The purpose of this chapter is to establish a classification system for land uses and a consistent set of terms defining uses permitted or conditionally permitted within various zoning districts. This chapter also provides a procedure for determining the applicable use type of any activity not clearly within any defined use type.

   1.   Classification of Uses. In the event of any question as to the appropriate use types of any existing or proposed use or activity, the Zoning Administrator of the City shall have the authority to determine the appropriate use type. A determination of the Zoning Administrator may be appealed to the Board of Adjustment. In making such determinations, the Zoning Administrator and Board of Adjustment shall consider such characteristics or specific requirements of the use in common with those included as examples of use types. Those examples, when included in use type descriptions, are intended to be illustrative, as opposed to exclusive lists.

   2.   Records. The Zoning Administrator shall make all such determinations of appropriate use types in writing. The record of the determination shall contain a report explaining the reasons for the determination.

   Agricultural use types include the on-site production and sale of plant and animal products by agricultural methods.

   1.   Horticulture. The growing of horticultural and floricultural specialties, such as flowers, shrubs, or trees intended for ornamental or landscaping purposes. This definition may include accessory retail sales under certain conditions. Typical uses include wholesale plant nurseries and greenhouses.

   2.   Crop Production. The raising and harvesting of tree crops, row crops, or field crops on an agricultural or commercial basis. This definition may include accessory retail sales under certain conditions.

   3.   Animal Production. The raising of animals or production of animal products, such as eggs or dairy products on an agricultural or commercial basis on a site which is also used for crop production or where grazing of natural vegetation is the major feed source; or the raising of animals for recreational use. Typical uses include grazing, ranching, dairy farming, and poultry farming.

   Residential use types include uses providing wholly or primarily non-transient living accommodations. They exclude institutional living arrangements providing 24-hour skilled nursing or medical care, forced residence, or therapeutic settings.

   1.   Single-Family Residential. The use of a site for one dwelling unit, occupied by one family. (NOTE: Mobile home units are not a single-family use type. See following categories for such units).

      A.   “Detached single-family residential” means a single-family residential use in which one dwelling unit is located on a single lot, with no physical or structural connection to any other dwelling unit.

      B.   “Attached single-family residential” means a single-family residential use in which one dwelling unit is located on a single lot and is attached by a common vertical wall to only one other adjacent dwelling unit on another single lot.

   2.   Duplex Residential. The use of a legally described lot for two dwelling units, each occupied by one family within a single building, excluding mobile home units, but including modular housing units.

   3.   Two-Family Residential. The use of a site for two dwelling units, each occupied by one family, each in a separate building, excluding a mobile home unit.

   4.   Townhouse Residential. The use of a site for three or more attached dwelling units, each occupied by one family and separated by vertical side walls extending from foundation through roof without openings. Each townhouse unit must have at least two exposed exterior walls.

   5.   Multiple-Family Residential. The use of a site for three or more dwelling units within one building.

   6.   Downtown Residential. The use of upper levels above street level of a building within the Town Center District of the City for single- or multiple-family residential uses.

   7.   Group Residential. The use of a site for a residence by four or more unrelated persons, not defined as a family, on a weekly or longer basis.

   8.   Manufactured Home Residential. The use of a site for one or more manufactured home dwellings, as defined in Chapter 166.

   9.   Mobile Home Park. The use of a site under single ownership for one or more mobile home units. Generally, the land on which mobile homes are placed in a mobile home park is leased from the owner of the facility.

   10.   Retirement Residence. A building or group of buildings which provide residential facilities for four or more residents of at least 50 years of age, or households headed by a householder of at least 50 years of age. A retirement residence may provide a range of residential building types and may also provide support services to residents, including (but not limited to) food service, general health supervision, medication services, housekeeping services, personal services, recreation facilities, and transportation services. The retirement residence may accommodate food preparation in independent units or meal service in one or more common areas. Retirement residences with more than 50 living units may include additional health care supervision or nursing care, provided that the number of beds for such residences shall not exceed 25% of the total number of individual living units. Typical uses include continuing care retirement centers.

   Civic use types include the performance of utility, educational, recreational, cultural, medical, protective, governmental, and other uses which are strongly vested with social importance.

   1.   Administration. Governmental offices providing administrative, clerical, or public contact services that deal directly with the citizen, together with incidental storage and maintenance of necessary vehicles. Typical uses include federal, State, County, and City offices.

   2.   Cemetery. Land used or intended to be used for the burial of the dead and dedicated for cemetery purposes, including columbaria, crematoria, mausoleums, and mortuaries when operated in conjunction with and within the boundary of such cemetery.

   3.   Clubs. Uses providing meeting, recreational, or social facilities for a private, nonprofit, or non-commercial association, primarily for use by members and guests.

   4.   College and University Facilities. An educational institution of higher learning which offers courses of study designed to culminate in the issuance of a degree certified by a generally recognized accrediting organization.

   5.   Convalescent Services. Uses providing bed care and in-patient services for persons requiring regular medical attention but excluding a facility providing surgical or emergency medical services and excluding a facility providing care for alcoholism, drug addiction, mental illness, or communicable disease. Typical uses include nursing homes.

   6.   Cultural Services. A library, museum, or similar registered nonprofit organizational use displaying, preserving and exhibiting objects of community and cultural interest in one or more of the arts and sciences.

   7.   Day Care Services (Limited). This use type includes all classifications of day care facilities regulated by the State of Iowa that operate providing care for not more than six children. This term includes nursery schools, preschools, day care centers for children or adults, and similar uses but excludes public and private primary and secondary educational facilities.

   8.   Day Care Services (General). This use type includes all classifications of day care facilities regulated by the State of Iowa that operate providing care for more than six children. This term includes nursery schools, preschools, day care centers for children or adults, and similar uses but excludes public and private primary and secondary educational facilities.

   9.   Detention Facilities. A publicly operated or contracted use providing housing and care for individuals legally confined, designed to isolate those individuals from the community.

   10.   Emergency Residential Services. A facility or use of a building to provide a protective sanctuary for victims of crime or abuse, including emergency housing during crisis intervention for victims of rape, abuse, or physical beatings. Such facilities being limited to no more than three victims at any one time.

   11.   Family Home. A facility as defined in Section 414.22 of the Code of Iowa, and including, but not limited to, Elder Family Homes and Elder Group Homes.

      A.   Elder Family Home: A facility as defined in Section 231A of the Code of Iowa.

      B.   Elder Group Home: A facility as defined in Section 231B of the Code of Iowa.

   12.   Group Care Facility. A government-licensed or approved facility which provides for resident care and short or long-term, continuous multi-day occupancy of more than 8 but no more than 30 unrelated persons, not including resident staff. Group Care Facilities include facilities which provide services in accordance with individual needs for the:

      A.   Adaptation to living with, or rehabilitation from, the handicaps of physical disability.

      B.   Adaptation to living with, or rehabilitation from, the handicaps of emotional or mental disorder or developmental disabilities.

      C.   Rehabilitation from the effects of drug or alcohol abuse.

      D.   Supervision while under a program alternative to imprisonment, including (but not limited to) pre-release, work-release, and probationary programs.

      E.   Others who require direct adult supervision.

   13.   Group Home. A facility licensed by the State of Iowa in which at least three but no more than eight persons (not including resident managers or house parents), who are unrelated by blood, marriage, or adoption, reside while receiving therapy, training, living assistance, or counseling for the purpose of adaptation to living with or rehabilitation from a physical or mental disability as defined by the relevant provisions of the Code of Iowa or by the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988.

   14.   Guidance Services. A use providing counseling, guidance, recuperative, or similar services to persons requiring rehabilitation assistance as a result of mental illness, alcoholism, detention, drug addiction, or similar condition on a daytime care basis.

   15.   Health Care. A facility providing medical, psychiatric, or surgical service for sick or injured persons exclusively on an outpatient basis including emergency treatment, diagnostic services, training, administration, and services to outpatients, employees, or visitors.

   16.   Hospital. A facility providing medical, psychiatric, or surgical service for sick or injured persons primarily on an inpatient basis, including emergency treatment, diagnostic services, training, administration, and services to patients, employees, or visitors.

   17.   Maintenance Facilities. A public facility supporting maintenance, repair, vehicular or equipment servicing, material storage, and similar activities including street or sewer yards, equipment service centers, and similar uses having characteristics of commercial services or contracting or industrial activities.

   18.   Park and Recreation Services. Publicly owned and operated parks, playgrounds, recreation facilities, and open spaces.

   19.   Postal Facilities. Postal services, including post offices, bulk mail processing or sorting centers operated by the United States Postal Service.

   20.   Primary Educational Facilities. A public, private, or parochial school offering instruction at the elementary school level in the branches of learning study required to be taught in schools within the State of Iowa.

   21.   Public Assembly. Facilities owned and operated by a public agency or a charitable nonprofit organization accommodating major public assembly for recreation, sports, amusement, or entertainment purposes. Typical uses include civic or community auditoriums, sports stadiums, convention facilities, fairgrounds, incidental sales, and exhibition facilities.

   22.   Religious Assembly. A use located in a permanent building and providing regular organized religious worship and religious education incidental thereto (excluding private primary or private secondary educational facilities, community recreational facilities, day-care facilities, and incidental parking facilities). A property tax exemption obtained pursuant to Property Tax Code of the State of Iowa shall constitute prima facie evidence of religious assembly use.

   23.   Safety Services. Facilities for conduct of public safety and emergency services including police and fire protection services and emergency medical and ambulance services.

   24.   Secondary Educational Facilities. A public, private, or parochial school offering instruction at the junior high or high school level in the branches of learning and study required to be taught in the schools of the State of Iowa.

   25.   Utilities. Any above-ground structures or facilities, other than lines, poles, and other incidental facilities, used for the production, generation, transmission, delivery, collection, or storage of water, sewage, electricity, delivery, collection, or storage of water, sewage, electricity, gas, oil, energy media, communications, electronic or electromagnetic signals, or other services which are precedent to development and/or use of land.

   Office use types include uses providing for administration, professional services, and allied activities. These uses often invite public clientele but are more limited in external effects than commercial uses.

   1.   General Offices. Use of a site for business, professional, or administrative offices. Typical uses include real estate, insurance, management, travel, or other business offices; organization and association offices; banks or financial offices; or professional offices.

   2.   Financial Services. Provision of financial and banking services to consumers or clients. Walk-in and drive-in services to consumers are provided on site. Typical uses include banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks, and loan companies. An ATM (automatic teller machine) which is not accompanied on-site by an office of its primary financial institution is considered a general retail services use type.

   3.   Medical Offices. Use of a site for facilities which provide diagnoses and outpatient care on a routine basis, but which do not provide prolonged, in-house medical or surgical care. Medical offices are operated by doctors, dentists, or similar practitioners licensed for practice in the State of Iowa.

   4.   Delayed Deposit Services Business. A person or individual, group of individuals, partnership, association, corporation, or any other business unit or legal entity who for a fee accepts a check, draft, share draft, or other instrument for the payment of money dated subsequent to the date it was written or accepts a check, draft, share draft, or other instrument for the payment of money dated on the date it was written and holds it for a period of time prior to deposit or presentment pursuant to an agreement with, or any representation made to, the maker of the check, draft, or other instrument whether express or implied.

   Commercial uses include the sale, rental, service, and distribution of goods; and the provision of services other than those classified under other use types.

   1.   Agricultural Sales and Service. Establishments or places of business engaged in sale from the premises of feed, grain, fertilizers, farm equipment, pesticides, and similar goods or in the provision of agriculture-related services with incidental storage on lots other than where the service is rendered. Typical uses include nurseries, hay, farm implement dealerships, feed and grain stores, and tree service firms.

   2.   Automotive and Equipment Services. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in sale and/or service of automobiles, trucks, or heavy equipment. The following are considered automotive and equipment use types:

      A.   Automotive Rental and Sales: Sale or rental of automobiles, noncommercial trucks, motorcycles, motor homes, recreational vehicles or boats, including incidental storage, maintenance, and servicing. Typical uses include new and used car dealerships; motorcycle dealerships; and boat, trailer, and recreational vehicle dealerships.

      B.   Auto Services: Provision of fuel, lubricants, parts and accessories, and incidental services to motor vehicles; and washing and cleaning and/or repair of automobiles, non-commercial trucks, motorcycles, motor homes, recreational vehicles, or boats, including the sale, installation, and servicing of equipment and parts. Typical uses include service stations, car washes, muffler shops, auto repair garages, tire sales and installation, wheel and brake shops, and similar repair and service activities but exclude dismantling, salvage, or body and fender repair services.

      C.   Body Repair: Repair, painting, or refinishing of the body, fender, or frame of automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, motor homes, recreational vehicles, boats, tractors, construction equipment, agricultural implements, and similar vehicles or equipment. Typical uses include body and fender shops, painting shops, and other similar repair or refinishing garages.

      D.   Equipment Rental and Sales: Sale or rental of trucks, tractors, construction equipment, agricultural implements, mobile homes, and similar heavy equipment, including incidental storage, maintenance, and servicing. Typical uses include truck dealerships, construction equipment dealerships, and mobile home sales establishments.

      E.   Equipment Repair Services: Repair of trucks, tractors, construction equipment, agricultural implements, and similar heavy equipment. Typical uses include truck repair garages, tractor and farm implement repair services, and machine shops, but exclude dismantling, salvage, or body and fender repair services.

      F.   Vehicle Storage: Storage of operating or non-operating vehicles for a period of no more than 21 days. Typical uses include storage of private parking tow-aways or impound yards but exclude dismantling or salvage.
Long-term storage of operating or non-operating vehicles beyond 21 days constitutes an industrial use type.

   3.   Bed and Breakfast. A lodging service that provides overnight or short-term accommodations to guests or visitors, usually including provision of breakfast. Bed and breakfasts are usually located in large residential structures that have been adapted for this use. For the purpose of this definition, bed and breakfasts are always owned and operated by the resident owner of the structure, include no more than ten units, and accommodate each guest or visitor for no more than seven consecutive days during any one-month period.

   4.   Business Support Services. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in the sale, rental, or repair of equipment, supplies, and materials or the provision of services used by office, professional, and service establishments to the firms themselves but excluding automotive, construction, and farm equipment; or engaged in the provision of maintenance or custodial services to businesses. Typical uses include office equipment and supply firms, small business machine repair shops or hotel equipment and supply firms, janitorial services, photography studios, and convenience printing and copying.

   5.   Business or Trade Schools. A use providing education or training in business, commerce, language, or other similar activity or occupational pursuit, and not otherwise defined as a home occupation, college or university, or public or private educational facility.

   6.   Campground. Facilities providing camping or parking areas and incidental services for travelers in recreational vehicles or tents, which accommodate each guest or visitor for no more than seven consecutive days during any one-month period.

   7.   Cocktail Lounge. A use engaged in the preparation and retail sale of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, including taverns, bars, cocktail lounges, and similar uses other than a restaurant as that term is defined in this section.

   8.   Commercial Recreation. Private businesses or other organizations, which may or may not be commercial by structure or by nature, which are primarily engaged in the provision or sponsorship of sports, entertainment, or recreation for participants or spectators. Typical uses include driving ranges, theaters, private dance halls, or private skating facilities. Commercial recreation is divided into the following categories:

      A.   Commercial Recreation (Limited): Facilities which include a structure of 10,000 square feet or less and/or a site covering an area of no more than one-half acre.

      B.   Commercial Recreation (General): Facilities which include a structure of more than 10,000 square feet and/or a site covering an area of more than one-half acre.

   9.   Communications Services. Establishments primarily engaged in the provision of broadcasting and other information relay services accomplished through the use of electronic and telephonic mechanisms but not including those classified as Utilities. Typical uses include television studios, telecommunication service centers, telegraph service offices, or film and sound recording facilities. Broadcast towers and their minor ancillary ground structures are classified as miscellaneous use types.

   10.   Construction Sales and Services. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in wholesale or retail sales, from the premises, of materials used in the construction of buildings or other structures, other than retail sale of paint, fixtures, and hardware. This use type excludes those uses classified under automotive and equipment services. Typical uses include building materials sales or tool and equipment rental or sales.

   11.   Consumer Services. Establishments which provide services primarily to individuals and households, but excluding automotive use types. Typical uses include automated banking machines, appliance repair shops, watch or jewelry repair shops, or musical instrument repair shops.

   12.   Convenience Storage. Storage services primarily for personal effects and household goods within enclosed storage areas having individual access but excluding use of such areas as workshops, hobby shops, manufacturing, or commercial activity. Typical uses include mini-warehousing.

   13.   Firework Sales. Establishments selling consumer first class fireworks and consumer second class fireworks. A firework Seller License issued by the State Fire Marshal is required. Firework establishments must comply with all standards of the National Fire Protection Act 1124.

   14.   Food Sales. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in the retail sale of food or household products for home consumption. Typical uses include groceries, delicatessens, meat markets, retail bakeries, and candy shops.

      A.   Convenience Food Sales: Establishments occupying facilities of less than 10,000 square feet; and characterized by sales of specialty foods or a limited variety of general items, and by the sales of fuel for motor vehicles.

      B.   Limited Food Sales: Establishments occupying facilities of less than 10,000 square feet; and characterized by sales of specialty foods or a limited variety of general items, but excluding the accessory sale of fuel for motor vehicles. Typical uses include delicatessens, meat markets, retail bakeries, candy shops, and small grocery stores.

      C.   General Food Sales: Establishments selling a wide variety of food commodities, using facilities larger than 10,000 square feet. Typical uses include supermarkets.

   15.   Funeral Services. Establishments engaged in undertaking services such as preparing the human dead for burial and arranging and managing funerals. Typical uses include funeral homes or mortuaries.

   16.   Gaming Facilities. Establishments engaged in the lawful, on-site operation of games of chance that involve the risk of money for financial gain by patrons. Gaming facilities shall include the accessory sale of liquor and food, pursuant to licensing regulations of the City or the State.

   17.   General Retail Services (Small and Large Scale). Sale or rental with incidental service of commonly used goods and merchandise for personal or household use but excludes those classified more specifically by these use type classifications. Typical uses include department stores, apparel stores, furniture stores, or establishments providing the following products or services: household cleaning and maintenance products; drugs, cards, stationery, notions, books, tobacco products, cosmetics, and specialty items; flowers, plants, hobby materials, toys, and handcrafted items; apparel jewelry, fabrics and like items; cameras, photographic services, household electronic equipment, records, sporting equipment, kitchen utensils, home furnishing and appliances, art supplies and framing, arts and antiques, paint and wallpaper, hardware, carpeting and floor covering; interior decorating services; retail sales of pets; office supplies; mail order or catalog sales; bicycles; and automotive parts and accessories (excluding service and installation).

      A.   General retail services (small scale) include facilities with no more than 10,000 square feet in a single establishment or 30,000 square feet within a multiple-tenant common development.

      B.   General retail services (large scale) include facilities of 10,000 or more square feet in a single establishment or 30,000 square feet within a multiple-tenant common development.

   18.   Kennels. Boarding and care services for dogs, cats, and similar small mammals or large birds; or any premises on which three or more animals included under this definition over four months of age are kept and maintained. Typical uses include boarding kennels, ostrich-raising facilities, pet motels, or dog-training centers.

   19.   Laundry Services. Establishments primarily engaged in the provision of laundering, cleaning, or dyeing services other than those classified as personal services. Typical uses include bulk laundry and cleaning plans, diaper services, or linen supply services.

   20.   Liquor Sales. Establishments or places of business engaged in retail sale for off-premises consumption of alcoholic beverages. Typical uses include liquor stores, bottle shops, or any licensed sales of liquor, beer, or wine for off-site consumption.

   21.   Lodging. Lodging services involving the provision of room and/or board, but not meeting the classification criteria of bed and breakfasts. Typical uses include the following definitions:

      A.   “Extended stay hotel or motel” means any structure consisting of one or more buildings, with more than five specific dwelling units with provisions for living, eating, contain kitchen facilities for food preparation including, but not limited to, refrigerators, stoves and ovens, sanitation, separate bathroom and kitchen sink, and sleeping in each unit, that is specifically constructed, kept, used, maintained, advertised, and held out to the public to be a place where temporary residence is offered for pay to persons, for a minimum stay of more than thirty days and a maximum stay of ten months within the dwelling units at the structure, that is approved pursuant to a valid certificate of occupancy issued by the building official having jurisdiction as having all of the required dwelling unit features, and for which such valid certificate of occupancy indicates the specific rooms within the structure that can be used as dwelling units, and that is approved by the Fire Marshal for extended stay temporary residence purposes. Each room shall be a minimum of 275 square feet in area, exclusive of bathroom, closet, or balcony space. Weekly services for each dwelling unit of linen change, towel change, soap change, general cleanup, and a registration lobby staffed on a 12-hour daily basis and 24-hour daily registration and emergency phone number are provided by the management. Each extended stay dwelling unit and facilities are subject to the City’s rental inspection outlined in the Chapter 156 of this Code of Ordinances (Rental Housing Code). For the purposes of parking requirements, extended stay hotel or motels will have to meet the Multi-Family Residential parking requirements.

      B.   “Hotel” means one or more buildings containing 20 or more guest rooms, with such rooms being designed or intended to be used, or which are used as temporary or overnight accommodations for guests in which daily services of linen change, central telephone switchboard, towel change, soap change, general cleanup, and a registration lobby staffed on a 24-hour daily basis are provided by the management. Each room shall be a minimum of 250 square feet in area, exclusive of bathroom, closet, or balcony space. No room may be used by the same person or persons for a period exceeding 30 days per year. Access to all rooms shall be provided through one or more common entrances. Accessory uses are encouraged and permitted accessory uses include restaurants, cocktail lounges, banquet halls, ballrooms, or meeting rooms.

      C.   “Motel” means a building or group of buildings containing dwelling units, intended to be used or which are used as temporary or overnight accommodations for guests, in which daily services of linen change, central telephone switchboard, towel change, soap change, general cleanup, and a registration lobby staffed on a 12-hour daily basis and 24-hour daily registration and emergency phone number are provided by the management. Each room shall be a minimum of 250 square feet in area, exclusive of bathroom, closet, or balcony space. No room may be used by the same person or persons for a period exceeding 30 days per year. Each living or sleeping unit shall have an individual entrance from outside the building. Living or sleeping units may be equipped with cooking facilities. Parking close to the entrance of each living or sleeping unit should be made available.

   22.   Pawn Shop. The location at which or premises upon which a pawnbroker regularly conducts business. Pawnbroker is defined in Chapter 124 of this Code of Ordinances.

   23.   Personal Improvement Services. Establishments primarily engaged in the provision of informational, instructional, personal improvements, and similar services of a non-professional nature. Typical uses include driving schools, health or physical fitness studios, reducing salons, dance studios, handicraft and hobby instruction.

   24.   Personal Services. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in the provision of services of a personal nature. Typical uses include beauty and barber shops; seamstress, tailor, or shoe repair shops; photography studios; or dry cleaning stations serving individuals and households, driving schools, health or physical fitness studios, reducing salons, dance studios, handicraft and hobby instruction.

   25.   Pet Services. Pet health services and grooming and boarding, when totally within a building, of dogs, cats, birds, fish, and similar small animals customarily used as household pets. Typical uses include pet stores, small animal clinics, dog bathing and clipping salons, and pet grooming shops, but exclude uses for livestock and large animals.

   26.   Research Services. Establishments primarily engaged in research of an industrial or scientific nature. Typical uses include electronics research laboratories, space research and development firms, testing laboratories, or pharmaceutical research labs.

   27.   Restaurant, Drive-In or Fast-Food. An establishment whose principal business is cooking and preparation of food to sell for consumption within a motor vehicle parked on the premises or within the restaurant building, or any combination thereof, and whose principal method of operation includes the following characteristics as contrasted to a standard restaurant; designed to attract and depend upon a large volume of customers; limited, relatively low-cost menu items; quick-order service at a window or counter, from where the customer generally carries the food to another counter or table for consumption; and most food is served in or on paper, plastic or other disposable containers; and any other restaurant not defined as a standard restaurant.

   28.   Restaurant, General. An establishment whose principal business is cooking and preparation of food to sell for consumption within the restaurant building and whose principal method of operation is characterized by customers being seated by a restaurant employee and provided with an individual menu, and who are served by a restaurant employee at the same table or counter at which food and beverages are consumed; also including cafeteria line service offering a wide selection of main courses and other menu items, including restaurants with limited drive-thru service to customers in a motor vehicle. Delicatessens, establishments whose principal business is the sale of pizza or of ice cream, yogurt, coffee or milk products are specifically included in the definition.

   29.   Restricted Businesses. Any business activity which offers the opportunity to view sexual activities or view or touch anatomical areas for entertainment purposes in a manner that offends contemporary standards in the community of Windsor Heights, depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. This category includes the sale or viewing of visual or print materials that meet these criteria. Typical uses include retail services or stores which are distinguished by an emphasis on activities or materials that emphasize sexual content; businesses which offer live performances characterized by exposure of specified anatomical areas; and adult theaters.

   30.   Short Term Vacation Rental (STVR). A lodging service that provides overnight or short-term accommodations to guests and visitors. For the purpose of this definition STVR’s are always owned and operated by the resident owner of the structure and accommodate each guest or visitor for no more than 14 consecutive days during any one month period. For the purpose of this definition, the lodging service must be approved by a national accommodation service such as Airbnb, VRBO or other similar service. To be used as an STVR, property owner shall reside at the residence a minimum of 180 calendar days per year.

   31.   Stables and/or Riding Academies. The buildings, pens, and pasture areas used for the boarding and feeding of horses, llamas, or other equine not owned by the occupants of the premises. This use includes instruction in riding, jumping, and showing or the riding of horses/equine for hire.

   32.   Surplus Sales. Businesses engaged in the sale of used or new items, involving regular, periodic outdoor display of merchandise for sale. Typical uses include flea markets and factory outlets or discount businesses with outdoor display.

   33.   Trade Services. Establishments or places of business primarily engaged in the provision of services that are not retail or primarily dedicated to walk-in clientele. These services often involve services to construction or building trades and may involve a small amount of screened, outdoor storage in appropriate zoning districts. Typical uses include shops or operating bases for plumbers, electricians, or HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) contractors.

   34.   Vehicle Storage. Short-term storage of operating or non-operating vehicles for a period of no more than 21 days. Typical uses include storage of private parking tow-aways or impound yards but exclude dismantling or salvage. Long-term storage beyond 21 days constitutes an industrial use type.

   35.   Veterinary Services. Veterinary services and hospitals for animals. Typical uses include pet clinics, dog and cat hospitals, pet cemeteries, and veterinary hospitals for livestock and large animals.

   1.   Off-Street Parking Lots and Facilities. Parking use types include surface parking of motor vehicles on a temporary basis within a privately or publicly owned off-street parking facility.

   2.   Parking Structure. The use of a site for a multi-level building which provides for the parking of motor vehicles on a temporary basis, other than as an accessory to a principal use on the same site.

   Industrial use types include the on-site extraction or production of goods by non-agricultural methods and the storage and distribution of products.

   1.   Construction Yards. Establishments housing facilities of businesses primarily engaged in construction activities, including incidental storage of materials and equipment on lots other than construction sites. Typical uses are building contractor’s yards.

   2.   Custom Manufacturing. Establishments primarily engaged in the on-site production of goods by hand manufacturing, within enclosed structures, involving:

      A.   The use of hand tools, or

      B.   The use of domestic mechanical equipment not exceeding 2 horsepower, or

      C.   A single kiln not exceeding 8 KW or equivalent.

This category also includes the incidental direct sale to consumers of only those goods produced on site. Typical uses include ceramic studios, custom jewelry manufacturing, and candle making shops.

   3.   Light Industry. Establishments engaged in the manufacture or processing of finished products from previously prepared materials, including processing, fabrication, assembly, treatment, and packaging of such products, and incidental storage, sales, and distribution. These establishments are characterized by having no major external environmental effects across property lines and include no unscreened or un-enclosed outdoor storage. Typical uses include commercial bakeries, dressed beef processing plants, soft drink bottling, apparel assembly from fabrics, electronics, manufacturing, print shops, and publishing houses.

   4.   General Industry. Enterprises engaged in the processing, manufacturing, compounding, assembly, packaging, storage, treatment, or fabrication of materials and products from prepared materials or from raw materials without noticeable noise, odor, vibration, or air pollution effects across property lines.

   5.   Heavy Industry. Enterprises involved in the basic processing and manufacturing of products, predominately from raw materials, with noticeable noise, odor, vibration, or air pollution effects across property lines; or a use or process engaged in the storage of or processes involving potentially or actually hazardous, explosive, flammable, radioactive, or other commonly recognized hazardous materials.

   6.   Recycling Collection. Any site which is used in whole or part for the receiving or collection of any post-consumer, non-durable goods including (but not limited to) glass, plastic, paper, cardboard, aluminum, tin, or other recyclable commodities.

   7.   Recycling Processing. Any site which is used for the processing of any post-consumer, non-durable goods including (but not limited to) glass, plastic, paper, cardboard, aluminum, tin, or other recyclable commodities.

   8.   Resource Extraction. A use involving on-site extraction of surface or subsurface mineral products or natural resources, excluding the grading and removal of dirt. Typical uses are quarries, borrow pits, sand and gravel operations, and mining.

   9.   Salvage Services. Places of business primarily engaged in the storage, sale, dismantling or other processing of used or waste materials which are not intended for reuse in their original forms. Typical uses include automotive wrecking yards, junk yards, or paper salvage yards.

   10.   Vehicle Storage (Long-Term). Long-term storage of operating or non-operating vehicles for a period exceeding 21 days. Typical uses include storage of private parking tow-aways or impound yards but exclude dismantling or salvage.

   11.   Warehousing. Uses including open-air storage, distribution, and handling of goods and materials, but not including storage of hazardous materials. Typical uses include monument yards or open storage.

   Transportation use types include the use of land for the purpose of providing facilities supporting the movement of passengers and freight from one point to another.

   1.   Aviation Facilities. Landing fields, aircraft parking and service facilities, and related facilities for operation, service, fueling, repair, storage, charter, sales, and rental of aircraft, and including activities directly associated with the operation and maintenance of airport facilities and the provision of safety and security.

   2.   Railroad Facility. Railroad yards, equipment servicing facilities, and terminal facilities.

   3.   Transportation Terminal. Facility for loading, unloading, and interchange of passengers, baggage, and incidental freight or package express, including bus terminals, railroad stations, and public transit facilities.

   4.   Truck Terminal. A facility for the receipt, transfer, short term storage, and dispatching of goods transported by truck.

   1.   Alternative Energy Production Devices. The use of a site for the production of energy utilizing methods that do not involve the oxidation, combustion, or fission of primary materials. Typical uses include solar collector fields, geothermal energy installations, or water-powered mills or generating facilities.

   2.   Broadcasting Tower. A structure for the transmission or broadcasting of radio, television, radar, or microwaves, ordinarily exceeding the maximum height permitted in its zoning district.

   3.   Amateur Radio Tower. A structure for the transmission or broadcasting of electromagnetic signals by FCC-licensed amateur radio operators.

   4.   Construction Batch Plant. A temporary demountable facility used for the manufacturing of cement, concrete, asphalt, or other paving materials intended for specific construction projects.

   5.   Wind Enemy Conservation System (WECS). Any device which converts wind energy to a form of usable energy, including wind charges, windmills, or wind turbines.

   6.   Landfill (Non-Putrescible Solid Waste Disposal). The use of a site as a depository for solid wastes that do not readily undergo chemical or biological breakdown under conditions normally associated with land disposal operations. Typical disposal material would include ashes, concrete, paving wastes, rock, brick, lumber, roofing materials, and ceramic tile.

   7.   Landfill (Putrescible and Non-Putrescible Solid Waste Disposal). The use of a site as a depository for any solid waste except hazardous and toxic waste as defined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and/or the State of Iowa. Typical disposal material would include non-putrescible wastes and putrescible wastes such as vegetation, tree parts, agricultural wastes (garbage) and manure.