Waite Hill City Zoning Code
TITLE ONE
Subdivision Controls
1105.01 DEFINITIONS.
(a) "Subdivision" means the division of a parcel of land into five or more lots or parcels for the purpose of transfer of ownership or building development, or, if a new street is involved, any division of a parcel of land. The term includes re-subdivision and, when appropriate to the context, shall relate to the process of subdividing or to the land subdivided.
(b) "Street" means a way for vehicular traffic, whether designated as a street, highway, thoroughfare, parkway, throughway, road, avenue, boulevard, lane, place or however otherwise designated.
(1) "Arterial streets and highways" means those which are used primarily for fast or heavy traffic.
(2) "Collector streets" means those which carry traffic from minor streets to the major system of arterial streets and highways, including the principal entrance streets of a residential development and streets for circulation within such a development.
(3) "Minor streets" means those which are used primarily for access to the abutting properties.
(4) "Marginal access streets" means minor streets which are parallel to and adjacent to arterial streets and highways; and which provide access to abutting properties and protection from through traffic.
(c) "Planning Commission" means the Village of Waite Hill Planning and Zoning Commission.
(d) "Engineer" means the Village of Waite Hill Engineer. The term "Registered Professional Engineer" refers to the engineer engaged by the subdivider to prepare all the necessary plans and specifications.
(e) "Council" means the Village of Waite Hill Council.
(Ord. 1967-18. Passed 5-8-67.)
1105.02 PLAT PROCEDURES.
Without exception, the following procedure shall be followed in detail in order to obtain approval of the final plat:
(a) Pre-application Procedure.
(1) Previous to the filing of an application for conditional approval of the preliminary plat, the subdivider may, if he so desires, submit to the Planning Commission at a regularly scheduled meeting, plans and data as specified in Section 1105.05. This step does not require formal application, fee or filing of the plat with the Commission.
(2) At the next regularly scheduled meeting, the Commission shall inform the subdivider that the plans and data as submitted or as modified do or do not meet the objectives of these regulations. When the Commission finds the plans and data do not meet the objectives of these regulations it shall express its reasons therefor.
(b) Conditional Approval of Preliminary Plat.
(1) On reaching conclusions, informally as recommended in subsection (a) hereof, regarding the subdivider's general program and objectives, the subdivider shall cause to be prepared a preliminary plat, together with improvement plans and other supplementary material as specified in Section 1105.05.
(2) Five copies of the preliminary plat and supplementary material specified shall be submitted to the Commission at a regularly scheduled meeting with written application for conditional approval at least ten days prior to the meeting at which it is to be considered.
(3) Following:
A. Review of the preliminary plat and other material submitted for conformity thereof to these regulations and review of the preliminary plat by the Lake County Sanitary Engineer and the Lake County Board of Health for their approval;
B. Negotiations with the subdivider on changes deemed advisable and the kind and extent of improvements to be made by the subdivider;
and
C. Review and approval of the preliminary plat by the Engineer.
The Commission shall, at or before the second subsequent regularly scheduled meeting, act thereon as submitted, or modified, and if approved, the Commission shall express its approval as conditional approval and state the conditions of such approval, if any, or if disapproved, shall express its disapproval and its reasons therefor.
(4) The action of the Commission shall be noted on two copies of the preliminary plat, referenced and attached to any conditions determined. One copy shall be returned to the subdivider and the other retained by the Commission.
(5) Conditional approval of a preliminary plat shall not constitute approval of the final plat (subdivision plat). Rather, it shall be deemed an expression of approval to the layout submitted on the preliminary plat as a guide to the preparation of the final plat which shall be submitted for approval of the Commission and for recording upon fulfillment of the requirements of these regulations and any conditions of the conditional approval.
(c) Approval of Final Plat.
(1) The final plat shall conform substantially to the preliminary plat as approved, and, if desired by the subdivider, it may constitute only that portion of the approved preliminary plat which it is proposed to record and develop at the time, provided, however that such portion conforms to all requirements of these regulations.
(2) The final plat and written application for approval thereof shall be submitted to the Commission at least ten days before being acted upon.
(3) Five copies of the final plat and other exhibits required for approval shall be prepared as specified in Section 1105.05 and shall be submitted to the Commission at a regularly scheduled meeting within twelve months after approval of the preliminary plat: otherwise such approval shall become null and void unless an extension of time is applied for and granted by the Commission.
(4) At least ten days prior to presentation of the final plat for approval, complete detail construction plans and estimates of cost as required in Section 1105.05(c)(2) shall be presented to the Engineer for review and approval.
(5) After being acted upon by the Commission, a recommendation for approval or disapproval shall be forwarded to Council. Council at a regularly scheduled meeting shall then approve or disapprove the recommendation of the Commission.
(6) If the action by Council is for approval of the final plat, the developer shall then deliver to the Engineer the items required in Section 1105.06, together with evidence of title. If everything is satisfactory, the Village Solicitor and the Clerk of Council shall sign the final plat and it may then be recorded.
(7) A copy of the final plat as recorded shall be filed with the Engineer.
(8) Final "as built plans" shall be filed with the Engineer.
(Ord.1967-18. Passed 5-8-67.)
1105.03 PLATTING CRITERIA.
All of the following conditions, as well as pertinent zoning regulations shall govern the preparation of all plans and data required by these regulations:
(a) Streets.
(1) The arrangement, character, extent, width and location of all streets shall conform to the Master Road and Land Use Plans, and shall be considered in their relation to existing and planned streets, to topographical conditions, to public convenience and safety, and in their appropriate relation to the proposed uses of the land to be served by such streets.
(2) Where such is not shown in the Master Road and Land Use Plans, the arrangement of streets in a subdivision shall either:
A. Provide for the continuation or appropriate projection of existing principal streets in surrounding areas; or
B. Conform to a plan for the neighborhood approved or adopted by the Planning Commission to meet a particular situation where topographical or other conditions make continuance or conformance to existing streets impracticable.
(3) Minor streets shall be so laid out that their use by through traffic shall be discouraged.
(4) Where a subdivision abuts or contains an existing or proposed arterial street, the Commission may require marginal access streets, reverse frontage with screen planting contained in a non-access reservation along the rear property line, deep lots with rear service alleys or such other treatment as may be necessary for adequate protection of residential properties and to afford separation of through and local traffic.
(5) Reserve strips controlling access to streets shall be permitted only where their control is definitely placed in the Village under conditions approved by the Commission.
(6) Intersection jogs with centerline offsets of less than 125 feet shall be avoided.
(7) Wherever possible, a tangent at least fifty feet long shall be introduced between reverse curves on all streets.
(8) All horizontal deflections in the alignment of streets shall be connected by a circular curve as follows:
Total Deflection Angle | Minimum Centerline Radius (feet) |
0° to 30° incl. | 250 |
On arterial or collector streets, or under certain other special conditions, a greater radius may be required by the Commission.
(9) Streets shall be laid out so as to intersect as nearly as possible at right angles and no street shall intersect any other street at less than seventy-five degrees (75°).
(10) Property lines at street intersections shall be rounded with a radius of twenty feet, or of a greater radius where the Commission may deem it necessary. The Commission may permit comparable cut-offs or chords in place of rounded corners.
(11) Street right-of-way widths shall be as shown in the Master Road and Land Use Plans and where not shown therein shall be not less than as follows:
Street Type | Minimum Right-of-Way (feet) |
Collector | 70 |
Minor | 60 |
Marginal Access | 40 |
(12) Half streets shall be prohibited, except where essential to the reasonable development of the subdivision in conformity with the other requirements of these regulations; and where the Commission finds it will be practicable to require the dedication of the other half when the adjoining property is subdivided. Wherever a half street is adjacent to a tract to be subdivided, the other half of the street shall be platted and dedicated within such tract.
(13) Unless otherwise specifically authorized, permanent dead-end streets shall not be longer than 500 feet and shall be provided at the closed end with a turn-around having an outside roadway diameter of at least eighty feet and a street property line diameter of at least 100 feet, with turnout radii of fifty feet.
(14) No street names shall be used which will duplicate or be confused with the names of existing streets in the Village. Street names shall be subject to the approval of the Commission.
(b) Easements.
(1) Easements across lots or centered on rear or side lot lines shall be provided for utilities where necessary and shall be ten feet wide or more, depending on the proposed usage.
(2) Where a subdivision is traversed by a water course, drainage way, channel, storm conduit or stream there shall be provided a storm water easement or drainage right-of-way conforming substantially with the lines of such water course and such further width or construction, or both, as shall be adequate for the purpose. Parallel streets or parkways may be required in connection therewith.
(c) Blocks.
(1) The lengths, widths and shapes of blocks shall be determined with due regard to:
A. Provision of adequate building sites suitable to the special needs of the type of use contemplated;
B. Zoning requirements as to lot sizes and dimensions;
C. Needs for convenient access, circulation, control and safety of street traffic; and
D. Limitations and opportunities of topography.
(d) Lots.
(1) The lot size, width, depth, shape and orientation, and the minimum building setback lines shall conform to the Zoning Ordinance of the Village for the location of the subdivision and for the type of development and use contemplated.
(2) Corner lots for residential use shall have extra width to permit appropriate building setback from and orientation to both streets.
(3) Double frontage, and reverse frontage lots, should be avoided except where essential to provide separation of residential development from traffic arteries or to overcome specific disadvantages of topography and orientation. A planting screen easement of at least ten feet, and across which there shall be no right-of-access, shall be provided along the line of lots abutting such a traffic artery or other disadvantageous use.
(e) Public Sites and Open Spaces.
(1) Where a proposed park, playground, school or other public use shown in the Master Road and Land Use Plans is located in whole or in part in a subdivision, the Commission may require the dedication of such area, or such use of the area, within the subdivision in those cases in which the Commission deems such requirements to be reasonable.
(Ord. 1967-18. Passed 5-8-67.)
1105.04 REQUIRED IMPROVEMENTS.
Provisions shall be made for the construction of improvements as hereinafter required for all streets proposed to be dedicated in order to obtain approval of the final plat:
(a) Water. Adequate public water service shall be provided for each parcel of and to be occupied by a residential unit.
(1) All water mains in public thoroughfares shall be of a minimum diameter of six inches.
(2) All water mains and appurtenances shall be constructed in accordance with rules, standards and specifications of the Ohio Water Service Company and shall be reviewed, tested and approved by such Company before acceptance by the Village.
(3) In general, the maximum spacing of hydrants shall be 500 feet in residential areas and a maximum spacing of 300 feet in other areas.
(4) In general, service connections shall be provided for each proposed consumer at the time the water main is constructed. Service connections shall terminate seven feet within the right-of-way lines. Service lines shall have a minimum of four feet of cover.
(5) Plans for the construction of water mains, services and appurtenances shall be submitted to and approved by the Ohio Water Service Company and the Lake County Sanitary Engineer prior to submittal for approval by the Village.
(b) Sanitary Sewage and Sewerage. Each residential, commercial or industrial unit shall be serviced by an adequate sanitary sewage collection and disposal system. Individual household sewage disposal systems may be allowed, but only with the approval of the Lake County Board of Health.
(1) In general, all sanitary sewage collection and disposal systems shall be constructed in accordance with the rules, regulations and specifications of the Lake County Sanitary Engineer, the Lake County Board of Health and the Ohio Department of Health.
(2) Individual household sewage disposal systems shall be permitted and constructed by and in accordance with the rules, regulations and specifications of the Lake County Board of Health, except that the Village reserves the right to review and approve or disallow the installation of any such individual household system.
(3) All public sanitary sewers shall be eight inches in diameter or larger, constructed at such a gradient as to maintain a minimum velocity of flow of two feet per second or greater when flowing at fifty percent (50%) capacity using Kutter's "n" value of 0.013. All sewers shall be designed and installed so that at maximum rate of flow, the flow shall not exceed seventy percent (70%) of absolute theoretical capacity.
(4) After construction and cleaning, all main sewers including the manholes, laterals and house connections, shall undergo an infiltration or exfiltration test. The controlling water level shall not be less than three feet above the top of the pipe or the ground water table at the upper end of the section being tested. The maximum allowable rate of infiltration or exfiltration shall not exceed 400 gallons/inch diameter/mile of sewer/day.
(5) All service connections to public sanitary sewers shall be six inches in diameter or larger with a minimum slope of one-eighth inch per lineal foot of pipe, and shall extend from the main sewer to the limits of the dedicated right-of-way. The last two bell ends and the stopper for each connection shall be painted yellow for purposes of identification.
(6) Unless otherwise specifically authorized, the minimum depth of the invert of the sanitary sewer connection at the right-of-way line shall be six feet below the established center line grade of the pavement.
(7) In general, sanitary manholes shall be constructed at all changes in alignment and grade of the sewer, and at maximum intervals of 350 feet on sewers to twenty-four inches diameter and at maximum intervals of 450 feet on sewers over twenty-four inch diameter.
(8) Plans for the construction of sewage collection and disposal systems shall be submitted to and approved by the Lake County Sanitary Engineer, the Lake County Board of Health and the Ohio Department of Health, prior to submittal for approval by the Village.
(c) Storm Drains. An adequate storm drainage system shall be constructed for each subdivision. Where new streets are dedicated, the storm drainage system shall consist of a system of road and surface drainage or underground conduits which provide adequate runoff for all adjacent premises and for road drainage as shall be determined necessary by the Planning and Zoning Commission after consultation and in conformity with the recommendations of the Village Engineer.
(1) All public storm conduits shall be a minimum of twelve inches in diameter and constructed at such a gradient as to maintain a minimum velocity of flow of two feet per second or greater when flowing at fifty percent (50%) capacity.
(2) All service connections to public storm conduits shall be six inches in diameter or larger, and shall extend from the main conduit to the limits of the dedicated right-of-way. Downspouts from structures shall not be connected to the curb.
(3) Unless otherwise specifically authorized, the minimum depth of the invert of the storm service connection at the right-of-way line shall be six feet below the established center line grade of the pavement.
(4) When grate type inlets are used:
A. Slots shall run parallel to the direction of the flow;
B. Slots shall be at least twelve inches long; and
C. Areas of opening shall be at least fifty percent (50%) of the area of the grate.
(5) All areas which contribute or may contribute storm water, either in conduits or by overland flow, to the proposed storm drainage system shall be considered in the determination of the size of the proposed storm conduits or channels.
(6) The design and construction of all storm drainage systems shall be correlated with the Master Storm Drainage Plan of the Village.
(d) Pavements. All streets shall be improved with pavement having a width of not less than twenty feet, except minor streets having a length of less than 750 feet which do not presently or under the Village Comprehensive Plan will not connect with or provide access to or from more than one arterial, collector or marginal street, in which case the improved pavement shall be not less than eighteen feet in width, constructed in accordance with State of Ohio Department of Highway construction and material specifications in force at the time of construction.
(1) Minimum requirements shall be as set forth in the following schedules, the items referred to being those presently prescribed by the State of Ohio Department of Highway construction and material specifications:
Subgrade: | Item 203. |
Aggregate Base: | Minimum of eight inches; Item 304. |
Asphalt Intermediate Course: | Item 403. |
Asphaltic Concrete Surface: | Item 404; slope one-fourth inch per one foot from center to each side. |
Berm: | Each side minimum six feet width, except minor streets having a length of less than 750 feet which do not presently or under the Village Comprehensive Plan will not connect with or provide access to or from more than one arterial, collector or marginal access street, in which case the berm shall be not less than six feet on each side, of stabilized crushed stone; Item 411; slope one- half inch per foot. |
(2) At all intersections, the pavements shall be joined by a circular curve or "turnout" of a minimum radius of thirty-two and one-half feet, measured to the outside of the pavement. It is recommended that wherever feasible, the radius point of the pavement turnout be made coincident with that of the right-of-way.
(3) Pavement gradients shall not exceed seven percent (7%), with due allowance for reasonable vertical curves to insure a minimum sight distance of 500 feet.
(4) No pavement grade shall be less than four-tenths of one percent (0.40%) and changes of gradient of one percent (1%) or more shall be connected by a vertical curve.
(5) Approved monument boxes and monuments shall be installed at all points of intersection and change of alignment in the center lines of streets under the direction and responsibility of a Registered Surveyor.
(e) Grading. Each residential lot or parcel shall be so graded as to allow no ponding whatsoever of any surface water.
(1) Wherever feasible, grading shall be accomplished in such fashion that all surface water shall drain into inlets constructed within limits of the right-of- way.
(2) Where necessary, inlets and conduits draining into storm conduits shall be constructed in areas outside the limits of the right-of-way.
(3) The methods outlined in subsections (e)(1) and (2) hereof, are not to be construed as to prohibit any drainage, wherever feasible, into natural or constructed drainage channels.
(4) Particular attention shall be given all grading so as to avoid any ponding on or excessive runoff to contiguous property of any surface water, both during and subsequent to the period of construction.
(f) General Requirements.
(1) Unless specifically waived by the Village, all utilities and improvements constructed shall terminate only at the end of all streets proposed to be dedicated or on easements beyond such point, with the provision for necessary future extensions.
(2) Unless specifically waived by the Commission, all electrical and telephone lines shall be constructed and installed underground.
(3) Wherever feasible, all principal trenches for underground utilities shall be constructed outside of future paved roadways.
(Ord. 1970-8. Passed 2-9-70.)
1105.05 PLATS, PLANS AND DATA REQUIRED.
Plats, plans and data shall be submitted to the Village for review and approval, or conditional approval, subject to the following requirements and in accordance with the procedures outlined in Section 1105.02.
(a) Preapplication of Plats and Data. As part of the preapplication procedure, the following plats should be submitted.
(1) General subdivision information, including data on existing covenants, land characteristics, available public facilities and utilities, and any information describing the proposed subdivision, such as number of residential lots, typical lot width and depth, type and price range of proposed dwellings, business area, playgrounds, park or recreation areas, and such other designations necessary to show complete usage of the entire tract, proposed protective covenants and all proposed improvements.
(2) Location map showing relationship of the proposed subdivision to existing community facilities which serve or influence the subdivision of the tract, including the development name and location, main traffic arteries, shopping centers, elementary and high schools, park and recreation areas, churches, title, scale, north arrow and date.
(3) One or more sketches of possible methods of subdividing the tract, based on a topographic map with a maximum contour interval of five feet where slope exceeds ten percent (10%) and two feet where slope is ten percent (10%) or less, and of sufficient detail as to show prominent terrain and other features which would tend to influence the pattern of the subdivision. Such plans may be in the form of freehand pencil sketches made directly on reproduced prints of the topographic map, or one or more pencil sketches on transparent paper which may be overlaid on the topographic map.
(b) Plats, Plans and Data to be Submitted for Conditional Approval of Preliminary Plat. In order to obtain approval or conditional approval of the preliminary plat, five copies of the following plat, plans and data shall be submitted for review:
(1) A map prepared by a registered surveyor and based upon dimensions of record or a physical survey of an accuracy commensurate with the scale of such map, showing in complete detail all of the proposed subdivision and the proposed usage or disposition of all land within the tract, in order to ascertain full compliance with the provisions of the platting criteria set forth in Section 1105.03, and on which is indicated all pertinent zoning and all subdivision, usage and ownership of contiguous property;
(2) The map showing all of the information required by subsection (b)(1) hereof, shall be superimposed on a single drawing which indicates in complete detail all of the topography and other information necessary to prepare complete detailed plans for all of the improvements required by Section 1105.04;
(3) A plan prepared by a Registered Professional Engineer showing in plan view only, the location and extent of all public utilities proposed to be constructed, including water mains, sanitary sewers, storm conduits or channels, sanitary disposal facilities or outlets, pavements by width and type, approximate gradients and elevations of each, together with the Registered Professional Engineer's Certified Estimate of Cost of Construction of each of the above improvements;
(4) If convenient, all of the above information shall be shown on a single drawing, but in any event, the scale of both of the required exhibits shall be of identical scale and similar format; such scale to be not less than one inch to 100 feet and the format not larger than twenty-four inches by thirty- six inches;
(5) All elevations shown on all maps or plans shall be based on mean sea level datum as established by survey or levels from bench marks established by the Village; and
(6) Written applications, including all of the following: evidence of ownership, with names and addresses of owners and a draft of protective covenants, whereby the subdivider proposes to regulate the land use in the subdivision and otherwise protect the proposed development. Unless the entire tract is to be developed in a single operation, a general statement by the subdivider outlining the proposed stages and schedule of final platting.
(c) Plats, Plans and Data to be Submitted for Approval of Final Plat. In order to obtain approval of the final plat, five copies of the following plat plans and data shall be submitted for review:
(1) The final plat to be recorded shall be drawn with India ink on tracing cloth, conforming to requirements of the Lake County Recorder as to format, and upon which shall be included all of the statements and information required by law to insure the compliance of such plat with intent and conditions of the conditional approval of the preliminary plat prepared and certified by a Registered Surveyor;
(2) Completely detailed plans for the construction of all improvements contemplated by the conditional approval of the preliminary plat to completely improve all of the land included on the final plat and detailed estimate of quantities and cost of such construction, all prepared and certified by a Registered Professional Engineer;
(3) Protective covenants as may be required in form for recording;
(4) Such other bonds, fees, certificates, guarantee of title, affidavits and endorsements as may be required in the enforcement of these regulations. (Ord. 1967-18. Passed 5-8-67.)
1105.06 DEPOSITS, BONDS AND INSURANCE.
The subdivider may receive approval and acceptance of the plat provided the following conditions are met:
(a) The subdivider shall deposit a cash security with a local bank or savings and loan association in the amount of one hundred percent (100%) of the estimated cost of the improvements, such as storm sewers, sanitary sewers, water lines, pavements, sidewalks, etc., including the cost of maintaining such improvements until acceptance of such improvement by the Village. The local bank or savings and loan association shall be directed to pay out portions of the cash security towards the completion of such improvements only with the approval of the Village Engineer, who may require a balance to be maintained which in his opinion, is sufficient to complete such improvements in accordance with the plans and specifications of the Village and shall authorize the release of any balance to the subdivider only upon acceptance of such improvements by Council.
In the event such improvements are not constructed and not maintained, the Village shall have the option after thirty days written notice to the subdivider to complete and maintain such improvements and to collect and receive from the local bank or savings and loan association, any remaining balance of such deposit to be applied toward payment of costs add expenses of completing such improvements; or
(b) The subdivider may petition the Village to construct such improvements and assess the total against the benefitted lots. This procedure may be followed upon condition that the subdivider furnishes the Village with a bond, with surety to the satisfaction of the Village, guaranteeing the payment of the assessments as they fall due. Such bond may provide that as houses are constructed and sold to the individual owners the amount of the bond shall be reduced not more than once each year in proportion to the amount of the assessment against such lot. When houses have been completely constructed on seventy-five percent (75%) of the lots the bond shall be released; or
(c) The subdivider may furnish corporate surety bonds in the principal amount of the estimated cost of such improvements with surety, to the satisfaction of the Village, in such form as is approved by the Solicitor, guaranteeing completion and maintenance for a period of one year after construction is complete, of such improvements according to plans, profiles and specifications and to the satisfaction of the Village Engineer. Such bond shall remain in effect until such improvements have been completed and maintained as provided in these regulations and until released by resolution of Council. Such bond shall provide that upon default of performance by the subdivider the Village may complete the same after thirty days written notice. Such bond shall not be released until full performance.
(d) (EDITOR'S NOTE: This subsection was repealed by Ordinance 1996-8, passed May 13,1996.)
(e) In addition to the foregoing, a policy of indemnity insurance in the amount of five hundred thousand dollars/one million dollars ($500,000)/($1,000,000), personal liability per occurrence and one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) property damage insurance per occurrence insuring the Village against any claims for damage to person or property resulting from or by reason of the construction and maintenance of the above mentioned improvements shall be furnished to the Village and maintained in force by the subdivider. The insurance policy shall remain in full force and effect until all improvements are completed and maintained to the satisfaction of Council.
(Ord. 1967-18. Passed 5-8-67.)
1105.07 FEES.
The following schedule of fees is hereby established relative to the proposed subdivision of lands and improvements required under subdivision regulations.
(a) Preliminary Plat, Detailed Plans and Final Plat Review and Approval.
Number of Lots on Preliminary Plat | Amount of Fee |
5 - 10 | $50.00 |
11 - 15 | 55.00 |
16 - 20 | 60.00 |
21 - 25 | 62.50 |
26 - 30 | 65.00 |
31 - 35 | 67.50 |
36 - 40 | 70.00 |
41 - 45 | 72.50 |
46 - 50 | 75.00 |
51 - 75 | 75.00 plus |
1.00 per lot in excess of 50 | |
76 - 100 | 100.00 plus |
.75 per lot in excess of 75 | |
over 100 | 120.00 plus |
.50 per lot in excess of 100 | |
(b) (EDITOR'S NOTE: This subsection was repealed by Ordinance 1996-8, passed May 13, 1996.)
1105.08 DEPOSIT.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This section was repealed by Ordinance 1996-8, passed May 13, 1996. See Chapter 1133 for relevant provisions.)