Upper Macungie Township
City Zoning Code
City Zoning Code
PART 6
OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING
§ 27-601 Required Number of Parking Spaces.
[Ord. 9-94, 4/7/1994, § 601; amended by Ord. 2017-4, 6/1/2017; and by Ord. No. 2020-08, 7/9/2020]
1.
Overall Requirements.
A.
Number of Spaces. Each use that is newly developed, enlarged, significantly changed in type or increased in number of establishments shall provide and maintain off-street parking spaces in accordance with Table 6.1 and the regulations of this Part.
B.
Uses Not Listed. Uses not specifically listed in Table 6.1 shall comply with the requirements for the most similar use listed in Table 6.1, unless the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Officer that an alternative standard should be used for that use.
D.
Calculation. Where the calculation of required parking spaces does not result in a whole number, the calculation shall be rounded to the closest whole number.
2.
Reduction of Parking Requirements as a Conditional Use.
A.
Purposes. To minimize impervious surfaces, while ensuring adequate parking; to recognize unique circumstances may justify a reduction in parking.
B.
The Board of Supervisors may permit a reduction, through the conditional use process of § 27-118, of the number of parking spaces required to be developed, if the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Board that less parking spaces are needed.
(1)
Proof. To prove that less parking spaces are needed, the applicant shall provide existing and projected employment, customer, resident or other relevant data. Such data may include a study of parking at similar developments during peak periods of use.
(2)
Shared Parking. Under this Section, an applicant may seek to prove that parking permanently shared with another use or another lot with shared internal access will reduce the total amount of parking needed because the uses have different peak times of parking need or overlapping customers.
(3)
Reservation of Future Parking Areas. If a reduction is permitted under this Section, the Board may require as a condition of the conditional use approval that the lot include the reservation, permanently or for a specified number of years, of areas for use if needed in the future for additional parking.
(a)
Such reservation shall be provided in a legal form acceptable to the Township Solicitor. A legally binding deed restriction is recommended.
(b)
In such case, the applicant shall be required to submit site plans to the Zoning Officer showing where and how the additional parking could be accomplished. Such future parking areas shall be designed to meet all Township requirements, including stormwater runoff. Such future parking areas shall not be covered by buildings and shall be attractively landscaped unless needed for parking.
(c)
Such additional parking shall be required to be provided within one year by the owner of the lot at that time after the Zoning Officer may determine in writing to such owner that such parking has become needed to meet actual use. Such determination shall be based upon the Zoning Officer's on-site review on least three different days.
Table 6.1 Off-Street Parking Requirements (See definition of "employee" in Part 2) |
Use | Number of Off-Street Parking Spaces Required | Plus 1 Off-Street Parking Space for Each: | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
A. | Agricultural Uses: | |||
1. | Crop farming or raising of livestock | — | employee | |
2. | Kennel (minimum of 4) | 1 per employee | 15 animals of capacity | |
3. | Plant nursery | 1 per employee | 250 square feet of indoor sales floor area and 10,000 square feet of outdoor sales area | |
4. | Stable, nonhousehold (minimum of 2) | 1 per employee | 8 animals of capacity | |
5. | Seasonal sale of agricultural products (minimum of 5) | 1 per employee | 250 square feet of sales floor area | |
B. | Residential Uses: | |||
1. | Dwelling unit | 2 per dwelling unit, except 1 per 1-bedroom/efficiency conversion apartment. | An additional 0.5 per dwelling unit for a development of 10 or more dwelling units that does not abut a street with space for on-street parking on at least 1 side in addition to 2 travel lanes (this parking may be in overflow lots) | |
2. | Home occupation, general | as determined to be necessary by the Zoning Hearing Board | nonresident employee | |
3. | Home occupation, light | none additional required | ||
4. | Housing permanently restricted to persons 55 years and older and/or the physically handicapped | 0.75 per dwelling/rental unit, except 0.4 per dwelling/rental unit if evidence is presented that the nonphysically handicapped persons will clearly primarily be over 70 years old | nonresident employee | |
5. | Boardinghouse | 1 per rental unit or bed, whichever is greater, except for a college fraternity or sorority: 1 per 2 beds plus 1 per 10 nonresident members | nonresident employee | |
6. | Group home | see § 27-402 | ||
7. | Manufactured/ mobile home park | see § 27-402 | ||
C. | Institutional Uses: | |||
1. | Place of worship or church | 1 per 4 seats in room of largest capacity | employee | |
2. | Hospital | 1 per 2 beds | 1.2 employees | |
3. | Nursing home | 1 per 6 beds | 1.2 employees | |
4. | Personal care home | 1 per 4 beds | 1.2 employees | |
5. | Day-care center | 1 per 10 children, with spaces designed for safe and convenient dropoff and pickup | 1.2 employees | |
6. | School, primary or secondary | 1 per 4 students aged 16 or older | employee | |
7. | Utility facility | 1 per vehicle routinely needed to service facility | ||
8. | Dormitory | 1 per 2 residents aged 16 or older | nonresident employee | |
9. | College, university or trade school | 1 per 1.5 students not living on campus who attend class at peak times (plus required spaces for on-campus housing) | employee | |
10. | Library, community center or cultural center or museum | 1 per 4 seats (or 1 per 250 square feet of floor area accessible to patrons and/or users if seats are not typically provided) | employee | |
11. | Treatment center | 1 per 2 residents aged 16 years or older plus 1 per nonresident intended to be treated on site at peak times | Nonresident employee | |
12. | Swimming pool, nonhousehold | 1 per 40 square feet of water surface, other than wading pools | employee | |
D. | Commercial Uses: | All commercial uses, as applicable, shall provide additional parking or storage needed for maximum number of vehicles stored, displayed or based at the lot at any point in time. These additional spaces are not required to meet the stall size and parking aisle width requirements of this Chapter. | ||
1. | Auto service station or repair garage | 5 per repair/service bay and 1/4 per fuel nozzle with such spaces separated from accessways to pumps | employee; plus any parking needed for a convenience store under "retail sales" | |
2. | Auto, boat, recreational vehicle or manufactured home sales | 1 per 15 vehicles, boats, RVs or homes displayed | employee | |
3. | Automatic transaction machine | 3 per machine, conveniently located | ||
4. | Adult use (including adult bookstore, adult live entertainment use or massage parlor) (minimum of 10) | 1 per 30 square feet of total floor area | employee | |
5. | Bed-and-breakfast use | 1 per rental unit plus the 2 per dwelling unit | nonresident employee | |
6. | Betting use | 1 per 50 square feet of total floor area, other than areas meeting the requirements for a restaurant | 1.2 employees | |
7. | Bowling alley | 2 per lane plus 2 per pool table | 1.2 employees | |
8. | Bus station, intercity | 5 per loading/unloading stall for buses | employee | |
9. | Car wash | 2 per washing lane or stall, which may be located in drying or vacuuming areas | 1.2 employees | |
10. | Financial institution (includes bank) | 1 per 200 square feet of floor area accessible to customers, plus 3 convenient spaces for each automatic banking transaction machine | employee | |
11. | Funeral home | 1 per 5 seats in rooms intended to be in use at one time for visitors | employee | |
12. | Golf driving range | 1 per tee | 1.2 employees | |
13. | Miniature golf | 2 per hole | 1.2 employees | |
14. | Golf course | 3 per hole (plus spaces required for any membership club building or restaurant) | 1.2 employees | |
15. | Ice skating/roller skating | 1 per 200 square feet of floor area accessible to users | 1.2 employees | |
16. | Haircutting/hairstyling | 2 per customer seat used for haircutting, hairstyling, hair washing, manicuring or similar work | 1.2 employees | |
17. | Hotel or motel | 1 per rental unit plus 1 per 4 seats in any meeting room (plus any required by any restaurant) | 1.2 employees | |
18. | Laundromat | 1 per 3 washing machines | on-site employee | |
19. | Offices or clinic, medical/dental | 6 per physician and 4 per dentist | 1.2 employees | |
20. | Office building primarily intended to include medical/dental offices | Requirements shall be split proportionally between No. 19 and No. 21, based upon estimate of expected types of tenants | (Note — employee parking for business offices are already considered in the square footage requirement.) | |
21. | Offices, other than Nos. 19 or 20 above (minimum of 3 per establishment) | 1 per 225 square feet of total floor area accessible to people or 0.95 per employee, whichever is greater | (Note — employee parking for business offices are already considered in the square footage requirement.) | |
22. | Personal service use, other than haircutting/hairstyling (minimum of 2 per establishment) | 1 per 150 square feet of floor area accessible to customers | employee | |
23. | Indoor recreation (other than bowling alley), membership club or exercise club | 1 per 200 square feet of floor area other than racquetball courts accessible to customers/members plus parking required by any additional use (such as restaurant) plus 2 spaces per racquetball court | employee | |
24. | Outdoor recreation (other than uses specifically listed in this table) | 1 per 3 persons of capacity (50% may be on grass overflow areas with major driveways in gravel) | 1.2 employees | |
25. | Restaurant | 1 per 3 seats | 1.2 employees | |
26. | Retail sales (other than types separately listed) or shopping center (minimum of 5 per establishment, except 10 per video rental store) | 1 per 175 square feet of floor area of rooms accessible to customers, except 1 per 225 square feet of total leasable floor area if such is greater than 20,000 square feet | (Note — employee parking is already considered in the square footage requirement.) | |
27. | Retail sales of only furniture, lumber, carpeting, bedding or floor covering | 1 per 400 square feet of floor area accessible to customers | (Note — employee parking is already considered in the square footage requirement.) | |
28. | Tavern or nightclub | 1 per 30 square feet of total floor area | 1.2 employees | |
29. | Theater or auditorium | 1 per 4 seats, 1/2 of which may be met by convenient parking shared with other business uses on the same lot that are typically not routinely open beyond 9:30 p.m. | 1.2 employees | |
30. | Veterinarian office | 5 per veterinarian | employee | |
E. | Industrial Uses: All industrial uses (including warehousing, distribution, truck terminals and manufacturing) | In addition to parking or storage needed for maximum number of vehicles stored, displayed or based at the lot at any point in time, which spaces are not required to meet the stall size and aisle width requirements of this Chapter: 1 per 1.2 employee, based upon the maximum number of employees on site at peak period of times (including any overlapping shifts) plus one (1) ten-foot by eighty-foot (10' x 80') truck staging parking space for every two (2) loading docks | 1 visitor space for every 10 managers on the site | |
Self-Storage Development | 1 per 15 storage units | employee | ||
§ 27-602 General Regulations for Off-Street Parking.
[Ord. 9-94, 4/7/1994, § 602]
1.
General. Parking spaces and accessways shall be laid out to result in safe and orderly use and to fully take into account all of the following: vehicular access onto and off the site, vehicular movement within the site, loading areas, pedestrian patterns and any drive-through facilities. No parking area shall cause a safety hazard or impediment to traffic off the lot.
2.
Existing Parking. Any parking spaces serving such preexisting structures or uses at the time of adoption of this Chapter shall not in the future be reduced in number below the number required by this Chapter.
3.
Change in Use or Expansion. A structure or use in existence at the effective date of this Chapter that expands or significantly changes in use that of an existing principal building shall be required to provide all of the required parking for the entire size and type of the resulting use, except as follows:
A.
If the use expands in total building floor area by an aggregate total maximum of 5% in the applicable measurement (such as building floor area) beyond what existed at the time of adoption of this Chapter, then no additional parking is required.
B.
If the expansion of the use would increase the number of required parking spaces by less than 20 spaces beyond what was required by the previous size, then an applicant may choose to only add the spaces required by the expansion.
C.
If the change in use would increase the number of required parking spaces by less than 20 spaces beyond what was required by the previous use, then an applicant may choose to only add the additional number of spaces required by the new use compared to the previous use.
4.
Continuing Obligation of Parking and Loading Spaces. All required numbers of parking spaces and off-street loading spaces shall be available as long as the use or building which the spaces serve still exist, and such spaces shall not be reduced in number below the minimum required by this Chapter. No required parking area or off-street loading spaces shall be used for any other use (such as storage or display of materials) that interferes with the area's availability for parking.
5.
Location of Parking. Required off-street parking spaces shall be on the same lot or abutting lot with the principal use served, unless the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Officer that a permanent method of providing the spaces is available, using area of a lot within 250 feet of the entrance of the principal use being served.
§ 27-603 Design Standards for Off-Street Parking.
[Ord. 9-94, 4/7/1994, § 603; as amended by Ord. 00-4, 10/19/2000, § 2 and by Ord. 2003-4, 6/18/2003, § 2]
1.
General Requirements.
A.
No parking area shall be designed to require or encourage parked vehicles to back into a public street in order to leave a parking space, except for a single-family or two-family dwelling with its access onto a local street or parking court.
B.
Every required parking space shall be designed so that each motor vehicle may proceed to and from the parking space provided for it without requiring the moving of any other vehicle.
C.
Parking areas shall not be within any of the following: a required buffer yard, a future or existing street right-of-way or a required paved area setback.
D.
Defined Trafficways. All parking areas shall include clearly defined and marked traffic patterns. In any lot with more than 30 off-street parking spaces, raised curbs and landscaped areas shall be used to direct traffic within the lot. Major vehicular routes shall be separated as much as is reasonable from major pedestrian routes within the lot.
E.
Separation From Street. All areas for off-street parking, off-street loading and unloading and the storage or movement of motor vehicles shall be physically separated from the street by a raised curb, planting strip, wall or other suitable barrier against unchanneled motor vehicle entrance or exit, except for necessary and approved vehicle entrances and exits to the lot. All commercial and industrial parking areas approved after the adoption of this Chapter shall be separated from the street by a grass or landscaped strip of land. See Subsection 7 of § 27-603.
F.
Stacking and Obstructions.
(1)
Each lot shall provide adequate area upon the lot to prevent backup of vehicles on a public street while awaiting entry to the lot or while waiting for service at a drive-through facility.
(2)
Speed bumps, gates and guard sheds and other traffic control devices shall not be located where they will cause traffic to back up onto a public street.
(3)
Provide amenities within the warehouse structures, such as, but not limited to, a lounge for the operators of tractor/trailer motor vehicles, rest room facilities and the dispensing of food and beverages. The size of the lounge shall have a proportionate relationship with the number of loading docks provided for the warehouse operation which shall equate to 10% of the number of loading docks but, in any event, no less of an area needed to accommodate five seats. This lounge area facility shall be in addition to similar facilities provided for on-site employees.
(4)
There shall be at least one twelve-foot by eighty-foot parking space for each required seat in the lounge area, as provided in Subsection 1F(3) above in addition to any other required parking or loading areas. These parking spaces shall be in a separately defined area located in close proximity to the said lounge.
G.
Shopping Cart Corrals. If shopping carts are allowed to be taken into parking areas, then appropriate enclosures shall be provided at convenient locations within the parking areas to corral the carts.
2.
Size and Marking of Parking Spaces. Each parking space shall be a rectangle with a minimum width of nine feet and a minimum length of 18 feet, except:
A.
The minimum length shall be 22 feet for parallel parking.
B.
If a lot includes more than 100 parking spaces, a maximum of 15 of the required spaces may be a rectangle with a minimum width of nine feet and a minimum length of 16 feet, provided that those spaces are marked as "Compact Cars Only" and provided that those spaces are distributed in different portions of the lot and do not include the most desirable spaces in the lot. ("Compact cars" are intended to be those having a length of 15 feet or less.)
C.
All spaces shall be marked to indicate their location, except those of a single-family or two-family dwelling.
D.
If a parking area is permitted to not be paved, then a minimum width of 10 feet per space shall be used.
3.
Aisles.
A.
Each aisle providing access to stalls for one-way traffic only shall be at least the minimum aisle width specified as follows:
B.
Each aisle providing access to stalls for two-way traffic shall be at least 24 feet in width, except a width of 20 feet may be allowed for: areas of parking that are clearly primarily for employees or parking areas with spaces that are parallel or involve an angle of parking of 45° or less.
C.
Maximum length of parking aisle: 250 feet.
4.
Access Drives and Driveways.
A.
Width and Location of Driveway/Access Drive.[1]
[Amended by Ord. No. 2021-12, 11/4/2021; and by Ord. No. 2023-11, 10/5/2023]
[1]
Editor's Note: Unless a different standard is required by PennDOT for an entrance to a state road.
B.
Maximum Grades of Driveway. See the Township Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance [§ 633(5) as of 1993] (Chapter 22).
C.
Drainage. Adequate provisions shall be made to maintain uninterrupted parallel drainage along a public street at the point of driveway or access drive entry.
D.
Separation Between Driveways. At least 80 feet shall be provided between the center lines of any two accessways or driveways along one street within one lot.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Former Subsection 4E, Separation from intersection, which immediately followed this subsection, was deleted by Ord. 2003-4, 6/18/2003, which also renumbered former Subsections F and G as E and F, respectively.
E.
State Permit. Where there will be new or intensified access to a State street or other work within the right-of-way of a State street, a State highway occupancy permit shall be obtained, as applicable.
5.
Paving, Grading and Drainage.
A.
Parking and loading facilities and including driveways shall be graded and adequately drained to prevent erosion or excessive water flow across streets or adjoining properties.
B.
Except for landscaped areas, all portions of required parking, loading facilities and driveways shall be surfaced with asphalt or concrete, except that portions or all of parking areas may be left in grass or gravel where the applicant proves to the full satisfaction of the Zoning Officer that the nature and extent of the use of the parking area would not cause any need for paving and dust will be adequately controlled on any gravel areas.
7.
Paved Area Setbacks (including off-street parking setbacks).
A.
Intent. To ensure that parked or moving vehicles within a lot do not obstruct sight distance or interfere with pedestrian traffic, to aid in stormwater management along streets, and to prevent vehicles from entering or exiting a lot other than at approved driveways.
B.
Uses Within the Paved Area Setback.
(1)
The paved area setback required by this Section, together with any existing or established future street right-of-way area that is not used as a cartway, street shoulder or on-street parking, shall be maintained in natural ground cover (such as grass) and shall not be used for any of the following:
C.
Width of Paved Area and Parking Setbacks.
(1)
In all residential districts, driveways and parking areas shall be set back 20 feet from an existing street right-of-way and five feet from all other lot lines, except where applicable buffer yard provisions require a greater distance.
(2)
In the LI and LI(L) Districts, parking areas including five or more spaces, off-street loading areas and internal driveways (other than perpendicular crossings) shall be set back a minimum of 50 feet from an existing street right-of-way and 20 feet from any other lot line, unless a larger distance is required by applicable buffer yard provisions.
(3)
In any district other than a residential district and other than the LI or LI(L) Districts, parking areas including five or more spaces, off-street loading areas and internal driveways shall be set back a minimum of 25 feet from an existing street right-of-way and from all abutting residential lot lines, unless a larger distance is required by applicable buffer yard provisions.
(4)
Any entrance and exit driveways serving five or more parking spaces or a loading dock shall be set back a minimum of 20 feet from an abutting residential lot line, unless the Board of Supervisors approves a closer location for traffic safety purposes.
(5)
Within the HC, NC, LI(L), GI and RT Districts, the Board of Supervisors, at its discretion, as a conditional use, may approve the waiving of paving setbacks along side or rear lot lines for the shared use of interconnecting driveways and parking areas. Where such is permitted, all other applicable Township ordinance requirements shall be met and joint use and maintenance agreements to ensure proper access and operation shall be required.
E.
Paving/Parking Setback from Buildings.
(1)
All paved areas shall be set back a minimum of five feet from the exterior structural walls of any commercial or industrial building. This setback shall not apply to the following: concrete sidewalks; paved walkways to reach doors; driveways entering a garage, interior parking, loading/unloading area, vehicle service bay or carport; or drive-through pickup windows. This setback is intended to allow sufficient area for firefighting, sidewalks and foundation landscaping, and to provide safety against vehicles hitting walls.
8.
Paved Area Landscaping (Parking Lot Trees). The requirements of the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance (Chapter 22) shall apply. Such landscaping requirements shall also apply to any expansion of more than one acre in paved area, regardless of whether such expansion would be part of a subdivision or land development.
10.
Handicapped Parking.
A.
Number of Spaces. Any lot including four or more off-street parking spaces shall include a minimum of one handicapped space. The following number of handicapped spaces shall be provided, unless a revised regulation is officially established under the federal Americans With Disabilities Act:
Total Number of Required Parking Spaces on the Lot | Required Minimum Number or Percent of Handicapped Parking Spaces | |
|---|---|---|
4 to 25 | 1 | |
26 to 50 | 2 | |
51 to 75 | 3 | |
76 to 100 | 4 | |
101 to 150 | 5 | |
151 to 200 | 6 | |
201 to 300 | 7 | |
301 to 400 | 8 | |
401 to 500 | 9 | |
501 to 1,000 | 2% of required number of spaces | |
1,001 or more | 20 plus 1% of required number of spaces over 1,000 |
B.
Location. Handicapped parking spaces shall be located where they would result in the shortest reasonable accessible distance to a handicapped-accessible building entrance. Curb cuts shall be provided as needed to provide access from the handicapped spaces.
C.
Minimum Size. Each required handicapped parking space shall be 18 feet by 18 feet. In addition, each space shall be adjacent to a five-foot-wide access aisle. Such access aisle may be shared by two handicapped spaces by being placed between them. However, one out of every eight required handicapped parking spaces shall have an adjacent access aisle of eight feet width instead of five feet.
D.
Slope. Handicapped parking spaces shall be located in areas of less than six-percent slope in any direction.
E.
Marking. All required handicapped spaces shall be well-marked by clearly visible signs or pavement markings. Blue paint is recommended.
§ 27-604 Parking and Storage of Junk and Unregistered Vehicles.
[Ord. 9-94, 4/7/1994, § 604]
1.
Purpose. To prevent the character of residential areas from being harmed by nuisances, hazards and visual blight, and to prevent the establishment of junkyards in residential districts.
2.
Storage of Unregistered/Junk Vehicles.
A.
On lots of less than two acres in a residential district, a maximum of one "unregistered vehicle" (as defined by Part 2), not including any "junk vehicle" (as defined by Part 2), may be stored or parked in such a way that the vehicle is not visible from a public street.
[Amended by Ord. No. 2023-05, 5/4/2023]
B.
The following shall apply on any lot other than a lot of less than two acres in a residential district: a total maximum of two unregistered vehicles or junk vehicles may be stored or parked in such a way that the vehicle is not visible from a public street.
[Amended by Ord. No. 2023-05, 5/4/2023]
§ 27-605 Off-Street Loading.
[Ord. 9-94, 4/7/1994, § 605; Ord. 2017-4, 6/1/2017; Ord. No. 2024-07, 10/3/2024]
1.
General Requirements.
A.
Each use shall provide off-street loading facilities which meet the requirements of this Section, sufficient to accommodate the maximum demand generated by the use.
B.
At the time of site plan or land development review, the applicant shall provide evidence to the Planning Commission, which may advise the Zoning Officer, on whether the use will have sufficient numbers and sizes of loading facilities. For the purposes of this Section, the words "loading" and "unloading" are used interchangeably.
2.
Design and Layout of Loading Facilities. Off-street loading facilities shall meet the following requirements:
A.
Each off-street loading space shall be at least (in feet):
Largest Type of Truck Intended | Minimum Width | Minimum Depth | |
|---|---|---|---|
Tractor-trailer | 10 | 80 | |
Trucks other than tractor-trailers, pickups or vans | 10 | 25 | |
Pickup truck or van | 9 | 18 |
B.
Each space shall have sufficient maneuvering room to avoid conflicts with parking and traffic movements within and outside of the lot. No facility shall be designed or used in such a manner that it threatens a safety hazard, public nuisance or a serious impediment to traffic off the lot.
C.
Each space and the needed maneuvering room shall be located entirely on the lot being served and be located outside of required buffer areas, paved area setbacks and street rights-of-way.
D.
An appropriate means of access to a street shall be provided.
G.
Each proposed use shall provide for the minimum number of off-street loading spaces:
Use | Gross Floor Area (square feet) | Minimum Number of Spaces | |
|---|---|---|---|
Retail, manufacturing, wholesaling, commercial, institutional, personal services, funeral homes and similar uses | Under 8,000 | 1 | |
8,000 to 40,000 | 2 | ||
40,000 to 100,000 | 3 | ||
100,000 to 250,000 | 4 | ||
Each additional 200,000 | 1 | ||
Office buildings, hotels, motels and similar uses | Under 100,000 | 1 | |
100,000 to 300,000 | 2 | ||
Over 300,000 | 3 | ||
Warehouse, distribution, truck terminals, and similar uses | Per loading dock | 1 |
3.
Fire Lanes. Fire lanes shall be provided where required by state or federal regulations or other local ordinances. The specific locations of these lanes are subject to review by Township fire officials.