Wales Village City Zoning Code
ARTICLE V
Traffic, Loading, Parking and Access
§ 435-39 Traffic visibility.
A.
No substantial obstructions by features such as structures, vegetation, or parked automobiles shall be permitted in any zoning district between the heights of 2 1/2 feet and 10 feet above the plane through the mean curb grade or, if no curb exists, the center-line street grade adjacent to the triangular space formed by any two existing or proposed intersecting nonarterial street (collector streets and minor land access streets) right-of-way lines and a line joining points on such lines located a minimum of 30 feet from their intersection (see Illustration No. 1).[1] Necessary utility poles and traffic, directional, and street name signs approved by the public agency having jurisdiction may be permitted within such triangular areas.
[1]
Editor's Note: Illustrations are included at the end of this chapter.
B.
In the case of arterial streets intersecting other arterial streets, the corner cutoff distances establishing the triangular vision clearance space shall be at least 60 feet on the arterial streets (see Illustration No. 1).
§ 435-40 Loading space requirements.
On every lot on which a business, trade, or industrial use is hereafter established, adequate space with access to a public street shall be provided as indicated below for the loading and unloading of vehicles off the public right-of-way. At no time shall any part of a truck or van be allowed to extend into the right-of-way of a public thoroughfare while the truck or van is being loaded or unloaded.
A.
Minimum number of loading and unloading spaces required. For each 10,000 square feet of gross floor area over 3,000 square feet, a loading/unloading space shall be provided.
B.
The minimum area for each loading and unloading space, excluding the area needed to maneuver, shall be at least 10 feet wide by 25 feet long with a minimum height clearance of 14 feet, or as necessary for the anticipated vehicle size likely to be served.
§ 435-41 Parking requirements.
In all districts, off-street parking spaces for vehicles shall be provided when a building is constructed or expanded or when a use of a property has changed, regardless of the change in the intensity of use, in accordance with the following:
A.
Adequate access to a public street shall be provided for each parking space. Driveways shall be at least 12 feet wide for one- and two-family dwellings and at least 24 feet wide for all other uses, except that this width may be reduced to 14 feet for one-way-only drives. Driveway openings for vehicular ingress and egress from streets shall meet the requirements of § 435-43B.
B.
The minimum dimensions of each parking space shall be eight feet by 22 feet for parallel parking and nine feet by 18 feet for angle parking, exclusive of the space required for access drives, sometimes called "traffic aisles," and except for spaces provided for use by physically disabled persons. Parking spaces shall open directly onto a traffic aisle that is wide enough to provide safe and efficient means of vehicular access to the parking spaces. Two-way traffic aisles shall be at least 24 feet wide and one-way traffic aisles at least 14 feet wide.
C.
Parking spaces for use by physically disabled persons shall be provided in accordance with the Wisconsin Commercial Building Code, which further references and requires compliance with ICC/ANSI A117.1, the International Code Council (ICC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A117.1, Standard on Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities.[1]
D.
Location of parking spaces is to be on the same lot as the principal use. Parking spaces for business and industrial uses shall not be located in a residential district. No vehicle shall park closer than 10 feet to street right-of-way lines and all lot lines, except those provided for a residence.
E.
Surfacing. All newly constructed off-street parking areas, other than those provided for a residence, shall be surfaced with an asphalt or concrete pavement to provide a durable and dust-free surface and shall be graded and drained to dispose of all surface water. All parking areas, other than those for a residence, shall have the aisles and spaces clearly marked.
G.
Parking lot landscaping. All off-street parking areas which serve more than 20 spaces shall provide reasonably dispersed landscaped areas within the interior of the parking lot. The size of such landscaped areas shall not be less than six feet wide, and no less than nine feet wide when trees are provided. At the end of each parking bay, or row of spaces, a landscaped island of a similar dimension as a parking space shall be provided to separate the bay from driveways or traffic access aisles. The dimensions of a landscaped island may vary from the parking space dimension to provide desirable geometric design features, such as rounded corners and angles, to facilitate maneuvering of automobile traffic. Trees shall be provided at a rate of one deciduous tree at least two inches in caliper measured 4.5 feet above the ground for every 21 parking spaces and shall be located within the landscaped areas required within the interior of the parking lot.
H.
Parking and service area screening.
(1)
All parking lots, except in the A-2 Rural Home/Holding District and the single- and two- family residential districts, and loading/unloading service areas adjoining public rights-of-way or a residential district shall be screened from such areas by a solid wall, solid fence, raised berm, densely planted evergreen plants, or other effective means as determined acceptable by the Plan Commission. Where walls or fences are used, sufficient landscaping shall be provided in conjunction with such wall or fence to create an attractive view from the street or residential side. The screening between a parking lot and a street or public right-of-way shall attain a height of at least three feet measured above the parking surface within three years, with a minimum height of 18 inches at the time of installation, and may consist of a combination of landscaping materials, including fencing, walls, berms, or plantings on top of berms or in planters. The screening between a parking lot and an adjoining residential district shall be a minimum of six feet in height at the time of installation and between a loading/unloading service area and an adjoining residential district shall be a minimum of 10 feet in height. The Plan Commission may waive or reduce the screening requirement due to grade differences between adjoining properties and may require greater screening requirements for parking of large trucks, semitrailers, and large equipment and for screening overhead service doors and truck loading areas and docks.
(2)
All fencing shall be placed on the property or properties being screened and shall not project into a public right-of-way, shall not obstruct the vision clearance triangle, and shall not extend over side or rear property lines. Fences with landscaping shall be located away from property lines so that plant growth will not extend beyond property lines.
I.
Curbs or other barriers shall be installed in parking areas to prevent parked vehicles from extending over any pedestrianways, street right-way-lines, or lot lines and damaging any structures and landscaping, such as buildings, fences, walls, light poles, shrubs, or trees.
J.
Minimum number of parking spaces required. Reference to "largest shift" means the largest number of full-time and/or part-time employees present at the facility at any one time. For example, the largest work shift may be a particular day of the week or a lunch or dinner period in the case of a restaurant. Reference to "maximum capacity" means the maximum number of persons which may be accommodated by the use as determined by its design or by applicable building code regulations, whichever is greater. In the case of structures or uses not specified herein, the number of spaces specified as the general standard for the use class or the number of spaces specified for a similar use shall apply. In developments involving the establishment or addition of two or more uses on one lot or parcel, the cumulative number of spaces required for each use shall determine the total number of spaces required.
Use | Minimum Required Parking Spaces | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Residential | |||
Single-family and two-family dwellings | 2 spaces per dwelling unit | ||
Multifamily dwellings | 2 spaces per dwelling unit, plus 0.5 space per dwelling unit for guest parking | ||
Community living arrangements and community-based residential facilities (CBRF) | Based on the individual needs of the facility and as approved by the Plan Commission | ||
Retail Sales, Customer Services and Places of Entertainment | |||
General standard | 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area of customer sales and service, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Animal veterinary clinics and hospitals | 3 spaces per treatment room, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Auto body repair and motor vehicle repair, maintenance, and service stations | 5 spaces per indoor service bay, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Barbershops and beauty shops | 1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Bed-and-breakfast establishments | 1 space per guest bedroom, plus 2 spaces for the owner | ||
Convenience grocery stores | 1 space per 150 square feet of floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Car washes | 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus sufficient space for 6 waiting vehicles at each washing stall and sufficient space for drying or vacuuming 2 vehicles after each washing stall | ||
Any business or organization which provides drive-through facilities | Sufficient space for 4 waiting vehicles (not inclusive of the vehicle presently being served) at each drive-through service lane | ||
Financial institutions (banks or credit unions) | 1 space per 500 square feet of customer service floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Funeral homes | 25 spaces per chapel or viewing room | ||
General merchandise repair services other than auto repair | 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Grocery stores or supermarkets | 1 space per 150 square feet of gross floor area of customer sales and service area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Hotels and motels | 1 space per guest room or suite, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus 1 space per 3 persons, based on the maximum capacity, for each public meeting and/or banquet room | ||
Plant nurseries and garden and lawn supply sales establishments | 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area of inside sales or display, plus 1 space per 500 square feet of gross outside sales or display area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Restaurants, standard | 1 space per 150 square feet of gross dining area or 1 space per 2 seats based on the maximum capacity, whichever is greater, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Restaurants, drive-in and drive-through fast-food or pickup, with little or no seating capacity, such as takeout sandwich shop or pizza parlor | 1 space per 100 square feet of gross dining or service area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Taverns, dance halls, clubs, lounges, lodges, theaters, auditoriums, and other places of public assembly | 1 space per 2 persons based on the maximum capacity of the facility | ||
Shopping centers (gross leasable area of at least 30,000 square feet) | 5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable area | ||
Offices | |||
Medical, dental and similar professional health service offices | 3 spaces per exam and/or treatment room, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Government, professional, and business offices | 1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Recreational | |||
General standard | 1 space per 5 patrons based on the maximum capacity of the facility, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Fitness centers excluding the courts identified below which shall provide parking spaces depending on the type of court | 1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus: | ||
Tennis, racquetball, and handball courts | 3 spaces per court, plus | ||
Volleyball courts | 15 spaces per court | ||
Indoor skating rinks, ice or roller | 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area | ||
Miniature golf course | 2 spaces per hole, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Industrial and Related Uses | |||
Manufacturing, processing, and fabrication operations | 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus sufficient visitor parking spaces as determined by the Plan Commission | ||
Wholesale business | 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus 1 space per 2,500 square feet of gross floor area, plus sufficient visitor parking spaces as determined by the Plan Commission | ||
Warehousing | 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus 1 space per 5,000 square feet of gross floor area | ||
Mini warehousing | 1 space per employee on the largest shift, plus loading and access space for each storage cubicle | ||
Institutional and Related Uses | |||
Churches and other worship facilities | 1 space per 3 seats based on the maximum capacity of the facility, plus 1 space per vehicle used or stored on premises | ||
Nursing homes and assisted care facilities | 1 space per 4 patient beds, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift | ||
Schools | |||
Elementary and middle schools | During the highest class attendance period, 1 space per classroom, plus 4.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of office floor area | ||
High schools | During the highest class attendance period, 1 space per classroom, plus 4.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of office floor area, plus 1 space per 4 students over the age of 16 | ||
Preschools, children's nursery schools, and commercial child day-care centers | During the highest class attendance period, 1 space per employee, plus 1 space per 15 children | ||
K.
Uses not listed. In the case of structures or uses not mentioned, the provision for a use which is similar shall apply.
§ 435-42 Modification of parking requirements.
A.
Modifications. The Village Plan Commission may increase or decrease the parking requirements set forth in §§ 435-40 and 435-41 of this chapter when it is determined that the use will need more or fewer spaces because of the intensity of use; employees working off site; cooperative/shared parking arrangements with different peak parking demands; use of alternative transportation such as public transit, van pool operations, carpooling, and bicycles; or other evidence that indicates parking demand will be more or less than the requirements of this chapter. The petitioner shall submit written documentation and data to the satisfaction of the Plan Commission when the operation will require fewer parking spaces than the requirements of this chapter.
B.
Space to be set aside for reduced parking. In case of default, the site plan for the proposed use shall be designed to provide at least 300 square feet of open space on the subject site for each parking space not required to be constructed to accommodate the additional parking spaces otherwise required by this chapter. Sufficient open space shall be provided which, if converted to parking spaces, would provide off-street parking to meet the full requirements of this chapter at the time of application. Such open space shall not be allowed to be counted towards meeting the minimum open space requirement for a zoning district. The Plan Commission may place conditions upon the granting of reduced parking requirements and may require that the parking area not required upon the granting of the waiver be landscaped in addition to the minimum landscaping requirements.
C.
Changes in occupancy or use. When the use of a building, structure, or land is changed to another use or occupant that requires more parking spaces than required for the use existing immediately prior to such change, additional parking spaces shall be constructed for the new use or occupant in the amount necessary to conform to this chapter.
D.
Changes in intensity of use. When the intensity of use of a building, structure, or land is increased by an addition of employees, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other unit of measurement, additional parking spaces shall be constructed for such additions in the amount necessary to conform to this chapter.
§ 435-43 Driveways.
All driveways installed, altered, changed, replaced, or extended after the effective date of this chapter shall meet Chapter 195, Driveways, of the Village Code and the following requirements:
A.
Islands located between driveway openings between adjacent properties shall be at least 10 feet wide between driveway openings of such adjacent properties, and the driveway opening shall be at least five feet from all lot lines. The area between the lot line and adjacent driveway shall be landscaped.
B.
Driveway openings for vehicular ingress and egress shall not exceed 20 feet at the right-of-way line and 26 feet at the curbline or street pavement in single- and two-family residential districts and shall not exceed 25 feet at the right-of-way line and 32 feet at the curbline or street pavement in all other districts. A wider opening may be approved by the Plan Commission, after a recommendation by the Village Engineer, to prevent a traffic hazard.
C.
Surfacing for driveways shall be an asphalt or concrete pavement so as to provide a durable and dust-free surface and shall be so graded and drained as to dispose of all surface water.
§ 435-44 Street access.
Direct public or private access (driveway opening) to streets under Village jurisdiction shall be permitted in accordance with the following:
A.
Driveways on arterial streets shall be located a minimum of 100 feet from a street intersection unless the lot width is insufficient or the lot contains site limitations, in which case the Village Board, after a recommendation by the Plan Commission, shall determine the driveway location. Said setback shall be measured from the intersection of the rights-of-way of the two streets.
B.
Driveways on nonarterial (collector or minor land access) streets shall be located a minimum of 50 feet from a street intersection unless the lot width is insufficient or contains site limitations, in which case the Village Board, after a recommendation by the Plan Commission, shall determine the driveway location. Said setback shall be measured from the intersection of the rights-of-way of the two streets.
C.
Temporary access to the above rights-of-way may be granted by the Village Board, after a recommendation by the Plan Commission, and the highway agencies having jurisdiction. Such access permit shall be temporary, revocable, and subject to any conditions required and shall be issued for a period not to exceed 12 months.