FORM-BASED ZONING PROVISIONS
Figure 23.501-1: Center Types ![]() |
The form-based provisions apply to all property zoned as village center, local town center, or regional town center on the city's zoning map. These provisions may also be applied to specific plans adopted by the city where reference to compliance with these standards is specified. Otherwise, the specific plan may contain unique development standards for a particular project area that meet the intent of the corresponding General Plan land use designation. |
A form-based code design supplement demonstrates acceptable, enhanced, and ideal design standards for each of the three center types. These are available upon request. |
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Setback | |
Primary Building Setback (build-to line) | |
Front setback (A) | 10 feet min. 20 feet max. |
Side yard (B) | 5 feet min. |
Side street or internal circulation street (C) | 0 feet min. 10 feet max. |
Rear yard and alley (D) | 5 feet min. |
Accessory Building Placement | |
Front yard (E) | 30 feet min. |
Side yard (F) | 10 feet min. |
Side street (G) | 5 feet min. |
Rear yard and alley (H) | 5 feet min. |
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Building Frontage | |
Primary street | 50% |
Side street1 | 40% |
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) | |
Minimum FAR | 0.25 |
Maximum FAR | 1.0 |
Building Height | |
Minimum height | n/a |
Maximum height (I) | 45 feet |
1. Building is located within required side yard or side street or circulation street area. |
Neighborhood-serving commercial (generally smaller grocery stores, drug stores, dry cleaners, coffee shops, etc.). |
Community centers |
Public/quasi-public uses that incorporate community gathering places |
Public/quasi-public uses without gathering places (as secondary uses) |
Office uses (as secondary uses) |
Medium density residential (as secondary uses, 6.1 to 18.0 units per acre) |
Minor Arterial |
Nonresidential Collector Street |
Residential Collector Street |
Main Street |
Nonresidential Local Street |
Standard Residential Street |
Minor Residential Street |
Alley |
Paseo |
Multi-Use Path |
Minimum density | 6.1 du/acre |
Maximum density | 18 du/acre |
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Connectivity3 | |
Maximum block length (A) | 600 feet |
Maximum block perimeter (B) | 2,000 feet |
Maximum pedestrian block length (C) | 350 feet |
Parking Placement | |
Setbacks from public or private streets (D) | Rear 50% of lot |
Side yard setback (E) | 5 feet min. (except for shared parking) |
Rear yard and alley setback (F) | 5 feet min. |
Required Spaces | |
Parking ratios must meet city standards as identified in Municipal Code Title 23 Chapter 23.719. | |
3. Pedestrian connections must comply with the specifications for paseos or multi-use paths outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Internal circulation streets are private or public streets on commercial or residential lots which access either buildings or parking areas. Internal circulation streets must be provided every 350 feet along any one block face (minimum) and must comply with the specifications for main street, nonresidential collector street (commercial), standard residential street, or minor residential street outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Pedestrian connections and internal circulation streets must connect on at least two ends to public or private pedestrian or vehicular routes. |
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Setback | |
Primary Building Setback (build-to line) | |
Front setback (A) | 0 feet min. 10 feet max. |
Side yard (B) | 0 feet min. |
Side street or internal circulation street (C) | 0 feet max. |
Rear yard and alley (D) | 0 feet min. |
Accessory Building Placement | |
Front yard | n/a |
Side street | n/a |
Side yard | n/a |
Rear yard and alley | n/a |
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Building Frontage | |
Primary street | 70% min |
Side street1 | 50% min |
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) | |
Minimum FAR | 0.3 |
Maximum FAR | 1.5 |
Building Height | |
Minimum height | 20 feet |
Maximum height (E) | 65 feet |
1. Building is located within required side yard or side street or circulation street area. |
Moderate-sized entertainment venues |
Uses that facilitate positive evening and nighttime activity |
Office uses (as secondary uses) |
Medium density residential (as secondary uses, 6.1 to 18.0 units per acre) |
High density residential (as secondary uses, 20 to 40 units per acre) |
Transit-oriented development when adjacent to fixed station locations |
Major Arterial (preferably no more than one fronting an edge of each town center) |
Minor Arterial |
Nonresidential Collector Street |
Residential Collector Street |
Main Street |
Nonresidential Local Street |
Standard Residential Street |
Minor Residential Street |
Minimum density | 6.1 du/acre |
Maximum density | 18 du/acre |
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Connectivity2 | |
Maximum block length (A) | 600 feet |
Maximum block perimeter (B) | 2,000 feet |
Maximum pedestrian block length (C) | 350 feet |
Parking Placement | |
Setbacks from public or private streets (D) | Rear 75% of lot |
Side yard setback (E) | 0 feet min. |
Rear yard and alley setback (F) | 5 feet min. |
Required Spaces | |
Parking ratios must meet city standards as identified in Chapter 23.719 RCMC. | |
2. Pedestrian connections must comply with the specifications for paseos or multi-use paths outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Internal circulation streets are private or public streets on commercial or residential lots which access either buildings or parking areas. Internal circulation streets must be provided every 350 feet along any one block face (minimum) and must comply with the specifications for main street, nonresidential collector street (commercial), standard residential street, or minor residential street outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Pedestrian connections and internal circulation streets must connect on at least two ends to public or private pedestrian or vehicular routes. |
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Setback | |
Primary Building Setback (build-to line) | |
Front setback (A) | 0 feet min. 10 feet max. |
Side yard (B) | 0 feet min. |
Side street or internal circulation street (C) | 0 feet min. 0 feet max. |
Rear yard and alley (D) | 0 feet min. |
Accessory Building Placement | |
Front yard | n/a |
Side street | n/a |
Side yard | n/a |
Rear yard and alley | n/a |
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Building Frontage | |
Primary street | 70% min. |
Side street1 | 50% min. |
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) | |
Minimum FAR | 0.32 |
Maximum FAR | 1.52 |
Building Height | |
Minimum height | 20 feet |
Maximum height (E) | 65 feet |
1. Building is located within required side yard or side street or circulation street area. |
2. Parcels within one-half mile of US 50 are permitted a minimum FAR of 0.35 and a maximum FAR of 2.0. |
Large regional commercial establishments (retail stores, restaurants, entertainment venues, and other citywide-serving retail) |
Moderate to large entertainment venues |
Office uses (primary or secondary uses) |
Medium density residential (6.1 to 18 units per acre) |
High density residential (20.1 to 40 units per acre) |
High density residential with transit bonus (20.1 to 80 units per acre) |
Transit-oriented developments when adjacent to fixed station locations |
Major Arterial |
Minor Arterial |
Nonresidential Collector Street |
Residential Collector Street |
Main Street |
Nonresidential Local Street |
Standard Residential Street |
Minor Residential Street |
Alley |
Paseo |
Multi-Use Path |
Minimum density | 6.1 du/acre |
Maximum density | 20 du/acre |
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Connectivity3 | |
Maximum block length (A) | 660 feet |
Maximum block perimeter (B) | 2,640 feet |
Maximum pedestrian block length (C) | 350 feet |
Parking Placement | |
Setbacks from public or private streets (D) | Rear 50% of lot |
Side yard setback (E) | 0 feet min. |
Rear yard and alley setback (F) | 5 feet min. |
Required Spaces | |
Parking ratios must meet city standards as identified in Chapter 23.719 RCMC. | |
3. Pedestrian connections must comply with the specifications for paseos or multi-use paths outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Internal circulation streets are private or public streets on commercial or residential lots which access either buildings or parking areas. Internal circulation streets must be provided every 350 feet along any one block face (minimum) and must comply with the specifications for main street, nonresidential collector street (commercial), standard residential street, or minor residential street outlined in Chapter 23.513 RCMC (Streetscape Type and Frontage Type Standards). |
Pedestrian connections and internal circulation streets must connect on at least two ends to public or private pedestrian or vehicular routes. |
– | Major Arterial |
– | Minor Arterial |
– | Nonresidential Collector Street (Commercial) |
– | Residential Collector Street |
– | Main Street |
– | Nonresidential Local Street (Commercial) |
– | Standard Residential Street |
– | Minor Residential Street |
– | Alley |
– | Paseo – New pathway type |
– | Multi-Use Path – New pathway type |
![]() Buildings face the street along major arterials |
![]() Median with pedestrian refuge along minor arterials |
![]() Continuously landscaped area between sidewalk and street along nonresidential collector streets |
![]() Residential collector street with bike lanes and landscaping between sidewalk and roadway |
![]() Main street with on-street parking, sidewalks, landscaping and pedestrian bulbouts |
![]() Nonresidential local street with tree wells and lighting placed in the landscape strip |
![]() Standard residential street with on-street parking and pedestrian-scale lighting in the landscape strip |
![]() Minor residential street with landscaped bulbouts and pedestrian-scale lighting |
![]() Alley provides rear access |
![]() Paseo with landscaping and storefronts |
![]() Multi-use path with two bike lanes |
Table 1: Preferred Frontage Type by Street Type | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Street Type | Common Yard | Porch | Door Yard/ Terrace or Light Court | Courtyard | Stoop | Storefront | Gallery | Arcade | Discontinuous Arcade |
Minor and Major Arterial | x | ||||||||
Nonresidential Collector | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
Residential Collector | x | x | x | x | |||||
Main Street | x | x | x | x | |||||
Nonresidential Local | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
Standard Residential | x | x | x | x | |||||
Minor Residential | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
Alley | x | x | |||||||
Paseo | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
Multi-Use Path | x | x | x | ||||||
– | Common Yard | – | Storefront |
– | Porch | – | Gallery |
– | Door Yard/Terrace or Light Court | – | Arcade |
– | Courtyard | – | Discontinuous Arcade |
– | Stoop |
A. | Common Yard Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a common yard frontage is characterized by deep front yard setbacks. Front yards do not contain fences and are visually continuous with one another, thereby creating a "strip" of green between the building frontage and the public right-of-way. Porches and/or stoops are not required, though they are recommended. This frontage type is appropriate where residential development is incorporated into a center. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the structure must be set back a minimum of 20 feet behind the front property line and a maximum of 30 feet. Porches and stoops may project into the required setback. | |
3. | Fences are prohibited within the front setback. | |
B. | Porch Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a porch frontage is characterized by a facade which is set back from the property line with a front yard and by a porch which is appended to the front facade (the porch may encroach into the front setback). The frontage type is appropriate where residential development is incorporated into a center. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the structure must be set back a minimum of 10 feet behind the front property line and a maximum of 20 feet. Porches may project into the required front setback. | |
3. | Porches must conform with the following: | |
a. Minimum of 10 feet tall (clear). | ||
b. Minimum of six feet deep (clear). | ||
c. Porch height must be a minimum of three feet above grade. | ||
d. Minimum of 10 feet wide. | ||
4. | Fences are permitted within the front setback, but may be no greater than four feet in height. | |
C. | Door Yard/Terrace or Light Court Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a door yard/terrace or a light court frontage is a facade that is set back from the street property line by an elevated terrace or a sunken light court. This buffers residential uses from the sidewalk and removes the private yard from public encroachment. The door yard/terrace or light court is suitable for outdoor dining and is appropriate where residential, professional office, and retail development is incorporated into a center. | ![]() ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be set back a minimum of five feet and a maximum of 15 feet behind an elevated terrace or sunken light court. The terrace and/or sunken light court must directly abut the front property line. | |
3. | Sub-basements accessed by a light court may not be more than six feet below the sidewalk. | |
4. | The stoop above the light court must be a minimum of three feet above grade and a minimum of three feet wide. | |
5. | Above-grade commercial building entrances at the stoop level must either be covered by an awning or canopy, or be recessed behind the front building facade. If an awning or canopy is provided, it must meet the dimensional standards provided in subsection (F) of this section (Storefront Standards and Characteristics). If a recessed entry is provided, it must be recessed behind the front facade a minimum of three feet and a maximum of five feet. | |
D. | Courtyard Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a courtyard frontage may be created by recessing a central portion of the facade for a portion of the building frontage. The courtyard frontage should be allocated with other frontage types (typically storefront, stoop, gallery, or arcade). A low fence or wall, with a pedestrian opening in all cases, may be provided along the setback line to define the space of the courtyard/forecourt. A courtyard may be suitable for gardens, outdoor dining, and vehicle drop-offs and is appropriate where residential, office, retail, and institutional uses are incorporated into a center. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be built to the front property line for at least 50 percent of the overall building frontage. The remaining 50 percent of building frontage may be used to create a recessed courtyard in the central portion of the facade. | |
3. | Courtyards must be set back from the build-to line/front building facade a minimum of 10 feet and a maximum of 30 feet. | |
4. | Courtyards must span a minimum of 10 feet along the front facade and may comprise no more than 50 percent of the overall building frontage. | |
5. | The courtyard frontage may choose to incorporate other frontage types (typically storefront, stoop, gallery, or arcade), but is not expressly required to do so. | |
6. | Courtyards may not be covered. | |
7. | Fences and walls with pedestrian openings are permitted within the courtyard setback, but may be no greater than four feet in height. | |
E. | Stoop Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a stoop frontage is characterized by a facade which is aligned close to the frontage line with the ground story elevated from the sidewalk to provide privacy for the ground floor uses. The entrance is usually an exterior stair or landing which may be combined with a small porch or roof. The stoop frontage type is appropriate where ground floor residential and office professional uses are incorporated into a center. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be set back behind an elevated stoop, which must be aligned with and directly abut the front property line. | |
3. | Stoops must conform with the following: | |
a. Stoops must rise to a minimum of three feet above grade. | ||
b. Minimum three feet wide. | ||
4. | Stoop frontages may be combined with a small roof or porch. | |
5. | Commercial building entrances at the stoop level must either be covered by an awning or canopy or be recessed behind the front building facade. If an awning or canopy is provided, it must meet the dimensional standards provided in subsection (F) of this section (Storefront Standards and Characteristics). If a recessed entry is provided, it must be recessed behind the front facade a minimum of three feet and a maximum of five feet. | |
F. | Storefront Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a storefront frontage is characterized by a facade which is aligned close to or directly on the right-of-way line with the building entrance at sidewalk grade. Storefront frontages have substantial glazing on the ground floor and provide awnings or canopies cantilevered over the sidewalk. Building entries may either provide a canopy or awning, or alternatively, may be recessed behind the front building facade. The frontage type is appropriate where ground floor retail or office uses are incorporated into a center. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be built to the front property line. | |
3. | Awnings/canopies must be provided for a minimum of 50 percent of the overall building frontage and must comply with the following: | |
a. Awnings/canopies must project a minimum of five feet over the sidewalk. | ||
b. Awnings/canopies must provide a minimum of eight feet and a maximum of 12 feet of vertical clearance over the sidewalk. | ||
4. | Building entrances must either be covered by an awning or canopy, or be recessed behind the front building facade. If an awning or canopy is provided, it must meet the dimensional standards provided above. If a recessed entry is provided, it must be recessed behind the front facade a minimum of three feet and a maximum of five feet. | |
G. | Gallery Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a gallery frontage is characterized by a facade which is aligned with the back of the sidewalk, with the building entrance at sidewalk grade and with an attached colonnade that projects over the sidewalk. The sidewalk must be fully absorbed within the colonnade so that a pedestrian may not bypass it. This frontage is conventional for retail use. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be set back a minimum of 10 feet behind a colonnade. The colonnade may be located no more than three feet behind the curb. | |
3. | The gallery must provide a minimum of 10 feet of vertical clearance from the sidewalk. | |
4. | There must be a minimum of 10 feet of clearance between the columns and the front facade of the building. | |
5. | Columns must be spaced a minimum of eight feet and a maximum of 12 feet apart. | |
H. | Arcade Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, an arcade frontage is nearly identical in character to the gallery frontage except that the upper stories of the building may project over the public sidewalk way. The sidewalk must be fully absorbed within the colonnade so that a pedestrian may not bypass it. This frontage is conventional for retail use. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be set back a minimum of 10 feet behind a colonnade. The colonnade may be located no more than three feet behind the curb. | |
3. | The arcade must provide a minimum of 10 feet of vertical clearance from the sidewalk. | |
4. | There must be a minimum of 10 feet of clearance between the columns and the front facade of the building. | |
5. | Columns must be spaced a minimum of eight feet and a maximum of 12 feet apart. | |
I. | Discontinuous Arcade Standards and Characteristics. | |
1. | As shown in the section and plan drawings, a discontinuous arcade frontage is nearly identical in character to the arcade frontage except that the colonnade is set back behind the right-of-way. This frontage should not be used for long stretches of the facade and should ideally be flanked on either side by building frontages built to the right-of-way line. This frontage is conventional for retail use. | ![]() Source: SERA Architects, 2008 |
2. | Primary Street Setback. The front facade of the building must be set back a minimum of 10 feet behind a colonnade. The colonnade must be aligned with and directly abut the front property line. | |
3. | The arcade must provide a minimum of 10 feet of vertical clearance from the sidewalk. | |
4. | There must be a minimum of 10 feet of clearance between the columns and the front facade of the building. | |
5. | Buildings with a discontinuous arcade must be adjacent to a sidewalk with a minimum width of 10 feet. Columns must be spaced a minimum of eight feet and a maximum of 12 feet apart. | |