Caln Township City Zoning Code
ARTICLE IX
Off-Street Loading and Parking
§ 155-144 Statement of intent.
A.
The purpose and objective of the provisions established under Article IX of this chapter is to establish specific regulations pertaining to off-street loading, parking and access management.
B.
The provisions contained in Article IX of this chapter are intended to serve as minimum requirements to promote the public health, safety and the general welfare of the residents and property owners of Caln Township. The regulations shall supplement and not replace the land use provisions established within this chapter of the Code. Where these regulations impose greater restrictions than those of any other statute, ordinance or regulation, the provisions established under this article shall be upheld.
§ 155-145 General provisions for off-street loading and off-street parking.
A.
Off-street loading and parking spaces shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this Code, whereas, the number, type, size, orientation and location of the off-street loading and parking spaces shall be satisfactorily designed to accommodate the use.
B.
The provisions for off-street loading shall apply to nonresidential uses when a new nonresidential use is established, changed or modified and/or when a building is constructed, enlarged or altered to accommodate the nonresidential use. Unless otherwise specified by this Code, the off-street loading spaces shall comply with the design standards specified under § 155-146 of this chapter.
C.
The provisions for off-street parking shall apply to residential and nonresidential uses when a new use is established, changed or modified and/or when a building is constructed, enlarged or altered to accommodate the use. Unless otherwise specified by this Code, the off-street parking spaces shall comply with the design standards specified under § 155-147 of this chapter.
D.
Where the lot area cannot accommodate the required number of off-street loading spaces or off-street parking spaces for the intended use, either the minimum lot area shall be enlarged or the intensity of the use shall be reduced.
E.
Where an existing building or use preexists the effective date of this chapter, the provisions for off-street loading and off-street parking, as specified within this article, shall not specifically apply unless the building or use is enlarged or altered in a manner that increases the demand for off-street loading or off-street parking.
F.
Where an existing building or use is enlarged by floor area, number of employees, number of residential units, seating capacity, bed spaces, service bays or other provisions specified by this Code, the required number of off-street loading spaces and/or off-street parking spaces shall be proportionately or incrementally increased based upon the enlargement of the building or use.
G.
Where the computations for off-street loading spaces or off-street parking spaces results in a fractional number greater than 1/4 or 0.25, the fractional number shall be rounded up to the next whole number. The Caln Township Zoning Officer shall determine or verify the number of off-street loading and parking spaces that are required for a specific use.
H.
No off-street loading space or off-street parking space shall be utilized for any other use that interferes with its purpose, availability or function.
I.
All designated off-street loading spaces or off-street parking spaces shall be continued and maintained so long as the use in which the spaces were originally designed for are still in operation or existence. Unless otherwise approved by Caln Township, the designated off-street loading spaces or off-street parking spaces shall not be reduced in size or modified in any manner.
J.
Shared parking may be permitted for residential or nonresidential uses in accordance with § 155-147E.
K.
Shared loading spaces shall not be permitted. Each use requiring an off-street loading space shall designate an area meeting the requirements for off-street loading, as specified under § 155-146 of this chapter.
L.
No tractor-trailer truck or trailer from a tractor-trailer truck shall be stored or parked for more than 48 hours within the R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, R-5, TVC, and VG Zoning Districts unless it is stored within a completely enclosed building or is located at least 100 feet from the property line.
M.
No commercial vehicle or part thereof having a gross weight of more than 20,000 pounds or in excess of 18 feet in length shall be stored or parked on a parcel of land within the R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4 and R-5 Zoning Districts for more than 48 hours within any seven-consecutive-day period unless it is stored within a completely enclosed building or is located at least 100 feet from the property line.
N.
Major recreational equipment, including but not limited to boats and boat trailers, travel trailers, pickup campers or coaches, motorized dwellings, tent trailers or similar equipment, shall not be parked or stored on any public street within Caln Township. All such major recreation equipment may be parked or stored on an approved lot, provided it is located as follows: within a carport; within a completely enclosed building; within the side or rear of a lot, but no closer than 20 feet to a property line; or on an nonresidential lot which has been previously approved for storing major recreational equipment.
O.
Unless otherwise permitted as part of the normal functions of a commercial campground or similar use, no major recreational equipment shall be utilized for living, sleeping, housekeeping or similar activities when parked or stored on any lot within Caln Township.
§ 155-146 Off-street loading areas.
A.
Where required to accommodate a residential or nonresidential use, paved off-street loading and unloading space(s) shall be provided with proper access from a public street, common driveway or alley. All such areas for the loading and unloading of vehicles and for the servicing of establishments or shops by refuse collection, fuel and other service vehicles shall be of such size, design and arrangement that they may be used without blocking or otherwise interfering with the use of automobile accessways, parking facilities or pedestrianways.
B.
For any residential subdivision with five or more homes, the applicant shall demonstrate that there is sufficient area on the internal streets or in separate loading areas to accommodate parking of delivery trucks such as Amazon, UPS, or FedEx.
C.
All loading areas and access drives shall be paved to accommodate the type of vehicles entering and exiting the site. The paving composition shall comply with the Caln Township Code.
D.
The loading areas shall not be located within required front yards and shall not be located within 10 feet of any side or rear lot line. All such spaces shall have dimensions not less than 12 feet by 45 feet with a clearance of not less than 14 feet in height.
E.
The required off-street loading spaces shall be located exclusive of any public right-of-way or required parking area. The total number of required off-street loading spaces shall be determined by the following requirements:
Off-Street Loading Space Requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
Land Use Category | Gross Floor Area or Units | Required Spaces |
Office buildings, banks and financial institutions | Less than 10,000 square feet(1) | 1 |
10,000 to 20,000 square feet(2) | 2 | |
Over 20,000 square feet(2) | 3 | |
Retail sales, professional service establishments, restaurants, shopping centers, mini malls and other commercial uses | Less than 5,000 square feet(1) | 1 |
5,000 to 25,000 square feet(2) | 2 | |
25,000 to 50,000 square feet(2) | 3 | |
Over 50,000 square feet(2) | 4 | |
Institutional and recreational uses | Less than 20,000 square feet(1) | 1 |
20,000 to 50,000 square feet(2) | 2 | |
Over 50,000 square feet(2) | 3 | |
Manufacturing, mini-warehousing, self-storage units, warehousing, wholesaling establishments and other industrial uses | Less than 10,000 square feet(1) | 1 |
10,000 to 50,000 square feet(2) | 2 | |
50,000 to 100,000 square feet(2) | 3 | |
Over 100,000 square feet(2) | 4 | |
(1) | Denotes that the off-street loading requirement may be reduced or eliminated if the applicant or developer provides documentation to the Board of Commissioners that the use will not need or utilize the off-street loading space. |
(2) | Denotes that the off-street loading requirement may be reduced or increased by the Board of Commissioners depending upon the needs and intensity of the use. |
F.
Where § 155-146E of this chapter does not specify a requirement for the land use activity, or the site conditions do not warrant the specified requirement listed within § 155-146E, the Caln Township Board of Commissioners may consider and require an alternative provision.
§ 155-147 Off-street parking areas.
A.
Off-street parking facilities shall be provided whenever: a building is constructed or new use established; the use of an existing building is changed to a use requiring more parking facilities; an existing building is altered so as to increase the amount of parking spaces required; and/or a residential or nonresidential use requires off-street parking as specified by the provisions of this Code.
B.
Each parking space shall have a minimum area of 200 square feet with the minimum dimensions of 10 feet by 20 feet. In addition, appropriate driveways, aisles and maneuvering space shall be provided to permit safe and convenient access to and use of the area provided for parking purposes. Proper access from a street, alley or driveway shall be provided.
C.
Off-street parking spaces for residential uses shall be located on the same lot as the use served. Off-street parking spaces for other uses shall be provided for on the same lot as the use being served, or in parking facilities within 400 feet of the principal uses, except in the case of a shopping center or similar grouping of buildings on a lot, in which case all parking areas shall be provided entirely within the lot lines of the property.
D.
All parking spaces designated for single-family residential units shall be located behind the street right-of-way line.
E.
Shared parking. Shared parking for two or more uses may be permitted, in which case the total combined parking space requirements may be reduced by up to 20%, or more if provided parking is proven to be sufficient by the applicant, subject to approval by the Board of Commissioners and the following provisions:
(1)
The total number of off-street parking spaces required for each permitted use shall be accounted for in the cumulative total for the shared parking area, with a reserve area set aside for the portion of the required parking area deemed unnecessary. Such reserve area shall comply with § 155-147F.
(2)
Peak parking demands for the uses shall occur at different times of the day and night and shall not have any adverse conflicts.
(3)
The shared parking spaces shall be located within 400 feet of the principal use(s).
(4)
The individual property owners and/or tenants for each use shall secure a written agreement with the owner(s) of the property in which the shared parking facilities are located. The agreement shall clearly define the specific areas, conditions for use, maintenance, fees and other terms that may be required by the Caln Township Solicitor.
F.
Reduced parking and reserve parking area. To reduce unnecessary impervious surface coverage and excess stormwater runoff, the number of required parking spaces may be reduced by up to 20%, or more if provided parking is proven to be sufficient by the applicant, subject to approval by the Board of Commissioners and when the following are met:
(1)
Documented evidence is submitted demonstrating that the use requires less parking than required by this article. Such evidence shall be based on actual documented rates for the use proposed.
(2)
The site plan indicates that the location and layout of that portion of the required parking area deemed unnecessary at the time of application can and will be constructed on the surface of the site, according to the requirements of this article, in the event that the Township determines, at any time, that all or any additional portion of this parking area is necessary and in the interest of the public health, safety and welfare. The site plan shall include in the design those parking spaces deemed unnecessary, which shall be designated as "(Reserved)".
(3)
In no case shall the authorized area for reserve parking be counted toward open space requirements or other pervious surface requirements of this chapter.
(4)
The parking reserve area shall be designed so that any required landscaped area would be maintained in the event that the parking reserve area is subsequently developed.
(5)
Stormwater management plans shall be prepared on the assumption that the reserve area will be part of the impervious coverage.
(6)
The parking reserve area shall be landscaped according to an approved plan, in accordance with § 155-125.
(7)
The parking reserve area shall have no building erected on it at any time.
G.
All parking spaces and means of access, other than those relating to a dwelling, shall be adequately illuminated during night hours of use. The illumination must be designed and located so that the light sources are shielded from adjoining residences and public and private streets. The illumination shall not be of excessive brightness and shall not produce a glare noxious at or beyond the boundaries of the parking area.
H.
All off-street parking areas and access drives shall be paved and contain marked parking spaces. The off-street parking areas shall be properly graded to provide convenient vehicular access and proper drainage and shall be maintained in usable condition. The minimum grade of areas used for parking shall be at least 1% and the maximum grade shall not exceed 5%. The maximum grade of access drives shall not exceed 10%. Surface water shall not be concentrated onto public sidewalks and other premises.
I.
The areas designated to comply with the provisions for off-street parking shall not be used for the sale, dead-storage, repair, dismantling or servicing of vehicles.
J.
Off-street parking facilities existing at the effective date of this Zoning Chapter shall not be subsequently reduced to an amount less than that required under this chapter for a similar new building or use.
K.
The width of aisles within the off-street parking areas shall comply with the following minimum design requirements:
(1)
Where the angle of the parking spaces are at 90° angles, the width of the aisle shall be 24 feet in width and may accommodate two-way travel.
(2)
Where the angle of the parking spaces are at 60° angles, the width of the aisle shall be 18 feet in width and shall be restricted to one-way travel.
(3)
Where the angle of the parking spaces are at 45° angles, the width of the aisle shall be 16 feet in width and shall be restricted to one-way travel.
(4)
Where the angle of the parking spaces are at 30° angles, the width of the aisle shall be 14 feet in width and shall be restricted to one-way travel.
(5)
Unless otherwise permitted by the Planning Commission, the parking spaces shall not be designed with angles of less than 30°.
L.
The parking areas shall be arranged and marked to provide safe and orderly movement without disrupting traffic or moving other vehicles. The design of off-street parking areas for all uses shall be such to prevent the backup of vehicles on a public street.
M.
Where parking requirements are determined by the number of seats and no permanent seats are provided, the number of parking spaces to be provided shall be based upon the capacity for temporary seats in normal usage.
N.
Parking areas shall be arranged so that no portion of any vehicle parked within a designated parking space can extend over any property line of the lot on which it is parked.
O.
Parking areas for nonresidential uses which are designed to contain more than five vehicles shall be screened from the view of persons on any land areas zoned as R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4 and R-5 which are adjacent to the land on which the nonresidential parking area is located. The screening shall be comprised of a fence, wall and/or landscaping materials of at least four feet in height which shall be designed to obstruct headlight glare of the parked cars.
P.
Parking areas and access drives for nonresidential uses shall be located a minimum of 15 feet from a lot line and street right-of-way line. In the TVC and VG districts, parking areas and access drives for nonresidential uses shall be located a minimum of five feet from a lot line and street right-of-way line. The area between the parking area and the lot line or street right-of-way line shall be landscaped in accordance with the standards specified under § 155-125 or § 155-135 of this chapter, as applicable.
Q.
Parking areas and access drives for multifamily residential development shall be located a minimum of 20 feet from an exterior property line and street right-of-way line. The area between the parking area and the lot line or street right-of-way line shall be landscaped in accordance with the standards specified under § 155-125 of this chapter.
R.
Unless otherwise specified by this Code, the parking areas and access drives for all other residential uses shall be located to comply with the following minimum setback requirements from any property line: five feet for single-family detached units; zero feet for the common property line of single-family semidetached units and five feet for all other property lines; zero feet for the internal common off-street parking area of multifamily units within the development and 20 feet from all exterior property lines and existing street right-of-way lines.
S.
The number of off-street parking spaces to be provided for each use shall be sufficient to accommodate all occupants, employees, visitors and customer parking. The off-street parking spaces required shall be provided as follows and shall be located exclusive of any public right-of-way or other specified use:
Categorical Off-Street Parking Requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
Use | Land Use Category | Off-Street Parking Requirement |
Residential | Single-family detached units | 2 parking spaces per unit |
Single-family semidetached units | 2 parking spaces per unit | |
Two-family detached unit | 2 parking spaces per unit | |
Townhouse | 2 parking spaces per unit, plus 0.5 spaces per unit for overflow parking within the development | |
Multifamily | 2 parking spaces per unit, plus 0.5 spaces per unit for overflow parking within the development | |
Group homes | 1 parking space for each employee, plus 1 space for each 2 beds | |
Convalescent and nursing homes | 1 parking space for each employee, plus 1 space for each 3 beds | |
Senior independent living facility | 1.1 parking spaces per unit | |
Mobile home parks | 2 parking spaces per unit, plus 0.5 spaces per unit for overflow parking within the development | |
Other residential uses | As determined appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
Commercial | Retail business establishment | 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area |
Business and professional office | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | |
Personal care or service establishment | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | |
Medical, dental and paramedical office | 1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area | |
Banks and financial institutions | 1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area | |
Funeral homes | 1 parking space per 50 square feet of gross floor area | |
Convenience store or mini market | 1 parking space per 150 square feet of gross floor area | |
Family day-care home | 2 parking spaces for the residential use, plus 2 stacking spaces for loading/unloading | |
Child day-care center | 1 parking space per 6 students, plus 4 stacking spaces for loading/unloading | |
Adult day-care facility | 1 parking space per 6 students, plus 3 stacking spaces for loading/unloading | |
Restaurants | 1 parking space per 3 seats, plus tavern or taproom requirements | |
Club, lodge, taverns, taprooms and nightclubs | 1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor area | |
Hotel or motels | 1 parking space per room, plus accessory uses | |
Shopping centers | 1 parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area | |
Veterinary hospital or animal clinic | 4 parking spaces per practitioner engaged with the principal services | |
Theater | 1 parking space per 3 seats, plus 1 space per 200 gross square feet of accessory or subordinate retail space | |
Equipment rental business | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | |
Automobile service stations | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of office/retail space, plus 2 spaces per service bay | |
Automobile sales | 1 parking space per 500 square feet of office/retail space, plus 1 space per vehicle | |
Adult business and entertainment use | 1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor area | |
Commercial campground | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of office/retail space, plus 1 space per campsite | |
Wagering or gambling establishment | 1 parking space per 100 square feet of gross floor | |
Kennels | 1 parking space per 10 animals kept or housed | |
Other commercial uses | As determined appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
Industrial | Manufacturing | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site |
Wholesaling and warehousing | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Fabrication and finishing | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Quarrying and mining | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on-site | |
Solid waste disposal and reduction | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Junkyards and salvage yards | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Trucking or motor freight terminals | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on-site | |
Contractor's establishment | 1 parking space per employee on the largest shift plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Mini warehouse or self-storage facilities | 1 parking space per 10,000 square feet of cumulative building space within the facility | |
Data centers | 1.5 parking spaces per employee on the largest shift | |
Other industrial uses | As determine appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
Agricultural | General agricultural uses | As determine appropriate by the Zoning Officer |
Intensive agricultural uses | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Commercial composting | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Special agricultural uses | 1 parking space per 2 employees on the 2 largest shifts combined, plus 1 space for each vehicle stored on site | |
Recreational | Bowling alleys | 4 parking spaces per bowling alley, plus accessory uses |
Golf courses, driving ranges and miniature golf courses | 4 parking spaces per tee, plus accessory uses | |
Public or commercial swimming pools | 1 parking space per 4 persons of total membership capacity | |
Community recreation center | 1 parking space per 3 seats (auditorium), plus 1 space per 500 square feet (non-auditorium) plus accessory uses | |
Health and fitness club | 1 parking space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | |
Other recreational use | As determined appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
Institutional | Auditorium, conference center, and public meeting/assemblage facilities | 1 parking space per 3 seats, which may be available on chairs, seats, pews, benches or bleachers |
Education use: nursery school through the 9th grade | 1 parking space per 10 students, plus auditorium requirements | |
Education use: 10th through 12th grade; vocational; trade school; automotive trade school or higher learning institution | 1 parking space per 4 students, plus auditorium requirements | |
Hospitals and medical centers | 1 parking space per 3 beds, plus 1 space per visiting medical staff on the maximum shift | |
Micro-hospitals | 1 parking space per bed, plus 5 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of gross floor area dedicated to professional office space | |
Assisted living care facilities, nursing homes and convalescent homes | 1 parking space per 4 beds, plus 1 space per visiting medical staff | |
Churches and religious facilities | 1 parking space per 3 seats, which may be available on chairs, seats, pews, benches or bleachers | |
Utility, governmental or municipal uses | As determined appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
Other institutional uses | As determined appropriate by the Zoning Officer | |
T.
Where § 155-147S of this chapter, does not specify a requirement for the land use activity, or the site conditions do not warrant the specified requirement list within the table, the Board of Commissioners may consider and require an alternative requirement. Where a reduction in the number of off-street parking spaces is considered, the applicant shall provide documentation to support that the use does not warrant the spaces required by the Code and the Board of Commissioners may recommend a reduction, which shall not exceed 10% of the required total.
U.
In addition the required off-street parking spaces specified under § 155-147S, handicapped parking spaces shall be located, designed and constructed in accordance with the standards and provisions of all local, state and federal laws. Unless otherwise permitted by Caln Township, the total number of handicapped parking spaces shall be determined as follows and shall be located exclusive of any public right-of-way or other specified use:
Handicapped Parking Space Requirements | |
|---|---|
Off-Street Parking Spaces Required | Total Number of Handicapped Spaces Required |
Less than 5 | As required by local, state or federal laws |
5 to 25 | 1 additional |
26 to 50 | 2 additional |
51 to 75 | 3 additional |
76 to 100 | 4 additional |
101 to 125 | 5 additional |
126 to 150 | 6 additional |
151 to 200 | 7 additional |
201 to 300 | 8 additional |
301 to 400 | 9 additional |
401 to 500 | 10 additional |
501 to 1,000 | 2% of the total number of off-street parking spaces |
1,000 or more | 20, plus 1% of the total number of off-street parking spaces |
V.
In addition to the requirements of § 155-147U, the required handicapped spaces shall be designed in accordance with the following specifications:
(1)
Handicapped parking spaces shall be located within a safe and convenient area which would result in the shortest reasonable distance from the handicapped parking space to the building or intended use as well as other provisions, such as, elevators, ramps, walkways and entrances.
(2)
Above-grade signs and suitable pavement markings shall be provided at each required handicapped parking space. The sign and pavement markings shall be subject to the approval of the Zoning Officer.
(3)
Where a curb exists between a parking lot surface and a sidewalk surface, an inclined curb approach or a curb cut shall be provided to accommodate handicapped individuals, as specified by all locals, state and federal laws. If a curb ramp is located where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, then the ramp shall be designed with flared sides, as specified by the Caln Township Engineer or Zoning Officer.
(4)
All handicap parking shall comply with the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. When there is a conflict between the parking requirements listed under this section of the Code and those of the Americans with Disabilities Act, then the most stringent requirement shall govern.
W.
Off street parking areas shall be suitably designed to control stormwater and minimize erosion. The minimum grade of areas used for parking shall be at least 1% and the maximum grade shall not exceed 5%. The maximum grade of access drives shall not exceed 10%. The surface water shall be directed to stormwater management facilities which are designed in accordance with the Caln Township Code.
X.
Off-street parking areas shall be suitably landscaped in order to enhance or buffer the surrounding area. The following landscaping requirements shall be provided for all off-street parking areas containing more than 10 off-street parking spaces:
(1)
A landscaping plan shall be prepared and submitted with the subdivision plan or land development plan. The landscaping plan shall meet the criteria specified under § 155-125 of this chapter.
(2)
Raised planter islands shall be placed at each end of a row of parking spaces which begins or terminates at an internal circulation drive and within each row of parking spaces. The raised planter islands shall be placed so that there are not more than 15 off-street parking spaces in a continuous row without an intervening landscaped planter island. Raised continuous concrete curbing shall be required around each planting island. Each such island shall be at least 180 square feet in size and planted with suitable landscaping materials.
(3)
The perimeter of the off-street parking area shall be suitably landscaped to provide a visual buffer or to enhance the aesthetics of the area adjacent to the off-street parking area. The landscaping materials shall be selected from the list contained within § 155-125 of this chapter.
(4)
Parking areas required to accommodate nonresidential uses shall be screened from the view of residential uses located with the R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4 and R-5 Districts. The screening shall be comprised of a fence, wall and/or landscaping materials of at least four feet in height which shall be designed to obstruct headlight glare and screen the view of the parked cars.
(5)
Where possible, the use of existing trees shall be incorporated into the design of the off-street parking area or to establish a buffer yard.
§ 155-148 Driveways, access lanes and fire apparatus access roads.
A.
Driveways or access lanes shall be required to permit accessibility between a public or private street and the existing or proposed use on the lot to which it provides service. Unless otherwise specified by this Code, the driveway or access lane shall be designed in accordance with the following provisions:
(1)
No driveways or access lanes shall be located, designed and constructed so as to create a drainage or sedimentation problem on an adjacent property or street.
(2)
All driveways or access lanes shall be so constructed and maintained with materials which will not wash nor be deposited upon public roads.
(3)
Unless otherwise specifically referenced by this chapter of the Code, all driveways serving residential or nonresidential uses shall be located, designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions specified under the Caln Township Code.
(4)
All driveways and access lanes shall be located, designed and constructed as to provide optimum sight distance and visibility at the intersection with the existing or proposed street.
(5)
Unless otherwise specified by Chapter 74 of the Code, where a lot within an approved subdivision or land development plan fronts on either the arc of the curve of a public road or on a cul-de-sac bulb, the required driveway or part thereof, including any turnaround area, shall be located not less than three feet from a property boundary line.
(6)
A permit issued by Caln Township shall be required for all proposed driveways entering onto a road which is currently owned by Caln Township or proposed to be owned by Caln Township.
(7)
A permit issued by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation shall be required for all proposed driveways entering onto a road which is currently owned by the state or proposed to be owned by the state.
B.
Where required by the Caln Township Fire Chief, Police Chief, Emergency Management Coordinator or Zoning Officer, a fire apparatus access road shall be located, designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of Chapters 82 and 137 of the Caln Township Code.
§ 155-149 Highway frontage development and access management requirements.
A.
Subdivision and land development activity along the frontage of collector streets and arterial streets shall comply with the following provisions:
(1)
All areas for off-street parking, off-street loading and unloading and the storage or movement of motor vehicles shall be physically separated from the public street or highway by a raised curb, planting strip or other suitable barrier against unchanneled motor vehicle entrance or exit except for the necessary accessways or access roads which supply ingress and egress from such parking, loading or storage area.
(2)
Each use with less than 125 feet of frontage along a public street shall have not more than one point of ingress and egress to each such street. No use with 125 feet or more frontage along a public street shall have more than two points of ingress and egress to any one street for each 300 feet of frontage. Where feasible, movement into and out of parking areas shall avoid direct access to or from an arterial street or major collector.
(3)
Unless otherwise permitted by Caln Township or the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, where there is more than one driveway to an off-street parking facility, consideration should be given to limit the driveways to one-way travel either as a point of ingress or a point of egress to the off-street parking facility. The width of such entrances and exits, as measured at the right-of-way line, shall conform to the following schedule:
(a)
For one-way travel providing a point of ingress or egress, the minimum width shall be 12 feet and the maximum width shall be 24 feet.
(b)
For two-way travel providing a point of ingress an egress, the minimum width shall be 24 feet and the maximum width shall be 36 feet.
(4)
Unless otherwise required by the Caln Township Code or the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the radius of the edge or the driveway apron shall be designed at a minimum radius of 10 feet and a maximum radius of 30 feet.
(5)
The location and width of the point of ingress and/or egress for all driveways and access lanes shall be planned so as not to interfere with the use of adjacent property and with pedestrian and vehicular traffic on the collector or arterial street.
B.
In order to enhance mobility and limit accessibility along collector and arterial streets, the following access management strategies shall be considered as part of the subdivision and land development process:
(1)
Driveway cuts along collector and arterial routes shall be minimized or consolidated. Where appropriate, common driveways for certain land uses or developments may be considered.
(2)
The lot width, type of land use and the anticipated traffic volumes should determine how many driveway cuts should be permitted along a collector or arterial road. Where required, the traffic impact study shall consider the impacts that could adversely reduce mobility along the collector or arterial route.
(3)
Where appropriate to enhance safety conditions, traffic improvements shall be considered as part of the subdivision and land development plan application, which may include the installation of traffic signals; the construction of separate right turn lanes and/or left turn lanes; the installation of median barriers to efficiently separate and direct vehicular traffic to its intended destination; and to require the installation of sidewalks, handicapped ramps and crosswalks.
(4)
Prohibit inappropriate turning movements along collector or arterial streets.
(5)
Maintaining lines of sight and enhancing visibility at all driveways and access lanes by establishing effective setback requirements, limiting the size of signs, minimizing distractions and establishing a horizontal profile that will provide sufficient right-of-way to accommodate future transportation improvements.
C.
Where in the best interest of the community, the Board of Commissioners may consider alternative methods of highway frontage development and/or access management strategies, provided that the alternative provides consideration for public safety, enhancing mobility and limiting accessibility along collector and arterial streets.
