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Ben Avon City Zoning Code

ARTICLE VIII

Parking and Loading

§ 2000-800 Off-Street Parking Requirements.

[Ord. 738, 8/18/2009; as amended by Ord. 756, 8/21/2012; by Ord. No. 779, 8/31/2017; by Ord. No. 784, 3/19/2019; and by Ord. No. 785, 3/19/2019]
A. 
Statement of Purpose and Applicability.
(1) 
The purpose of this Article is to ensure the provision of adequate pedestrian circulation facilities and off-street parking and loading areas. It is further the intent of these regulations to avoid undue congestion on residential and public streets; to protect the level of service and capacity of existing streets; to avoid unnecessary conflicts between pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicles; and to promote the general health, safety and public welfare.
(2) 
These off-street parking and loading regulations of this Article shall apply to all parking and loading areas, including driveways for single-family and two-family dwellings, established within the Boroughs of Avalon, Bellevue, and Ben Avon.
(3) 
Off-street parking shall be provided in compliance with this Article where any building is erected, changed to a different use, or increased in size or capacity by more than 25%.
(4) 
For single-family or duplex use where there is inadequate space or access for in the back yard for full compliance with these requirements, or if the maximum slope requirements cannot be reasonably met, the Applicable Zoning Officer may waive or modify the requirement, or accept alternative accommodation, or refer such decision to the applicable Zoning Hearing Board.
(5) 
Nothing in this Article shall compel uses existing prior to passage of this Ordinance to comply with these loading requirements except that any increase in size or capacity of an existing use, or change to different use, upon the same lot, shall be provided with off-street parking in accordance with these requirements.
B. 
General Requirements for Parking.
(1) 
Permanence of Requirements. No owner or operator of any structure or use shall discontinue, dispense with, or cause a reduction in pedestrian access or in the number of required off-street parking or loading spaces without establishing alternative vehicular parking and/or loading facilities which meet the requirements of this Article. Any structure or use which is altered or expanded in a manner which would warrant the provision of additional off-street parking or loading facilities shall provide such facilities in compliance with this Article, prior to occupancy of the altered or expanded portion of the use. If, as a result of amendments to this Zoning Ordinance regarding the number and/or size of parking or loading spaces, an existing use is determined to have an excess number of space(s), such space(s) may be removed upon approval of a revised site plan.
(2) 
Parking Outside of the Curb Lines. All required parking in any "R" Zoning District must be outside of the front yard in any "R" District. No single-family, duplex, or two family lots shall have more than 25% of the front yard used for driveway purposes.
(a) 
No person shall park a vehicle on any portion of any street between the curb line and the lot line, except on recommendation of Code Enforcement, Emergency Response Personnel, or as expressly approved by Resolution of Borough Council.
(b) 
No person shall park a vehicle in violation of these front yard parking provisions.
(3) 
Required Number. The off-street parking spaces required for each use permitted by this code shall be not less than that found in Table 2000.800.1, Off-Street Parking Schedule, provided that any fractional parking space is computed as a whole space.
(4) 
Combination of Uses. Where there is a combination of uses on a lot, the required number of parking spaces shall be the sum of that found for each use.
(5) 
Location of Lot. The parking spaces required by this Article shall be provided on the same lot as the use or where the exclusive use of such is provided on another lot not more than 500 feet (152 m) radially from the subject lot within the same or less- restrictive zoning district.
(a) 
Parking to serve any multiple-family residential building shall be located so that no required space is more than 200 feet from the building such space is designed to serve.
(b) 
Parking to serve any non-residential use shall be located so that no required space is more than 400 feet from the building or use such space is designed to serve.
(6) 
Accessible Spaces. Accessible parking spaces and passenger loading zones shall be provided in accordance with the following table unless otherwise defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act or equivalent provisions. The percentage of van accessible spaces shall also be provided in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act or equivalent provisions.
Total Number of Spaces
Number of Accessible Spaces
<100
4%
>100 but <200
4 plus 2% of the number over 100
>200 but <500
6 plus 2% of the number over 200
>500 but <1,000
2%
>1,000
20 plus 1% of the number over 1,000
TABLE 2000.800.1 Off-Street Parking Schedule
Use
Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements
Minimum Loading Requirements
Accessory Dwelling
1 per unit
N/A
Apartment, Garden
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Apartment, High-Rise
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Bed and Breakfast
1 space for each guest room or 1 space per every 2 guests if more than 2 guests per guest room
N/A
Boarding House
1 for each 2 full-time staff plus 1 for every 2 beds
N/A
Duplex
2 per unit
N/A
Group Care Facility/Halfway House
1 for every 4 residents plus 1 for each employee on peak shift
N/A
Mobile Home
N/A
N/A
Mobile Home Park
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Nursing Home/Life Care Facility
1 for every 4 residents plus 1 for each employee on peak shift
N/A
Personal Care Home
N/A
N/A
Quadplex
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Short-Term Rental
1 space for each guest room or 1 space per every 2 guests if more than 2 guests per guest room
N/A
Single-Family Dwelling
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Townhouse
2 per dwelling unit
N/A
Automobile Rental
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Automobile Sales (Car, Truck, Motorcycle, Boat, or Trailer)
Parking Demand Analysis Required
1 for every 5,000 s.f. of g.f.a showroom
Automotive Services
2 per service bay
N/A
Bakery
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Business Services
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
0 - 19,999 s.f. = 1 berth
20,000 - 60,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 60,000 space = 1 additional berth
Car Wash
1 per every 200 square feet of office plus 4 stacking spaces for automatic wash; 2 stacking spaces for self-service
N/A
Catering Service
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Cemetery
2 plus 1 for each 2 employees
N/A
Check Cashing Establishment
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Cinema
1 per 3 seats
N/A
Community Center
1 per 500 square feet
N/A
Conference/Convention Center
1 for every 500 square feet of net floor area
0-4,999 s.f. = 1 berth
5,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Consignment Store
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Contractor's Storage Yard
1 for every 2,000 square feet of net lot area
N/A
Convenience Store
1 for every 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
0-9,999 s.f. = 1 berth
10,000 - 19,999 s.f. = 2 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Correctional Facility
1 for every 400 square feet of gross floor area
0-4,999 s.f. = 1 berth
5,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Country Club/Golf Course
1 for every 4 members, plus the number of spaces required for a low turnover restaurant is included
0-4,999 s.f. = 1 berth
5,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Crematorium
1 per 1,000 square feet
N/A
Day Care Center (Adult or Child)
1 for every 300 square feet of gross floor area with a minimum of 4 spaces
N/A
Day Care Home (Adult or Child)
1 for every 300 square feet of gross floor area with a minimum of 4 spaces
N/A
Drive-In Theater
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Driving Range
1 for every 2 Tee Stands
N/A
Dry Cleaning Facility
1 for every 2 employees
N/A
Dry Cleaning, Customer Services
1 for every 1,000 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Emergency Services
1 for every 750 square feet of net floor area
N/A
Essential Services
1 for every 750 square feet of net floor area
N/A
Exercise/Fitness Facility
1 for every 400 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Farmer's Market
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Feed Store
1 for every 300 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Financial Institution/Bank
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Flea Market
2 for every 1,000 square feet
N/A
Flex Space
1 for every 300 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Food Processing Facility
1 for every 750 square feet of net floor area
0 - 4,999 s.f. = 1 berth
5,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Funeral Home
25 for the first parlor room, plus 10 for each additional parlor room
1 for every 4 viewing rooms
Gasoline/Energy Recharge Station
1 for each employee and employer
N/A
Greenhouse
1 for every 200 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Grocery Store
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Hardware Store
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Heliport
2 per helipad plus 1 per each employee
N/A
Home Improvement Center
1 per 200 square feet of gross floor area
0 - 4,999 s.f. = 1 berth
5,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Home Occupation No Impact
1 per employee
N/A
Home Occupation Other
1 per employee
N/A
Hospital
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Hotel
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Industrial, Heavy (Manufacturing, etc.)
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Industrial, Light (Warehousing, distribution, etc.)
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Junkyard
1 for each peak shift employee plus 2 for patrons
N/A
Kennel
1 for each peak shift employee plus 1 for each 1,000 square feet
N/A
Landfill
1 for each peak shift employee plus 5 for patrons
N/A
Laundromat
N/A
N/A
Library
1 per 600 square feet
0 - 20,000 s.f. = 1 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Marina
Parking Demand Analysis Required
0 - 20,000 s.f. = 1 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Massage Therapy Establishment
1 for each table plus 1 per 2 employees
N/A
Medical Clinic/Triage Center
1 for every 3 seats in Waiting Room plus 1 space for each employee
N/A
Motel
0 - 59,999 s.f. = 1 berth
60,000 - 99,000 s.f. = 2 berth
100,000 - 160,000 s.f. = 3 berth
Each additional 60,000 space = 1 additional berth
Museum
1 for every 400 square feet of public space plus 1 for each employee
N/A
Nursery
1 per 1,000 square feet of net lot area
N/A
Office, Medical
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
0 - 59,999 s.f. = 1 berth
Each additional 30,000 space = 1 additional berth
Office, Professional/Administrative
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Park
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Performance Studio or Gallery
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Personal and Professional Service
1 per 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
0 - 29,999 s.f. = 1 berth
30,000 - 59,999 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 30,000 space = 1 additional berth
Pet Cemetery
3
N/A
Pharmacy
1 per 300 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
0-20,000 s.f. = 1 berth
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Place of Worship or Assembly
1 for every 8 seats in the largest meeting room
1 berth per 500 seats
Post Office
1 space per peak shift employee plus 1 space per 800 square feet of gross floor area
0 - 9,999 s.f. = 1 berth
10,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Printing and Publishing Facility
1 for every 500 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Public Borough/Safety Building
1 space per peak shift employee plus 1 space per 800 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Public Works Facility
1 space per employee on shift of maximum employment plus 1 space per 800 square feet of gross floor area
N/A
Railroad Facility
1 per every 2 employees
N/A
Recreation, Indoor (Bowling, Paintball, Billiards, etc.)
2 for every 1,000 square feet
N/A
Recreation, Outdoor (Athletic Fields, Go-Carts, etc.)
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Recycling, Retail
1 for every 200 square feet of net flooring
N/A
Repair Shop (Electrical and Household Appliances)
1 per every 500 square feet above first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Research Facility
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Restaurant, Without Drive-Through
1 per every 500 square feet above the first 2,000 square feet
0 - 59,999 s.f. = 1 berth
60,000 - 99,000 s.f. = 2 berth
100,000 - 160,000 s.f. = 3 berth
Each additional 60,000 space = 1 additional berth
Restaurant, With Drive-Through
Parking Demand Analysis Required
0-59,999 s.f. = 1 berth
60,000 - 99,000 s.f. = 2 berths
100,000 - 160,000 s.f. = 3 berth
Each additional 60,000 space = 1 additional berth
Retail Business/Sales
1 for every 200 square feet of net flooring
0-9,999 s.f. = 1 berth
10,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Rifle Range
1 for every 100 square feet
N/A
School, Academic
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
School, Commercial
1 space per employee plus 1 space per every 5 students
0 - 59,999 s.f. = 1 berth
60,000 - 99,000 s.f. = 2 berths
100,000 - 160,000 s.f. = 3 berths
Each additional 60,000 space = 1 additional berth
School, Kindergarten/Pre-Nursery
1 space per employee plus 1 space per every 10 students
N/A
Sexually-Oriented Business
1 per every 500 square feet above the first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Social Club, Private
1 per every 500 square feet above the first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Storage Facility, Self-Service
N/A
1 per each exterior door
1 per each 5 interior doors
Tattoo/Body Piercing Establishment
1 per every 500 square feet above the first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Tavern/Bar
1 per every 500 square feet above the first 2,000 square feet
N/A
Terminal, Freight
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Terminal, Passenger
Parking Demand Analysis Required
0 - 9,999 s.f. = 1 berth
10,000 - 20,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 20,000 space = 1 additional berth
Theater
Parking Demand Analysis Required
N/A
Veterinary Office (No Boarding)
1 per employee and 2 per exam table for offices greater than 2,000 square feet
0 - 19,999 s.f. = 1 berth
20,000 - 50,000 s.f. = 2 berths
Each additional 50,000 space = 1 additional berth
Water Storage/Tower
1 per tower
N/A
Wholesale Business
Parking Demand Analysis Required
0 - 19,999 s.f. = 1 berth
20,000 - 39,999 s.f. = 2 berths
40,000 - 65,000 s.f. = 3 berths
Each additional 25,000 space = 1 additional berth
Wind Turbine, Commercial
1 per turbine
1
All Other Uses
Parking Demand Analysis Required
Analysis Required
C. 
Design of Non-Residential Parking Facilities.
(1) 
Minimum Dimensions.
(a) 
Driveway Width. Every parking facility shall be provided with one or more access driveways, the width of which shall be the following:
i. 
Private driveways not less than nine feet (2,743 mm).
ii. 
Non-Residential Driveways:
1. 
Twelve feet (3,658 mm) for one-way enter/exit.
2. 
Twenty-four feet (7,315 mm) for two-way enter/exit.
(b) 
Parking Space Dimensions. Each parking space in a parking lot shall be at least nine feet wide and 18 feet long. Each Compact Parking Space shall be at least eight feet wide and at least 18 feet long. Each handicapped parking space shall be 13 feet wide by 18 feet long. The dimensions of van accessible spaces shall be provided in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act or equivalent provisions.
i. 
The minimum dimension, including access lane, across a double loaded parking bay with parking spaces at right angles to the access lane shall be 62 feet and for a single loaded bay 44 feet. Where parking spaces form a 45° angle with the access lane, the dimension across a double loaded bay shall be at least 50 feet and across a single loaded bay 31 feet. Where parking spaces form a 60° angle with the access lane, the dimension across a double loaded bay shall be at least 56 feet and across a single loaded bay 36 feet.
ii. 
A parking bay, for purposes of this Ordinance, shall include the area within a parking lot containing an access lane and the parking spaces to which the lane provides access. A double loaded parking bay denotes parking spaces on both sides of an access lane.
(2) 
Driveway and Ramp Slopes. The maximum slope of any driveway or ramp shall not exceed 20%. Transition slopes in driveways and ramps shall be provided in accordance with the standards set by the Borough's code official and the Borough's engineer.
(3) 
Stall Access. Each required parking stall shall be individually and easily accessed. Automobiles shall not be required to back onto any public street or sidewalk to leave any parking stall where such stalls serve more than two dwelling units or other than residential uses. Portions of a public lot or garage shall be accessible to other portions thereof without requiring the use of any public street.
(4) 
Compact-To-Standard Stall Ratio. The maximum ratio of compact stalls to standard stalls in any parking area shall not exceed 1 to 2.
(5) 
Screening. Reference § 2000-415, Screening and Landscaping for Off-Street Parking and Service Structures.
(6) 
Striping. Parking stalls shall be striped.
Exception: A private garage or parking area for the exclusive use of a single-family dwelling.
(7) 
Lighting. Lights illuminating a parking area shall be designed and located so as to reflect away from any street and adjacent property.
(8) 
Material. All parking areas serving any commercial, industrial, public, or semi-public use or any residential development or where more than two dwelling units share the same parking area shall be hard-surfaced with a mud-free bituminous, brick, concrete, or stone paving block material. Environmentally friendly water-permeable surfaces that minimize run-off are encouraged. These surfaces and compacted gravel are allowed for individual single family or duplex units. Parking lot surfaces shall be constructed in accordance with applicable Borough construction, Subdivision/Land Development, storm-water management standards, and approved by the respective Applicable Borough Engineer.
D. 
Off-Street Loading.
(1) 
For retail and service commercial uses and apartment buildings that do not accommodate large trucks (registered maximum gross vehicle weight of 40,000 pounds or more) each loading space shall be at least 12 feet by 35 feet in dimension with a clear height of 14 feet six inches. For all industrial uses, large product commercial uses (car sales, major appliance and furniture, etc.) planned non-residential development, and office buildings that accommodate trucks with a registered maximum gross vehicle weight of 40,000 pounds or more, each loading space shall be at least 14 feet by 60 feet in dimension with a clear height of 15 feet. All other uses with loading should provide a ten-foot by twenty-five-foot loading space with a clear height of eight feet.
(2) 
Maneuvering space shall be provided adjacent to the loading area, if necessary, so that vehicles may change direction and leave as well as enter the loading area moving in a forward direction. Public roads adjacent to a loading area shall not be used for maneuvering. Areas established for off-street parking shall not be utilized for off-street loading or vehicle repair work.
(3) 
Where there are multiple uses within a development, shared loading areas shall be used among as many uses as practical. Loading areas shall be adjacent to the use or building served except that in a group of buildings in the same use on the same lot, one building may be designated to receive and dispatch goods, provided the total applicable floor area in all buildings on the lot is aggregated in determining the total required loading spaces.
(4) 
Whenever a use is enlarged or changed, the additional loading required to serve such enlargement or change shall be in accordance with the requirements of this Ordinance.
(5) 
Loading areas and adjacent maneuvering space shall be surfaced with a permanent all-weather material placed over at least six inches of well compacted base course, capable of bearing the weight of vehicles ordinarily traveling over or parking upon the surface, and shall be sloped to assure positive drainage to an approved stormwater management facility.
(6) 
Loading areas may be lighted but such lighting shall not create glare conditions on adjacent residential properties or streets.
(a) 
Access to the loading area on any lot shall be via a road or lane at least 12 feet in width for one-way traffic or 22 feet wide for two-way use, with a clearance of at least 14 feet six inches its entire length.
(b) 
When a loading area is to occur on a lot that abuts a residential Zoning District, the edges of such loading area between the residential zone and the loading area uninterrupted by buildings or screening topography shall be planted in accordance with the Buffer yards defined by this Ordinance. A solid fence or wall at least 6 1/2 feet in height may be constructed in lieu of hedging as required by the Buffer yard requirements provided such fence or wall is maintained in good condition.
(c) 
Nothing in this Section shall compel uses existing prior to passage of this Ordinance to comply with these loading requirements except that any additions or intensifications of use upon the same lot shall be provided with loading areas in accordance with these requirements.
E. 
Trucks Parked in Residential Areas. Parking facilities accessory to residential uses shall be used for the parking of passenger vehicles, recreational vehicles, or trucks which are owned by the occupants of the dwelling or their guests. One commercial vehicle may be stored on the premises whether privately owned or business provided, for the resident's use for commuting and/or work purposes. Such vehicle cannot exceed a one ton hauling capacity. This section shall not apply to commercial vehicles while in the performance of providing delivery or service on the premises. Dump trucks and vehicles designed to haul garbage, trash, refuse or waste of any type and for the towing and recovery of vehicles are strictly prohibited to be parked on residential properties.
F. 
Recreational Vehicles. It shall be unlawful for any person to park or store a recreational vehicle in a residential area for longer than three days, irrespective of whether consecutive or non-consecutive, in any thirty-day period, except on residential lots behind the front-yard setback line or in a covered garage. A maximum of three hours per day shall be allowed for loading/unloading without triggering a full-day event. On corner lots, parking of such vehicles shall be allowed behind a 95% opaque fence and not be visible over the top of the fence. It shall be unlawful to locate, park, or store any recreational vehicle in a right-of-way or sidewalk, or part thereof, whether paved or unpaved.
G. 
Off-Site Parking. Off-street parking and loading spaces shall be provided on the same lot or within the same development as the use to which said use is appurtenant, except as provided below.
(1) 
General. The Borough may authorize the utilization of off-site parking areas for uses within nonresidential zoning districts, and may authorize valet parking for nonresidential uses if the Borough determines that there are practical difficulties in satisfying the parking requirements on-site and/or that the public safety or convenience would be better served by an off-site location. If the Borough authorizes the use of off-site parking, the following conditions shall apply:
(a) 
The owner of a site utilizing an off-site parking area to satisfy on-site parking requirements shall deliver evidence satisfactory to the Borough of the owner's right to use the off-site parking area by an agreement, a memorandum of lease, or other acceptable instrument in order to be recordable with the Allegheny County Department of Real Estate which has a term equal to or exceeding the projected life of the facility to which the parking is appurtenant and available for use. Such evidence shall be recorded at the owner's expense in the land records of Allegheny County. In addition, the owners of the site and the off-site parking area shall be bound by recorded covenants requiring the owners and all subsequent owners, heirs, or assigns, to maintain the required number of off-street parking spaces during the existence of the use to which the parking is appurtenant. Where a parking right is created under this section, it shall not be subject to divestment except with the prior approval of the Borough.
(b) 
Pedestrian access shall be available within a walking distance of 500 feet for nonresidential uses and 300 feet for residential uses, measured from the nearest point of the building lot to an entrance to the parking area, except that where valet parking is authorized.
(c) 
Such separated parking areas shall be usable without causing unreasonable traffic congestion, detriment to any residential neighborhood, or hazard to pedestrians.
(2) 
Valet Parking. In addition to other conditions that apply to off-site parking, valet parking requires:
(a) 
That vehicles are parked by a person other than the owner or operator;
(b) 
That the vehicles so served are parked or stored in an off-street parking facility;
(c) 
Prior to cessation of valet parking, the operator must provide alternate parking in accordance with this Zoning Ordinance; and
(d) 
No valet parking operation which involves the pick-up, delivery, stacking, storing or parking of motor vehicles by a valet or parking attendant on, to or from any public right-of-way shall be permitted.
H. 
Pedestrian Access. The pedestrian access standards of this section pertain to a development's internal pedestrian circulation system. The section encourages a safe, attractive, and usable pedestrian circulation system internal to all developments. The purpose of the section is to ensure a direct pedestrian connection between the street and buildings on the site and between buildings and other activities within the site. In addition, it provides for connections between adjacent sites, where feasible.
(1) 
Connections to Street. The internal pedestrian circulation system must connect all adjacent streets and sidewalks to the main entrance. The internal pedestrian circulation system must connect all buildings on the site, and provide connections to other areas of the site, such as parking areas, bicycle parking, recreational areas, common open space areas, and all pedestrian amenities.
(2) 
Materials.
(a) 
The internal pedestrian circulation system must be hard-surfaced and shall have an unobstructed width of at least four feet wide.
(b) 
Where the system crosses driveways, parking areas, and loading areas, the system must be clearly identifiable through the use of elevation changes, a different paving material, texture change, or other similar method. Striping does not meet this requirement.
(c) 
Where the system is parallel and adjacent to a vehicle travel lane, the system must be a raised path or be separated from the vehicle travel lane by a raised curb, bollards, landscaping or other physical barrier. If a raised path is used, the ends of the raised portions must be equipped with curb ramps.
(3) 
Lighting. The on-site pedestrian circulation system must be lighted to a level where the system can be used at night by employees, residents and customers.