Bellevue City Zoning Code
ARTICLE XX
Off-Street Parking and Loading Requirements
§ 155-20.01 General parking requirements.
A.
There shall be provided in all districts at the time of erection or enlargement of any main building or structure, off-street parking space with adequate access to all spaces. The number of off-street parking spaces, in conjunction with all land or building use, shall be determined prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy as prescribed in this chapter.
B.
Application for parking lot construction. Any person desiring to establish or change a parking area shall submit plans to the Zoning Administrator showing the locations, elevations, design, size, shape, landscaping, surfacing, marking, lighting, drainage, curb cuts, entrances, exits, and any other features of the parking lot. Proposed curb cuts, entrances, exits, and drainage involving County or State highways shall be submitted to the appropriate agency for approval.
C.
Minimum required off-street parking areas shall not be replaced by any other use unless and until equal parking facilities are provided elsewhere.
D.
Off-street parking existing at the effective date of this chapter in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to any amount less than that required in this chapter for a similar new building or new use.
E.
Two or more buildings or uses may collectively provide for required off-street parking in which case the number of parking spaces shall not be less than the sum of the requirements for the several individual uses computed separately. In the instance of dual function off-street parking spaces where operating hours of buildings do not overlap, the Board of Appeals may grant a variance.
F.
The placement of materials, merchandise, motor vehicles, trucks, trailers, recreational vehicles or equipment in the designated off-street parking area of a property for the purpose of sale, rental or repair, including the storage of such items, is prohibited, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
G.
For uses not specifically mentioned, requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accord with similar uses.
H.
When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including 1/2 shall be disregarded and fractions over 1/2 shall require one parking space.
I.
For the purpose of computing the number of parking spaces required, the definition of "usable floor area" in Article II shall govern. In those instances where floor area cannot be computed from plans, 75% of gross floor area shall be considered usable floor area.
J.
For all buildings in a residential district, the required parking area shall be provided on the same lot with the buildings or on a lot immediately adjacent under the same ownership.
K.
Parking in residential districts shall not be permitted in any required front yard area or in the street side yard area of a corner lot except in a driveway or a defined parking area. The aggregate area of the driveway or defined parking area shall not exceed 35% of the front yard. The parking area shall be paved with concrete, asphalt, stone, or gravel. In those instances where stone or gravel is utilized, a compacted depth of stone or gravel not less than three inches thick shall be provided and maintained.
L.
Required off-street parking for single-family dwellings may be provided in a stacking configuration in a driveway or garage or combination thereof.
M.
Within a residential district, all parking areas, except for single-family dwellings, shall be screened on all sides that abut upon (1) a single-family residence, (2) a residential district, or (3) a street, with an ornamental fence or compact hedge which shall not be less than four feet high and, of a type which will obscure vision at all seasons from adjoining premises, except where it may block clear vision for traffic movement it shall be 30 inches in height.
N.
No commercial repair work or commercial servicing of any kind shall be conducted in parking areas in residential districts. A resident may repair his/her vehicles on the property of the resident's dwelling unit, but no others, and such repair shall be conducted in not to exceed seven consecutive days in any thirty-day period.
O.
A resident of a dwelling unit may have not more than one motorized vehicle for sale on the site of such dwelling unit at any time and in no instance shall vacant residential lots or parcels be utilized for the sale of vehicles. In no instance shall a vehicle for sale be displayed in a front yard other than on the driveway portion of the yard.
P.
Within a residential district parking shall be limited to passenger vehicles, recreational vehicles, recreation equipment, and trucks with a load capacity of 2 1/2 tons or less.
§ 155-20.02 Required off-street parking.
A.
Residential.
Use | Number of Minimum Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure | |
|---|---|---|
(1) | Residential, one-family | Two for each dwelling unit |
(2) | Residential, multiple-family | Two for each dwelling unit having two or fewer bedrooms and 2 1/2 for each dwelling unit having three or more bedrooms |
(3) | Elderly housing, dependent | 0.75 for each dwelling unit |
(4) | Elderly housing, independent | 1.25 for each dwelling unit |
(5) | Mobile home park | Two for each mobile home site, one for each employee of the mobile home park and one for each three mobile homes for visitor parking |
B.
Institutional.
Use | Number of Minimum Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure | |
|---|---|---|
(1) | Churches and temples | One for each three seats or six feet of pews in the main unit of worship |
(2) | Mosques | One for each 30 square feet of floor space in the main unit of worship |
(3) | Hospitals | One and one quarter for each bed plus parking for related uses |
(4) | Convalescent and/or nursing homes | One for each four beds |
(5) | Elementary and junior high schools | One for each teacher, employee or administrator, in addition to the requirements of the auditorium or stadium |
(6) | Senior high schools | One for each teacher, employee or administrator, in addition to the requirements of the auditorium or stadium |
(7) | Private clubs or lodge halls | One for each 75 square feet of usable floor area |
(8) | Private golf clubs, swimming pool clubs, tennis clubs or other similar uses | One for each three member individuals |
(9) | Golf courses open to the general public except miniature or "par 3" courses | Four for each golf hole and one for each employee, plus spaces required for each accessory use, such as a restaurant or bar |
(10) | Stadium, sports arena or similar place of outdoor assembly | One for each three seats or five feet of benches |
(11) | Theaters and auditoriums | One for each three seats plus one for each two employees |
(12) | Nursery schools, day nurseries or child-care centers | One space for each caregiver or teacher and off-street dropoff and child pickup space |
(13) | Library, museum, post office | One for each 150 square feet of usable floor area |
C.
Business and commercial.
Use | Number of Minimum Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure | |
|---|---|---|
(1) | Auto wash (automatic) | One for each employee In addition, parking spaces equal in number to four times the maximum capacity of the auto wash; maximum capacity of the auto wash shall mean the greatest number of automobiles undergoing some phase of washing at the same time, which shall be determined by dividing the length in feet of each wash line by 20 |
(2) | Auto wash (self-service or coin-operated) | Three for each washing stall in addition to the stall itself |
(3) | Beauty parlor or barber shop | Two spaces for each of the first two beauty or barber chairs, and one space for each additional chair |
(4) | Bowling alleys | Five for each bowling lane plus parking for accessory uses |
(5) | Dance halls, pool or billiard parlors, roller skating rinks, exhibition halls, and assembly halls without fixed seats | One for each 60 square feet of usable floor area |
(6) | Drive-in restaurant | One for each employee and one for each 25 square feet of usable floor area |
(7) | Drive-through | One for each employee and four stacking spaces for each drive-through window or station |
(8) | Carry-out (with no eating on premises) | One for each employee and one for each 60 square feet of usable floor area with a minimum of four spaces |
(9) | Establishment for sale and consumption on the premises of beverages, food or refreshments | One for each 75 square feet of usable floor area or one for each two persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes, whichever is greater |
(10) | Furniture and appliance household equipment, repair shops, showroom of a plumber, decorator or electrician | One for each 800 square feet of usable floor area For floor area used in processing, one additional space shall be provided for each two persons employed therein |
(11) | Gasoline service stations | One parking space for each 50 square feet of floor area in the cashier and office areas in addition to space provided at each fuel pump dispenser; in no instance shall such facility provide fewer than three spaces for cashiers and office use Gasoline service stations providing car wash facilities, lubrication facilities, sale of food, beverages and other products shall provide additional off-street parking spaces based upon the requirements for such uses |
(12) | Laundromats and coin-operated dry cleaners | One for each three washing and dry-cleaning machines |
(13) | Miniature or "par 3" golf courses | One for each two holes plus one for each employee |
(14) | Mini storage rental | One space for each employee and one space for each 50 storage rental units |
(15) | Mortuary establishments | One for each 50 square feet of each assembly room |
(16) | Motel, hotel or other commercial lodging establishments | One for each occupancy unit plus one for each employee |
(17) | Motor vehicle sales and service establishments | One for each 100 square feet of usable floor area of sales room or three for each auto service stall in the service areas, whichever is the greater |
(18) | Oil change and lubrication station | One for each employee plus parking spaces equal in number to three times the maximum capacity of service stalls provided at the facility |
(19) | Retail stores, except as otherwise specified herein | One for each 160 square feet of usable floor area |
(20) | Public utility structures | One for each employee on the maximum work shift |
(21) | Indoor tennis facility | Four for each court plus spaces as required for each permitted accessory use |
(22) | Amusement arcade | One for each game table and one for each amusement device |
(23) | Athletic clubs, exercise establishments, health clubs, sauna baths, judo clubs and other similar uses | One parking space for each three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county of state fire, building or health codes, plus one space per employee; in those instances where memberships are provided for, not less than one space per each four memberships shall be provided, plus one space per employee |
D.
Office.
Use | Number of Minimum Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure | |
|---|---|---|
(1) | Banks | One for each 100 square feet of usable floor area |
(2) | Banks (drive-in) | One for each employee In addition, waiting spaces at each service window or station shall be provided at the rate of four for each service window or station; each waiting space shall measure not less than 20 feet in length |
(3) | Business offices or professional offices, except as indicated in Subsection D(4) | One for each 250 square feet of usable floor area |
(4) | Professional office of doctors, dentists and similar professions | One for each 50 square feet of usable floor area in waiting rooms, and one for each examining room, dental chair, office, laboratory, X-ray therapy room or similar use area |
E.
Industrial.
Use | Number of Minimum Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure | |
|---|---|---|
(1) | Industrial or research establishments and related accessory offices | Five plus one for every 1 1/2 employees in the largest working shift or one for each 450 square feet of usable floor area, whichever is greater Space on site shall also be provided for all construction workers during periods of plant construction |
(2) | Warehouses and wholesale establishments and related accessory offices | Five plus one for every employee in the largest working shift, or five plus one for every 1,700 square feet of usable floor space, whichever is greater Space on site shall also be provided for all construction workers during periods of construction |
F.
Parking for handicapped. All districts:
(1)
Off-street parking facilities required for physically handicapped-accessible buildings shall be based on the provisions of Act 230 of the Public Acts of 1972, as amended.
§ 155-20.03 Required off-street loading.
A.
Off-street loading and unloading spaces shall be provided in all office, business and industrial districts in connection with all office, commercial and industrial uses, except in cases where adequate space, as determined by the Zoning Administrator, is or can be provided on adjacent public property, as set forth below:
(1)
For 10,000 to 50,000 square feet of floor area, one space.
(2)
For 50,000 to 100,000 square feet of floor area, two spaces.
(3)
One additional space for each additional 100,000 square feet of floor area or part thereof. All loading and unloading space shall be subject to the following provisions:
(a)
Each loading space shall be at least 12 feet in width, 88 feet in length, and have a height clearance of 14 feet above grade.
(b)
The space may occupy all or any part of any required yard or court space, excluding front yard area.
(c)
No space shall be located closer than 50 feet to any lot in any residential district, unless wholly within a completely enclosed building or unless enclosed on all sides facing residential zones by a wall or uniformly painted solid board or masonry fence of uniform appearance which is not less than eight feet in height.
§ 155-20.04 Design and construction.
A.
Off-street parking lots shall be so arranged and marked with adequate drives and aisles for safe and convenient maneuvering giving access to parking spaces, and in no case shall a parking space be permitted which would necessitate the backing of a motor vehicle into a street or over a public walk.
B.
Each nonresidential parking space shall be served by a drive or aisle. Design and construction of drives and aisles must be approved by the Zoning Administrator.
C.
There shall be a curb or wheel stop or bumper rail provided wherever an off-street parking and loading area adjoins a public sidewalk right-of-way, or adjoining property line. The curb, wheel stop or bumper rail shall be designed to prevent any portion of a vehicle from encroaching upon the sidewalk, right-of-way, or adjoining property.
D.
Any lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking and loading area shall be arranged to direct light away from adjoining premises.
E.
Design and construction of access drives shall be approved by the Zoning Administrator.
F.
Any construction or rearrangement of existing drives which involve the ingress or egress of vehicular traffic to or from a public street shall be arranged to ensure the maximum safety and the least interference of traffic upon the streets.
§ 155-20.05 Parking space layout, standards, construction and maintenance.
A.
Whenever the off-street parking requirements in this article require the building of an off-street parking facility, such off-street parking lots shall be laid out, constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations:
(1)
No parking lot shall be constructed unless and until a permit therefor is issued. Applications for permit shall be submitted with two sets of site plans for the development and construction of the parking lot showing that the provisions of this article will be fully complied with.
(2)
Plans for the layout of off-street parking facilities shall be in accord with the following minimum requirements (Table B) except as modified by Act 230 of 1972, MCLA § 125.1501 et seq. (parking space width requirement of not less than 12 feet).
(3)
All spaces shall be provided adequate access by means of maneuvering lanes, and may not require backing directly onto a street or sidewalk.
(4)
All maneuvering lane widths shall permit one-way traffic movement except that the 90° pattern shall permit two-way movement.
(5)
All parking areas for commercial or industrial district uses shall be screened on all sides abutting or across a street or alley from a residential district. The screen shall be an ornamental fence or compact hedge not less than six feet high of a type which will obscure vision at all seasons from adjoining premises.
(6)
Each entrance to and exit from any off-street parking lot located in an area zoned for other than single-family residential use shall be at least 25 feet distant from adjacent property located in any single-family residential district.
(7)
The entire parking and loading area, including parking spaces and maneuvering lanes required under this section, shall be provided surfacing in accordance with specifications approved by the Village except as provided for in residential areas (§ 155-20.01L). The parking areas shall be surfaced within one-year of the date the occupancy permit is issued.
(8)
Off-street parking areas shall be drained so as to dispose of all surface water accumulated in the parking area in such a way as to preclude drainage of water onto adjacent property or toward buildings.
B.
Parking space layout standards shall be provided in accord with the specification in the following table:
Table B | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parking Pattern | Maneuvering Land Width | Parking Space Width | Parking Space Length | Total Width of One Tier of Spaces Plus Maneuver- ing Lane | Total Width of Two Tiers of Spaces Plus Maneuvering Lane |
Parallel parking | 12 feet | 8 feet | 23 feet | N/A | N/A |
30° to 53° | 12 feet | 8 feet 6 inches | 20 feet | 26 feet | 46 feet |
54° to 74° | 15 feet | 8 feet 6 inches | 20 feet | 36 feet | 56 feet |
75° to 90° | 20 feet | 9 feet | 20 feet | 48 feet | 68 feet |
§ 155-20.06 Variances and exceptions.
A.
The Zoning Board of Appeals shall have authority to interpret this section and may in specific cases and after public hearing and where justified grant variances to the requirements of this Article XX.
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