(1) To advance the goals of the Comprehensive Plan and zoning regulations of the city, the Planning Commission may recommend, and the City Council may approve, development bonuses that include a reduction in green space or parking requirements when certain practices that provide public benefit are incorporated into the development.
(2) This section establishes guidelines for relief from traditional zoning standards to compensate for certain improvements to promote the public good, as further described. These regulations apply in the C-5 zoning district and planned development overlays.
(B) General guidelines. If development bonuses are requested, the applicant shall document all site amenities or improvements for the city’s review and consideration. Development bonus opportunities provided herein shall serve as a guide in providing relief from the underlying zoning district standards. These opportunities are presented by zoning class; proposed mixed-use developments can utilize opportunities from either zoning class, provided those opportunities further the public benefit provided by the development.
(1) Residential development bonuses. Relief from underlying zoning guidelines may be granted to planned residential developments that incorporate elements and provide amenities that create more impactful green space and recreational opportunities within the subdivision. The incorporated elements should be regionally significant or a meaningful addition to the development for bonuses to be assigned at the discretion of the City Council. If construction of the development is to occur in stages, then open space or recreational amenities shall be developed in reasonable proportion to the number of dwelling units intended to be developed and to be served during any given stage of construction, as approved by the City Council.
(a) Density bonus. Upgrades to public and private infrastructure and protection of natural resources will be considered for a reduction in density. Multiple approaches could be considered below for a maximum increase of 25% in the total number of dwelling units. The maximum reduction in lot size shall be limited to 10% of the underlying zoning requirement.
1. Streetscape improvements. Upgrades to roads and the streetscape that create boulevards or parkways will be considered for a density bonus of up to 10%. Notwithstanding the typical section, only streetscape improvements that exceed the requirements outlined in development standards will be considered for a development bonus. Streetscape upgrades could include, but are not limited to:
A. Modified typical sections of roads that trade pavement width for green features, including added landscaping and tree canopies in the right-of-way. Any modification to typical sections shall document the following considerations at a minimum:
(i) Reduced pavement width is sufficient to accommodate full and future buildout traffic demands as well as emergency vehicles in all conditions. No parking or snow routes could be requested on streets with modified typical sections.
(ii) Ornamental street signs and street light posts, landscaping, and like improvements that exceed the development standards would be privately maintained.
B. Planting a minimum of two canopy trees per lot within the residential subdivision will be considered for a density bonus of up to 5%. Tree species must be native to the region and have a two and one-half-inch caliper or greater. Tree planting shall be made a condition of individual lot occupancy to receive a density bonus.
2. Pedestrian facility upgrades. Upgrades to pedestrian facilities will be considered for a density bonus of up to 10%. Only pedestrian facilities that exceed the requirements outlined in development standards will be considered for a development bonus. Pedestrian facility upgrades could include, but are not limited to:
A. Providing sidewalk widths above the minimum required width.
B. Providing bike trails that increase the circulation of bike traffic.
C. Providing sidewalks and paths beyond the road frontage that increase pedestrian traffic circulation.
D. Providing increased access to public transportation, including:
(i) Adding a bus stop along an existing route.
(ii) Adding a bus route to increase access to more areas.
(iii) Providing amenities to create an accessible bus stop in varied weather conditions.
E. Providing pedestrian amenities, including:
(i) Pedestrian-scaled lighting that lights the pedestrian path while considering the mature height of street trees and the tree canopy.
(ii) Seating in the form of benches, seat walls, and railings.
(iii) Signage and information kiosks directing people to major activity centers and amenities.
(v) Bike and scooter parking.
(vi) Public art on buildings in the streetscape.
(vii) Shade with street trees, awnings, and canopies.
3. Green space. Green space, as outlined below, will be considered for a density bonus of up to 15%. Only green space that exceeds the requirements outlined in development standards or provides meaningful improvement to the green space will be considered for a density bonus and will be calculated with a weighted percentage toward the total requirement as outlined below. Green space considerations include, but are not limited to:
A. To promote the protection of woodlands, 125% of the land area may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the woodlands are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
B. Two hundred percent of the land area dedicated to establishing a woodland canopy and a tree preservation easement set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space may be counted toward green space requirements. A plan shall be established by an arborist for the development of the tree canopy and shall specify the planting of two hardwood trees for each tree anticipated in the woodland. The plan shall assess 200 square feet for each tree-designated woodland. For example, where 20,000 square feet are being preserved, the following formula would be used: 20,000 square feet divided by 200 square feet equals 100 trees. As the required tree planting ratio is 2:1, 200 trees would be planted.
C. To promote low-impact design and stormwater-related best management practices (BMPs), 125% of the land area used for rain gardens, bio-retention facilities, groundwater infiltration systems, and other approved structural stormwater BMPs may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space.
D. To promote recreation, 125% of the land area used for retention ponds may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space, and the retention pond serves as stormwater management with the addition of recreational amenities. Recreational amenities include walking paths, providing adequate depth to support aquatic life, stocking the pond with fish, adding docks or bridges, and similar items to promote recreation.
E. To promote the provision and protection of natural preserves, 125% of the land area of natural preserves and created wetlands may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the natural preserves are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
F. One hundred fifty percent of the reserved land area placed into a conservation easement with a legally incorporated land conservation agency or donated for a city park may be counted toward green space requirements.
4. Subdivision amenities. Recreational subdivision amenities, as outlined below, will be considered for a density bonus of up to 10%. Only amenities that exceed the requirements outlined in development standards will be considered for a density bonus. Recreational subdivision amenities could include, but are not limited to:
B. Sports courts, i.e., basketball, pickleball, tennis, and the like.
D. Clubhouse or community center.
E. Public gathering spaces, i.e., pavilions or gazebos.
(b) Parking space reduction. A reduction in minimum parking as required in §§ 154.080 through 154.090 in residential uses will be considered. An engineering parking study shall be provided to justify any parking reduction to demonstrate that adequate parking for residential uses is provided. The strategies listed in Streetscape Improvements and Pedestrian Facility Upgrades could be considered for parking space reduction. However, at no time could one strategy be considered for both a density bonus and a parking space reduction unless otherwise approved by the City Council. (c) Public infrastructure improvements. Improvements to critical public infrastructure will be considered for a development bonus of up to half the maximum allowable bonuses for reductions in green space and parking requirements. Improvements that support the extension and connection of critical infrastructure above those improvements required for the function of the development will be considered for a density bonus. These improvements could include those identified by the city as future desired infrastructure projects. Right-of-way dedications or easement dedications for future desired improvements will also be considered for a development bonus. Public infrastructure improvement considerations include, but are not limited to:
1. Extensions of collector roads through the development.
2. Improvements to critical wastewater infrastructure, including the construction of a regional lift station or the extension of a collecting trunk line to serve multiple users.
3. Improvements to critical water infrastructure, including the extension and looping of transmission lines to provide increased flows and redundancy in the water system.
4. Regional detention ponds and stormwater improvements to serve multiple users.
(2) Commercial development bonuses. Relief from underlying zoning guidelines may be granted to planned commercial developments that incorporate elements that create more impactful green space and intentional public spaces within the development. The incorporated elements should be a regionally significant addition to the development for bonuses to be assigned at the discretion of the City Council.
(a) Parking space reduction. The maximum parking reduction in parking spaces shall be limited to 50% of the spaces required for the specific use of the property as provided in §§ 154.080 through 154.090. An engineering parking study shall be provided to justify any parking reduction above 25% of the required parking spaces to demonstrate that adequate parking for the proposed use is provided. A balance between the intended users and the following list of incentives may be considered to reach a parking space reduction. 1. Pedestrian facility upgrades. Upgrades to pedestrian facilities will be considered for a parking space reduction. Only pedestrian facilities that exceed the requirements outlined in development standards will be considered for a development bonus. Pedestrian facility upgrades could include, but are not limited to:
A. Providing sidewalk widths above the minimum required width.
B. Providing bike trails that increase the circulation of bike traffic.
C. Providing sidewalks and paths beyond the road frontage that increase pedestrian traffic circulation.
D. Providing increased access to public transportation, including:
(i) Adding a bus stop along an existing route.
(ii) Adding a bus route to increase access to more areas.
(iii) Providing amenities to create an accessible bus stop in varied weather conditions.
E. Providing pedestrian amenities, including:
(i) Pedestrian-scaled lighting that lights the pedestrian path while considering the mature height of street trees and the tree canopy.
(ii) Seating in the form of benches, seat walls, and railings.
(iii) Signage and information kiosks directing people to major activity centers and amenities.
(v) Bike and scooter parking.
(vi) Public art on buildings in the streetscape.
(vii) Shade with street trees, awnings, and canopies.
F. Providing pedestrian-specific amenities to a civic green, including open shelters that encourage public gatherings.
G. The following images portray desirable outcomes:
Seating along sidewalks in the form of benches with pedestrian-scale lighting.
Public art in a streetscape.
Shade with street trees, awnings, and canopies.
2. Streetscape improvements. Upgrades to roads and the streetscape that create boulevards or parkways will be considered for a parking space reduction of up to 10%. Notwithstanding the typical section, only streetscape improvements that exceed the requirements outlined in development standards will be considered for a development bonus. Streetscape upgrades could include, but are not limited to:
A. Modified typical sections of roads that trade pavement width for green features, including added landscaping and tree canopies in the right-of-way. Any modification to typical sections shall document the following considerations at a minimum:
(i) Reduced pavement width is sufficient to accommodate full and future buildout traffic demands, as well as emergency vehicles in all conditions. No parking or snow routes could be requested on streets with modified typical sections.
(ii) Ornamental street signs and street light posts, landscaping, and like improvements that exceed the development standards would be privately maintained.
(b) Density bonus. Upgrades to public and private infrastructure and protection of natural resources will be considered for a reduction in density. Multiple approaches could be considered below for a maximum increase in site impervious area of up to 30%, not to exceed a site impervious area of 85%.
1. Green space. Green space, as outlined below, will be considered for a density bonus of up to 15%. Only green space that exceeds the requirements outlined in development standards or provides meaningful improvement to the green space requirements will be considered for a density bonus and will be calculated with a weighted percentage as outlined below. Green space considerations include, but are not limited to:
A. To promote the protection of woodlands, 125% of the land area may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the woodlands are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
B. Two hundred percent of the land area dedicated to establishing a woodland canopy and a tree preservation easement set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space may be counted toward green space requirements. A plan shall be established by an arborist for the development of the tree canopy and shall specify the planting of two hardwood trees for each tree anticipated in the woodland. The plan shall assess 200 square feet for each tree-designated woodland. For example, where 20,000 square feet are being preserved, the following formula would be used: 20,000 square feet divided by 200 square feet equals 100 trees. As the required tree planting ratio is 2:1, 200 trees would be planted.
C. To promote low-impact design and stormwater-related best management practices (BMPs), 125% of the land area used for rain gardens, bio-retention facilities, groundwater infiltration systems, and other approved structural stormwater BMPs may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space.
D. To promote recreation, 125% of the land area used for retention ponds may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space, and the retention pond serves as stormwater management with the addition of recreational amenities. Recreational amenities include walking paths, providing adequate depth to support aquatic life, stocking the pond with fish, adding docks or bridges, and similar items to promote recreation.
E. To promote the provision and protection of natural preserves, 125% of the land area of natural preserves and created wetlands may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the natural preserves are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
F. One hundred fifty percent of the landscape area may be counted toward the green space requirement if the development provides landscaping in addition to the minimum landscape requirements. Landscape areas over 10% of the requirement shall be provided for bonus consideration.
G. Two hundred percent of the land area included as a civic green may be counted toward the green space requirement.
H. One hundred fifty percent of the reserved land area placed into a conservation easement with a legally incorporated land conservation agency or donated for a city park may be counted toward green space requirements.
2. Commercial density bonus. Incentives listed in Streetscape Improvements and Pedestrian Facility Upgrades could be considered for a density bonus of up to 5% for each category in commercial development if parking reductions are not requested. At no time could one strategy be considered for both a density bonus and a parking space reduction unless otherwise approved by the City Council.
3. The following images portray desirable outcomes:
A civic green is an open space consisting of a lawn and informally framed by trees and shrubs, typically furnished with paths, benches, and open shelters.
Landscaping in addition to minimum requirements.
Flowering shrubs that border a bench.
Retention pond with a walking path around it for recreation.
(c) Public infrastructure improvements. Improvements to critical public infrastructure will be considered for a development bonus of up to 15%. Improvements that support the extension and connection of critical infrastructure above those improvements required for the function of the development will be considered for a density bonus. These improvements could include those identified by the city as future desired infrastructure projects. Right-of-way dedications or easement dedications for future desired improvements will also be considered fora development bonus. Public infrastructure improvement considerations include, but are not limited to:
1. Extensions of collector roads through the development.
2. Improvements to critical wastewater infrastructure, including the construction of a regional lift station or the extension of a collecting trunkline to serve multiple users.
3. Improvement to critical water infrastructure, including the extension and looping of transmission lines to provide increased flows and redundancy in the water system.
4. Regional detention ponds and stormwater improvements to serve multiple users.
(3) Industrial development bonuses. Relief from underlying zoning guidelines may be granted to planned industrial developments that incorporate elements that create more impactful green space and create additional separation from different surrounding zoning.
(a) Density bonus. Upgrades to public and private infrastructure and protection of natural resources will be considered for a reduction in density. Multiple approaches could be considered below for a maximum increase in site impervious area of up to 15%, not to exceed a site impervious area of 85%. Strategies that create additional buffers from residential and commercial zones for visual, noise, and pollution concerns should be prioritized in industrial developments.
1. Green space. Green space, as outlined below, will be considered for a density bonus of up to 15%. Only green space that exceeds the requirements outlined in development standards or provides meaningful improvement to the green space requirements will be considered for a density bonus and will be calculated with a weighted percentage as outlined below. Green space considerations include, but are not limited to:
A. To promote the protection of woodlands, 125% of the land area may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the woodlands are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
B. Two hundred percent of the land area dedicated to establishing a woodland canopy and a tree preservation easement set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space may be counted toward green space requirements. A plan shall be established by an arborist for the development of the tree canopy and shall specify the planting of two hardwood trees for each tree anticipated in the woodland. The plan shall assess 200 square feet for each tree-designated woodland. For example, where 20,000 square feet are being preserved, the following formula would be used: 20,000 square feet divided by 200 square feet equals 100 trees. As the required tree planting ratio is 2:1, 200 trees would be planted.
C. To promote low-impact design and stormwater-related best management practices (BMPs), 125% of the land area used for rain gardens, bio-retention facilities, groundwater infiltration systems, and other approved structural stormwater BMPs may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space.
D. To promote recreation, 125% of the land area used for retention ponds may be counted toward meeting green space requirements when the areas are set aside as undeveloped space, and the retention pond serves as stormwater management with the addition of recreational amenities. Recreational amenities include walking paths, providing adequate depth to support aquatic life, stocking the pond with fish, adding docks or bridges, and similar items to promote recreation.
E. To promote the provision and protection of natural preserves, 125% of the land area of natural preserves and created wetlands may be counted toward meeting green space requirements if the natural preserves are set aside and permanently protected as undeveloped space.
F. One hundred fifty percent of the landscape area may be counted toward the green space requirement if the development provides landscaping in addition to the minimum landscape requirements. Landscape areas over 10% of the requirement shall be provided for bonus consideration.
G. Two hundred percent of the land area included as a civic green may be counted toward the green space requirement.
H. One hundred fifty percent of the reserved land area placed into a conservation easement with a legally incorporated land conservation agency or donated for a city park may be counted toward green space requirements.
2. Parking reduction. The maximum parking reduction in parking spaces shall be limited to 50% of the spaces required for the specific use of the property as provided in §§ 154.080 through 154.090. An engineering parking study shall be provided to justify any parking reduction to demonstrate adequate parking for the proposed use. A balance between the intended users and the incentives listed in Pedestrian Facility Upgrades may be considered to reach a parking space reduction as approved by the City Council. (b) Public infrastructure improvements. Improvements to critical public infrastructure will be considered for a density bonus of up to 15%. Improvements that support the extension and connection of critical infrastructure above those improvements required for the function of the development will be considered for a density bonus. These improvements could include those identified by the city as future desired infrastructure projects. Dedication of rights-of-way or easement dedications for future desired improvements will also be considered for a development bonus. Public infrastructure improvement considerations include, but are not limited to:
1. Extensions of collector roads through the development.
2. Improvements to critical wastewater infrastructure, including the construction of a regional lift station or the extension of a collecting trunkline to serve multiple users.
3. Improvements to critical water infrastructure, including the extension and looping of transmission lines to provide increased flows and redundancy in the water system.
4. Regional detention ponds and stormwater improvements to serve multiple users.
(4) Example calculations.
(a) Residential bonus example.
1. Example: 100-acre subdivision in an underlying Rl-A zoning district:
| R-1A Single-family Residential |
Total area of development: | 100 acres |
Maximum coverage in percent of lot: | 30% or 30 acres |
Minimum lot size: | 8,250 sq. ft. |
Green space requirement: | 10% or 10 acres |
2. Design development assumptions: Some assumptions for the area of the subdivision that will have to be dedicated to right-of-way and stormwater management, regardless of incentives or bonuses. Note that detention only counts for 50% of the green space requirement.
Right-of-way in subdivision: | 15% or 15 acres |
Detention in subdivision: | 8% or 8 acres |
3. Maximum number of lots in subdivision: Using the assumptions stated above, the number of lots in the subdivision is calculated below. Note that only 50% of detention areas count toward the green space requirement. A density bonus of up to 25% lists the maximum number of lots for this example.
Developable lot area: 100 acres (total) - 8 acres (detention) - 6 acres (required green space in addition to detention) - 15 acres (ROW) = 71 acres
Number of lots: 71 acres/8,250 sq. ft. = 374 lots
Max number of lots: 374 * 125% = 467 lots
4. Some strategies that could be utilized to reduce the green space requirement:
a. Eight-acre retention pond with recreational amenities. Detention area typically counts as 50% of the area for the green space calculation, so the eight-acre retention area with recreational amenities will count as ten acres, instead of four acres, toward the green space requirement.
8 acres * 125% = 10 acres
100 acres - 15 acres (ROW) - 8 acres (retention w/amenities) = 77 acres
Number of lots: 77 acres / 8,250 sq. ft. = 406 lots
b. Establishing a three-acre woodland canopy. In this example, three acres that are not wooded but may be difficult to develop due to an odd-shaped remnant parcel, difficult grades, or other factors could be established as a woodland canopy.
3 acres * 200% = 6 acres (counted toward green space)
100 acres - 15 acres (ROW) - 8 acres (detention) - 3 acres (canopy) = 74 acres
Number of lots: 74 acres I 8,250 sq. ft. = 390 lots
5. Strategy to reduce lot size requirement:
Providing pedestrian facility upgrades in green space. Maximum 10% bonus.
71 acres of developable lot area as derived in section 3 above for the example subdivision
Minimum lot size: 8,250 sq. ft. * 90% = 7,425 sq. ft.
Number of lots: 71 acres / 7,425 sq. ft. = 416 lots
6. A cumulative example to increase density in a residential development:
a. Create an eight-acre retention facility with a walking trail, a pedestrian bridge, a fishing dock, depth to support aquatic life, and stocked with fish. The eight-acre retention area counted as ten acres toward green space requirements, where it would count as four acres toward green space in straight zoning.
b. Provide two native canopy trees on each lot. As a condition of approval, each residential lot will have to have two native canopy trees planted before the issuance of an occupancy permit (5% density bonus).
c. The development provides recreational amenities including a playground, a basketball court, a pickleball court, and a swimming pool on one and one-half acres of common ground. All these amenities are provided in a central area near the subdivision entrance, but the subdivision is to be built in four phases. The amenity construction will be staged to build the basketball and pickleball courts in phase 1 of the subdivision. The playground will be constructed in phase 3. And the swimming pool will be constructed in phase 4 (5% density bonus).
Developable lot area: 100 acres (total) - 8 acres (detention) - 15 acres (ROW) - 1.5 acres (community amenities) = 75.5 acres
Minimum lot size: 8,250 sq. ft. * 90% = 7,425 sq. ft.
Number of lots: 75.5 acres / 7,425 sq. ft. = 443 lots
An increase of 69 lots from straight zoning assumptions.
(b) Commercial bonus example.
1. Example: A 100-acre subdivision in an underlying C-5 zoning district:
| C-5 Town Center Mixed-use |
Total area of development: | 100 acres |
Maximum coverage in percent of lot: | 50% or 50 acres |
Green space requirement: | 30% or 30 acres |
Maximum impervious area per zoning: | 50 acres of structures plus 20 acres of impervious = 70 acres |
2. Some strategies that could be utilized to reduce the green space requirement:
A. Eight-acre retention pond with recreational amenities (retention area typically counts as 50% of the area for green space calculation).
8 acres * 125% = 10 acres (at 50%, 5 acres counted for detention)
B. Assume this development would require 3.64 acres of required landscaping, but 110% is provided.
3.64 acres * 110% = 4 acres (provided)
4 acres * 125% = 5 acres (counted toward green space)
C. Four-acre civic green.
4 acres * 200% = 8 acres (counted toward green space)
D. Five-acre area establishing a woodland canopy.
5 acres * 200% = 10 acres (counted toward green space)
In this example, bonuses allow for 11.36 more acres of development.
Providing 20.64 acres of physical green space counts as 32 acres of green space with bonuses.