourist homes, child care centers and motels may be located off the premises when all of the following conditions are met.

(1)

Compliance with use regulations. The parking area within which such parking spaces are provided shall comply with the use regulations and all other requirements of the district in which it is located.

(2)

Distance from use to be served. All such parking spaces shall be located within 300 feet, by normal pedestrian route, of a principal entrance to the building devoted to the use they serve.

(3)

Parking requirements for the Central Business District (B-3). In the B-3 Central Business District, no off-street parking shall be required for uses other than lodginghouses, tourist homes, child care centers and motels.

(4)

Ownership or control required. The property on which such parking spaces are located shall be under the same ownership or control as the property on which the use to be served is located. At any time the use of the property for parking purposes is to be discontinued, the zoning administrator shall be given at least 30 days' notice thereof in writing, and unless the parking spaces are no longer required by the provisions of this article, such spaces shall be provided elsewhere in compliance with this article. Failure to provide the required number of spaces in accordance with the provisions of this chapter shall be cause for revocation of the zoning permit for use in question.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07; Ord. No. 1590, 6-23-08)

(1)

Maximum dimensions. Required off-street parking spaces shall be not less than nine feet in width and 18 feet in length, except that spaces arranged parallel to their means of access shall be not less than eight feet in width and 12 feet in length. The width and length of parking spaces shall be measured perpendicular to one another so as to form a rectangle with dimensions as required herein. Parking spaces required to be accessible to handicapped persons by the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code shall comply with the requirements of that Code.

(2)

Allowance for vehicle overhang area. Up to 30 inches of the required length of off-street parking spaces may be provided as vehicle overhang area and need not be paved, provided that wheel stops are installed. Such overhang area shall be clear of any obstruction to vehicles utilizing the parking space or required access aisle onto any public right-of-way, adjacent property, pedestrian walkway or required yard area within which parking is not permitted. Such overhang area shall be considered as part of the parking space of purposes of calculating usable open space when required for any use by the provisions of this chapter.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

All required off-street parking spaces shall be provided with access and maneuvering space meeting the following criteria.

(1)

Driveway or access aisle. Each required off-street parking space shall be provided with a driveway or common access aisle directly serving such space and of sufficient dimensions to enable vehicles to maneuver into and out of such space without encroaching into another parking space or extending beyond the designated driveway or access aisle area.

(2)

Obstruction of streets prohibited. No area devoted to parking or access thereto shall be designed, operated or maintained so as to cause any public street, alley or sidewalk area to be obstructed by vehicles entering, leaving or maneuvering within such parking area. Maneuvering space of sufficient arrangement and dimensions shall be provided within parking areas in order to avoid such obstruction.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

The minimum dimensions of access aisles serving required off-street parking spaces for uses other than, single-family and duplex dwellings shall be as set forth in the following schedule, provided that greater widths may be required by the fire marshal where necessary for purposes of fire access to buildings. Aisle widths for parking arrangements not listed shall be determined by the zoning administrator based on the nearest arrangement listed.

Table 5: Parking Aisle Dimensions

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

The location and design of all curb cuts and entrance and exit driveways connecting with public streets shall conform to the standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation and shall be approved by the city engineer. Where such standards are not applicable, the following shall apply.

(1)

Minimum driveway width. Driveways intended to accommodate two-way traffic shall be not less than 24 feet in width at the property line, and driveways intended to accommodate one-way traffic shall be not less than 16 feet in width at the property line; provided that greater width may be required when deemed necessary by the city engineer to ensure safe and convenient ingress and egress to avoid obstruction of the public street by vehicles entering or leaving a site.

(2)

Maximum driveway width. No driveway shall exceed 50 feet in width at the property line or 60 feet in width at the curb line. For lots containing a single-family detached dwelling or a two-family dwelling, no area that is improved for parking or driveway access to parking may exceed 18 feet in width.

(3)

Distance from street intersections. No driveway connecting with a public street shall be located closer than 25 feet from the right-of-way of another street intersecting the street to which the driveway connects.

(4)

Distance between driveways. Separation of not less than 20 feet shall be provided between all driveways.

(5)

Joint driveways. Joint driveways serving abutting properties shall be permitted if, in the judgment of the zoning administrator and the city engineer, such arrangement will enhance safety and circulation and both property owners are in agreement with such.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

(1)

Paving required for three or more spaces. Parking areas containing three or more parking spaces required by the provisions of this article and all entrances thereto and exits therefrom, shall be paved with dust-free, all-weather hard surface material such as asphalt, asphalt and gravel seal coat, concrete, unit pavers or similar material approved by the zoning administrator. Parking spaces shall be delineated by markings on the pavement surface.

(2)

Exemption for certain parking areas. The requirements of paragraph (1) of this section shall not apply to parking areas serving churches and other public and semi-public uses which, in the judgment of the zoning administrator, involve intermittent, infrequent or nondaily parking use, provided that sufficient improvements are made to ensure that the parking area is usable and that proper access and drainage are provided.

(3)

Drainage and grades. All parking areas shall be designed and constructed with respect to drainage so as to prevent damage to abutting properties and public streets. No finished grade within any parking area shall exceed ten percent.

(4)

Delineation of parking areas. Wheel stops, curbs, walls, fences, shrubbery or other means shall be provided along the edges of parking areas where necessary to prevent parked vehicles from encroaching onto adjacent properties or into public streets and alleys, required yards or public walkways within or adjacent to the site.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

Off-street parking spaces and access aisles serving off-street parking spaces shall be prohibited in certain yard areas adjacent to streets as set forth in the section. These restrictions shall not be construed to prohibit driveways from the street when such driveways are approved by the appropriate authority.

(1)

For lots containing a single-family detached dwelling or a two-family dwelling, parking may be located within any yard, provided that in a front yard, no area that is improved for parking or driveway access to parking may exceed 18 feet in width, or a total area equal to more than 25 percent of the front yard, whichever is greater. Single-family attached dwellings with two-car garages may not exceed 18 feet in width and can exceed the 25 percent front yard requirement if the amount of lot coverage exceeded is replaced with green space within the property.

(2)

For lots containing a single-family attached dwelling, parking may be located within any yard, provided that in a front yard, no area that is improved for parking or driveway access to parking may exceed nine feet in width, or a total area equal to more than 25 percent of the front yard, whichever is greater. For lots containing townhouse dwellings parking for individual dwellings may be located under the unit(s) served by such parking.

(3)

In other districts. In districts refer to Landscaping section 120.1-180.

(4)

Parking/storage of recreational vehicles. The parking of all recreational vehicles shall not be within the required front year or required street side yard.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

Screening of parking areas and landscaping of yards adjacent to parking areas shall be provided in accordance with the standards set forth in Division VII of Article III of this chapter.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)

Adequate lighting shall be provided for off-street parking areas containing five or more spaces which are intended to be used by the general public at night. Lighting shall be designed and installed in such a manner as to concentrate illumination within the parking area and to prevent glare on adjoining properties and public streets.

(Ord. No. 1553, 5-14-07)