Aberdeen City Zoning Code

Division VI

Project Design

17.61 Block Frontage Standards

A. Purpose. Storefront block frontages are located in the most vibrant and active shopping and dining areas within Aberdeen. Blocks designated as storefront block frontages include continuous storefronts placed along the sidewalk edge with small scale shops and many business entries.

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B. Standards. All development on sites with a storefront block frontage designation shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.040(B).

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17.60.010 Purpose.

This division is authorized by the city council as a major implementation tool of the Aberdeen comprehensive plan. Overall, this division intends to:

A. Provide clear objectives for the planning and design of development projects in Aberdeen.

B. Preserve and protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Aberdeen.

C. Promote and accomplish the goals, policies, and objectives of the Aberdeen comprehensive plan.

D. Ensure that new multifamily, mixed-use, and commercial development is of high quality and appropriate to Aberdeen’s character and context.

E. Increase awareness of design considerations among the citizens of Aberdeen.

F. Maintain and enhance property values within Aberdeen.

17.60.020 Applicability and compliance.

A. The project design provisions in this division generally apply to all development within the city, including, but not limited to, building additions, site improvements, and new signage. However, since each chapter addresses different design and development elements, the applicability of each chapter is clarified at the beginning of the chapter.

B. Relationship to Other Codes and Documents. Where provisions of this division conflict with provisions in any other section of the AMC, this division prevails unless otherwise noted.

C. For building additions, remodels, and site improvements, three (3) different thresholds have been established to determine how the standards herein are applied to such projects:

Note: When a proposed building addition occurs within three (3) years of a previous addition (or multiple additions) based on the date of the previous building permit issuance, then such additions shall be considered collectively for the purpose of determining the percentage increase in the size of a building’s floor area.

1. Level I improvements include all exterior remodels and other improvements that cumulatively increase the gross floor area on a site by up to twenty-five (25) percent. The requirement for such improvements is only that the proposed improvements meet the standards and do not lead to further nonconformance with the standards. For example, if a property owner decides to replace a building facade’s siding, then the siding shall meet the applicable exterior building material standards, but elements such as building articulation would not be required.

2. Level II improvements include all improvements that cumulatively increase the gross floor area on a site by twenty-five (25) percent to one hundred (100) percent. All standards that do not involve repositioning the building or reconfiguring site development shall apply to Level II improvements.

3. Level III improvements include all improvements that cumulatively increase the gross floor area on a site in any zone by more than one hundred (100) percent. Such developments shall conform to all applicable standards, except in a case where there are multiple buildings on one (1) site, and only one (1) building is being enlarged. In that scenario, improvements to the additional buildings are not required, but conformance with all other standards apply.

17.60.030 How the provisions of this chapter are applied.

The provisions of this chapter are additional to the underlying zoning standards (permitted uses, setbacks, building heights, etc.). Most sections within this chapter herein include the following elements:

A. Purpose statements, which are overarching objectives.

B. Guidelines use words such as “should” or “is/are recommended,” or “encouraged,” signifying voluntary measures.

C. Standards use words such as “shall” and “is/are required,” signifying mandatory actions.

1. Some standards are easily quantifiable, while others provide a level of discretion to the applicant in how they are complied with. In the latter case, the applicant shall demonstrate to the director, in writing, how the choices made for the development meet the purpose of the standard.

2. Departures may be allowed for specific standards as noted in Section 17.60.040. They allow alternative designs provided the director determines the resulting design and overall development meet the purpose of the standards and other applicable criteria. See Section 17.20.210 for procedures associated with departures.

17.60.040 Departures.

A number of specific departure opportunities to the design standards contained in this chapter are provided. Departure opportunities are signaled by the capitalized word DEPARTURE or the ➲ symbol when used in charts. The purpose is to provide applicants with the option of proposing alternative design treatments, when they can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the director that they are equal to or better than the standard, provided such departures meet the purpose of the particular standard, and any additional relevant departure criteria.

See Section 17.20.210 for procedures specific to departures.

17.61.010 Purpose.

A. To reinforce the historic storefront pattern in downtown Aberdeen.

B. To enhance the pedestrian environment in commercial and multifamily areas throughout Aberdeen.

C. To minimize potential negative impacts of parking lots and garages on the streetscape.

17.61.020 Applicability.

The provisions of this chapter apply to all nonresidential and multifamily development within the city.

17.61.030 Block frontage designation maps and regulations.

1. New multifamily and nonresidential development as set forth in Section 17.61.020 are subject to the block frontage standards herein.

2. See Figure 17.61.030 for designated storefront block frontages. Properties including this designation are subject to the storefront block frontage standards in Section 17.61.040, as are developments choosing to build storefront buildings in applicable zones.

3. For all multifamily development and all nonresidential development in residential zones, the standards for landscaped block frontages (Section 17.61.050) apply. One exception is permitted commercial development on corner lots in residential zones, which may choose to comply with storefront block frontage standards (Section 17.61.040).

4. All other block frontages not subject to the storefront or landscaped block frontage standards are subject to the basic block frontage standards (Section 17.61.060).

5. Civic uses, public buildings, and hotels are exempt from the block frontage standards, provided the building and site design meet the following objectives:

a. Enliven the pedestrian environment along the adjacent sidewalks.

b. Incorporate a prominent and inviting entry visible from the street. If the site has multiple street frontages, the entry shall be visible from at least one (1) street.

c. The site and building design stands out from the surrounding context as a distinct landmark and provides visual interest from all observable scales.

B. Map Updates. The block frontage designation map will be updated by ordinance by the city council as necessary to reflect new streets and other adjustments.

C. Undesignated Streets. If a street is not designated as storefront, mixed, or landscaped block frontage then it is automatically classified as a “basic” block frontage. See Section 17.61.060 for applicable standards.

Figure 17.61.030. Block Frontage Designation Map

17.61.040 Storefront block frontage standards.

Figure 17.61.040. Storefront Block Frontages Vision and Key Standards

B. Standards. All development on sites with a storefront block frontage designation shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.040(B).

Table 17.61.040(B). Storefront Block Frontage Standards

Element	Standards	Additional Provisions and Examples
Ground Level
Land use	Nonresidential uses permitted by Section 17.41.050 are required on the ground level.	Lobbies and accessory uses associated with upper-floor hotel/motel, business service, and multifamily residential uses are allowed provided they are limited to 25 percent of all storefront block frontages (measured separately for each block).
Floor to ceiling height	13 feet minimum	Applies to the area within the minimum retail space depth.
Retail space depth	40 feet minimum ➲	Applies to the entire width of the retail space.
Building placement	Buildings shall be placed at the back edge of the required sidewalk. Additional setbacks may be allowed for a wider sidewalk or where a public space is provided between the sidewalk and the building.
Building entrances	Primary building entrances shall face the street. For corner buildings, primary entrances for ground-level uses may face either street or the street corner.
Facade transparency	Transparent windows are required for at least 60 percent of the transparency zone (facade between 30 inches and 10 feet). ➲	Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	Weather protection over the sidewalk is required along at least 60 percent of the building’s facade, and it shall be a minimum of 6 feet deep (drip lines shall be at least that far from the face of the building). Additional standards: • Weather protection shall have 10 to 15 feet of vertical clearance. • Weather protection shall not interfere with existing street trees, utility poles, street signs, or extend beyond the edge of the sidewalk.	• Vinyl or plastic awnings or canopies are prohibited. • Any canopy or awning over a public sidewalk should be a permanent architectural element.
Parking location	New ground-level (surface or structured) parking adjacent to the street is limited to one 60-foot wide aisle located to the side of a building (and may include a driveway). Otherwise, parking may be placed below, above, and/or behind storefronts.
Sidewalk width	Minimum design options: • 12 feet minimum between the curb edge and the storefront, including 8 feet minimum walking surface width and trees are integrated in grates. • 8 feet minimum sidewalk and 6 feet minimum planter strip. Wider sidewalks may be required for certain streets by the Aberdeen Urban Services Standards and Guidelines Manual. Setbacks and utility easements shall also be considered and may result in a larger minimum sidewalk width.

C. DEPARTURE Criteria. Departures from the storefront block frontage standards in Table 17.61.040(B) that feature the ➲ symbol will be considered per Section 17.20.210, provided the alternative proposal meets the purpose of the standards and the following criteria:

1. Retail Space Depth. Reduced depths on up to thirty-three (33) percent of the applicable block frontage will be considered where the applicant can successfully demonstrate the proposed alternative design and configuration of the space is viable for a variety of permitted retail uses.

2. Facade Transparency. Facade transparency may be reduced to a minimum of forty (40) percent if the facade design between ground-level windows provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates the impacts of blank walls.

17.61.050 Landscaped block frontage standards.

A. Purpose. Landscaped block frontages emphasize landscaped street setbacks, clear pedestrian connections between the building and the sidewalk, and minimize surface parking lots along the frontages.

Figure 17.61.050(A). Landscaped Block Frontages Vision Examples and Key Standards

B. Applicability. The standards herein apply to:

1. All multifamily development.

2. All nonresidential development in residential zones, except permitted commercial development on corner lots may choose to comply with storefront block frontage standards.

3. All nonresidential development in the NC-MU zone, except such development may choose to comply with storefront block frontage standards.

C. Standards. Landscaped block frontages shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.050(C).

Table 17.61.050(C). Landscaped Block Frontage Standards

Element	Standards	Additional Provisions and Examples
Ground Level Land use	Any use permitted by Chapter 17.41, Allowed Uses.
Building placement	5-foot minimum setbacks are required, except multifamily residential uses shall maintain a 10-foot minimum setback from the sidewalk. Additional standards: • 20-foot maximum setback. • Covered entries and porches are allowed to project up to 6 feet into this required setback. • Additional setbacks may be required where future right-of-way need and/or acquisitions have been identified in city plans.
Building entrances	At least one public or shared building entry shall be visible from the sidewalk and feature direct physical access from the sidewalk. ➲	Primary private entrances facing the street for ground level residential units are encouraged.
Facade transparency (for all street-facing elevations)	Transparent windows are required for at least 30 percent of the transparency zone (facade between 30 inches and 10 feet) for buildings with ground level nonresidential uses.➲ All residential building facades and residential portions of mixed-use buildings shall have at least 15 percent transparency (be comprised of transparent windows).	For ground level non-residential uses: Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	Weather protection at least 3 feet deep shall be provided over individual business and residential entries. Weather protection for shared entrances shall be at least 5 feet deep.
Parking location	Parking shall be located to the side, under, or rear of buildings. For multi-building developments, no more than 50 percent of the lot frontage can be occupied by off-street parking and driveways. ➲	Where a drive-through lane exists between the street and a building, it shall qualify as a parking area. Also see Section 17.62.050 for areas where drive-though uses are prohibited.
Landscaping	Building setback areas shall be landscaped per Chapter 17.64, Landscaping. Parking lots developed adjacent to the street shall comply with landscaping provisions of Section 17.64.060(D).
Sidewalk width	A 5-foot sidewalk accompanied by a minimum 5-foot landscape strip is required within the right-of-way adjacent to the front property line as well as adjoining arterial corridors.

D. DEPARTURE criteria. Departures from the above standards that feature the ➲ symbol will be considered per Section 17.20.210, provided the alternative proposal meets the purpose of the standards, plus the following criteria:

1. Facade Transparency. For residential facades, the fifteen (15) percent minimum standard may be reduced to no less than ten (10) percent if the facade design between ground level windows provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates the impacts of blank walls.

2. Parking Location. For multi-building developments, an additional ten (10) percent of the lot frontage may be occupied by off-street parking and driveways, provided design treatments (beyond minimum standards) are included that successfully mitigate the visual impact of parking areas on the streetscape.

17.61.060 Basic block frontage (streets with no designated block frontage).

A. Purpose. Basic block frontages offer greater flexibility in siting off-street parking areas, while providing visual interest at all observable scales and meet the design objectives of the city.

B. Applicability. All block frontages in applicable zones that are not designated in the map in Figure 17.61.030 and not subject to the storefront or landscaped block frontage standards are subject to the standards of this section.

C. Standards. Basic block frontages shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.060 (C).

The ➲ symbol refers to DEPARTURE opportunities in Section 17.61.040(C).

Element	Standards
Building placement	Buildings placed up to the sidewalk edge shall meet storefront block frontage standards in Section 17.61.040. Buildings not placed up to the sidewalk shall feature a 10-foot minimum street setback except where greater setbacks are required by the zone.
Building entrances	Building entrances facing the street are encouraged. At a minimum, at least one building entry visible and directly accessible from the street is required. ➲ Where buildings are setback from the street, pedestrian connections from the sidewalk are required.
Facade transparency (for all street facing elevations)	For storefronts, at least 60 percent ➲ Other buildings designed with nonresidential uses on the ground floor within 10 feet of sidewalk, at least 30 percent. ➲ For residential buildings, at least 15 percent. ➲ For ground level nonresidential uses: Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	At least 3 feet deep over primary business and residential entries.
Parking location	There are no parking lot location restrictions, except for landscaped buffer requirements set forth in Section 17.64.060(D).
Landscaping	Building setback areas shall be landscaped per Chapter 17.64, Landscaping. Parking lots developed adjacent to the street shall comply with landscaping provisions of Section 17.64.060(D).
Sidewalk width	A 5-foot sidewalk accompanied by a minimum 5-foot landscape strip is required within the right-of-way adjacent to the front property line as well as adjoining arterial corridors.

D. DEPARTURE Criteria. Departures from the above standards that feature the ➲ symbol will be considered per Section 17.20.210, provided the alternative proposal meets the purpose of the standards and the following criteria:

1. Building Entrances. Alternative designs may be considered provided the pedestrian route from the sidewalk to the entry is clear.

2. Facade Transparency. Facade transparency may be reduced to the following minimums if the facade design provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates the impacts of blank walls:

a. For storefronts, at least thirty (30) percent.

b. Other buildings designed with nonresidential uses on the ground floor within ten (10) feet of a sidewalk, at least fifteen (15) percent.

c. For residential buildings, at least seven and one-half (7.5) percent.

17.62.010 Applicability.

The provisions of this chapter apply to all nonresidential and multifamily development, except development in the following zones:

A. Industrial.

B. Light Industrial.

17.62.020 Side and rear-yard setbacks.

Developments are subject to setback requirements by zone per Section 17.42.020. The provisions herein apply to unique situations for multifamily units along side and rear property lines and shall supersede the basic setback provisions that apply by zone.

1. To promote the functional and visual compatibility between developments.

2. To protect the privacy of residents on adjacent properties.

B. Light and Air Access and Privacy Along the Side and Rear Property Lines. Buildings or portions thereof containing multifamily dwelling units whose only windows face the interior side or rear property line shall be set back from the applicable property line at least fifteen (15) feet.

DEPARTURES will be considered where it is determined that the proposed design will not create a compatibility problem based on the unique site context.

Figure 17.62.020(B). Light/Air Access and Privacy Standards for Multifamily Residential Buildings Along Interior Side and Rear Property Lines

17.62.030 Residential amenity space.

Residential amenity space refers to spaces that are integrated into residential or mixed-use developments primarily enjoyed by on-site residents for recreational and social uses. Amenity spaces include common outdoor recreation areas, shared roof decks, private ground level open spaces, private balconies, shared indoor recreation areas, and children’s play areas.

1. To create usable amenity space that is suitable for leisure or recreational activities for residents.

2. To create amenity space that contributes to the residential setting.

B. Applicability. Residential amenity space meeting the standards of this section is required for all new:

1. Multifamily development.

2. Mixed-use development with residential dwellings.

3. Senior housing and other age-restricted facilities.

Exemption. Above developments adjacent to or across the street from a public park.

C. Amount Required. Applicable developments are required to provide residential amenity space equal to a minimum of:

1. One hundred (100) square feet per dwelling unit for studio and one (1) bedroom dwellings.

2. One hundred fifty (150) square feet per dwelling unit for dwellings with two (2) or more bedrooms.

D. Large Multi-Phase Developments Under Single Ownership. Each phase of development shall meet the minimum residential amenity space requirements herein. Developments have the option to integrate a surplus of usable on-site open space in early phases and apply the surplus space towards meeting the requirements for subsequent phases, provided all applicable regulations are met.

E. Types. The following table illustrates the types of residential amenity spaces that may be used to meet the requirements in subsection (C) of this section.

Residential Amenity Space Type	Percentage of Required Amenity Space	Subsection Cross-Reference (To Applicable Design Standards)
Common outdoor recreational areas	Up to 100 percent	17.62.030(F)(1)
Shared roof decks	Up to 50 percent	17.62.030(F)(2)
Private ground level open space (applicable only to adjacent dwelling units)	Up to 100 percent	17.62.030(F)(3)
Private balconies	Up to 25 percent	17.62.030(F)(4)
Shared indoor recreation areas	Up to 25 percent	17.62.030(F)(5)

F. Residential Amenity Space Design Standards. The following standards apply to new developments choosing to incorporate the specific amenity space types listed below.

1. Common Outdoor Recreation Areas. Such spaces are internal to a development and accessible to all tenants of a development, and are not required to be accessible to the general public. Examples include, but are not limited to, landscaped courtyards, decks, entrance plazas, gardens with walkways, children’s play areas, swimming pools, and water features. Accessible areas with native vegetation and areas used for storm water retention, infiltration, or other multipurpose recreational and/or green spaces that meet the design criteria herein may qualify as common outdoor recreation area.

Common outdoor recreation areas shall meet the following design standards:

a. The areas shall be accessible to all residents of the development.

b. The minimum area is five hundred (500) square feet. The space shall feature dimensions necessary to provide functional leisure or recreational activity (unless otherwise noted herein). Stairways and service elements located within or on the edge of the space are not included in the recreation area calculations.

c. Shared porches may qualify as recreation area, provided they are at least eight (8) feet in depth and ninety-six (96) square feet in area.

d. Required setback and vehicular circulation areas do not count as common outdoor recreation areas, except for building entry plazas located in front setbacks.

e. The area shall be located in accessible areas that are visible from units within the development.

f. The area shall feature paths, walkable lawns, landscaping, seating, lighting, play structures, sports courts, or other pedestrian amenities to make the area more functional and enjoyable for a range of users.

g. The area shall be separated from ground level windows, streets, vehicular circulation areas, service areas, and parking lots with landscaping, fencing, and/or other acceptable treatments that enhance safety and privacy for both the recreation areas and dwelling units.

h. Natural, artificial, and stormwater ponds may be included in the shared open space. A maximum of fifty (50) percent of the pond surface area, as measured when the pond is at its maximum designed depth, may be counted towards the minimum requirements of subsection (C) of this section. Ponds shall be integrated with trails and other features listed above to qualify as shared open space.

DEPARTURES will be considered for the standards above provided they meet the purpose of the standards and fill a recreational need for the residents of the development. The use and design of the space shall be integrated with the surrounding site and building features in a manner that is complementary to the development and any adjacent streetscape.

Figure 17.62.030(F)(1). Common Outdoor Recreational Area Examples

2. Shared Roof Decks. Such spaces are a type of private internal common area located on the top of buildings or intermediate levels (e.g., upper floor building facade step-back areas) and are available to all residents. Examples of amenities include, but are not limited to, cooking and dining areas, seating areas, gardening areas, water features, children’s play areas, and pet play areas. Shared rooftop decks shall meet the following design standards:

a. Shall be available to all residents.

b. Space shall feature hard-surfacing and provide amenities that encourage use, such as seating, outdoor grills, and weather protection elements.

c. Space shall integrate landscaping elements that enhance the character of the space and encourage its use.

d. Space shall incorporate features that provide for the safety of residents, such as enclosures, railings, and appropriate lighting levels.

3. Private Ground Level Open Space. This space is adjacent and directly accessible to the subject unit. Examples include yards, stoops, and porches. Private ground level open space shall meet the following design standards:

a. Such open spaces shall be enclosed by a fence and/or hedge at least eighteen (18) inches in height to qualify, but no higher than forty-two (42) inches when adjacent to a street, common outdoor recreation area, or public space. Taller privacy screens between units are acceptable.

b. Private porches that face a street or a common outdoor recreation area may qualify as amenity space, provided they are at least fifty (50) square feet in area, with no dimension less than six (6) feet.

c. Private ground level open space in excess of minimum requirements set forth in this section shall not be used in the calculations for determining the minimum residential amenity space requirements for other units in the development.

Figure 17.62.030(F)(3). Private Ground Level Open Space Examples

4. Private Balconies. This space is adjacent and directly accessible to the subject unit. Private balconies shall meet the following design standards:

a. Private balconies should be at least partially recessed into the building facade, when provided, and integrated into the building design to provide protection from the weather.

b. Balconies shall be at least thirty-six (36) square feet in area with no dimension less than six (6) feet to qualify as amenity space.

c. Individual balconies larger than the minimum size requirements set forth in this section shall not be used in the calculations for determining the minimum useable open space requirements for other units in the development.

5. Shared Indoor Recreation Areas. Examples include, but are not limited to, multi-purpose entertainment space, fitness center, movie theater, kitchen, library, workshop, conference room, or similar amenities that promote shared use and a sense of community. Shared indoor recreation areas shall meet the following design standards:

a. The space shall be accessible to all residents of the development.

b. The minimum area is two hundred fifty (250) square feet. The space shall feature dimensions necessary to provide functional leisure or recreational activity (unless otherwise noted herein).

c. The space shall be located in a visible area, such as near an entrance, lobby, elevator bank, or high traffic corridors.

d. The space shall be designed specifically to serve interior recreational functions and not merely be leftover unrentable space used to meet the open space requirement. Such space shall include amenities and design elements that will encourage use by residents.

17.62.040 Internal pedestrian access and design.

1. To improve the pedestrian and bicycling environment by making it easier, safer, and more comfortable to walk or ride among residences, to businesses, to the street sidewalk, to transit stops, through parking lots, to adjacent properties, and connections throughout the city.

2. To enhance access to on- and off-site open space areas and pedestrian/bicycle paths.

B. Access to Sidewalk. All buildings shall feature pedestrian connections to a sidewalk.

1. For Sites With Multiple Buildings. Internal walkways connecting businesses and residential entries on the same development site shall be provided. Routes shall minimize walking distances to the extent practical.

Figure 17.62.040(C)(1). Example Site Plan With Internal and External Pedestrian Connections

2. Pedestrian Walkways Through Parking Lots. Developments with eighty (80) or more parking spaces shall include specially marked or paved walkways through parking areas. At least one (1) walkway shall be provided for every four (4) rows of parking, or at a maximum spacing of two hundred (200) feet. The walkways shall provide a safe connection to the building entrance and meet the walkway design standards in subsection (D) of this section. See examples below.

Figure 17.62.040(C)(2). Parking Lot Pedestrian Walkway Standards and Examples

1. All internal walkways shall have a minimum five (5) feet wide unobstructed walking surface. Exceptions:

a. Where wider walkways are prescribed elsewhere in this chapter or where the applicable uses and context dictate wider walkways as determined by the director.

b. Reduced widths are allowed for walkways connecting to one (1) or two (2) dwelling units.

2. Walkway Design for Strip Malls. Where walkways are between a parking lot and a multi-tenant commercial or mixed-use building which is one hundred (100) feet or more long, walkways shall feature a twelve (12) foot wide sidewalk with the following features:

a. Eight (8) feet minimum unobstructed width.

b. Trees placed at an average of fifty (50) feet on center and placed in grates or in planting strips as set forth in subsection (D)(2)(c) of this section.

c. Planting strips may be used between any vehicle access or parking area and the walkway; provided, that the trees required above are included, the walkway meets the applicable width standards herein, and the combined walkway and planting strip is at least twelve (12) feet wide.

Figure 17.62.040(D). Example of a Successful Pedestrian Sidewalk Between Parking Lot and Storefront

1. In the waterfront zone public use and access to the Chehalis River and Wishkah River shorelines shall be provided with all new development except industrial uses.

2. A trail that extends along all of the waterfront with viewpoints and access points shall be provided within thirty-five (35) feet of the ordinary high water mark. Flexibility may be allowed to vary the location of the path, keeping it as close to the river as possible. Under special circumstances, the path may be allowed to vary or depart from the river for short distances. Also, it may be necessary from time to time to temporarily close a portion of the path.

3. Along the pathway there shall be viewpoints and access points provided for the public.

4. All applications submitted shall comply with the intent and purposes of Section 14.50.220 regarding public access.

5. Building shall include at least one (1) entrance for each one hundred (100) feet opening onto the waterfront trail.

6. At least fifteen (15) percent of building elevations facing the trail shall include windows and doors (garage doors do not qualify) to increase visibility of the trail.

7. Operable windows, balconies, roof decks, and other features providing a direct sensory connection to the waterfront trail are encouraged.

17.62.050 Vehicular circulation and parking.

The standards herein supplement the provisions of the Aberdeen engineering standards. Where there is a conflict, the provisions herein apply, except that the city engineer may override this requirement and apply the public works standard for a driveway if the city engineer finds that a failure to apply the engineering standards will result in a threat to public safety.

1. To create a safe, convenient, and efficient network for vehicle circulation and parking.

2. To enhance the visual character of interior access roads.

3. To minimize conflicts with pedestrian circulation and activity.

B. Driveways. Driveways shall meet the requirements of the Aberdeen engineering standards, including, but not limited to, standards for intersection spacing, distance from crosswalks, and width.

1. Internal shared-access drives shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet wide within a minimum twenty (20) feet wide easement (if applicable). Alternative designs will be considered in consultation with the fire department based on whether fire apparatus can enter the site, location and distance of fire hydrants, provision of fire-suppression sprinklers, and water supply availability.

2. Internal shared-access drives may provide direct access to off-street parking spaces and/or incorporate parallel parking spaces, provided the minimum dimensional standards of Section 17.53.040(B) are met. Note that certain parking angles may require wider dimensions than those required in subsection (A) of this section.

1. Parking garage entries and service area entries shall be well integrated into the design of the building and shall not dominate the streetscape. They should be designed and sited to complement, not subordinate, the pedestrian entry.

2. Where vehicles enter and exit a parking garage or service area across a sidewalk or internal walkway, direct visibility between pedestrians and motorists shall be provided. Mirrors and electronic visual/audio warnings alone are not acceptable methods. Direct visibility shall be provided with one (1) or more of the following features:

a. Setback entries.

b. Cropped wall corners or chamfers.

c. Wall openings.

d. Other treatments to enhance safety and visibility.

3. Sidewalk paving should be continuous across parking garage and service entries. Pavement markings or changes in pavement color or materials shall be used.

4. At least forty (40) feet of queuing space, or the length of the design vehicle planned for service access, shall be provided in the space between a sidewalk and a security threshold (e.g., gate or door) of garage and service area entries.

5. Garage entry doors and gates, if provided, shall be at least fifty (50) percent transparent between the bottom and top of the door or gate to enhance the safety of garage users.

1. Are not permitted in the DT-MU, NC-MU, and residential zones.

2. Screening. Drive-through lanes, including waiting and holding lanes, shall be buffered from the street and internal walkways by one (1) of the design options set forth in Table 17.62.050(E)(2):

When Adjacent to a Street	When Adjacent to an Internal Walkway
10-foot-wide planting strip with Type B or C landscaping per Section 17.64.050.	5-foot-wide planting strip with Type B or C landscaping per Section 17.64.050.
5-foot-wide planting strip with Type B or C landscaping per Section 17.64.050 combined with a wall at least 3 feet high constructed of brick, stone, or siding materials that match the principal walls of the building.	A wall at least 3 feet high constructed of brick, stone or siding materials that match the principal walls of the building.

3. Pedestrian Access. Drive-through lanes shall not prevent pedestrian access between a public sidewalk and on-site buildings. Designated walkways shall not be located within required stacking space. Figure 17.62.050(E)(3) shows an acceptable example of how pedestrian access and other design requirements can be integrated for drive-through facilities when integrated between the street and a building.

Figure 17.62.050(E)(3). Drive-Through Example

17.62.060 Service areas and mechanical equipment.

1. To minimize adverse visual, odor, fumes, and noise impacts of mechanical equipment, utility cabinets and other service areas at ground and roof levels.

2. To provide adequate, durable, well-maintained, and accessible service and equipment areas.

3. To protect residential uses and adjacent properties from impacts due to location and utilization of service areas.

B. Location of Ground-Level Service Areas and Mechanical Equipment. Ground-level building service areas and mechanical equipment include loading docks, trash collection and compactors, dumpster areas, storage tanks, electrical panels, HVAC equipment, and other utility equipment. If any such elements are outside the building envelope at ground level, the following location standards apply:

1. Service areas shall be located for convenient service access while avoiding negative visual, auditory, olfactory, or physical impacts on the streetscape environment and adjacent residentially zoned properties.

2. Service areas shall not be visible from the sidewalk and adjacent properties. Where the director finds that the only option for locating a service area is an area visible from a public right-of-way, resident/customer parking area, internal walkway or pedestrian area, or from an adjacent property, the service area shall be screened with the structural and landscaping screening measures provided in subsection (C) of this section.

3. Service areas for multiple users or tenants shall be co-located or consolidated to the extent practical.

4. Service areas shall be sited for alley access if available. Service elements accessible from an alley are exempt from the screening requirements of this section.

5. Trash collection areas shall include roofs or overhead weather protection and shall meet required stormwater standards. Drainage shall be designed to meet applicable NPDES standards.

6. Exterior loading areas for commercial uses shall not be located within twenty (20) feet of a residentially zoned property (areas adjacent to alleys are an exception).

DEPARTURE: Exterior commercial loading areas are exempt from this standard if the director finds such a restriction does not allow feasible development and alternative design measures can successfully mitigate potential negative impacts. For example, areas and drives may be required to be separated from the residential lot by a masonry wall at least eight (8) feet high.

7. Other provisions of this section notwithstanding, service areas used by residents shall be located to avoid entrapment areas and other conditions where personal security is potentially a problem. Pedestrian-scaled lighting or other measures may be needed to enhance security.

8. Noise-producing mechanical equipment, such as fans, heat pumps, etc., shall be located and/or shielded to minimize sounds and reduce impacts to adjacent dwelling units.

9. Dumpster storage areas shall be provided for all development, located on site and not in the public right-of-way, and sized to accommodate the minimum dumpster sizes (as provided by the Aberdeen engineering standards).

C. Screening of Ground-Level Service Areas and Mechanical Equipment. Where screening of ground level service areas is required (see subsection (B)(2) of this section), the following applies:

1. Structural enclosures shall be constructed of masonry, heavy-gauge metal, heavy timber, or other decay-resistant material that is also used with the architecture of the main building. Alternative materials other than those used for the main building are permitted if the finishes are similar in color and texture, or if the proposed enclosure materials are more durable than those for the main structure. The walls shall be sufficient to provide full screening from the affected roadway, pedestrian areas, or adjacent use, but shall be no greater than seven (7) feet tall. The enclosure may use overlapping walls as a screening method. See Figure 17.62.060(C).

Figure 17.62.060(C). Acceptable Trash Screening Enclosures

2. Gates shall be made of heavy-gauge, sight-obscuring material. Chain link or chain link with slats is not an acceptable material for enclosures or gates.

3. Where the interior of a service enclosure is visible from surrounding streets, walkways, or residential units, an opaque or semi-opaque horizontal cover or screen shall be used to mitigate unsightly views. The horizontal screen/cover should be integrated into the enclosure design (in terms of materials and/or design).

4. Trash collection points shall be located and configured so that the enclosure gate swing does not obstruct pedestrian or vehicle vehicular traffic, or does not require that a hauling truck project into any public right-of-way. Screening elements shall allow for efficient service delivery and removal operations.

5. The service area shall be paved.

6. The sides and rear of service enclosures shall be screened with Type B landscaping (as set forth in Section 17.64.050) at least five (5) feet wide in locations visible from the street, parking lots, and walkways to soften views of the screening element and add visual interest. Plants shall be arranged with a minimum of fifty (50) percent coverage at time of installation and be able to grow to fully screen or shield the equipment within three (3) years.

DEPARTURES will be considered, provided the enclosure and landscaping treatment meet the purpose of the standards and add visual interest to site users.

D. Utility Meters, Electrical Conduit, and Other Service Utility Apparatus. These elements shall be located and/or designed to minimize their visibility to the public. Project designers are strongly encouraged to coordinate with applicable service providers early in the design process to determine the best approach in meeting these standards. If such elements are mounted in a location visible from the street, internal walkway, common outdoor recreation area, or shared auto courtyards, they shall be screened with vegetation and/or integrated into the building’s architecture.

Figure 17.62.060(D). Acceptable Trash Screening Enclosures

1. All rooftop mechanical equipment, including air conditioners, heaters, vents, and similar equipment, shall be fully screened from public view at the street level and from rooftop residential amenity spaces. Screening shall be located so as not to interfere with operation of the equipment.

Exception: Roof-mounted wind turbines, solar energy and photovoltaic systems, and rainwater reuse systems do not require screening.

2. For rooftop equipment, all screening devices shall be well integrated into the architectural design through such elements as parapet walls, false roofs, roof wells, clerestories, or equipment rooms. Screening walls or unit-mounted screening is allowed but less desirable. Wood shall not be used for screens or enclosures. Louvered designs are acceptable if consistent with building design style.

3. The screening materials shall be of material requiring minimal maintenance and shall be as high as the equipment being screened.

4. Noise producing mechanical equipment, such as fans, heat pumps, etc., shall be located and/or shielded to minimize sounds and reduce impacts to adjacent dwelling units.

17.62.070 Site lighting.

1. To ensure that lighting contributes to the character of the streetscape and does not disturb adjacent developments and residences.

2. Protect against light pollution, thereby reclaiming the ability to view the night sky and helping to preserve the quality of life and scenic value of this desirable visual resource throughout the region and nearby natural open spaces.

3. Ensure that sufficient lighting can be provided where needed to promote safety and security on public and private property, and to allow for reasonable lighting for outdoor activities.

B. Applicability. All outdoor lighting shall comply with the provisions herein, unless otherwise exempted. This includes, but is not limited to, new lighting, replacement lighting, additions and alterations, or any other lighting whether attached to buildings, poles, structures, the earth, or any other location.

1. The following types of lighting are exempt from the provisions of this section:

a. Lighting solely for signs.

b. Underwater lighting.

c. Temporary and seasonal cord-and-plug portable lighting.

d. Construction or emergency lighting.

e. Outdoor rope and string lights for outdoor seating and gathering areas.

1. All luminaires shall be fully shielded and shall not emit light into the upper hemisphere around the luminaire or onto adjacent properties and structures, either through exterior full cut-off shields or through optics within the fixture. Support and mounting systems for luminaires shall not allow post-installation adjustments that could defeat compliance with this requirement.

2. City-approved standardized fixtures shall be used for sidewalk lighting located within the right-of-way.

1. Freestanding lighting fixtures in parking lots shall not exceed twenty (20) feet in height. Lighting fixtures on the top level of parking garages shall not exceed twelve (12) feet in height.

2. Pedestrian scale lighting shall not exceed sixteen (16) feet in height.

3. Building-mounted exterior lighting shall not be placed at any point greater than twenty (20) feet above the adjacent grade, except the height limit is fourteen (14) feet when within one hundred (100) feet of a residential zone. This standard does not apply to:

a. Fully recessed lights, such as when mounted on the underside of a gas station fueling canopy or a building roof overhang.

b. Architectural lighting, which is oriented towards the building and intended to accentuate the architectural features of the building.

4. Building-mounted exterior lighting for roof decks is permitted provided the luminaires are located at least ten (10) feet horizontally from the edge of the roof.

E. Parking Lot Lighting. Lighting in parking lots shall be appropriate to create adequate visibility at night and evenly distributed to increase security. Lighting shall be located so that trees within the parking lot do not obscure the operation of the light fixture.

1. Automated control systems, such as energy management systems, photoelectric switches, motion sensors, and astronomic timer switches, shall be used to meet the hours of operation requirements and the technical and energy efficiency requirements of the applicable Washington State Energy Code.

a. Egress lighting as required by the building code.

b. Lighting required for accessibility.

c. Lighting required by statute, law, or ordinance to operate all night.

d. A manual override at each exit door is allowed regardless of automatic control device.

e. Seasonal holiday lighting and event lighting.

1. Dynamic lighting.

2. Luminaires exceeding five hundred thousand (500,000) peak candelas and/or five hundred thousand (500,000) lumens.

3. Laser lighting.

4. Any lighting of undeveloped environmentally sensitive areas.

5. Any lighting that may be confused with warning signals, emergency signals, or traffic signals.

6. Mercury, low pressure sodium, or other light sources in public areas that can impede or distort the perception of actual colors.

7. Blinking, flashing, intermittent, and/or moving lights unless specifically allowed elsewhere in the Aberdeen Municipal Code.

8. Lighting permanently attached to trees.

17.63.010 Applicability.

A. The provisions of this chapter apply to all nonresidential and multifamily development. The following are exempt:

1. Industrial uses.

2. Light industrial uses.

B. Townhouse buildings are subject to the provisions of Section 17.43.010 and exempt from the building design provisions herein, except when authorized by Section 17.43.010.

C. Public buildings may be exempted from building massing and articulation standards (see Section 17.63.020), building materials provisions (see Section 17.63.030), and blank wall treatment standards (see Section 17.63.040), provided design treatments are integrated to meet the following objectives:

1. Enliven the pedestrian environment along the adjacent sidewalks.

2. Incorporate a prominent and inviting entry visible from the street.

3. Building design and materials should evoke a sense of permanence.

4. Site and building design stands out from the surrounding context as a distinct landmark and provides visual interest from all observable scales.

17.63.020 Building massing and articulation.

1. To employ facade articulation techniques that reduce the perceived scale of large buildings and add visual interest from all observable scales.

2. To create clear and welcoming building entries.

B. Exemption. Buildings with less than sixty (60) horizontal feet of facade are exempt from this section.

C. Facade Articulation. Multifamily residential buildings shall include facade articulation features at no more than the designated maximum intervals to create a human-scaled pattern. This standard applies to building elevations facing streets, parks, containing primary building entrances, and adjacent to lower intensity zones. Alley-facing building elevations not adjacent to a lower intensity zone are exempt.

1. The maximum horizontal length of intervals is fifty (50) feet.

2. At least three (3) of the following articulation features shall be employed in compliance with maximum interval standards in subsection (C)(1) of this section:

a. Use of windows and/or entries.

b. Use of weather protection features.

c. Use of vertical piers/columns (applies to all floors of the facade, excluding upper level stepbacks).

d. Roofline modulation, including either:

(1) Change in flat roof or cornice height of at least two (2) feet.

(2) Section of pitched roof or at least twenty (20) feet and with a minimum slope of 5:12.

e. Change in building material, siding style, and/or window pattern (applies to all floors of the facade, excluding upper level stepbacks).

f. Vertical elements such as a trellis with plants, green wall, art element that meet the purpose of the standard.

g. Providing vertical building modulation of at least twelve (12) inches in depth if tied to a change in roofline per subsection (C)(2)(d) of this section or a change in building material, siding style, or color. Balconies may be used to qualify for this option if they are recessed or projected from the facade by at least eighteen (18) inches. Juliet balconies or other balconies that appear to be tacked on to the facade will not qualify for this option unless they employ high quality materials and effectively meet the purpose of the standards.

h. Other design techniques that effectively reinforce a pattern of small facades compatible with the building’s surrounding context.

DEPARTURES will be considered, provided they meet the purpose of the standards and the design criteria in subsection (D) of this section. For example, a departure may propose a design with only two (2) articulation features instead of three (3) or the articulation features exceed the maximum articulation interval.

D. DEPARTURE Criteria Associated With Articulation Standards. Proposals shall meet the purpose of the standards. The following criteria will be considered in determining whether the proposed articulation treatment meets the “purpose.”

1. Consider the type and width of the proposed articulation treatment and how effective it is in meeting the purpose given the building’s current and desired context (per Aberdeen’s comprehensive plan).

2. Consider the size and width of the building. Smaller buildings warrant greater flexibility than larger buildings.

3. Consider the quality of facade materials in concert with doors, windows, and other facade features and their ability to add visual interest to the street from a pedestrian scale and more distant observable scales.

E. Maximum Facade Width. Large street facing elevations and other building elevations facing a lower intensity zone edge shall include at least one (1) of the following features to break up the massing of the building and add visual interest. This standard applies to applicable building elevations wider than one hundred fifty (150) feet.

1. Provide vertical building modulation at least six (6) feet deep and fifteen (15) feet wide. For multi-story buildings, the modulation shall extend through at least one-half (0.5) of the building floors.

2. Use of a contrasting vertical modulated design component featuring all of the following:

a. Utilizes a change in building materials that effectively contrast from the rest of the facade.

b. Component is modulated vertically from the rest of the facade by an average of six (6) inches.

3. Facade employs building walls with contrasting articulation that make it appear like multiple distinct buildings. To qualify for this option, these contrasting facades shall employ all of the following:

a. Different building materials and/or configuration of building materials.

b. Contrasting window design (sizes or configurations).

4. DEPARTURES to subsections (E)(1) through (E)(3) of this section will be considered provided the design meets the purpose of the standards. Supplemental consideration for approving alternative designs:

a. Width of the Facade. The larger the facade, the more substantial the articulation/modulation features need to be.

b. Block Frontage Designation. Storefront designated block frontages warrant the most scrutiny while undesignated streets warrant more flexibility.

c. The type of articulation treatment and how effective it is in meeting the purpose given the building’s context.

Figure 17.63.040(E). Illustrating Maximum Facade Width Standards and Good and Bad Examples

F. Articulated Building Entries. The primary building entrance for an office building, hotel, apartment building, large single tenant retail building (over fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet floor area), public or community-based facility or other multi-story commercial building shall be designed as a clearly defined and demarcated standout architectural feature of the building. Such entrances shall be easily distinguishable from regular storefront entrances on the building. Such entries shall be scaled proportional to the building. See Figure 17.63.020(F) for good examples.

Figure 17.62.020(F). Acceptable Building Entry Examples

17.63.030 Building materials.

1. To encourage the use of durable, high quality, and urban building materials that minimize maintenance cost and provide visual interest from all observable vantage points.

2. To promote the use of a distinctive mix of materials that helps to articulate facades and lends a sense of depth and richness to the buildings.

3. To place the highest priority on the first floor in the quality and detailing of materials at the pedestrian scale.

B. Quality Building Materials. Applicants shall use high quality, durable materials. This is most important for the base of buildings, particularly for commercial and mixed-use buildings where the facade is sited close to sidewalks. Stone, brick or tile masonry, architectural concrete or other similar highly durable materials shall be used for at least the bottom two (2) feet of the first floor facade on nonresidential and mixed-use buildings (excluding window and door areas).

1. Concrete block (a.k.a. concrete masonry unit or CMU) may be used as a cladding material for street-facing elevations if it is incorporated with other permitted materials and/or incorporates a combination of textures and/or colors to add visual interest. For example, combining split- or rock-facade units with smooth blocks can create distinctive patterns. The figure below illustrates acceptable concrete block use/designs.

Figure 17.63.030(C)(1). Acceptable Concrete Block Use/Design

2. Metal siding may be used on all street-facing building elevations provided it complies with the following standards:

a. It shall feature visible corner molding and trim and does not extend to the ground level of nonresidential and mixed-use buildings and no lower than two (2) feet above grade for residential buildings. Masonry, concrete, or other durable material shall be incorporated between the metal siding and the ground plane.

b. Metal siding shall be factory finished, with a matte, nonreflective surface.

DEPARTURES will be considered provided the material’s integration and overall facade composition meets the purpose of the standards.

Figure 17.63.030(C)(2). Acceptable Metal Siding Examples

3. Standards for the use of exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS). Such material/finishes may be used when it complies with the following:

a. EIFS is limited to no more than fifty (50) percent of the total facade area.

b. EIFS shall not be used on the ground level storefront facades containing nonresidential uses.

DEPARTURES will be considered, provided the material’s integration and overall facade composition meets the purpose of the standards.

Figure 17.63.060(C)(3). Acceptable and Unacceptable EIFS Examples

4. Roofing Materials. Light-colored roof materials are encouraged.

17.63.040 Blank wall treatment.

1. To avoid untreated blank walls.

2. To retain and enhance the character of Aberdeen’s streetscapes.

B. Blank Wall Definition. A ground floor wall or portion of a ground floor wall over ten (10) feet in height and a horizontal length greater than fifteen (15) feet and does not include a transparent window or door.

Figure 17.63.040(B). Blank Wall Definition

C. Blank Wall Treatment Standards. Untreated blank walls adjacent to a public street, pedestrian-oriented space, common usable open space, or pedestrian pathway are prohibited. Methods to treat blank walls can include:

1. Display windows with at least sixteen (16) inches of depth to allow for changeable displays. Tack-on display cases (see Figure 17.63.040(C)) do not qualify as a blank wall treatment.

2. Landscape planting bed at least five (5) feet wide or a raised planter bed at least two (2) feet high and three (3) feet wide in front of the wall with planting materials that are sufficient to obscure or screen at least sixty (60) percent of the wall’s surface within three (3) years.

3. Installing a vertical trellis in front of the wall with climbing vines or plant materials.

4. Installing a mural as approved by the director.

5. Special building detailing that adds visual interest at a pedestrian scale. Such detailing shall use a variety of surfaces; monotonous designs will not meet the purpose of the standards.

For large visible blank walls, a variety of treatments may be required to meet the purpose of the standards.

DEPARTURES will be considered provided the entire facade composition meets the purpose of the standards for the context of the wall (e.g., walls along pathway corridors connecting parking areas to building entries might be granted more flexibility than street facades).

Figure 17.63.040(C). Blank Wall Treatment Examples

17.64.010 Purpose.

Landscaping is necessary to provide a well-balanced, aesthetically pleasing environment for residents of Aberdeen. These requirements are intended to accomplish the following:

A. Maintain and enhance property values and improve economic stability.

B. Enhance the character and appearance of commercial and multifamily areas.

C. Promote tree retention and the protection of existing native vegetation.

D. Provide adequate buffers between differing land uses.

E. Define, break up, and screen parking areas to reduce potentially negative impacts on adjacent uses.

F. Improve air quality and reduce water and noise pollution.

G. Reduce erosion and stormwater runoff.

17.64.020 Applicability and compliance.

This chapter applies to all required landscaping installed or altered on all properties.

17.64.030 Landscape plans.

A. A landscape plan is required for all new multifamily and nonresidential development containing landscaping, including landscaping within the adjacent right-of-way. The landscape plan shall be submitted as part of the applicable review process within Section 17.20.030.

B. Landscape plans shall be completed by a Washington State-licensed landscape architect or Washington-certified professional horticulturalist (CPH) for multifamily and nonresidential developments with a development site area of ten thousand (10,000) gross square feet or more.

C. Landscape plans shall show the following elements:

1. Boundaries and dimensions of the site.

2. Location of existing and proposed streets, curbs, utility lines, sidewalks, and easements.

3. Location of buildings and structures, parking lots, driveways, loading areas, outdoor mechanical equipment, signs, refuse enclosures, overhead utilities, water meter location, grassy swales, parking lot lighting, and any plants or trees that are to remain on site.

4. The location and design of landscape areas to be preserved and planted, and plant list indicating the location, quantity, size and type of plant material by botanical and common name.

5. North arrow and scale.

6. Irrigation system if a permanent or temporary system is proposed.

7. Planting details.

8. Name, address and phone number of the person preparing the plan.

9. Landscaping calculations in compliance with this chapter.

10. A maintenance plan for any infiltration-based stormwater best management practices (BMPs) built as part of the landscaping design, including the specifications and maintenance procedures of any soil amendments.

11. The location of existing trees to be preserved, or new trees to be planted.

12. Topography of the site and any fill or grading to performed.

D. No building permits or certificate of occupancy (CO) shall be issued until a landscape plan is reviewed and approved and improvements installed per the approved landscape plan. A suitable guarantee may be provided if installation is not possible or advisable due to seasonal constraints.

17.64.040 Plant material and installation standards.

A. Native and Naturalized Plant Species. New landscaping materials shall include species native to the region or hardy, waterwise, and noninvasive species appropriate in the climatic conditions of the region (decorative annuals are an exception). Generally acceptable plant materials shall be those identified as hardy in Zone 9a as described in the United States Department of Agriculture’s Plant Hardiness Zone Map. The selection of plant species should include consideration of soil type and depth, the amount of maintenance required, spacing, exposure to sun and wind, the slope and contours of the site, compatibility with existing native vegetation preserved on the site, water conservation where needed, soil infiltration capacity, and the impact of landscaping on visibility of the site for purposes of public safety and surveillance.

1. Tree heights may be called for within this chapter or elsewhere within this title:

a. Large tree: Capable of growing thirty-five (35) feet high or greater under normal growing conditions.

b. Medium tree: Capable of growing over fifteen (15) feet high and less than thirty-five (35) feet high under normal growing conditions.

c. Small tree: Capable of growing up to fifteen (15) feet high under normal growing conditions.

2. Trees shall be planted at the following spacing standards (“on-center” refers to the distance from other trees of any size):

a. Large trees shall be spaced between twenty (20) and forty-five (45) feet on center.

b. Medium trees shall be spaced between fifteen (15) and thirty-five (35) feet on center.

c. Small trees shall be spaced between ten (10) and twenty-five (25) feet on center.

3. Unless otherwise noted herein, required trees shall meet the following standards at the time of planting:

a. Required deciduous trees (other than street trees) shall be fully branched, have a minimum caliper of one and one-half (1.5) inches (as measured six (6) inches above the root ball), and a minimum height of six (6) feet at the time of planting.

b. Required deciduous trees within parking areas shall be a minimum caliper of one (1) inch (as measured six (6) inches above the root ball) and a minimum height of ten (10) feet at the time of planting.

c. Required evergreen trees shall be fully branched and a minimum of six (6) feet in height, measured from the treetop to the ground, at the time of planting.

C. Shrub Standard. Shrubs, except for ornamental grasses, shall be a minimum of one (1) gallon size at the time of planting.

1. Ground covers shall be planted and spaced to result in total coverage of the required landscape area within three (3) years, or as per recommendations by a Washington State-licensed landscape architect or Washington-certified professional horticulturalist as follows:

a. Four (4) inch pots at eighteen (18) inches on center.

b. One (1) gallon or greater sized containers at twenty-four (24) inches on center.

c. A bed of flowers in place of ground cover plants. A reduction in the minimum size may be permitted if certified by a Washington State-licensed landscape architect or Washington-certified professional horticulturalist that the reduction shall not diminish the intended effect or the likelihood the plants will survive.

2. Grass is acceptable as ground cover in landscaped areas, but generally not preferred for water conservation and maintenance purposes (lawn areas designed as play areas are an exception). Drought-tolerant lawn mixes appropriate for the Pacific Northwest are encouraged as an alternative to turf grass.

3. Ground cover areas shall contain at least two (2) inches of composted organic material at finished grade.

1. If there are more than eight (8) required trees, no more than forty (40) percent of them may be of one (1) species.

2. If there are more than twenty-four (24) required trees, no more than twenty (20) percent of them may be of one (1) species.

3. If there are more than twenty-four (24) required shrubs, no more than seventy-five (75 percent) of them may be of one (1) species.

1. Existing soils shall be augmented with a two (2) inch layer of fully composted organic material tilled a minimum of six (6) inches deep prior to initial planting.

2. Landscape areas shall be covered with at least two (2) inches of mulch to minimize evaporation. Mulch shall consist of organic materials such as bark chips and wood grindings or yard waste, sawdust, and/or manure that is fully composted. Washed rock can also be used as a mulch.

1. All required landscaping shall be in ground, except when in raised planters. Plant materials will be installed to current nursery industry standards.

2. Plant materials shall be properly supported to ensure survival. Support devices such as guy wires or stakes shall not interfere with vehicular or pedestrian movement. Where support is necessary, stakes, guy wires or other measures shall be removed as soon as the plant can support itself.

3. Existing trees and plant materials to be retained shall be protected during construction, such as by use of chain link or other sturdy fence placed at the dripline of trees to be retained. Grading, topsoil storage, construction material storage, vehicles and equipment shall not be allowed within the dripline of trees to be retained.

4. Installation of landscaping materials shall take into consideration access to utility vaults, pedestals, and other public and private utility facilities.

5. Tree/Shrub Height and Location. The landscape plan should plan for the mature size of trees and major shrubs to avoid interference with windows, decks, or lighting.

6. Trees shall be protected by fencing until they are mature enough to withstand typical wildlife activity.

17.64.050 Landscaping types.

Below are the planting and design requirements for specific landscaping types. These landscaping types apply when required by different sections of code within this chapter and elsewhere in this division.

Landscaping Type	Purpose	Screening Requirement	Planting Requirements
Type A: Full visual barrier¹	Visual buffer between incompatible uses such as industrial and residential areas.	Shall screen 70 percent of unwanted views within 5 years of planting and 100 percent within 6 years.	• Tree type: minimum of 50 percent evergreen. ² • Tree size: variety with minimum 70 percent medium or large³ • Shrubs: predominantly evergreen provided at the rate of 1 shrub per 20 square feet of landscape strip. • Groundcover: planted at a density to cover the buffer within 3 years.
Type B: Filtered screen¹	• Visual buffer between differing types of residential development • For screening unwanted views from the pedestrian environment	Shall fulfill purpose of standards within 5 years of planting (accounting for size, characteristics, typical growth rate, and size at maturity).	• Trees type: minimum 50 percent deciduous and 30 percent evergreen. ² Tree size: minimum 70 percent are medium or large.³ Shrubs: provided at the rate of one shrub per 20 square feet of landscape strip and spaced no more than 8 feet on center. Groundcover: planted at a density to cover the buffer within 3 years.
Type C: See-through screen¹	• Visual separator softens the appearance of parking areas and building elevations • Used along lot frontages or between multifamily developments.	Shall fulfill purpose of standards within 5 years of planting (accounting for size, characteristics, typical growth rate, and size at maturity).	• Trees type: minimum 50 percent deciduous and 30 percent evergreen. ² Tree size: minimum 70-percent medium or large.³ Shrubs: Provided at the rate of 1 shrub per 20 square feet of landscape strip and spaced no more than 8 feet on center. Groundcover: Planted at a density to cover the buffer within 3 years. Maintain trees and shrubs to maximize pedestrian visibility (generally between 3 and 8 feet above grade).
Type D	All other landscaped areas that do not qualify as Type A, B, or C landscaping, a hedge, or rain garden.		• Native and low maintenance trees and shrubs are encouraged; however, lawn areas may be used for recreational or design purposes. • Planting areas may include flower beds and perennial beds. • Planting areas may include a combination of plant materials provided they comply with the plant materials standards in Section 17.64.050.
Type E: Low Hedge	Functions as an attractive visual divider of space rather than a visual buffer between uses and properties.		• Planting shall be at least 30 inches wide and 30 inches tall. • Includes plants that typically grow no taller than 5 feet at maturity or are maintained between 30 inches and 48 inches tall.
Type F: Rain garden	A nonengineered planted depression that collects, absorbs, and filters rain water runoff from impervious areas.		• Located and designed to capture impervious area runoff.⁴ • 6 to 12-inch ponding depth • 2 to 3-inch mulch layer. • Gradual side slopes (typically 2:1 maximum). • Overflow design elements with measures to prevent erosion. • Generous plantings of a variety of small trees, shrubs, ground covers, and grasses suitable for the planting zones within the garden and around the perimeter.

1DEPARTURES that vary from the planting requirements will be considered provided the proposal meets the screening requirements.

2Trees and shrubs shall comply with species diversity requirements in Section 17.64.040(E).

3Tree height descriptions and spacing requirements found in Section 17.64.040(B).

4Refer to the current Rain Garden Handbook for Western Washington for further guidance on rain garden location, design, planting, construction, and maintenance. Compliance with the current Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (SWMMWW) may alter these requirements.

Figure 17.64.050. Graphic Summary of Defined Landscape Types

17.64.060 Landscaping site design standards.

A. Required Buffer Standards. Screening between certain uses may be called for in Table 17.64.060(A) or elsewhere in this title. Interpretation of Table 17.64.060(A):

1. Where mature trees and vegetation exist within the required buffer areas, the preservation of said mature trees and vegetation may be preferable to new plant materials. The director may require any of the following to better ensure the survival of existing mature trees and vegetation:

a. Augment existing plantings with new plant materials to meet the purpose of the standards.

b. Require wider buffers to better ensure the survival of existing mature trees and vegetation. This shall be accompanied by use of a buffer averaging approach in which the buffer may be reduced in other locations to achieve, on average, the minimum buffer width required in Table 17.64.060(A) or elsewhere in this title.

c. Other supplemental planting conditions.

2. The letters A, B, C, D, E, and F refer to the landscape types described in Section 17.64.050. Where more than one (1) buffer type is referenced in a cell, one (1) of the subject buffer types is required. The term “All” means that any of the landscaping types may be used.

3. The term “fence” refers to the requirement of a six (6) foot high sight-screening fence. Such fences shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 17.67, Fences, Walls, and Hedges.

4. Where the cells are empty, there are no landscaping buffer requirements for the particular situation.

5. The numbers refer to the minimum required width of the required landscaping buffer.

6. Where superscript numbers are included in a cell, see the corresponding note matching the number below the table.

7. Where the developing use is across the street from an existing abutting use or zone, only the buffer type listed for the abutting street is required.

8. The screening elements shall extend along the entire property line between the uses/properties except where precluded by structures, driveways, or similar obstructions.

9. DEPARTURES. Alternative buffer treatments may be approved per Section 17.20.210 for any of the buffer types required below, provided they meet the purpose of this chapter.

Developing Use	Existing Abutting Uses and Zones
Developing Use	Street	RL Zones¹	RH and F-R Zones or Multi-Family Use	C, WF and CV Zones¹	FI Zones	P, Parks and Trails
Multifamily	See Section 17.61.050	Fence plus ABC-5'		Fence or ABC-5' or path²	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence or All-10' Note³
Low intensity nonresidential use⁴	See Chapter 17.61, Block Frontage Standards	Fence plus ABC-5'	Fence or AB-5'			Fence or All-5' Note³
Moderate intensity nonresidential use⁵		Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence plus ABC-5'			Fence plus ABC-10' Note³
High intensity non-residential use⁶		Fence plus ABC-15'	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence or A-5' B-10'		Fence plus ABC-15' Note³
Outdoor service or storage	A-10'	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence or A-5' B-10'		Fence plus ABC-15'
Heavy industry⁷	AB-10'	Fence plus ABC-15'	Fence plus ABC-15'	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence plus ABC-10'	Fence plus ABC-15'

1Where the abutting use meets the definition of multifamily, the developing use is subject to the landscape buffer type under the multifamily use column.

2A paved or gravel pathway separating the properties/uses. Landscaping planters at least three (3) feet wide separating the pathway from buildings (or other effective visual transitions between the pathway and building as determined by the director) are required.

3For developing multifamily or nonresidential uses adjacent to parks and trails, the director may eliminate requirements (where the uses are complementary to the park or trail and/or are designed to orient towards the park or trail) or adjust requirements to emphasize buffer types that enhance visibility between the developing use or focus more on visual screening depending on the context of the park or trail and type of developing use.

4“Low-intensity nonresidential use” means a small scale commercial use or development with less than twenty-five thousand (25,000) square feet of gross floor area and containing no outdoor storage along a site edge requiring a landscape buffer in this section.

5“Moderate-intensity nonresidential use” includes uses and/or developments that are moderate in scale and intensity. This includes uses and/or developments that do not qualify as a low-intensity nonresidential use (either they are too large or have some outdoor storage areas along the site edge requiring a landscape buffer in this section) or a high-intensity nonresidential use (not large enough or do not meet the use qualifications).

6“High-intensity nonresidential use” includes uses and/or developments with over one hundred twenty thousand (120,000) square feet of gross floor area or are classified as an industrial use per Chapter 17.45, Industrial Uses.

7“Heavy industry” includes those uses as defined in Section 17.45.010.

1. For screening requirements for service areas and mechanical equipment for nonresidential and multifamily development, see Section 17.62.060.

2. The height of any screen material required by this chapter in the vicinity of a point of ingress and egress may not exceed two and one-half (2.5) feet in height within the clear-vision triangle (Section 17.68.010).

1. Nonresidential and multifamily developments shall include landscaping between the sidewalk and building or parking areas in conformance with this chapter. Exceptions are allowed for pedestrian and vehicular access, pedestrian-oriented space, and utility elements.

2. Where buildings are set back at least fifteen (15) feet from a street property line, trees shall be planted at an average of thirty (30) feet apart in such planting areas, with groundcover or shrubs used liberally.

DEPARTURES may be considered, provided alternative treatments meet the purposes of this chapter.

3. Trees utilized in these planting areas shall minimize conflict with underground and overhead utilities. Trees to be utilized shall be from the approved list of recommended plant materials or an approved equivalent.

1. Purpose. The purpose of parking lot landscape development is to soften the visual effect created by large expanses of barren asphalt.

2. Required Area. Planting areas in new parking areas with twenty (20) or more spaces or in upgraded or improved parking areas with twenty (20) or more spaces shall constitute at least ten (10) percent of the parking area.

3. Minimum Width and Length. Planting areas shall have a minimum average width of ten (10) feet (measured inside the curb) and shall be the same length as the parking stall or column.

4. Planting Type. Type C landscaping shall be used in required planting areas. Rain gardens, or other vegetated LID BMPs, may be integrated into planting strips, provided they integrate the same number of trees as for Type C landscaping.

5. Distribution. Landscaped areas shall be distributed throughout the parking lot. No parking stall shall be more than sixty (60) feet from the nearest landscaping.

a. For parking lots adjacent to public streets, use Type C landscaping at a width equal to or greater than the minimum building setback specified for the applicable zone as set forth in Section 17.42.020. Alternatively, developments in commercial and mixed-use zones may use a five (5) foot wide planting strip using one (1) of the two (2) buffer types shown in Figure 17.64.060(D).

b. For parking lots along internal lot lines, use Type A, B, or C landscaping at least ten (10) feet deep, except where a greater buffer width is required per the standards in subsection (A) of this section. Where recorded cooperative parking agreements are in place between adjacent properties, sites shall be exempted from the subject parking lot landscaping buffer.

DEPARTURES to this standard will be considered per Section 17.20.210, provided they meet the purpose of the standards noted above. Examples of acceptable departures may include decorative low walls with landscaping, decorative elevated planters, landscaping with a trellis, a shared-access drive, or a shared pathway.

Figure 17.64.060(D). Examples of Alternative Parking Lot Landscaping Buffers

E. Existing Site Vegetation. Applicants are encouraged to retain existing native vegetation, including indigenous shrubs and herbaceous plants, and significant trees on the subject property. Significant tree means deciduous or evergreen trees at least six (6) inches in diameter at a point five (5) feet above the ground.

F. Use of Right-of-Way. In addition to the required planting areas above, landscaping of excess (unused) street and alley right-of-way and/or LID stormwater BMPs is encouraged.

1. Excess right-of-way is defined as the area of an undeveloped alley or street right-of-way, or the area between the property line and the street pavement, whether or not it contains a sidewalk.

2. All landscaping materials proposed to be installed in the right-of-way shall be reviewed to ensure that traffic safety considerations are met and future sidewalks can be added if they do not currently exist.

3. Irrigation or sprinkling systems are subject to the standards in Section 17.64.080.

4. Maintenance of landscaping in the right-of-way shall be the responsibility of the adjacent property owner; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall create or imply any interest of the property owner in the excess right-of-way; and provided further, that in the event the city shall undertake to utilize the excess right-of-way, any landscaping shall be removed by the property owner at their sole expense, or if not so removed may be destroyed by the city.

17.64.070 Maintenance.

A. The owners of the property and their agents, heirs, or assigns shall be responsible for maintaining all required landscaping and screening areas in a healthy growing condition.

B. All landscaping and screening areas shall be maintained reasonably free of weeds and trash, shall be treated for pest/diseases in accordance with the approved landscape plan, and shall prevent mulch, straw, dirt, or other materials from washing onto streets, sidewalks, and adjoining properties.

C. Any dead, unhealthy, or missing vegetation, or vegetation disfigured by severe or excessive pruning, unusual weather occurrence, natural catastrophe, or other natural occurrence such as damage by wild or domestic animals, shall be replaced with equivalent vegetation that conforms to the plant materials and installation standards in Section 17.64.040, other applicable standards of this title, and the approved site and/or subdivision plan.

D. Any engineered soil amendments shall be maintained and replaced as needed to continue the original function of stormwater best management practices.

E. The department shall have the authority to enforce the standards set forth in this chapter and the conditions attached to all permits for development pursuant to application of this chapter, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 17.10, General Provisions.

17.64.080 Irrigation standards.

The purpose of this standard is to ensure that plants will survive the critical establishment period when they are most vulnerable to drought.

All required landscaped areas in the city shall comply with at least one (1) of the following:

A. A permanent built-in irrigation system with an automatic controller will serve the proposed landscape area. The system shall be installed and operational before the city grants an occupancy permit or final inspection for the development.

B. A temporary irrigation system will serve the proposed landscape area. The applicant shall demonstrate that the temporary system will provide sufficient water through installation and plants will survive without supplemental watering once established.

C. A permanent or temporary irrigation system will not serve the proposed landscape area, provided:

1. The director finds the landscape area otherwise fulfills the requirements of this section; and

2. The applicant submits all of the following with the site plan application:

a. A statement from a Washington State-licensed landscape architect or Washington-certified professional horticulturalist (CPH) certifying that the materials to be planted will survive without watering other than natural rainfall;

b. A plan for monitoring the survival of required vegetation on the approved site plan for at least one (1) year and for detection and replacement of required vegetation that does not survive with like-kind material or other material approved by the reviewing authority;

c. A statement from the applicant agreeing to install an irrigation system if the reviewing authority finds one is needed to ensure survival of required vegetation, based on the results of the monitoring plan.

17.64.090 Performance assurance/bonding.

In the event that landscaping improvements cannot be installed prior to formal certificate of occupancy, a cash deposit, letter of credit, or other assurance acceptable to the city equal to one hundred fifty (150) percent of the estimated construction costs shall be required. Such deposit shall be accompanied by a letter which stipulates completion of all landscape development no later than the next autumn planting season following issuance of the certificate of occupancy or date of final approval, whichever is later. If these conditions are not met, the city may use the deposit to install the landscaping.

17.65.010 Purpose.

The purpose of this chapter is to:

A. Provide for adequate, convenient, and safe parking for cars and bicycles for all uses allowed in this code in all areas of the city.

B. Provide for alternative parking arrangements such as flexible minimum requirements, shared parking, and in-lieu fees.

C. Reduce demand for parking by encouraging walking, bicycling, public transit, and rideshare.

17.65.020 Generally.

A. Off-street parking in conjunction with all land and building uses established after the enactment of the ordinance codified in this title shall be provided prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.

B. Off-street parking for nonresidential use shall be either on the same lot or within three hundred (300) feet (walking distance) of the building it is intended to serve.

C. Residential off-street parking space shall consist of a parking lot driveway, garage, carport, or a combination thereof and shall be located on the lot it is intended to serve.

D. Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall not be changed to any other use unless and until required parking facilities are provided elsewhere and/or the site complies with the requirements of this chapter even with the reduced parking.

E. Off-street parking existing at effective date of the ordinance codified in this title in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than hereinafter required for a similar new building or new use.

F. The required off-street parking area shall be for occupants, employees, visitors, patrons, and shall be limited in use to parking, except for approved temporary uses per Chapter 17.48, Temporary Uses.

G. Off-street parking meeting the minimum quantitative requirements of this chapter is not considered a principal use for the purpose of interpreting the permitted use provisions in Tables 17.41.040, 17.41.050, and 17.41.060.

H. Parking Studies. For the purposes of this chapter, a parking study is a document that provides sufficient information to determine the parking requirements for a specific use. The estimate may be based on scientific data, census data, transit service, academic studies, similar uses in the city or comparable cities, or other sources accepted by the director. As required by this chapter, a parking study may be required for adjusting minimum and maximum quantitative requirements, determining times of peak parking demand, and determining impacts to on-street parking in the vicinity of the subject development site. All parking studies shall be prepared by either a professional engineer with expertise in traffic and parking analyses or an equally qualified individual authorized by the director.

17.65.030 Computation of required parking spaces.

1. Off-street parking areas shall contain at a minimum the number of parking spaces as stipulated in Section 17.64.040, except for modifications allowed elsewhere in this chapter.

2. If the formula for determining the number of off-street parking spaces results in a fraction, the number of off-street parking spaces shall be rounded to the nearest whole number with fractions of 0.50 or greater rounding up and fractions below 0.50 rounding down.

3. In the case of two (2) or more uses on the same site, the total requirements for off-street parking shall be the sum of the requirements for each use computed separately, except as permitted in Section 17.64.070 pertaining to shared parking.

B. Accessible Parking Requirements. Accessible parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the current ADA Standards for Accessible Design.

C. No Required Parking in Downtown Mixed-Use Zone. There is no minimum off-street parking requirement in the DT-MU zone, thus developments therein are exempt from the provisions of Section 17.65.040.

17.65.040 Number of parking spaces required.

A. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be determined in accordance with Table 17.65.040.

B. Tandem or end-to-end parking is allowed for single-family, duplex, triplex, fourplex, and townhouse units. Tandem spaces shall not combine parking for separate dwelling units.

C. Special cases are indicated by the term “director decision,” in which case parking requirements shall be established by the director. For determination by the director, the applicant shall supply one (1) of the following:

1. Documentation regarding actual parking demand for the proposed use.

2. Technical studies prepared by a qualified professional relating to the parking need for the proposed use.

3. Documentation of parking requirements for the proposed use from other comparable jurisdictions.

D. Where a cell in Table 17.65.040 is blank, then there are no applicable requirements for the use.

E. For unclassified uses, refer to Section 17.41.030(E). Where the director finds that there is no similar use, the procedures for a “director decision” under subsection (C) of this section apply.

F. Heavy truck and equipment maintenance and storage areas shall not be considered parking areas for the purposes of this chapter and shall not have to comply with the improvement requirements of this section.

Use Categories	Parking Requirement
RESIDENTIAL	(spaces per dwelling unit unless otherwise noted)
Household Living, as listed below
Studio + 1-bedroom^*	1
2+ bedrooms	2
Affordable housing	1
Senior housing	0.5
Cottage housing	1.5
Group Living, as listed below
Adult family home	2
Assisted living facility	0.5 per sleeping unit
Co-living	0.75 per sleeping unit
Group care living facilities	0.6 spaces per bed
Nursing home	0.33 per bed
COMMERCIAL	(spaces per square feet of gross floor area, unless otherwise specified)
Day Care, as listed below
Day care I facility	2 per facility
Day care II facility	Director decision
Eating and drinking establishments	1 per 300 square feet
General service	1 per 300 square feet
Medical	1 per 300 square feet
Office	1 per 300 square feet
Overnight lodging	1 per guest room
Personal service	1 per 300 square feet
Recreation, indoor and outdoor	Director decision
Retail sales	1 per 300 square feet
Shell building and multi-tenant commercial spaces	1 per 300 square feet
Vehicle sales/rental	Director decision
INDUSTRIAL	(spaces per square feet of gross floor area, unless otherwise specified)
Artisan manufacturing	1 per 400 square feet
Heavy industry	Director decision
Light industry and light manufacturing	1 per 1,000 square feet
Self-service storage	1 per 2,000 square feet
Warehouse and distribution	1 per 2,000 square feet

17.65.050 Size of parking spaces.

A. Minimum Requirements. Parking space and aisle dimensions for parking facilities shall meet the standards in Table 17.65.050.

Table 17.65.050. Minimum Size Requirements for Parking Spaces

Columns A through E below refer the parking layout graphic above. Column A is measured in degrees and columns B through E are measured in feet.
A Parking Angle	B Space Width	C Space Length	D Aisle Width	E Curb Width
0 (Parallel)	8	N/A	N/A	22.5
30	9	18	10	18
45	9	20	12	12.7
60	9	21	18	10.5
90 (Perpendicular)	9	20	23	9

1. Parking spaces shall be a minimum of eighteen (18) feet long and a maximum of twenty-three (23) feet long.

2. Two (2) feet of parking space length may overhang designating walking paths. See for Section 17.62.040(D) for related walking path dimensional standards.

1. Up to thirty-three (33) percent of required non-accessible parking spaces may be designated as compact.

2. Compact parking spaces have a minimum space length of fifteen (15) feet and a minimum space width of eight (8) feet.

3. Each compact parking space shall be clearly identified by painting the word “COMPACT” in capital letters, a minimum of eight (8) inches high, on the pavement at the base of the parking space and centered between the striping.

D. Alley Parking. When parking spaces located on a property are directly accessed from an alley, the alley right-of-way may be treated as the aisle per Table 17.65.050. The parking spaces shall be located and angled to allow adequate turning space.

E. Large Vehicles. When parking lots may have substantial traffic by trucks or other large vehicles, the director may establish larger minimum dimensions.

F. Alternative Standards. The director may approve alternate designs not meeting these standards when a qualified transportation engineer demonstrates that the alternate design proposal meets current and accepted standards such as those maintained by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.

17.65.060 Modifications to parking requirements.

Existing developments in mixed-use and industrial zones that change use or expand their net floor area by less than fifty (50) percent are exempt from the minimum parking requirements of this chapter for the life of the building. Existing developments that expand their net floor area by fifty (50) percent or more shall meet the minimum requirements of this chapter.

17.65.070 Shared parking.

A. One (1) parking area may contain required spaces for several different uses, but except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the required space(s) assigned to one (1) use may not be credited to any other use.

B. For developments that wish to make joint use of the same parking spaces but predominantly operate at different times, the same spaces may be credited to both uses.

C. A use or development wishing to take advantage of joint use of required parking spaces shall present satisfactory written evidence that the use or development has the permission of the owner or the person in charge of the parking spaces to use such spaces. The evidence shall specify the number of spaces the use or development is allowed to use. The principal of the use or development shall sign an acknowledgment that the continuing validity of the permit depends on the continuing ability to provide the required number of spaces.

17.65.080 Parking for shell building permits.

When the city has received a shell building permit application, off-street parking requirements shall be based on the possible tenant improvements or uses authorized by the zone designation and compatible with the limitations of the shell permit. When the range of possible uses results in different parking requirements, the director shall establish the amount of parking based on a likely range of uses.

17.65.090 Parking area design and construction standards.

A. Parking Area Plans. Developments featuring new off-street parking areas shall submit plans of such parking area(s) showing adjacent streets, proposed circulation of traffic, proposed stormwater management, lighting, landscaping, and fencing.

B. Parking Lot Access. Ingress and egress to the parking lot or area shall be provided at locations approved by the city engineer.

C. Surfacing and Grading. All required off-street parking area shall be graded and surfaced to a standard comparable to the street which serves the parking area as determined by the city engineer. Off-street parking areas shall have dust-free, all-weather surfacing. Off-street parking areas shall conform to city of Aberdeen development standards.

D. Drainage. Drainage and erosion/sedimentation control facilities shall be provided in accordance with city of Aberdeen development standards.

E. Parking Space Markings. Asphalt or concrete surfaced parking areas shall have parking spaces marked by surface paint lines or suitable substitute traffic marking material. Wheel stops or curbing are required where a parked vehicle would encroach on adjacent property, pedestrian access or circulation areas, right-of-way, or landscaped areas.

F. Traffic Control Devices. All traffic control devices such as parking strips, designated car stalls, directional arrow or signs, bull rails, curbs, and other developments shall be installed and completed as shown on the approved plans. Hard surfaced parking areas shall use paint or similar devices to delineate car stalls and direction of traffic.

G. Curbing. All access and parking areas shall use cast-in-place vertical curbs or functionally equivalent designs that provide pedestrian safety. Curbs may be cut to allow surface water runoff to enter low impact development best management practices.

17.65.100 Parking area maintenance.

A. The property owner shall maintain all off-street access and parking areas.

B. Maintenance shall include:

1. Removal and replacement of dead and dying trees, grass and shrubs.

2. Removal of trash and weeds.

3. Repair and maintenance of traffic control devices, parking space striping, signs, light standards, fences, walls, surfacing materials, curbs, railings, landscaping, and stormwater best management practice elements.

4. Repair and maintenance of permanent stormwater best management practice elements.

17.66.010 Purpose.

The purpose of this chapter is to accomplish the following:

A. To encourage effective sign communication that is responsive to the needs of the public in locating establishments by identification, address, product, and/or service information.

B. To promote economic development of the city’s business districts and corridors.

C. To enhance and protect property values and the quality of life by preserving and enhancing the appearance of the streetscape.

D. To ensure that signs in the city do not adversely affect pedestrian and traffic safety by obstructing vehicle sight distance, interfering with official traffic signs, signals and devices, and unduly directing attention away from the demands of safe driving.

E. To preserve the right of free speech exercised through the use of signs containing noncommercial messages.

17.66.020 Applicability and departures.

A. Applicability. This chapter applies to all permanent and temporary signs erected or altered after the effective date of this code, except for those signs listed in subsection (C) of this section.

1. This chapter is not intended to, and does not, restrict speech on the basis of its content, viewpoint, or message.

2. Any classification of signs in this chapter that permits speech by reason of the type of sign, identity of the sign owner, or otherwise, shall also be interpreted to allow noncommercial speech on the sign.

3. No part of this chapter may be construed to favor commercial speech over noncommercial speech.

4. To the extent any provision of this chapter is ambiguous, the terms shall be interpreted not to regulate on the basis of the content of the message.

C. Exemptions. The following signs are exempted from the regulations of this chapter:

1. Traffic signs, signals, wayfinding signs, and other traffic control devices erected by the city or other public authority on public lands or right-of-way and with the approval of the agency or jurisdiction right-of-way owner.

2. Public notices pertaining to public health, safety issues, directions, or for notification of legal or legislative action erected by the city or other public authority.

3. Signs placed on private property and only visible from on the property with parking directions, customer information, and no advertising matter, and no more than six (6) square feet. Such signs which are larger than six (6) square feet are considered wayfinding signs and are subject to the standards of Table 17.66.080(A).

4. Signs used to direct persons to temporary activities in residential zones, such as, but not limited to, garage/yard sales, open houses, and real estate sales, and which are no larger than six (6) square feet.

5. Permanent commemorative or memorial plaques, building nameplates, and signs identifying significant historical locations no more than six (6) square feet in size. Larger building name signs not associated with the name of any individual business are addressed in Section 17.66.090(A)(4).

6. Integral cornerstones and other building identification markings carved into the building materials and which are integral parts of the structure, except for logos and trademarks.

7. Signs within buildings, provided they are not legible from a distance of more than three (3) feet beyond the building on which the sign is located.

8. Incidental signs intended for public information or convenience and which consist of no more than three (3) square feet per sign face. These may include restroom signs, hours of operation signs, address numbers, post box numbers, property numbers, names of occupants or premises, help wanted, credit card signs, and similar.

9. The American flag, state of Washington flag, and other political or special purpose flags that are not intended to contribute to a commercial advertising display.

10. Wall graphics of an artistic nature and that do not conform to the definition of “sign.”

11. Signs not visible from public right-of-way, private right-of-way, waterways, and adjacent property.

12. Bulletin boards and kiosks intended for general public information and which accommodate changeable copy such as private or public notices, special event information, and other short-term messages, at a scale suitable for pedestrians and not intended to be read by passing motorists, and not for commercial advertising purposes.

13. Holiday and community special event decorations that do not display a commercial message.

14. Signs on athletic fields and scoreboards intended for on-premises viewing.

15. Signs located at city-owned facilities and on public parks, public trails and designated public open space which are placed by the government, agency, or nonprofit organization that owns or maintains the land.

16. Point-of-purchase advertising displays such as product dispensers (vending machines).

17. Any sign on a vehicle or trailer operating during the normal course of business, unless such vehicle is regularly parked in any prominently visible location from public right-of-way or other public space for the primary purpose of attracting public attention to the sign, which is prohibited.

18. Digital time, temperature, or open/close sign six (6) square feet or less and with a minimum dwell time of three (3) seconds.

17.66.030 Sign definitions.

The following definitions apply specifically to the provisions in this chapter:

“A-board” means a temporary, portable, double-sided sign of basic self-supporting design. A-board signs may also be referred to as “A-frame” or “sandwich board” signs.

“Advertise” means to describe or draw attention to a product, service, or event in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance.

“Awning sign” means a type of building-mounted sign that is either attached to, affixed to, or painted on an awning, marquee, or canopy. See Table 17.66.080(B) and Section 17.66.100(C) for applicable standards.

“Banner sign” means a flexible material (often vinyl) on which a sign is manufactured that is attached to a building or displayed on private property.

“Billboard” means a type of large permanent sign designed or used for high-visibility display of sign copy which is typically not associated with the property upon which the sign is placed. Billboards typically have a wood or steel structure with a single face or double face oriented to major traffic routes. Billboards are larger than permitted pole signs and may include catwalks.

“Building-mounted sign” means a sign affixed to a building, painted directly on a wall, or erected against the wall of a building. See Table 17.66.080(B) and Section 17.66.100 for applicable standards.

“Commercial sign” means a sign which promotes commercial products or services for sale.

“Conforming sign” means a sign which meets the specifications of this chapter.

“Digital sign” means a sign displaying copy with a screen composed of electrically illuminated segments which are typically, but not always, light-emitting diodes (LEDs). See Section 17.66.110 for applicable standards.

“Feather sign” means a temporary and portable sign made of lightweight materials that is prone to move in the wind, and that contains a harpoon-style pole or staff that is driven into the ground or supported by means of an individual stand. This definition includes such signs of any shape including flutter, bow, teardrop, rectangular, shark, and U-shaped. See Section 17.66.160(E)(5) for applicable standards.

“Freestanding sign” means a permanent sign anchored directly to the ground or supported by one (1) or more posts, columns, or other vertical structures or supports, and not attached to or dependent for support from any building. See Table 17.66.080(A) and Section 17.66.090 for applicable standards.

“Incidental sign” means sign depicting products, services, or activities directly related to the business within.

“Internal wayfinding sign” means a type of freestanding sign used to aid customers in circulation within parking lots of commercial uses. These signs could come in the form of monument, pylon, post and arm, or wall sign types. See Table 17.66.080(A) and Section 17.66.100(C) for applicable standards.

“Lighted sign” means a sign illuminated by means of fixtures directing light through transparent surface material; words, pictures, symbols or numbers created out of lights or lighting fixtures, or exterior illumination shining on a sign from the exterior.

“Monument sign” means a type of freestanding sign which is attached to the ground by means of a wide base of solid appearance. See Section 17.66.100(B) for applicable standards.

“Noncommercial sign” means a sign which promotes noncommercial purposes such as public community events, civic groups, nonprofit organizations, or which expresses religious, political, social, ideological or other philosophical messages. For the purposes of this chapter, signs for government facilities such as schools, libraries, offices, and other public facilities are noncommercial signs. Noncommercial signs are not considered either off-site or on-site signs.

“Off-site sign” means a sign related in its subject matter to some premises or lot other than the premises or lot on which the sign is located.

“On-site sign” means a sign related in its subject matter to the premises on which it is located, or to products, accommodations, services, or other activities on the premises.

“Permanent sign” means a stationary sign permanently attached to the ground or to a structure.

“Pole sign” means a type of freestanding sign supported by one (1) vertical pylon, and subject to the same regulations as a freestanding sign. See Table 17.66.080(A) and Section 17.66.100(C) for applicable standards.

“Portable sign” means a nonpermanent, easily movable sign.

“Post and arm sign” means a type of freestanding sign supported by a post and arm. See Table 17.66.080(A) for applicable standards.

“Projecting sign” means a type of building-mounted sign extending outward from the face of the building. See Table 17.66.080(B) and Section 17.66.100(C) for applicable standards.

“Pylon sign” means a type of freestanding sign mounted on at least two (2) posts. See Table 17.66.080(A) for applicable standards.

“Real estate signs” means signs used for the purpose of marketing real property as opposed to identifying place of business.

“Roofline” means the roof which covers the primary structure, excluding architectural features that project above the primary structure roof, such as, but not limited to, towers, porticos, parapet walls, and elevator shafts that have no space able to be occupied and do not directly or indirectly affect the use or occupancy of the primary structure.

“Sign” means any communication device, structure, or fixture which is intended to identify or attract attention from a public right-of-way to a building, use, business, or event; or to promote the sale of products, goods or services; using graphics, written copy, letters, numbers, figures, symbols, logos, or registered trademarks. Painted wall designs or patterns which do not represent a product, service or registered trademark, and which do not identify the user, are not considered signs.

“Sign copy” means any graphic, word, numeral, symbol, insignia, text, sample, model, device or combination thereof which is primarily intended to advertise, identify, or notify.

“Standing sign” means a double-sided, portable sign mounted on a single post.

“Temporary signs” means a sign structure or device used for the display of messages or images, which is easily installed and removed and which is not intended or suitable for long-term or permanent display due to the sign construction, materials, placement, or installation. Any sign not covered by this definition is a permanent sign and shall comply with the applicable permanent sign regulations.

“Under-canopy sign” means a type of building-mounted sign attached to the underside of an awning, canopy, balcony, or arcade. See Table 17.66.080(B) and Section 17.66.100(D) for applicable standards.

“Unlighted sign” means a nonilluminated sign visible only as a result of natural light, lights from passing automobiles or passive background illumination such as streetlights and typical residential lighting which only incidentally provides indirect illumination to said sign.

“Wall sign” means a type of building-mounted sign painted directly on the wall, attached to the wall, or erected against the wall of a building or structure with the exposed face of the sign parallel or approximately parallel to the plane of such wall. See Table 17.66.080(B) and Section 17.66.100(A) for applicable standards.

“Wind sign” means a double-sided, portable sign mounted on springs and a heavy base and intended to bend when subjected to significant wind pressure.

17.66.040 General requirements.

1. Except as otherwise allowed by this title, no permanent sign shall be erected, altered, or relocated without a sign permit from the city.

2. No one may apply for a sign permit unless the applicant has ownership or control of the subject property on which the sign is to be located.

3. The applicant shall certify, in applying for a sign, that the applicant has ownership or control of the subject property. False representation shall constitute a violation of this title subject to Chapter 17.10, General Provisions.

4. No sign permit shall be required for repainting, cleaning, or other normal maintenance and repair of a sign, or for sign face and copy changes that do depict on-site business. See also subsection (E) of this section for maintenance standards.

5. Sign permits shall be required for all alterations or modifications of a sign’s size, structure of the sign, or the addition of physical effects or a digital sign.

B. Sign Location Restrictions. Except where specifically authorized by this chapter, signs are prohibited in the locations described below. Prohibited signs are subject to removal (except nonconforming signs as defined by this chapter) by the city at the owner’s expense.

1. Any temporary or permanent sign located within or projecting over a city right-of-way, unless otherwise permitted in this chapter.

2. Any temporary or permanent sign located within five (5) feet of a city right-of-way, unless otherwise permitted in this chapter.

3. Any sign attached to any public utility pole, utility structure, street light, tree, fence, fire hydrant, bridge, curb, sidewalk, park bench, statue, or memorial, except those signs approved as part of a special event permit on city property or banner signs permitted by the city.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a person from holding a sign while located on public property so long as the person holding the sign is located on public property determined to be a traditional public forum (including sidewalks) and does not block ingress and egress from buildings or create a safety hazard by impeding travel on sidewalks, bike and vehicle lanes, and trails.

4. Any sign, which by reason of its location, will obstruct the view of any authorized traffic sign, signal, or other traffic control device or which by reason of shape, color, or position interferes with or could be confused with any authorized traffic signal or device.

5. Any sign which is placed so as to prevent or inhibit free ingress to or egress from any door, window, or any exit way.

6. Any permanent commercial, advertising, or business sign (including billboards) that is not located on the premises of the business to which it refers.

7. No sign may be placed on the roof of any building.

8. No portable or temporary sign may be placed on any structure or on any premises except as authorized in Section 17.66.150, Temporary sign standards.

9. Placement on private property for more than ten (10) calendar days in any ninety (90) day period of any truck, boat, trailer or other vehicle or vehicle part which has affixed thereto any commercial advertising message not pertaining to the legally permitted use carried on within such property is prohibited.

10. Setbacks. Setbacks established in this chapter apply to all elements of the sign structure and are measured from applicable property lines, rights-of-way, or private drives.

11. Clear Vision. Sign location satisfying a sufficient clear vision triangle shall meet the minimum guidelines of the public works preapproved plans or as determined by the city engineer.

1. Purpose. The purpose of this subsection is to regulate the manner in which signs convey their messages by specifying prohibited display features that create distractions to the traveling public and create visual clutter that detracts from the natural and architectural aesthetics of the city.

2. Standards. The display features described below are prohibited. Prohibited signs are subject to removal (except legal nonconforming signs as defined by this chapter) by the city at the owner’s expense.

a. Any sign or lighting device, whether on the exterior of a building or on the inside of a window which is visible beyond the boundaries of the lot or parcel, or from any public right-of-way, with intermittent, flashing, rotating, blinking or strobe light illumination.

b. Any sign with an exposed light source, except for neon incorporated into the design of the sign.

c. Any sign which emits sound, odor, smoke, laser or hologram lights, or other visible matter, including any sign that uses motion picture projection.

d. Any sign animated by any means, including fixed aerial displays, balloons, pennants, spinners, including strings of flags, streamers, tubes, or other devices affected by the movement of the air or other atmospheric or mechanical means, except for:

(1) Signs exempted from this chapter as established in Section 17.66.020(C).

(2) Temporary Type 4 wind signs as provided for in Section 17.66.160(G)(5).

e. Any sign in which the sign body or any portion of the sign rotates, moves up and down, or any other type of action involving a change in position of the sign body or any portion of the sign, whether by mechanical or any other means. Exception:

(1) Signs exempted from this chapter as established in Section 17.66.020(C).

(2) Temporary Type 6 signs as provided for in Section 17.66.160(G)(5).

f. Digital and other changeable-copy signs, except as provided for in Section 17.66.110.

g. Mannequins holding a sign or displaying advertising, whether stationary or animated, except within a building as part of a window or interior display.

1. Except flags, temporary, and portable signs conforming in all respects with the requirements of the ordinance codified in this title, all signs shall be constructed of durable materials and shall be permanently attached to the ground, a building, or another structure by direct attachment to a rigid wall, frame, or structure.

2. All attached signs and sign support frames shall be mounted and attached to a building or the ground in a secure manner and shall be maintained in good repair for safety and appearance.

3. All wiring, fittings, and materials used in the construction, connection, and operation of electrically illuminated signs shall be in accordance with the provisions of the National Electric Code or the local electric code in effect. All such signs require an electrical permit and inspection by state of Washington Department of Labor and Industries, Electrical Division or equivalent inspection.

a. All signs, including signs heretofore installed, shall be constantly maintained in a state of security, safety, appearance and repair.

b. The premises surrounding a freestanding sign shall be free and clear of rubbish and the landscaping area shall be maintained.

c. If any sign is found not to be so maintained or is insecurely fastened or otherwise dangerous, it is the duty of the sign owner to repair or remove the sign within five (5) calendar days after receiving notice from the director.

2. Inspection. All sign owners shall permit the periodic inspection of their signs by the city upon city request.

17.66.050 Computation of sign area.

Sign area for all sign types is measured as follows:

A. The area of painted signs, individual letter signs, and other indirectly illuminated signs is calculated on the basis of the smallest rectangle, circle or spherical figure that will enclose the entire copy area of the sign. Any such calculation shall include the areas between letters and lines, as well as the areas of any devices, illuminated or non-illuminated, which are intended to attract attention. See Figure 17.66.050(A) for examples and clarification.

B. Where signs are placed on a display board attached to a wall or awning, the entire display board shall be included in the sign area calculations. Where the display board includes a visible frame, only the area inside the frame shall be included in the sign area calculations. See Figure 17.66.050(A) for examples and clarification.

C. For freestanding signs, the entire display board shall be included in the sign area calculations. Where the display board includes a visible frame, only the area inside the frame shall be included in the sign area calculations.

D. Multiple-faced signs shall have each face measured separately. The sign area allotment for each sign type applies to just one (1) side of the sign. For example, if the maximum size for a certain monument sign is twenty-five (25) square feet, then each face of the monument sign may be up to twenty-five (25) square feet.

E. Four (4) or more faced signs, spherical, free-form, sculptural or other nonplanar sign area is measured as fifty (50) percent of the sum of the areas using only the four (4) vertical sides of the smallest four (4) sided polyhedron that will encompass the sign structure, as shown in Figure 17.66.050(E). Signs with greater than four (4) polyhedron faces are prohibited.

Figure 17.66.050(A). Clarifying Sign Area Measurement for Wall Signs

Figure 17.66.050(C). Clarifying Sign Area Measurement for Freestanding Signs

Figure 17.66.050(E). Clarifying 3D Sign Area Measurement

17.66.060 Sign illumination.

1. For purposes of illumination, all lights attached to a sign in any manner shall not extend more than five (5) feet from the sign structure.

2. Externally illuminated signs shall be arranged so that no direct rays of light are projected from such artificial source into residences, business, or any street right-of-way.

3. External sign lighting shall be “full cutoff” and shall not result in direct illumination of the sky and adjacent properties and structures, and shall be designed to minimize reflected glare to adjacent properties and structures.

4. Neon tubing of a diameter no greater than one-half (1/2) inch may be used as a permanent architectural feature on a building.

5. All internally lit signs are subject to the same brightness limits applied to digital signs, as set forth in Section 17.66.110.

6. Also see related sign display restrictions in Section 17.66.040(C), which include illumination restrictions.

B. Permitted Sign Illumination Types. Table 17.66.060 below specifies permitted sign illumination types by zone and other requirements.

Table 17.66.060. Permitted Sign Illumination Types

Illumination Type and Description	Permitted Zones and Overlays	Other Requirements
Channel letter. Light source is internal and light is emitted through the front or face of the letters.	All zones except residential zones	May be incorporated into a permitted wall, pole, or monument sign
Reverse channel letter. Letter faces are opaque and light source provides halo effect through backlighting.	All zones except residential zones	May be incorporated into a permitted wall, projecting, pole, or monument sign
Push-through. Letters are cut out of an opaque sign face. Interior light shines through letter faces only. May include a halo effect.	All zones except residential zones	May be incorporated into a permitted wall, projecting, pole, or monument sign
Neon.	All zones except residential and NC-MU zones	May be incorporated into a permitted wall, projecting, window, pole, or monument sign
Internally illuminated cabinet signs. Sign face is illuminated through translucent casing. This includes internally illuminated changeable-copy signs.	C, WF and F-I zones	May be incorporated into a permitted wall, pole, pylon, or monument sign
Digital message signs.	All zones, except only allowed for nonresidential uses in residential zones	Only allowed to be integrated on permitted monument, and pole signs per Section 17.66.110
Internally illuminated awning signs. The awning face is illuminated through the awning material.	Not allowed in any zone
Externally illuminated sign.	All zones	Illumination techniques shall focus the light on the sign and avoid glare to the sky, streets, sidewalks, and other public spaces, and adjacent uses

17.66.070 Signs types permitted by zone.

A. Mixed-Use, Commercial, and Industrial Zones. In mixed-use, commercial, and industrial zones, all sign types are permitted unless otherwise noted in Section 17.66.070. Interpretation:

1. The letter “P” indicates permitted sign types.

2. A blank cell indicates the particular sign type is not permitted.

3. A number in the cell refers to a condition, listed below the table.

Sign Type	NC-MU	WF
Freestanding Signs Refer to Section 17.66.080 for freestanding sign design standards.
Pole sign		P¹
Monument sign	Permitted in all zones
Pylon sign
Post and arm sign
Building-Mounted Signs Refer to Section 17.66.090 for building-mounted sign design standards.
Wall sign	Permitted in all zones
Projecting sign
Awning sign
Under-canopy sign

1Pole signs are only permitted on properties east of the Wishkah River.

B. Residential. Table 17.66.070(B) illustrates the types of signs that are allowed for different development/use types in residential zones. Interpretation:

1. The letter “P” indicates permitted sign types.

2. A blank cell indicates the particular sign type is not permitted.

3. A number in the cell refers to a condition, listed below the table.

Sign Type	Development or Use Type
Sign Type	Single-Family Subdivision	Multifamily Complex	Home Occupation	Other Permitted Nonresidential Use
Freestanding Signs Refer to Section 17.66.080 for freestanding sign design standards.
Pole sign
Monument sign	P¹	P¹		P³
Pylon sign				P³
Post and arm sign				P³
Building-Mounted Signs Refer to Section 17.66.090 for building-mounted sign design standards.
Wall sign			P²	P
Projecting sign
Awning sign				P
Under-canopy sign				P

1 Single-Family Subdivisions and Multifamily Complex: One (1) monument sign is permitted per entrance (and may be located anywhere along the access street), provided said signs do not exceed twenty-five (25) square feet in sign area and five (5) feet in height.

2One (1) nonilluminated building-mounted sign up to six (6) square feet is permitted for a home occupation.

3Signs shall comply with size and height standards set forth in this chapter, but no more than one (1) sign per lot frontage and signs may not be larger than twenty-five (25) square feet in sign area and no taller than six (6) feet in height.

17.66.080 Signs types and standards.

A. Freestanding Sign Types and Standards. The standards below apply to the specific sign types, where permitted in the applicable districts per Table 17.66.080(A).

Table 17.66.080(A). Freestanding Sign Types and Standards

Sign Type	Location and Setback	Maximum Quantity	Maximum Height Above Existing Grade	Maximum Sign Area
Pole sign A sign supported by one vertical post.	5-foot minimum setback to property lines, rights-of-way, or private drives from the closest element of the sign structure.	1 pole sign per property street frontage.	25 feet	Same as for monument signs as set forth in Section 17.66.090(B).
Monument sign A sign which is attached to the ground by means of a wide base of solid appearance. See Section 17.66.090(B) for supplemental design standards.	5-foot minimum setback to property lines, rights-of-way, or private drives from the closest element of the sign structure.	1 monument, pylon, or post and arm sign per 150 feet of property street frontage.	See Section 17.66.090(B)	See Section 17.66.090(B).
Pylon sign A sign mounted on at least 2 posts.	5-foot minimum setback to property lines, rights-of-way, or private drives from the closest element of the sign structure.	1 monument, pylon, or post and arm sign per 150 feet of lot frontage.	Monument sign standards apply, per Section 17.66.090(B), except pylon signs are limited to 8 feet in height	Monument sign standards apply per Section 17.66.090.
Post and arm sign A small sign supported by a post and arm.	5-foot minimum setback to property lines, rights-of-way, or private drives from the closest element of the sign structure.	1 monument, pylon, or post and arm sign per 150 feet of lot frontage.	5 feet	10 square feet
Internal wayfinding sign A sign used to aid customers and visitors in circulation within parking lots. These signs could come in the form of monument, pylon, post and arm, or wall sign types. See Section 17.66.090 for supplemental design standards. See Section 17.66.020(C) for size-based exemptions.	May be located in landscaped areas or on pathways provided the sign does not inhibit pedestrian movement. When such sign types are mounted on buildings, they shall be oriented to a pathway.	Appropriate number of signs to provide directional assistance given size of site and circulation pattern as determined by the director.	8 feet	15 square feet When such sign types are mounted on buildings, they are limited to a maximum of 10 square feet.

Table 17.66.080(B). Building-Mounted Sign Types and Standards

Sign Type	Location	Maximum Quantity	Maximum Sign Area	Maximum Sign Height
Wall sign A sign painted directly on the wall, attached to, or erected against the wall of a building or structure with the exposed face of the sign parallel to the plane of such wall. See Section 17.66.100(A)(2) for supplemental design standards.	See Section 17.66.100(A)(2).	1 sign per tenant facade that is visible from an adjacent street, customer parking lot, or alley. See Section 17.66.100 for additional quantity standards.	See Section 17.66.100(A)(3).	Signs shall not extend above the building roof line.
Projecting sign A sign attached to and extending outward from the face of the building. See Section 17.66.100(B) for supplemental design standards.	Minimum 8-foot vertical clearance above sidewalk or pathway, and minimum 14-foot minimum vertical clearance when within 5 feet of a roadway. Shall not be located directly over windows or in conflict with other signs or architectural features of the building. Signs within right-of-way are subject to additional public works standards.	1 sign per facade that is visible from a street, alley, or customer parking lot.	See Section 17.66.100(B).	Signs shall not extend above the building roof line.
	Minimum 8-foot vertical clearance above sidewalk or pathway. May be placed on the front, above, or below the awning. Signs shall not exceed 2/3 of individual awning or awning width. Signs within right-of-way are subject to additional public works standards	1 sign per awning that is visible from a street, alley, or customer parking lot. Awning signs may be used as an alternative to a wall sign (both may not be used on same facade).	Same as wall sign standards, see Section 17.66.100(C)(1).	See Section 17.66.100(C)(1).
Under-canopy sign A sign attached to the underside of an awning, canopy, balcony or arcade. See Section 17.66.100(D) for examples.	Minimum 8-foot vertical clearance above sidewalk or pathway. Minimum 1-foot horizontal clearance from the building and canopy edge. Signs within right-of-way are subject to additional public works standards.	1 sign per entrance that is visible from a street, alley, or customer parking lot.	See Section 17.66.100(D).	2 feet

17.66.090 Supplemental freestanding sign design standards.

A. Landscaping. The base of all freestanding signs shall be landscaped at a ratio of one and one-half (1.5) square foot of landscaped area per one (1) square foot of sign area.

1. Landscaping shall be planted at or surrounding the base of the sign.

2. On monument signs, landscaping shall be located and visible from the sides and behind the face of the sign with low lying ground cover in front of the sign per Section 17.64.040(D).

3. The landscaping area shall be a minimum of thirty-six (36) square feet with no dimension less than six (6) feet.

4. Sign landscaping may be counted toward other required landscaping, provided the landscaping meets the applicable requirements of Chapter 17.64.

5. DEPARTURES per Section 17.20.210 will be considered provided the landscaping design complements other site landscaping and enhances the pedestrian environment.

1. Maximum Size and Height. Tables 17.66.090(B)(1)(a) and 17.66.090(B)(1)(b) illustrate two (2) ways to calculate the maximum allowable sign area and height for monument signs. Applicants may choose either table to determine the applicable size and height standards.

Table 17.66.090(B)(1)(a). Maximum Allowable Sign Area and Height for Monument Signs Based on Length of Right-of-Way Frontage

Length of Right-of-Way Frontage	White or Very Light-Colored Backgrounds	Bonus for Shaded or Dark-Colored Backgrounds Only apply if the standards of Section 17.66.090(B)(2) are met.
Less than 100 feet	25 square feet	6 feet	30 square feet	7 feet
100—199 feet	35 square feet	7 feet	40 square feet	8 feet
200—299 feet	45 square feet	8 feet	50 square feet	10 feet
300 feet or more	60 square feet	10 feet	70 square feet	12 feet

Table 17.66.090(B)(1)(b). Maximum Allowable Sign Area and Height for Monument Signs Based on Size of Property

Size of Property	White or Very Light-Colored Backgrounds	Bonus for Shaded or Dark-Colored Backgrounds Only apply if the standards of Section 17.66.090(B)(2) are met.
Less than 15,000 square feet	25 square feet	6 feet	30 square feet	7 feet
15,000—43,559 square feet	35 square feet	7 feet	40 square feet	8 feet
1—2.49 acres	45 square feet	8 feet	50 square feet	10 feet
2.5 acres or more	60 square feet	10 feet	70 square feet	12 feet

2. Sign Color. Monument signs that employ shaded or dark background and light-colored lettering for at least fifty (50) percent of the sign copy are allowed larger sign areas, as they are found to be less visually intrusive than signs incorporating white or very light-colored background. To qualify for the bonus, the background on at least fifty (50) percent of the sign copy shall be darker than the lettering and create demonstrable contrast between the background and lettering. See Figure 17.66.090(B)(2) for examples.

Figure 17.66.090(B)(2). Examples of Signs With Shaded or Dark Background and Light-Colored Lettering

17.66.100 Supplemental building-mounted sign standards.

Building-mounted signs include wall signs, projecting signs, awning signs, and under-canopy signs.

1. Permitted Number of Signs. See Table 17.66.070(B). In multi-story buildings, businesses above the ground floor that feature a street facade are limited to one (1) wall sign per business, except that a business with frontage on more than one (1) street may have one (1) sign facing each street.

a. Wall signs shall be proportional to the facade. They shall be no wider than two-thirds (2/3) the width of the individual facade. This standard also applies to upper-level businesses.

b. Wall signs may not cover windows, building trim, an existing building name sign, or special ornamentation features. Preferred areas for installation of wall signs include blank areas above awnings, areas between vertical piers or columns, blank areas on a gabled roof, or upper reaches of a false-fronted building.

c. Stacked words on wall signs are permitted. Generally, the primary business name is encouraged to be provided on one (1) line, with additional text on rows above and/or below providing supporting information about the business in smaller fonts.

Figure 17.66.100(A)(1). Illustrating Wall Sign Standards

d. Supplemental wall sign standards for upper level businesses: Internally lit wall signs are not permitted.

e. In a multi-tenant building with businesses on upper floors and/or in interior spaces having no street facade on which to place a sign, a building directory listing businesses in the building which does not exceed twelve (12) square feet may be located on the building wall at each primary entrance. This directory may be in addition to the sign area permitted for the building.

a. For individual ground level tenants that occupy space on the building facade. Table 17.66.100(A)(3) below provides standards for the maximum amount of wall or awning sign area on each tenant’s facade.

Tenant Facade Area	Maximum Sign Area (For Tenant’s Facade)
Tenant Facade Area	Sign With Internal Lighting	Sign Without Internal Lighting
Below 200 square feet	15 percent of the facade	25 percent of the facade
200—349 square feet	14 percent of the facade	22.5 percent of the facade
350—499 square feet	13 percent of the facade	20 percent of the facade
500—999 square feet	12 percent of the facade	17.5 percent of the facade
1,000—1,499 square feet	11 percent of the facade	15 percent of the facade
1,500—1,999 square feet	10 percent of the facade	12.5 percent of the facade
Over 2,000 square feet	10 percent of the facade	10 percent of the facade

Figure 17.66.100(A)(3)(a). Clarifying the Calculations of Maximum Sign Area for Tenant Wall, Canopy, or Awning Signs

Figure 17.66.100(A)(3)(b). Acceptable Wall Sign Examples

b. For upper level tenants, the maximum sign area is ten (10) percent of the applicable upper level street facade of the tenant. For tenants occupying more than one (1) floor of the street facade, only one (1) floor may be used for the purpose of determining the signage allowance. See Figure 17.66.100(A)(4)(c) below for clarifications.

Figure 17.66.100(A)(3)(c). Clarifying Sign Standards for Businesses Above the Ground Floor That Include a Street Facade

a. Signs that advertise the name of the building and not associated with the name of any individual business are exempt from the sign area standards in Table 17.66.100(A)(3), provided they are designed and sized in proportion to the facade (see Figure 17.66.100(A)(3)(a) for an example).

b. Signs shall be placed near the top of the facade and generally centered on the architectural features of the building.

c. DEPARTURES per Section 17.20.210 will be considered provided the sign is located in a place that is independent from individual businesses on the building and helps to provide identity for the particular building.

Figure 17.66.100(A)(4). Acceptable Building Name Sign

B. Projecting Signs. Projecting signs meeting the following conditions are allowed for commercial uses adjacent to and facing a street or alley. They may be used in addition to wall and awning signs, provided they meet the applicable standards below.

1. Sign Area. Projecting signs are not based on sign area standards, but on the dimensional standards below. Projecting signs may be either vertically or horizontally oriented.

a. Horizontally oriented signs: no more than eight (8) feet.

b. Square or vertically oriented signs: no more than three (3) feet.

c. Signs may project into public right-of-way for storefront buildings, but shall not extend over the curb into the travel lane.

d. Signs in alleys are subject to additional public works standards.

a. Horizontally oriented signs: No more than three (3) feet.

b. Vertically oriented signs: Shall not extend above the building parapet, soffit, the eave line or the roof of the building.

Figure 17.66.100(B)(2). Dimensional Standards for Horizontal (Left) and Vertically Oriented (Right) Projecting Signs

Figure 17.66.100(B)(3). Acceptable and Unacceptable Projecting Sign Examples

4. DEPARTURES per Section 17.20.210 to the provisions in subsections (B)(2) and (B)(3) of this section will be considered provided the sign design is compatible with the design of the building in terms of location, scale, and design elements, does not create a public safety hazard, and provides a positive contribution to the streetscape.

C. Awning Signs. Awning signs may be used in place of permitted wall signs provided they meet the following conditions:

a. Signs consisting of individual letters placed on the outside edge of the awning or above the awning are limited to two hundred (200) percent of the height of the vertical dimension of the awning. For example, if the vertical dimension of the awning is twelve (12) inches, the letters may be up to twenty-four (24) inches high. Such signs shall be no wider than two-thirds (2/3) the width of the individual awning or no more than twenty (20) feet, whichever is less.

b. Sign boards may be placed on the vertical edge of an awning provided the height of the sign board is no more than two hundred (200) percent the height of the vertical dimension of the awning. For example, if the vertical dimension of the awning is twelve (12) inches, the sign board may be up to twenty-four (24) inches high. Such signs shall be no wider than two-thirds (2/3) the width of the individual awning or no more than twenty (20) feet, whichever is less.

c. Signs placed on the vertical edge of awnings are limited to eighty (80) percent the height of the vertical edge of the awning. Where signs are placed on sloping portion of the awning, they shall be sized proportional to the architectural features of the building and are limited to two (2) feet in height. Such signs shall be no wider than two-thirds (2/3) the width of the individual awning or no more than twenty (20) feet, whichever is less.

2. Number of Signs. For individual facades that include multiple awnings, secondary business signs may be included on separate awnings provided such signs meet applicable dimensional standards herein.

Figure 17.66.100(C). Awning Sign Examples and Standards

D. Under-Canopy Signs. Under-canopy signs are placed under awnings, marquees or canopies and placed perpendicular to the storefronts and thus oriented to pedestrians on the sidewalk or an internal pathway.

Figure 17.66.100(D). Under-Canopy Standards and Example

17.66.110 Digital and changeable-copy sign integration.

Digital and changeable-copy sign elements may be integrated into any pole or monument sign permitted in this chapter, subject to the following standards:

A. Thirty-three (33) percent of allowed pole and monument sign copy area may be used for digital or changeable-copy signage, provided the standards of this chapter are met.

B. No building-mounted sign copy area may be used for digital signs.

C. Any form of technology may be used for the sign elements described herein, provided they meet the following standards:

1. Sign brightness and/or display patterns do not cause a public safety hazard as determined by the director.

2. Light Trespass Standard. Maximum one-tenth (0.1) foot-candle at the property line of any park or residential property.

17.66.120 Noncommercial speech signs.

Except where noted, permanent noncommercial signs are subject to the same standards as permanent commercial signs based on sign type, including but not limited to requirements for location, sign area, height, design, and setbacks.

17.66.130 Defunct businesses and vacated premises.

A. For a sign advertising a business that moves or ceases operations from the subject property, the owner of said property shall be responsible for removing all the text and display relating to advertising the business prior to a new use or business opening.

B. If a building, structure, or premises is vacated for a six (6) month period of time, the owner of said property shall be responsible for removing all nonconforming on-site signs.

C. This section does not apply to historic signs as addressed in Section 17.66.140.

17.66.140 Historic signs.

Section 17.66.130 does not apply to signs recognized by the historic preservation board as having a significant historical value to the community. Such signs may be moved to another building or location within the DT-MU, C, or WF zones.

17.66.150 Legal nonconforming signs.

Legal nonconforming signs may remain in use only under the following conditions:

A. No such sign may be changed in any manner that increases the nonconformance of any such sign.

B. Changes to the sign copy or the replacement of a sign face on a nonconforming sign are permitted for the existing business of record. Conversion of a non-digital sign to a digital sign is prohibited.

C. When a sign is structurally altered, it ceases to be a nonconforming sign and shall conform with the provisions of this chapter. Structural alteration means any action that changes the height, size, or shape of the sign or any action that affects the base or support(s) of the sign. Billboards shall not be converted to any other type of sign.

D. A legal nonconforming sign may be removed for maintenance for periods not to exceed sixty (60) calendar days. If removed for a longer period the sign shall comply with the provisions of this chapter upon reinstallation. This does not apply to existing billboards, which once removed for more than sixty (60) calendar days cannot be replaced.

E. If a nonconforming sign is destroyed more than fifty (50) percent of its replacement value, it may not be repaired, reconstructed or replaced.

F. Any signs, existing on the effective date of this title, but not conforming to the provisions of this code, shall be permitted to continue; provided, that signs for discontinued use shall be removed within thirty (30) days of discontinuance of the use. If not removed before the deadline, the city shall have the right to remove such sign and to collect any expense from the property owners. If the advertising area or structure of a nonconforming sign is altered in any way such sign shall be brought into compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

G. Billboards are subject to the provisions of Chapter 17.49, Non-Conforming Uses, Structures and Lots.

17.66.160 Temporary sign standards.

A. Applicability. All temporary signs are subject to the placement, size, and height requirements of this chapter, and the requirements in the underlying zone. The content of temporary signs is not regulated.

B. Permitting. A sign permit is not required for temporary signs.

C. Materials. Temporary signs may be made of any durable material, and the sign face may be of rigid or flexible construction, unless otherwise required in subsection (G) of this section.

D. Illumination Prohibited. Temporary signs may not be directly illuminated or be provided with any electric service.

E. Types of Temporary Signs. Subsections (E)(1) through (E)(6) of this section describe the temporary signs. Subsection (F) of this section describes the location where each type is allowed for commercial and noncommercial use.

1. Type 1. Signs in this category consist of small, temporary yard signs that are typically associated with (but not limited to) the advertisement of real estate, political campaigns, and event announcements. See subsection (G)(1) of this section for standards.

2. Type 2. Signs in this category are typically referred to as “banners” that are typically associated with (but not limited to) the announcement of community events. These may be freestanding (supported by posts on either end) or building-mounted. See subsection (G)(2) of this section for standards.

3. Type 3. Signs in this category are large yard signs typically associated with (but not limited to) the advertisement of land sales, construction activity, and commercial and industrial buildings for rent. See subsection (G)(3) of this section for standards.

4. Type 4. Signs in this category shall only include portable A-board signs, wind signs, and standing signs as defined by Section 17.66.030. Signs in this category are typically associated with (but not limited to) the advertisement of retail businesses and announcement of public events. See subsection (G)(4) of this section for standards.

5. Type 5. Signs in this category are feather signs (also referred to as sail signs). See subsection (G)(5) of this section for standards.

6. Type 6. Signs in this category include fixed aerial displays, balloons, pennants, spinners, strings of flags, streamers, tubes, and other devices affected by the movement of the air or other atmospheric or mechanical means. See subsection (G)(6) of this section for standards.

Figure 17.66.160(E). Examples of Temporary Sign Types

1. Property Type. General temporary sign type location requirements by private property and public right-of-way are shown in Table 17.66.160(F). See subsection (F)(2) of this section for other general requirements and subsection (G) of this section for specific location requirements by zone, signs on sidewalks, relation to business entries, etc.

Commercial			Noncommercial
	Private Property	Public Right-of-Way	Private Property	Public Right-of-Way
Type Allowed	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 listed in subsections(E)(1) through (E)(6)	1, 4 listed in subsections(E)(1) and (E)(4)	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 listed in subsections(E)(1) through (E)(6)	1, 4 listed in subsections(E)(1) and (E)(4)

a. With the exception of public right-of-way, temporary signs may only be located on public or private property with the property owner’s permission.

b. Temporary signs attached to building walls shall not be placed in a manner that obstructs any door, fire department sprinkler connection, or address numbers.

c. Temporary signs shall not be placed on the roof of a building, or affixed to a permanent sign or its structure, tree, utility pole, or street sign.

d. Temporary signs shall not be permanently attached to the ground, a building, or to any other structure, other than what is necessary to secure the sign to prevent theft, wind damage, or safety problems.

e. Temporary signs shall not be placed in any public park, trail, open space, or other public space, except for those signs placed or authorized by the government, agency, or organization that owns or maintains the land.

f. No part of a temporary sign may overhang a paved roadway, bicycle path, parking space, driveway, loading area, or wheelchair access.

g. Temporary signs shall not be placed within any roadway median, traffic circle, traffic islands, or roundabout.

h. Temporary signs in the public right-of-way shall be located at least five (5) feet from any other temporary sign.

i. Temporary signs in the public right-of-way shall be located at least twenty-five (25) feet from traffic signs, signals, wayfinding signs, and other traffic control devices erected by the city or other public authority.

j. Refer to Section 17.66.040 for other location restrictions.

G. Temporary Sign Requirements by Sign Type. Below are standards for a wide variety of temporary sign types that may be allowed based on the site’s zoning, land use, or context. Adjusted standards for certain activities and events are in subsection (H) of this section.

a. Location. May be located in any zone.

b. Quantity. Refer to Table 17.66.160(G)(1)(b).

Commercial	Noncommercial
One per business.	1 sign may be displayed per customer entrance, and no more than 2 signs may be displayed per business. Signs shall be placed within 15 feet of a customer entrance.	No limit.	No limit, except multiple signs for a single noncommercial purpose shall be separated from each other by at least 25 linear feet as measured along the centerline of the right-of-way. Refer to subsection (F)(2) of this section for related standards.

Commercial

Noncommercial

Private Property

Public Right-of-Way

Private Property

Public Right-of-Way

One per business.

1 sign may be displayed per customer entrance, and no more than 2 signs may be displayed per business. Signs shall be placed within 15 feet of a customer entrance.

No limit.

No limit, except multiple signs for a single noncommercial purpose shall be separated from each other by at least 25 linear feet as measured along the centerline of the right-of-way.

Refer to subsection (F)(2) of this section for related standards.

c. Size. Maximum sign area is six (6) square feet (per face if two (2) sided).

d. Height. Maximum height of the sign, including supports, is forty-two (42) inches above grade, except that post and arm style signs may be up to six (6) feet above grade.

e. Duration. Refer to Table 17.66.160(G)(1)(e).

Commercial		Noncommercial
Private Property	Public Right-of-Way	Private Property	Public Right-of-Way
90 days per individual sign for a single commercial purpose per calendar year.	No limit except may not be displayed between 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise.	No limit.	180 days per individual sign for a single noncommercial purpose per calendar year.

a. Location. May be located in the mixed-use, commercial, and industrial zones.

b. Quantity. One sign may be displayed per property, except properties larger than one (1) acre may have two (2) Type 2 signs and properties larger than five (5) acres may have three (3) Type 2 signs.

c. Size. Maximum sign area for freestanding signs is eighteen (18) square feet (per face of two (2) sided signs). The maximum sign area for building-mounted signs is the same as for wall signs (with internal lighting), established in Table 17.66.090(A)(3) and based on the size of the facade.

d. Height. Maximum height of freestanding signs, including supports, is six (6) feet above grade. Building-mounted signs shall not be placed on or above the roof of a building and shall not be placed over any windows.

e. Duration. For each property, signs may be displayed for a maximum forty-five (45) calendar days per year. A maximum of six (6) separate displays are permitted each year, with a minimum of ten (10) calendar days of separation between displays. Exception: Type 2 signs may be used for temporary business signs for new businesses (prior to placement of permitted permanent freestanding or building-mounted signs for the property) for a single period of up to one hundred eighty (180) days.

f. Noncommercial Adjustments. Noncommercial community banner signs up to one hundred (100) square feet in size and twenty (20) feet above grade in height may only be located on public banner poles erected by the city for that use.

a. Location. May be located in any zone under the following conditions:

(1) The parcel upon which the sign is displayed has a minimum of one hundred (100) feet of lot frontage.

(2) The parcel does not contain a permanent freestanding sign with digital or changeable copy.

b. Quantity. One (1) sign may be displayed per property.

c. Size. Maximum sign area is twenty-four (24) square feet (per face if two (2) sided).

d. Height. Maximum height of the sign, including supports, is eight (8) feet above grade.

e. Mounting. Signs may be only mounted and supported by posts or stakes which are attached to the ground.

f. Duration. Unless otherwise specified in this section for the particular location, use, or context:

(1) Type 3 temporary signs may be displayed without limit to duration on properties that are undeveloped or vacant.

(2) In all other cases, signs may be displayed a maximum of one (1) year, with a minimum of sixty (60) calendar days of separation between displays. The minimum separation period applies regardless of whether the previous display reached the maximum duration of display.

a. Location. May only be displayed in the commercial, mixed-use, and overlay zones.

b. Quantity. For commercial uses, one (1) sign may be displayed per customer entrance, and no more than two (2) signs may be displayed per business.

c. Size. Maximum sign area is six (6) square feet (per face if two (2) sided).

d. Height. Maximum height of the sign when placed in its display position, including supports, is four (4) feet above grade.

(1) Signs for a commercial use shall be located within fifteen (15) feet of a customer entrance.

(2) Signs placed on a pathway or sidewalk shall be placed to one (1) side of the sidewalk or pathway and provide a minimum of four (4) feet of unobstructed sidewalk or pathway width. Signs shall not be placed on sidewalks or pathways less than four (4) feet in width.

(3) Signs shall not be permanently attached or locked to sidewalks, utility poles, or other elements of the public right-of-way.

f. Duration. No restriction on duration.

Figure 17.66.160(G)(4). Examples of Type 4 Temporary Signs Include A-Board, Standing, and Wind Signs

A-Board Signs and Proper Type 4 Temporary Sign Location	Standing and Wind Signs
The sign above illustrates a proper location for a Type 4 temporary sign, whereas the sign(s) below are placed in the middle of the sidewalk where they obstruct pedestrian traffic.	Type 4 temporary signs may also include standing signs (above) and wind signs (below).

a. Location. May only be displayed on properties in a commercial or mixed-use zone.

b. Quantity. One (1) sign may be displayed per site/property. For site/properties with more than one hundred (100) feet of block frontage, multiple signs are allowed provided there is at least one hundred (100) feet of separation between signs.

c. Size. Maximum height is thirteen (13) feet.

d. Duration. Signs may be displayed without limit to duration.

6. Type 6—Aerial Displays. Such signs are prohibited except where used for an exterior event sign (see subsection (H)(2) of this section).

H. Adjustment of Standards for Certain Commercial Temporary Signs. Temporary signs associated with construction, exterior events, real estate, and other commercial uses have the following adjustments from the standards in subsection (G) of this section.

1. Exterior event signs, such as grand opening signs, sale signs, promotional signs, exhibitions, quitting business signs, and other nonpermanent exterior signs used to advertise an event.

a. Permitted Sign Types. Types 1 through 6.

b. Quantity. There is no limit to the number of exterior event signs that may be displayed at any one (1) time for any one (1) business or tenant.

c. Duration. Exterior event signs (individual signs and/or groups of signs) may be displayed for no more than sixty (60) cumulative days per calendar year per business or tenant.

2. Off-Site Residential Real Estate. Signs associated with residential properties for sale or rent shall comply with the following:

a. Permitted Sign Types. Types 1 and 4.

b. Location. No further from the subject property than the nearest arterial street intersection.

c. Quantity. No more than one (1) “For Sale” or “For Rent” sign may be used at any street intersection for any one (1) developer, broker, seller or owner.

d. Sign Area. Maximum size of two (2) square feet.

e. Duration. Shall be removed between thirty (30) minutes after sunset and thirty (30) minutes before sunrise.

17.66.170 Violations and authority to remove.

A. In case any sign shall be installed, erected, constructed or maintained in violation of any of the terms of this title, the director shall notify in writing the owner or lessee thereof to alter such sign so as to comply with this title. Failure to comply with any of the provisions of this chapter shall be deemed a violation and shall be punishable under Chapter 17.10, General Provisions.

B. Signs on public property, in public right-of-way, or attached to utility poles deemed to be in violation of this title may be removed by the city without notice.

C. Neither the city nor any of its agents shall be liable for any damage to the sign when removed under this section.

D. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve any person, corporation, firm, or entity from responsibility for damages to any other person suffering physical injury or damage to property as a result of the installation, display, maintenance, removal or inspection of any sign authorized under this chapter. The city and its employees and officials shall assume no liability for such injury or damage resulting from the authorization of any permit or inspection implementing the provisions of this chapter.

E. For all purposes hereafter, the owner of the premises shall be presumed to be the landowner of all signs thereon, unless the contrary shall appear from facts brought to the attention of the director.

17.66.180 Severability.

A. If any section, sentence, clause, phrase, word, portion, or provision of this chapter is held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect, impair, or invalidate any other section, sentence, clause, phrase, word, portion, or provision of this chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provision.

B. The invalidation of the application of any section, sentence, clause, phrase, word, portion, or provision of this chapter to a particular property or structure, or any particular properties or structures, by any court of competent jurisdiction shall not affect the application of such section, sentence, clause, phrase, word, portion or provision to any other property or structure not specifically included in said invalidation.

17.67.010 Purpose.

The purpose of this chapter is to:

A. Protect life and secure property while protecting the public from hazardous fences and hedges.

B. Increase visibility in appropriate circumstances by using the principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) to increase public safety and to deter crime.

C. Promote and enhance Aberdeen neighborhoods as walkable places and reduce impacts on the pedestrian experience that may result from taller fences and hedges adjacent to public rights-of-way.

17.67.020 Applicability.

It shall be the responsibility of the property owner to ensure that fences are located correctly with respect to property lines, rights-of-way, easements, setbacks and any other applicable boundaries. The city does not locate property lines or other applicable boundaries. Approval of a fence design and issuance of a fence permit do not clear the property owner of the responsibility to construct the fence at the appropriate location. Any fence proposed within a city right-of-way requires a permissive use permit (see Chapter 12.04, Use of Public Property) prior to construction.

17.67.030 Location, height, and design.

A. Applicability. All fences where allowed by this title shall meet the following standards unless otherwise regulated within this code:

1. Fences shall be wholly contained on an owner’s property or located on a property line when both abutting property owners provide written agreement.

2. Fences shall not be placed in a manner that hinders access to an easement.

1. See Table 17.67.030(C) for maximum fence heights in setbacks (Section 17.42.090).

Location	Maximum Height
Street setback (see Section 17.42.090(B))	4 feet
Side setback (see Section 17.42.090(C))	6 feet
Side setback, street or alley (see Section 17.42.090(D))	4 feet
Rear setback (see Section 17.42.090(F))	6 feet

2. The maximum fence heights near intersections of public rights-of-way shall be three (3) feet when within twenty (20) feet of a street intersection or ten (10) feet of an intersection involving an alley. The distance to intersection is measured from the corner of intersecting rights-of-way.

3. No maximum fence height shall apply to nonresidential public playgrounds, public utility installations or other public installations when the city engineer has determined that no part of the construction endangers life, health or safety.

4. Maximum fence heights do not apply in C, F-I, or W zones after the city engineer has determined that no part of the construction endangers life, health or safety.

17.67.040 Height measurement.

Fence height shall be measured from the finished grade to the top of the fence as shown in Figure 17.67.040. Where fences feature varying heights of finished grade on opposite sides of the fence, wall or hedge, then the height shall be measured from the side with the lower grade. Fence posts may exceed the height of the top rail by up to twelve (12) inches. For sloped sites, the average height between posts may be used, provided no portion of the fence exceeds the height limit by one (1) foot.

17.67.050 Permits.

A. A fence permit is required for all fences and walls.

B. Fences over seven (7) feet tall, in addition to a fence permit, will also require engineering.

C. A permissive use permit (see Chapter 12.04) is required prior to fence construction in a city right-of-way or on city property.

17.67.060 Industrial and commercial zones.

A. No maximum fence or wall height shall apply in the following areas:

1. Within side or rear setbacks within the C, WF, and CV zones after the city engineer has determined that no part of the construction endangers life, health or safety.

2. Within the F-I zone.

B. Any fence located in the DT-MU zone shall be constructed with materials approved by the community development department, including any fencing that abuts the city sidewalk. Chain link fencing shall not be permitted in this zone unless the department determines that it is necessary for construction and/or demolition projects or for the safety of pedestrians and vehicles from a derelict building.

17.67.070 Materials.

A. Allowed Materials. Fences may be constructed of:

1. Wood.

2. Masonry.

3. Wire.

4. Dense landscaping.

5. Other similar materials employed by standard building practice.

1. Fences shall not be made of tires, wheels, or salvage materials not originally designed as structural components of fences or buildings.

2. It is prohibited to treat, cause to be treated, or knowingly use materials that have been treated with chemicals or other substances designed to cause injury to humans for the construction of fences, except for the express purposes such treatment has been authorized.

1. Electric fences are not permitted in the city except when used to contain grazing animals.

2. Electric fences shall be set back at least five (5) feet from the property line or shall be enclosed by additional fencing or other barriers which prevent access to the electric fence.

3. Electric fences shall have “electric fence” warning signs attached at no less than twenty (20) lineal foot intervals.

1. Barbed wire, razor wire, and other similar dangerous fence materials are unlawful in any residential zone except for use in security structures around utility or communications facilities, schools, or other special property uses with security requirements which cannot feasibly be addressed by other means or which have established state or federal standards calling for the use of such fencing material.

2. In commercial and industrial zones, these fencing materials are permitted only atop a fence or wall at least six (6) feet above ground level or the surface of adjacent streets or sidewalks and where the fencing material does not overhang a public right-of-way.

17.67.080 Fence variances.

A. An administrative approval, by the community development department, to exceed maximum fence height and other provisions of these standards, can be applied for with a variance application and under which all of the following conditions exist:

1. Variation of existing grade on either side of the fence results in a fence lower than the maximum height as measured from the highest point of grade within five (5) feet of either side of the fence; or other special circumstances relating to the size, shape, topography, location or surroundings of the subject property warrant an exception to permit a fence comparable with use rights and privileges permitted to other properties in the vicinity and in the zone in which the subject property is located.

2. The special conditions and circumstances do not result from the action of the applicant.

3. Granting of the exception will not constitute a grant of special privilege inconsistent with the limitation upon uses of other properties in the vicinity and zone in which the property is located.

4. The granting of the exception will not be materially detrimental to the public welfare or injurious to the property or improvements in the vicinity and zone in which subject property is situated.

5. The exception is the minimum necessary to provide the rights and privileges described above.

6. The city engineer may grant the applicant permission to exceed maximum fence height in a vision clearance triangle if the fence or any portion above three (3) feet is constructed of material that is at least fifty (50) percent open work (chain link, woven wire, etc.) and does not exceed a height of five (5) feet.

7. The city engineer may grant the applicant permission to exceed maximum fence height in the city right-of-way; provided, that the applicant has received approval through the city’s variance process.

B. Violation. All fences not in compliance with this section are hereby declared to be public nuisances and are subject to abatement under Chapter 8.08 in addition to all penalties authorized by Chapter 17.10, General Provisions.

17.68.010 Clear-vision triangle requirements.

A. A clear-vision triangle must be maintained at the intersections of streets, alleys, and commercial driveways, with the following requirements:

1. A clear-vision triangle must contain no plantings, fences, walls, other structures, or visual obstructions within a vertical area extending from three (3) feet to eight (8) feet above the ground, measured from the established centerline of the street, alley or driveway.

2. The clear-vision triangle is determined by one (1) of the following methods:

a. Measuring fifteen (15) feet along both street property lines beginning at their point of intersection. The third side of the triangle is a line connecting the endpoints of the first two (2) sides of the triangle; or

b. Measuring fifteen (15) feet along the street lines and fifteen (15) feet along the edges of the driveway beginning at the respective points of intersection. The third side of each triangle is a line connecting the endpoints of the first two (2) sides of each triangle.

3. Subsection (A)(1) of this section does not apply to:

a. A tree trimmed to the trunk within the three (3) to eight (8) feet clear area.

b. Other plant species that are so planted and trimmed as to leave a clear and unobstructed cross-view in all seasons.

c. A supporting member or appurtenance to a permanent building lawfully existing on the site.

B. Exemptions. A clear-vision triangle is not required where maximum building setbacks would otherwise conflict with this section (see Chapter 17.61, Block Frontage Standards).

C. At the discretion of the city engineer, additional clear-vision area may be required to meet transportation safety requirements.

Figure 17.68.010. Clear Vision Triangle Requirements

Aberdeen City Zoning Code

Division VI

Project Design

17.61 Block Frontage Standards

…

B. Standards. All development on sites with a storefront block frontage designation shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.040(B).

…

17.60.010 Purpose.

This division is authorized by the city council as a major implementation tool of the Aberdeen comprehensive plan. Overall, this division intends to:

A. Provide clear objectives for the planning and design of development projects in Aberdeen.

B. Preserve and protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Aberdeen.

C. Promote and accomplish the goals, policies, and objectives of the Aberdeen comprehensive plan.

D. Ensure that new multifamily, mixed-use, and commercial development is of high quality and appropriate to Aberdeen’s character and context.

E. Increase awareness of design considerations among the citizens of Aberdeen.

F. Maintain and enhance property values within Aberdeen.

17.60.020 Applicability and compliance.

B. Relationship to Other Codes and Documents. Where provisions of this division conflict with provisions in any other section of the AMC, this division prevails unless otherwise noted.

C. For building additions, remodels, and site improvements, three (3) different thresholds have been established to determine how the standards herein are applied to such projects:

17.60.030 How the provisions of this chapter are applied.

A. Purpose statements, which are overarching objectives.

B. Guidelines use words such as “should” or “is/are recommended,” or “encouraged,” signifying voluntary measures.

C. Standards use words such as “shall” and “is/are required,” signifying mandatory actions.

17.60.040 Departures.

See Section 17.20.210 for procedures specific to departures.

17.61.010 Purpose.

A. To reinforce the historic storefront pattern in downtown Aberdeen.

B. To enhance the pedestrian environment in commercial and multifamily areas throughout Aberdeen.

C. To minimize potential negative impacts of parking lots and garages on the streetscape.

17.61.020 Applicability.

The provisions of this chapter apply to all nonresidential and multifamily development within the city.

17.61.030 Block frontage designation maps and regulations.

1. New multifamily and nonresidential development as set forth in Section 17.61.020 are subject to the block frontage standards herein.

4. All other block frontages not subject to the storefront or landscaped block frontage standards are subject to the basic block frontage standards (Section 17.61.060).

5. Civic uses, public buildings, and hotels are exempt from the block frontage standards, provided the building and site design meet the following objectives:

a. Enliven the pedestrian environment along the adjacent sidewalks.

b. Incorporate a prominent and inviting entry visible from the street. If the site has multiple street frontages, the entry shall be visible from at least one (1) street.

c. The site and building design stands out from the surrounding context as a distinct landmark and provides visual interest from all observable scales.

B. Map Updates. The block frontage designation map will be updated by ordinance by the city council as necessary to reflect new streets and other adjustments.

17.61.040 Storefront block frontage standards.

B. Standards. All development on sites with a storefront block frontage designation shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.040(B).

Element	Standards	Additional Provisions and Examples
Ground Level
Land use	Nonresidential uses permitted by Section 17.41.050 are required on the ground level.	Lobbies and accessory uses associated with upper-floor hotel/motel, business service, and multifamily residential uses are allowed provided they are limited to 25 percent of all storefront block frontages (measured separately for each block).
Floor to ceiling height	13 feet minimum	Applies to the area within the minimum retail space depth.
Retail space depth	40 feet minimum ➲	Applies to the entire width of the retail space.
Building placement	Buildings shall be placed at the back edge of the required sidewalk. Additional setbacks may be allowed for a wider sidewalk or where a public space is provided between the sidewalk and the building.
Building entrances	Primary building entrances shall face the street. For corner buildings, primary entrances for ground-level uses may face either street or the street corner.
Facade transparency	Transparent windows are required for at least 60 percent of the transparency zone (facade between 30 inches and 10 feet). ➲	Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	Weather protection over the sidewalk is required along at least 60 percent of the building’s facade, and it shall be a minimum of 6 feet deep (drip lines shall be at least that far from the face of the building). Additional standards: • Weather protection shall have 10 to 15 feet of vertical clearance. • Weather protection shall not interfere with existing street trees, utility poles, street signs, or extend beyond the edge of the sidewalk.	• Vinyl or plastic awnings or canopies are prohibited. • Any canopy or awning over a public sidewalk should be a permanent architectural element.
Parking location	New ground-level (surface or structured) parking adjacent to the street is limited to one 60-foot wide aisle located to the side of a building (and may include a driveway). Otherwise, parking may be placed below, above, and/or behind storefronts.
Sidewalk width	Minimum design options: • 12 feet minimum between the curb edge and the storefront, including 8 feet minimum walking surface width and trees are integrated in grates. • 8 feet minimum sidewalk and 6 feet minimum planter strip. Wider sidewalks may be required for certain streets by the Aberdeen Urban Services Standards and Guidelines Manual. Setbacks and utility easements shall also be considered and may result in a larger minimum sidewalk width.

17.61.050 Landscaped block frontage standards.

A. Purpose. Landscaped block frontages emphasize landscaped street setbacks, clear pedestrian connections between the building and the sidewalk, and minimize surface parking lots along the frontages.

B. Applicability. The standards herein apply to:

1. All multifamily development.

2. All nonresidential development in residential zones, except permitted commercial development on corner lots may choose to comply with storefront block frontage standards.

3. All nonresidential development in the NC-MU zone, except such development may choose to comply with storefront block frontage standards.

C. Standards. Landscaped block frontages shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.050(C).

Element	Standards	Additional Provisions and Examples
Ground Level Land use	Any use permitted by Chapter 17.41, Allowed Uses.
Building placement	5-foot minimum setbacks are required, except multifamily residential uses shall maintain a 10-foot minimum setback from the sidewalk. Additional standards: • 20-foot maximum setback. • Covered entries and porches are allowed to project up to 6 feet into this required setback. • Additional setbacks may be required where future right-of-way need and/or acquisitions have been identified in city plans.
Building entrances	At least one public or shared building entry shall be visible from the sidewalk and feature direct physical access from the sidewalk. ➲	Primary private entrances facing the street for ground level residential units are encouraged.
Facade transparency (for all street-facing elevations)	Transparent windows are required for at least 30 percent of the transparency zone (facade between 30 inches and 10 feet) for buildings with ground level nonresidential uses.➲ All residential building facades and residential portions of mixed-use buildings shall have at least 15 percent transparency (be comprised of transparent windows).	For ground level non-residential uses: Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	Weather protection at least 3 feet deep shall be provided over individual business and residential entries. Weather protection for shared entrances shall be at least 5 feet deep.
Parking location	Parking shall be located to the side, under, or rear of buildings. For multi-building developments, no more than 50 percent of the lot frontage can be occupied by off-street parking and driveways. ➲	Where a drive-through lane exists between the street and a building, it shall qualify as a parking area. Also see Section 17.62.050 for areas where drive-though uses are prohibited.
Landscaping	Building setback areas shall be landscaped per Chapter 17.64, Landscaping. Parking lots developed adjacent to the street shall comply with landscaping provisions of Section 17.64.060(D).
Sidewalk width	A 5-foot sidewalk accompanied by a minimum 5-foot landscape strip is required within the right-of-way adjacent to the front property line as well as adjoining arterial corridors.

17.61.060 Basic block frontage (streets with no designated block frontage).

A. Purpose. Basic block frontages offer greater flexibility in siting off-street parking areas, while providing visual interest at all observable scales and meet the design objectives of the city.

C. Standards. Basic block frontages shall comply with the standards in Table 17.61.060 (C).

The ➲ symbol refers to DEPARTURE opportunities in Section 17.61.040(C).

Element	Standards
Building placement	Buildings placed up to the sidewalk edge shall meet storefront block frontage standards in Section 17.61.040. Buildings not placed up to the sidewalk shall feature a 10-foot minimum street setback except where greater setbacks are required by the zone.
Building entrances	Building entrances facing the street are encouraged. At a minimum, at least one building entry visible and directly accessible from the street is required. ➲ Where buildings are setback from the street, pedestrian connections from the sidewalk are required.
Facade transparency (for all street facing elevations)	For storefronts, at least 60 percent ➲ Other buildings designed with nonresidential uses on the ground floor within 10 feet of sidewalk, at least 30 percent. ➲ For residential buildings, at least 15 percent. ➲ For ground level nonresidential uses: Windows that are mirrored, darkly tinted, covered, frosted, or perforated in any manner that obscures visibility into the building do not count as transparent window area.
Weather protection	At least 3 feet deep over primary business and residential entries.
Parking location	There are no parking lot location restrictions, except for landscaped buffer requirements set forth in Section 17.64.060(D).
Landscaping	Building setback areas shall be landscaped per Chapter 17.64, Landscaping. Parking lots developed adjacent to the street shall comply with landscaping provisions of Section 17.64.060(D).
Sidewalk width	A 5-foot sidewalk accompanied by a minimum 5-foot landscape strip is required within the right-of-way adjacent to the front property line as well as adjoining arterial corridors.

1. Building Entrances. Alternative designs may be considered provided the pedestrian route from the sidewalk to the entry is clear.

2. Facade Transparency. Facade transparency may be reduced to the following minimums if the facade design provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates the impacts of blank walls:

a. For storefronts, at least thirty (30) percent.

b. Other buildings designed with nonresidential uses on the ground floor within ten (10) feet of a sidewalk, at least fifteen (15) percent.

c. For residential buildings, at least seven and one-half (7.5) percent.

17.62.010 Applicability.

The provisions of this chapter apply to all nonresidential and multifamily development, except development in the following zones:

A. Industrial.

B. Light Industrial.

17.62.020 Side and rear-yard setbacks.

1. To promote the functional and visual compatibility between developments.

2. To protect the privacy of residents on adjacent properties.

DEPARTURES will be considered where it is determined that the proposed design will not create a compatibility problem based on the unique site context.

17.62.030 Residential amenity space.

1. To create usable amenity space that is suitable for leisure or recreational activities for residents.

2. To create amenity space that contributes to the residential setting.

B. Applicability. Residential amenity space meeting the standards of this section is required for all new:

1. Multifamily development.

2. Mixed-use development with residential dwellings.

3. Senior housing and other age-restricted facilities.

Exemption. Above developments adjacent to or across the street from a public park.

C. Amount Required. Applicable developments are required to provide residential amenity space equal to a minimum of:

1. One hundred (100) square feet per dwelling unit for studio and one (1) bedroom dwellings.

2. One hundred fifty (150) square feet per dwelling unit for dwellings with two (2) or more bedrooms.

E. Types. The following table illustrates the types of residential amenity spaces that may be used to meet the requirements in subsection (C) of this section.

Residential Amenity Space Type	Percentage of Required Amenity Space	Subsection Cross-Reference (To Applicable Design Standards)
Common outdoor recreational areas	Up to 100 percent	17.62.030(F)(1)
Shared roof decks	Up to 50 percent	17.62.030(F)(2)
Private ground level open space (applicable only to adjacent dwelling units)	Up to 100 percent	17.62.030(F)(3)
Private balconies	Up to 25 percent	17.62.030(F)(4)
Shared indoor recreation areas	Up to 25 percent	17.62.030(F)(5)