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Union City Zoning Code

ARTICLE 32

TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS

SECTION 3200 INTENT

  • A.
    To promote effective multi-modal transportation including safe and reasonable access between public roadways and adjacent land, transit service, bicycle, and pedestrian travel. These regulations aim to improve the convenience and ease of movement of travelers on public roads and provide for the reasonable speeds and economy of travel while maintaining the capacity of the roadway. The location and design of transportation facilities shall be in accordance with the following regulations. These regulations shall apply to all existing, planned, or proposed transportation facilities within unincorporated Boone County and the cities of Florence, Union, and Walton. These regulations shall also provide the basis for further detailing of acceptable street access for specific areas within the County, through special corridor/district studies conducted by the Planning Commission.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3205 PROVISION FOR BICYCLE FACILITIES

  • A.
    The Boone County Planning Commission and Kentucky Transportation Cabinet may provide for or require bike lanes, routes, or paths. Bicycle facilities are currently planned for Boone County in the current Boone County Transportation Plan, adopted Boone County and Florence pedestrian/bike path plans, the OKI Regional Bicycle Plan, and specific corridor plans.
  • B.
    All bicycle facilities must be accompanied by appropriate pavement markings and signage and designed according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities. These multimodal facilities must be incorporated into the design of circulation patterns of sites and in the location of access points. Such facilities shall be considered in the design of public streets by both developers and the applicable public works agency and reviewed in accordance with local and regional bicycle plans.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3208 PROVISION FOR PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

  • A.
    Sidewalk connections to adjacent developments and/or public rights-of-way shall be provided along public roads. New developments or redevelopment of existing sites shall provide sidewalks along public roads. Where adequate right-of-way does not exist, right-of-way or public sidewalk easements shall be granted. Provisions shall be consistent with local pedestrian and multi-use trail plans.
  • B.
    The width of the sidewalks shall be in conformance with the requirements of the BOONE COUNTY SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS. Wheelchair ramps shall be design in compliance with ADA standards and shall be installed at any pedestrian crosswalk which intersects with any street.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3210 FUNCTIONAL ROADWAY CLASSIFICATION

  • A.
    Roadways in Boone County shall be grouped into the following categories:
    1. 1.
      Freeway - A multi-lane divided highway having a minimum of two lanes in each direction for exclusive use of through traffic.  Access is fully controlled, with full grade separation at interchanges.
    2. 2.
      Expressway - A divided highway that serves through traffic.  Access is partially controlled, with full or partial grade separations at major intersections.
    3. 3.
      Arterial - High volume roadways that serve primarily through traffic at relatively high speeds.  The provision of direct access to abutting land is subordinate to providing service to through traffic as facilitated through the following conditions:
      1. a.
        Direct private access to arterial roadways shall be permitted only when the property in question has no other reasonable access to the public roadway network.
      2. b.
        The design and location of allowable private access points must comply with all applicable sections of these regulations.
      3. c.
        Direct private access points to arterial roadways may be designated as "Temporary" and all requirements of SECTION 3233 shall apply.
    4. 4.
      Collector - Streets having the dual function of providing land access and traffic circulation service within residential, commercial, and industrial areas.  Collector streets provide the connecting link between local streets and the arterial street network.
    5. 5.
      Sub-Collector - Streets that provide the greatest degree of access to abutting property.  A sub-collector, while serving access to adjacent parcels, must facilitate traffic movement within a development.  Service of through traffic on local streets is clearly subordinate and even discouraged by low posted speed limits, street design, and signing or signalization which causes frequent stops.
    6. 6.
      Local - Roadways which are designed to be used primarily for direct access to abutting properties.
    7. 7.
      Private - A privately owned and maintained street that provides access to abutting property for private users of such property.
    8. 8.
      Frontage Road (Service or Access Drive) - A street adjacent to a freeway, expressway, or arterial street separated therefrom by a dividing strip and providing access to adjoining properties.
    9. 9.
      Limited Access Residential - A subcollector or collector street with no direct access for individual lots.  Such streets are intended to provide direct and safe circulation within and between developing residential areas and the major street network. 
  • B.
    Roadway classifications shall be designated on a list maintained by the Boone County Planning Commission and is to be updated at least two (2) time every calendar year.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3213 RECLASSIFICATION OF ROADWAYS AND ASSIGMENT OF NEW ROADWAYS

  • A.
    The access classification of an existing or proposed roadway, through action of the Planning Commission, may be reviewed based upon a consideration of existing and projected traffic volumes, newly adopted transportation plans, changes in the existing and/or proposed character of lands adjoining the roadway, amended land use plans, zoning (including Special District/Corridor Studies), and the availability of reasonable access to affected lands. Through its review, if the Planning Commission finds reasonable cause, it may recommend to the appropriate legislative unit(s) a modification, change, or assignment of a new access classification to an existing or proposed roadway within Boone County.
  • B.
    The Planning Commission may also recommend to the appropriate legislative unit(s) a change in the access classification of a roadway as part of a request for a zoning map amendment, when determined that the requested zone change, if approved, would significantly change the transportation function of the roadway.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3215 MINIMUM SPACING OF DRIVEWAYS

  • A.
    All adjacent driveways onto public roadways must be separated by the minimum distance shown in Table 32-1. These minimum spacing requirements may be adjusted to accommodate minimum sight distance requirements if a determination is made by the Zoning Administrator that such adjustment is necessary to preserve the intent of these regulations.
  • B.
    Measurements shall be taken from edge of pavement to edge of pavement.

    • Table 32-1

    Minimum Spacing of Adjacent Driveways

    Collector Roadways:

    Arterial Roadways

    < 40 M.P.H. = 185'

    = 275'

    > 40 M.P.H. = 230'

     

    Table 32-1

    Minimum Spacing of Adjacent Driveways

    Collector Roadways:

    Arterial Roadways

    < 40 M.P.H. = 185'

    = 275'

    > 40 M.P.H. = 230'

     

    Table 32-1

    Minimum Spacing of Adjacent Driveways

    Collector Roadways:

    Arterial Roadways

    < 40 M.P.H. = 185'

    = 275'

    > 40 M.P.H. = 230'

     

    Table 32-1

    Minimum Spacing of Adjacent Driveways

    Collector Roadways:

    Arterial Roadways

    < 40 M.P.H. = 185'

    = 275'

    > 40 M.P.H. = 230'

     

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3216 MINIMUM CORNER CLEARANCE OF DRIVEWAYS FROM INTERSECTING STREETS

  • A.
    The locations of driveways adjacent to intersecting streets shall conform to the minimum corner clearances provided in Table 32-2.

    • Table 32-2

    Minimum Corner Clearances of Driveways from Intersecting Streets

    SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    100'

    50'

    C

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    D

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    C

    85'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    D

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    Table 32-2

    Minimum Corner Clearances of Driveways from Intersecting Streets

    SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    100'

    50'

    C

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    D

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    C

    85'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    D

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    Table 32-2

    Minimum Corner Clearances of Driveways from Intersecting Streets

    SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    100'

    50'

    C

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    D

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    C

    85'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    D

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    Table 32-2

    Minimum Corner Clearances of Driveways from Intersecting Streets

    SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    100'

    50'

    C

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    D

    230'

    175'

    125'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

    NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION:

    Item

    Arterial

    Collector

    Commercial or Industrial Sub-Collector, Controlled Access Collectors

    Other

    A

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    B

    115'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    C

    85'

    85'

    85'

    50'

    D

    115'

    75'

    75'

    50'

    E

    75'

    0'

    0'

    0'

     Figure 32-1
     Minimum Corner Clearance of Driveways from Intersecting Streets
     
     Minimum Corner Clearance
     

    Rotate 90 degrees for access controls on intersecting street

    Measurements are edge of pavement to edge of pavement

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3217 MINIMUM SIGHT DISTANCE

  • A.
    Sight distances at intersections shall be determined by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, the County Engineer, or the City Engineer, depending on the entity that maintains that roadway.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3220 PROVISION FOR MAINTAINING THE LEVEL OF SERVICE OF THE ROADWAY

  • A.
    The Planning Commission may require that all traffic requiring access to and from a development shall operate in such a manner as to not adversely affect the level of service of the roadway. Provisions for the present or future construction of a frontage road, restriction or channelization of turning movements, or other improvements may be required, as a condition of approval, in order to maintain the level of service of any adjacent roadway.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3221 NUMBER AND LOCATION OF ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    Each existing tract of land is entitled to one access point provided that its location and design fulfill, as a minimum, the requirements of these regulations including the following:
    1. 1.
      Where an undeveloped parcel adjoins another undeveloped parcel on collector, sub-collector, or arterial roadways, access points shall be located along common property lines of such parcels, providing the potential access meets other applicable portions of these regulations. When the second undeveloped parcel is developed, it shall utilize the common access. Where access is provided along common property lines, an easement granting common access shall be provided. In addition, such access easements shall be of sufficient depth to provide adequate stacking distance for vehicles entering the access point from a public street.
    2. 2.
      A proposed development is permitted one access point for each five hundred (500) feet of site frontage. However, a single family dwelling in a residential or agricultural district may be granted one additional access point on a local or subcollector street where the lot frontage is at least one hundred (100) feet. All access points must be in compliance with all applicable sections of these regulations.
    3. 3.
      If a property has frontage on more than one street, access will be permitted only on those street frontages where standards contained in this ordinance and all other regulations can be met.
    4. 4.
      If a property cannot be served by any access point meeting these standards, the Planning Commission will designate one or more access point(s) based on traffic safety, operational needs, and conformance to as many of the requirements of these regulations as possible.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3222 COORDINATION OF ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    Access points on opposite sides of an  arterial, collector, or sub-collector roadway shall be located opposite each other. If not so located, turning movement restrictions may be imposed as determined necessary by the Planning Commission. In addition, in order to maximize the efficient utilization of access points, access drives shall be designed, located, and constructed in a manner to provide and make possible the coordination of access with and between adjacent properties developed (present or future) for similar or compatible uses. As a condition of approval for construction, use, or reuse of any access point, the Planning Commission may require that unobstructed and unencumbered access, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, be provided from any such access point to adjacent properties if the uses are similar or compatible and such connection is physically possible.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3223 CHANGE IN PROPERTY USE

  • A.
    Whenever the use of a parcel of land changes, or two or more parcels of land are assembled under one purpose, plan, entity, or usage, the existing access permit(s) shall become void. The Planning Commission may require the reconstruction, relocation, or closure of the access point(s), based on the new property use. Any such new or reauthorized access point must be in compliance with all applicable sections of this regulation, and may require the submission of a traffic study in accordance with SECTION 3240 of these regulations.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3224 EXISTING ACCESS

  • A.
    Existing access points, even if not in use, may not be relocated, altered, or developed without approval of the Planning Commission.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3225 TEMPORARY ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    Any access point that does not comply with one or more sections of this regulation may be designated as "Temporary" upon approval by the Planning Commission. Any access point so designated may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements, or caused to be relocated by the Planning Commission at such time as the particular use served by an access point changes and/or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road, an intersecting street, or a shared common driveway. In all cases where said access points are classified as "temporary", such designation shall be duly noted on the plan submitted for approval and also recorded as a Certificate of Land Use Restriction at the Boone County Clerk’s office with the expiration date noted. An encroachment permit shall be obtained from the appropriate legislative unit for whichever road is to be accessed.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3226 RESTRICTION OF TURNING MOVEMENTS

  • A.
    Where necessary for the safe and efficient movement of traffic, the Planning Commission may require access points to provide for only limited turning movements (see Figure 32-2). Access points with restricted turning movements must still meet requirements for number and location of access points as specified in these regulations.
    • Figure 32-2 
     Right Turn In/Right Turn Out Access Design
     
     Right Turn In Right Turn Out
     

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3227 CONSTRUCTION OF ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    Construction access may be granted to undeveloped property prior to development of a site plan if access is needed for construction or preliminary site access. Construction accesses are subject to removal, relocation, or redesign after final site plan approval.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3230 DRIVEWAY DESIGN

  • A.
    Design of driveway width, angle, grade, and curb radii shall comply to the provisions of this section. Table 32-3 presents the required dimensions for driveway design based on rural or urban conditions. These dimensions should be adjusted upward as necessary to accommodate design vehicles. If center channelizing islands are used in a 2-way driveway, clearance widths of 1.5 to two (2) feet should be added on both sides of the center island.

    • Table 32-3

    Recommended Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines

    Dimension

    Reference

    Resid.

    Urban Commer.

    Indust.

    Resid.

    Rural Commer.

    Indust.

    Width1

    Minimum

    W

    10

    15

    20

    10

    15

    20

    Maximum

     

    30

    35

    40

    30

    40

    40

    Right-turn Radius2

    Minimum

    R

    5

    10

    15

    10

    15

    25

    Maximum

     

    15

    20

    50

    25

    50

    50

    Angle3

     

    A

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    1The minimum width of commercial driveways is intended to apply to one-way operation. In high pedestrian areas, the maximum basic width should be 30 feet.

    2On the side of a driveway exposed to entry or exit by right-turning vehicles. In high pedestrian areas, the radii should be half the values shown. The maximum radii for major generator driveways can be higher than the values shown.

    3Minimum acute angle measured from edge of pavement, and generally based on one-way operation. For two-way driveways, and in high pedestrian areas, the minimum angle should be 70 degrees.

    Table 32-3

    Recommended Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines

    Dimension

    Reference

    Resid.

    Urban Commer.

    Indust.

    Resid.

    Rural Commer.

    Indust.

    Width1

    Minimum

    W

    10

    15

    20

    10

    15

    20

    Maximum

     

    30

    35

    40

    30

    40

    40

    Right-turn Radius2

    Minimum

    R

    5

    10

    15

    10

    15

    25

    Maximum

     

    15

    20

    50

    25

    50

    50

    Angle3

     

    A

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    1The minimum width of commercial driveways is intended to apply to one-way operation. In high pedestrian areas, the maximum basic width should be 30 feet.

    2On the side of a driveway exposed to entry or exit by right-turning vehicles. In high pedestrian areas, the radii should be half the values shown. The maximum radii for major generator driveways can be higher than the values shown.

    3Minimum acute angle measured from edge of pavement, and generally based on one-way operation. For two-way driveways, and in high pedestrian areas, the minimum angle should be 70 degrees.

    Table 32-3

    Recommended Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines

    Dimension

    Reference

    Resid.

    Urban Commer.

    Indust.

    Resid.

    Rural Commer.

    Indust.

    Width1

    Minimum

    W

    10

    15

    20

    10

    15

    20

    Maximum

     

    30

    35

    40

    30

    40

    40

    Right-turn Radius2

    Minimum

    R

    5

    10

    15

    10

    15

    25

    Maximum

     

    15

    20

    50

    25

    50

    50

    Angle3

     

    A

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    1The minimum width of commercial driveways is intended to apply to one-way operation. In high pedestrian areas, the maximum basic width should be 30 feet.

    2On the side of a driveway exposed to entry or exit by right-turning vehicles. In high pedestrian areas, the radii should be half the values shown. The maximum radii for major generator driveways can be higher than the values shown.

    3Minimum acute angle measured from edge of pavement, and generally based on one-way operation. For two-way driveways, and in high pedestrian areas, the minimum angle should be 70 degrees.

    Table 32-3

    Recommended Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines

    Dimension

    Reference

    Resid.

    Urban Commer.

    Indust.

    Resid.

    Rural Commer.

    Indust.

    Width1

    Minimum

    W

    10

    15

    20

    10

    15

    20

    Maximum

     

    30

    35

    40

    30

    40

    40

    Right-turn Radius2

    Minimum

    R

    5

    10

    15

    10

    15

    25

    Maximum

     

    15

    20

    50

    25

    50

    50

    Angle3

     

    A

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    45

    1The minimum width of commercial driveways is intended to apply to one-way operation. In high pedestrian areas, the maximum basic width should be 30 feet.

    2On the side of a driveway exposed to entry or exit by right-turning vehicles. In high pedestrian areas, the radii should be half the values shown. The maximum radii for major generator driveways can be higher than the values shown.

    3Minimum acute angle measured from edge of pavement, and generally based on one-way operation. For two-way driveways, and in high pedestrian areas, the minimum angle should be 70 degrees.

     Figure 32-3
     Recommended Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines
     
     Basic Driveway Dimension Guidelines
     
     Figure 32-4
     Driveway Design
     
     Driveway Design
     

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3231 DRIVEWAY GRADES

  • A.
    In high traffic areas, the grade of a driveway should reflect the design illustrated in Figure 32-4. Existing curbing should be completely removed to insure a safe and efficient access to the development. Where drainage of water flowing onto a roadway is anticipated, a swale (for non curbed areas with a ditch) or a curb modification shall be installed as part of the driveway. Figure 32-5 indicates recommended driveway grades. The value of G1 is limited by shoulder slopes and the presence of a sidewalk. In general, G1 should not exceed eight (8) percent and the change in grade between the driveway grade and street cross-slope should not exceed ten (10) percent. Driveway grades, G2 should not exceed fifteen (15) percent for residential driveways and eight (8) percent for commercial or industrial driveways. A level "landing" area should be provided at the approach to the roadway. However, the effect of a vertical curve on sight distances should also be considered. Concrete sidewalk sections are to be provided through curb cuts where existing sidewalks exist or are required.
    •   Figure 32-5
      Driveway Grade
      
     Plan View Section View
      
     Driveway Grade Plan Driveway Grade Section
      

    Suggested Max. Grade Change (D)

     

    Desirable

    Maximum

    High Volume

    0%

    +/- 3%

    Low Volume on Major or Collector Streets

    +/- 3%

    +/- 6%

    Low Volume on Local Streets

    +/- 6%

    Controlled by vehicle clearance (+/- 15%)

    Suggested Max. Grade Change (D)

     

    Desirable

    Maximum

    High Volume

    0%

    +/- 3%

    Low Volume on Major or Collector Streets

    +/- 3%

    +/- 6%

    Low Volume on Local Streets

    +/- 6%

    Controlled by vehicle clearance (+/- 15%)

    Suggested Max. Grade Change (D)

     

    Desirable

    Maximum

    High Volume

    0%

    +/- 3%

    Low Volume on Major or Collector Streets

    +/- 3%

    +/- 6%

    Low Volume on Local Streets

    +/- 6%

    Controlled by vehicle clearance (+/- 15%)

    Suggested Max. Grade Change (D)

     

    Desirable

    Maximum

    High Volume

    0%

    +/- 3%

    Low Volume on Major or Collector Streets

    +/- 3%

    +/- 6%

    Low Volume on Local Streets

    +/- 6%

    Controlled by vehicle clearance (+/- 15%)

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3232 VEHICLE STORAGE/CIRCULATION

  • A.
    No access will be approved for parking or loading areas that require backing maneuvers in a public street right-of-way except for single-family, duplex, or townhouse residential uses on local streets. Any parking facility must have full internal vehicular circulation and storage. Vehicular circulation must be located completely within the property. In addition, each portion of the development must have access to all other portions without using the adjacent street system. Where a proposed development includes a truck loading operation, adequate space must be provided such that all truck maneuvering is performed off street.
  • B.
    Adequate stacking capacity must be provided for both inbound and outbound vehicles to facilitate safe movement. Inbound vehicle storage areas must be of sufficient size to ensure that vehicles will not obstruct the adjacent street, sidewalk, or circulation within the development. Outbound vehicle storage areas must be provided to eliminate backup and delay of vehicles within the development.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3233 SPACING RESTRICTIONS FOR SIGNALIZED ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    Access points shall be designed such that those which will warrant signalization shall be spaced a minimum distance of one quarter (1/4) mile apart. The location and design of the signalized access points shall be determined by a traffic engineering study prepared by the developer and subject to the approval of the Planning Commission, as detailed in SECTION 3240. If the installation of a traffic signal is approved, the developer may be responsible for the cost of purchasing, installing, operating, and maintaining the signal equipment.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3235 PROVISION OF EXCLUSIVE TURNING LANES AND DECELERATION LANES

  • A.
    At those access points where vehicles turning to and from the roadway will affect the capacity of the roadway, the developer shall dedicate sufficient right-of-way and construct turning lanes or deceleration lanes as necessary to maintain the capacity of the roadway. If the roadway in question has bike lanes, the developer shall also include adequate right-of-way for the bike lane and continue the bike lane through the access point. Acceleration lanes should be discouraged except for freeway applications.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3236 PROVISION OF FRONTAGE ROADS

  • A.
    The Planning Commission may require the use of frontage roads, backage roads, or driveway connections to provide access to property adjacent to arterial and collector roadways. The landowner/developer may be required to construct the frontage road to the side and/or rear property lines or reserve sufficient right-of-way to allow future construction of such road.
  • B.
    As adjacent property develops, the landowner/developer shall be required to interconnect the individual portions of frontage roads as appropriate. Access to the roadway via an intersecting street or a common driveway may be required if the use of a frontage road is not feasible, as may the interconnecting of parking lots.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3238 APPROVAL OF ACCESS POINTS

  • A.
    A copy of the plans for all access points to be constructed along a state-maintained or controlled route shall be submitted to the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet for review and approval at the same time as plans are submitted to the Planning Commission. Permission for the construction of access points along state-maintained roadways is subject to the approval of plans by both the local and state agencies. Proposed access points along local public roadways must also be approved by the respective legislative unit.
  • B.
    An encroachment permit shall be obtained from the appropriate legislative unit for whichever road is to be accessed.
  • C.
    All access to roadways for development purposes require Site Plan or Preliminary Plat and Improvement Plan (if applicable) approval from the Planning Commission. Access to collector and arterial roadways will only be permitted if no other reasonable access is possible.
  • D.
    The Planning Commission (or Zoning Administrator where appropriate) will review development plans for compliance with these regulations at the earliest practical stage of plan review. These regulations shall be reviewed at the following stages unless otherwise designated by the Planning Commission or Zoning Administrator.

    • Type of Development

    Review Procedure

    Subdivisions

    Preliminary Plat Review, and if applicable, Improvement Plan

    Planned Developments, Employment Planned Developments, Residential Planned Developments

    Subdivision or Site Plan Review

    Principally Permitted and Conditional uses in Commercial, Employment, Public Facilities, and Recreation Districts

    Site Plan Review

    Conveyance Plats and Single Family Residential applications

    Zoning Permit Review with building permit

    Type of Development

    Review Procedure

    Subdivisions

    Preliminary Plat Review, and if applicable, Improvement Plan

    Planned Developments, Employment Planned Developments, Residential Planned Developments

    Subdivision or Site Plan Review

    Principally Permitted and Conditional uses in Commercial, Employment, Public Facilities, and Recreation Districts

    Site Plan Review

    Conveyance Plats and Single Family Residential applications

    Zoning Permit Review with building permit

    Type of Development

    Review Procedure

    Subdivisions

    Preliminary Plat Review, and if applicable, Improvement Plan

    Planned Developments, Employment Planned Developments, Residential Planned Developments

    Subdivision or Site Plan Review

    Principally Permitted and Conditional uses in Commercial, Employment, Public Facilities, and Recreation Districts

    Site Plan Review

    Conveyance Plats and Single Family Residential applications

    Zoning Permit Review with building permit

    Type of Development

    Review Procedure

    Subdivisions

    Preliminary Plat Review, and if applicable, Improvement Plan

    Planned Developments, Employment Planned Developments, Residential Planned Developments

    Subdivision or Site Plan Review

    Principally Permitted and Conditional uses in Commercial, Employment, Public Facilities, and Recreation Districts

    Site Plan Review

    Conveyance Plats and Single Family Residential applications

    Zoning Permit Review with building permit

    Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3239 WAIVER OF REQUIREMENTS

  • A.
    The Planning Commission through the official Zoning Administrator for the subject jurisdiction, may waive or modify, with conditions, the requirements of these regulations, if it is determined that such action is warranted given the nature of an individual project and such action will serve to preserve the purpose and intent of these regulations. The Zoning Administrator can require a detailed traffic study from the applicant in order to make a determination.

    • Effective on: 12/20/2022

    SECTION 3240 TRAFFIC STUDIES

  • A.
    Traffic studies may be required by the Planning Commission in order to adequately assess the impact of a development proposal on the existing and/or planned street system. The primary responsibility for assessing the traffic impacts associated with a proposed development will rest with the developer, while the Planning Commission serves in a review capacity.
  • B.
    The traffic study will be the responsibility of the applicant and must be prepared by a Licensed Kentucky professional engineer with adequate experience in transportation engineering and planning. Upon submission of a draft traffic study, the Planning Commission will review the study data sources, methods, and findings. Comments will be provided in a written form. The applicant/developer will then have an opportunity to incorporate necessary revisions prior to submitting a final report. All studies must be approved by the Planning Commission before acceptance.
  • C.
    The applicant should be notified at the pre-application stage whether a traffic study will be required, provided adequate information is available to the Planning Commission. If the proposed development appears to generate significant impact on the infrastructure, the applicant will be informed that a traffic study is required.
  • D.
    Transportation consultants are required to discuss projects with the Planning Commission prior to starting the study. Topics for possible discussion at such meetings will include trip generation, directional distribution of traffic, trip assignment, definition of the study area, intersections requiring critical lane analysis, methods for projecting build-out volume, and needs analysis of pedestrian/bicycle facilities. Specific requirements will vary dependent upon the specific site location being reviewed. No traffic study will be accepted unless the traffic study requirements of this regulation are met and the applicant has a pre-application meeting with the Planning Commission.
  • E.
    Traffic Study Format
    1. 1.
      In order to provide consistency and to facilitate Staff review of traffic studies, the following format shall be followed in the preparation of such studies by transportation consultants. The analysis shall be presented in a logical sequence with footnotes where appropriate. A detailed description of what should be incorporated into a study is detailed in Traffic Access and Impact Studies for Site Development, published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The following outline, taken from that document indicates the information that shall be included in a transportation study:

    • Table 32-4
    Sample Table of Contents-Site Traffic Access/Impact Study Report

    I.

    Introduction and Summary

     

    A.

    Purpose of Report and Study Objectives

     

    B.

    Executive Summary

      

    1

    Site location and study area

      

    2

    Development description

      

    3

    Principal findings

      

    4

    Conclusions

      

    5

    Recommendations

     

    C.

    Qualifications and experience of firm or individual(s) who prepared the study.

    II.

    Proposed Development (Site and Nearby)

     

    A.

    Off-site development

     

    B.

    Description of on-site development

      

    1

    Land use and intensity

      

    2

    Location

      

    3

    Site plan

      

    4

    Zoning

      

    5

    Phasing and timing

    III.

    Area Conditions

     

    A.

    Study Area

      

    1

    Area of influence

      

    2

    Area of significant traffic impact (may also be part of Chapter IV)

     

    B.

    Study Area Land Use

      

    1

    Existing land uses

      

    2

    Existing zoning

      

    3

    Anticipated future development

     

    C.

    Site Accessibility

      

    1

    Area roadway system (a. Existing; b. Future)

      

    2

    Traffic volumes and conditions

      

    3

    Transit service and Pedestrian/Bicycle facilities

      

    4

    Existing relevant transportation system management programs

      

    5

    Other as applicable

    IV.

    Projected Traffic

     

    A.

    Site Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    2

    Trip distribution

      

    3

    Modal split

      

    4

    Trip assignment

     

    B.

    Through Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Method of projections

      

    2

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    3

    Trip distribution

      

    4

    Modal split

      

    5

    Trip Assignment

     

    C.

    Total Traffic (each horizon year)

    V.

    Traffic Analysis

     

    A.

    Site Access

     

    B.

    Capacity and Level of Service (including AM and PM peak hour LOS changes)

     

    C.

    Critical Lane Analysis

     

    D.

    Traffic Safety

     

    E.

    Traffic Signals

     

    F.

    Vehicle/Bicycle/Pedestrian Circulation and Parking

    VI.

    Improvement Analysis

     

    A.

    Improvements to accommodate base traffic

     

    B.

    Additional improvements to accommodate site traffic

     

    C.

    Alternative improvements

     

    D.

    Status of improvements already funded, programmed, or planned

     

    E.

    Evaluation

    VII.

    Findings

     

    A.

    Site accessibility

     

    B.

    Traffic impacts

     

    C.

    Need for any improvements

     

    D.

    Compliance with applicable local codes

    VIII.

    Recommendations

     

    A.

    Site access/circulation plan

     

    B.

    Roadway improvements

      

    1

    on-site

      

    2

    off-site

      

    3

    phasing, if appropriate

     

    C.

    Transportation System Management Actions

      

    1

    off-site

      

    2

    on-site operational

      

    3

    on-site

     

    D.

    Other

    IX.

    Conclusions

    Table 32-4
    Sample Table of Contents-Site Traffic Access/Impact Study Report

    I.

    Introduction and Summary

     

    A.

    Purpose of Report and Study Objectives

     

    B.

    Executive Summary

      

    1

    Site location and study area

      

    2

    Development description

      

    3

    Principal findings

      

    4

    Conclusions

      

    5

    Recommendations

     

    C.

    Qualifications and experience of firm or individual(s) who prepared the study.

    II.

    Proposed Development (Site and Nearby)

     

    A.

    Off-site development

     

    B.

    Description of on-site development

      

    1

    Land use and intensity

      

    2

    Location

      

    3

    Site plan

      

    4

    Zoning

      

    5

    Phasing and timing

    III.

    Area Conditions

     

    A.

    Study Area

      

    1

    Area of influence

      

    2

    Area of significant traffic impact (may also be part of Chapter IV)

     

    B.

    Study Area Land Use

      

    1

    Existing land uses

      

    2

    Existing zoning

      

    3

    Anticipated future development

     

    C.

    Site Accessibility

      

    1

    Area roadway system (a. Existing; b. Future)

      

    2

    Traffic volumes and conditions

      

    3

    Transit service and Pedestrian/Bicycle facilities

      

    4

    Existing relevant transportation system management programs

      

    5

    Other as applicable

    IV.

    Projected Traffic

     

    A.

    Site Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    2

    Trip distribution

      

    3

    Modal split

      

    4

    Trip assignment

     

    B.

    Through Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Method of projections

      

    2

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    3

    Trip distribution

      

    4

    Modal split

      

    5

    Trip Assignment

     

    C.

    Total Traffic (each horizon year)

    V.

    Traffic Analysis

     

    A.

    Site Access

     

    B.

    Capacity and Level of Service (including AM and PM peak hour LOS changes)

     

    C.

    Critical Lane Analysis

     

    D.

    Traffic Safety

     

    E.

    Traffic Signals

     

    F.

    Vehicle/Bicycle/Pedestrian Circulation and Parking

    VI.

    Improvement Analysis

     

    A.

    Improvements to accommodate base traffic

     

    B.

    Additional improvements to accommodate site traffic

     

    C.

    Alternative improvements

     

    D.

    Status of improvements already funded, programmed, or planned

     

    E.

    Evaluation

    VII.

    Findings

     

    A.

    Site accessibility

     

    B.

    Traffic impacts

     

    C.

    Need for any improvements

     

    D.

    Compliance with applicable local codes

    VIII.

    Recommendations

     

    A.

    Site access/circulation plan

     

    B.

    Roadway improvements

      

    1

    on-site

      

    2

    off-site

      

    3

    phasing, if appropriate

     

    C.

    Transportation System Management Actions

      

    1

    off-site

      

    2

    on-site operational

      

    3

    on-site

     

    D.

    Other

    IX.

    Conclusions

    Table 32-4
    Sample Table of Contents-Site Traffic Access/Impact Study Report

    I.

    Introduction and Summary

     

    A.

    Purpose of Report and Study Objectives

     

    B.

    Executive Summary

      

    1

    Site location and study area

      

    2

    Development description

      

    3

    Principal findings

      

    4

    Conclusions

      

    5

    Recommendations

     

    C.

    Qualifications and experience of firm or individual(s) who prepared the study.

    II.

    Proposed Development (Site and Nearby)

     

    A.

    Off-site development

     

    B.

    Description of on-site development

      

    1

    Land use and intensity

      

    2

    Location

      

    3

    Site plan

      

    4

    Zoning

      

    5

    Phasing and timing

    III.

    Area Conditions

     

    A.

    Study Area

      

    1

    Area of influence

      

    2

    Area of significant traffic impact (may also be part of Chapter IV)

     

    B.

    Study Area Land Use

      

    1

    Existing land uses

      

    2

    Existing zoning

      

    3

    Anticipated future development

     

    C.

    Site Accessibility

      

    1

    Area roadway system (a. Existing; b. Future)

      

    2

    Traffic volumes and conditions

      

    3

    Transit service and Pedestrian/Bicycle facilities

      

    4

    Existing relevant transportation system management programs

      

    5

    Other as applicable

    IV.

    Projected Traffic

     

    A.

    Site Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    2

    Trip distribution

      

    3

    Modal split

      

    4

    Trip assignment

     

    B.

    Through Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Method of projections

      

    2

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    3

    Trip distribution

      

    4

    Modal split

      

    5

    Trip Assignment

     

    C.

    Total Traffic (each horizon year)

    V.

    Traffic Analysis

     

    A.

    Site Access

     

    B.

    Capacity and Level of Service (including AM and PM peak hour LOS changes)

     

    C.

    Critical Lane Analysis

     

    D.

    Traffic Safety

     

    E.

    Traffic Signals

     

    F.

    Vehicle/Bicycle/Pedestrian Circulation and Parking

    VI.

    Improvement Analysis

     

    A.

    Improvements to accommodate base traffic

     

    B.

    Additional improvements to accommodate site traffic

     

    C.

    Alternative improvements

     

    D.

    Status of improvements already funded, programmed, or planned

     

    E.

    Evaluation

    VII.

    Findings

     

    A.

    Site accessibility

     

    B.

    Traffic impacts

     

    C.

    Need for any improvements

     

    D.

    Compliance with applicable local codes

    VIII.

    Recommendations

     

    A.

    Site access/circulation plan

     

    B.

    Roadway improvements

      

    1

    on-site

      

    2

    off-site

      

    3

    phasing, if appropriate

     

    C.

    Transportation System Management Actions

      

    1

    off-site

      

    2

    on-site operational

      

    3

    on-site

     

    D.

    Other

    IX.

    Conclusions

    Table 32-4
    Sample Table of Contents-Site Traffic Access/Impact Study Report

    I.

    Introduction and Summary

     

    A.

    Purpose of Report and Study Objectives

     

    B.

    Executive Summary

      

    1

    Site location and study area

      

    2

    Development description

      

    3

    Principal findings

      

    4

    Conclusions

      

    5

    Recommendations

     

    C.

    Qualifications and experience of firm or individual(s) who prepared the study.

    II.

    Proposed Development (Site and Nearby)

     

    A.

    Off-site development

     

    B.

    Description of on-site development

      

    1

    Land use and intensity

      

    2

    Location

      

    3

    Site plan

      

    4

    Zoning

      

    5

    Phasing and timing

    III.

    Area Conditions

     

    A.

    Study Area

      

    1

    Area of influence

      

    2

    Area of significant traffic impact (may also be part of Chapter IV)

     

    B.

    Study Area Land Use

      

    1

    Existing land uses

      

    2

    Existing zoning

      

    3

    Anticipated future development

     

    C.

    Site Accessibility

      

    1

    Area roadway system (a. Existing; b. Future)

      

    2

    Traffic volumes and conditions

      

    3

    Transit service and Pedestrian/Bicycle facilities

      

    4

    Existing relevant transportation system management programs

      

    5

    Other as applicable

    IV.

    Projected Traffic

     

    A.

    Site Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    2

    Trip distribution

      

    3

    Modal split

      

    4

    Trip assignment

     

    B.

    Through Traffic (each horizon year)

      

    1

    Method of projections

      

    2

    Trip generation (24 hour, AM peak hour and PM peak hour)

      

    3

    Trip distribution

      

    4

    Modal split

      

    5

    Trip Assignment

     

    C.

    Total Traffic (each horizon year)

    V.

    Traffic Analysis

     

    A.

    Site Access

     

    B.

    Capacity and Level of Service (including AM and PM peak hour LOS changes)

     

    C.

    Critical Lane Analysis

     

    D.

    Traffic Safety

     

    E.

    Traffic Signals

     

    F.

    Vehicle/Bicycle/Pedestrian Circulation and Parking

    VI.

    Improvement Analysis

     

    A.

    Improvements to accommodate base traffic

     

    B.

    Additional improvements to accommodate site traffic

     

    C.

    Alternative improvements

     

    D.

    Status of improvements already funded, programmed, or planned

     

    E.

    Evaluation

    VII.

    Findings

     

    A.

    Site accessibility

     

    B.

    Traffic impacts

     

    C.

    Need for any improvements

     

    D.

    Compliance with applicable local codes

    VIII.

    Recommendations

     

    A.

    Site access/circulation plan

     

    B.

    Roadway improvements

      

    1

    on-site

      

    2

    off-site

      

    3

    phasing, if appropriate

     

    C.

    Transportation System Management Actions

      

    1

    off-site

      

    2

    on-site operational

      

    3

    on-site

     

    D.

    Other

    IX.

    Conclusions

    1.  
      1. 2.
        The executive summary should be a one or two-page synopsis that concisely summarizes the study purpose, conclusions, and recommendations. Throughout the study, assumptions must be detailed and described. The study should also specify which transportation improvements will be the responsibility of the developer to complete.

    Effective on: 12/20/2022