In the construction of this ordinance, the rules and definitions contained in this section shall be observed and applies, except when the context herein clearly indicated otherwise.

3.1 Rules.

The present tense includes the future the present.

The singular number includes the plural and the plural the singular.

The word building includes the word structure.

The word shall is mandatory, and the word may is permissive.

3.2 Definitions.

Abutting: To have a common property line or district line.

Accessory: A use, building, structure, or part of a building or structure which:

(1)

Is subordinate to and serves the principal building or structure or principal use;

(2)

Is subordinate in area, extent, or purpose to the principal building or structure or principal use served;

(3)

Contributes to the comfort, convenience, or necessity of occupants of the principal building or principal use; and

(4)

Is located on the same lot as the principal building or structure or principal use served, with the exception of such accessory off-street parking facilities as are permitted to locate elsewhere than on the same lot as the building or use served.

Adjacent: To lie near or close to; in the neighborhood or vicinity of.

Adjoining: Touching or contiguous, as distinguished from lying near or adjacent.

Agriculture: The use for the pursuit of agriculture of a parcel of land twenty (20) acres or more in area under unified ownership or control and when within the perimeter of such a parcel there is no intervening street or land in other ownership or control. The pursuit of agriculture includes farming, dairying, pasturage, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, and animal and poultry husbandry and accessory uses customarily incidental to normal agricultural activities, but not including the commercial specialization of any of the above uses.

Airport: Any area of land which is used, or intended, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and any appurtenant areas which are used or intended for use as airport buildings or other airport structures or rights-of-way, together with all airport buildings and structures located thereon.

Alley: Any right-of-way, with a width of not less than twelve (12) feet or more than twenty-four (24) feet, which affords secondary means of vehicular access to abutting properties. A street shall not be considered an alley.

Alteration: Any change in size, shape, occupancy, or use of a building or structure.

Animal hospital: A building or portion thereof designed or used for the care, observation, or treatment of domestic animals.

Automobile laundry: A building or portion thereof containing facilities for washing more than two (2) motor vehicles, using production-line methods.

Automobile service station: A place where gasoline, stored only in underground tanks, kerosene, lubricating oil or grease, for operation of automobiles, are offered for sale directly to the public, on the premises, and including minor accessories and the servicing of automobiles; but not including major automobile repairs; and including washing of automobiles where no chain conveyor, blower or steam cleaning device is employed. When the dispensing, sale or offering for sale of motor fuels or oil is incidental to the conduct of a public garage, the premises shall be classified as a public garage. Automobile service stations shall not include sale or storage of automobiles or trailers (new or used).

Automobile wrecking yard: See "junk yard."

Awning: A roof-like mechanism, retractable in operation, which project from the wall of a building.

Basement: A story having part, but not more than one-half (½) of its floor to clear ceiling height below grade. When a basement is used for storage, or garages for use of occupants of the building, or other facilities common for the operation and maintenance of the entire building, it shall not be counted as a story.

Block: A tract of land bounded by streets, or by a combination of streets and public parks, other permanent open areas, or other lines of demarcation. A block may be located in part beyond the boundary lines of the corporate limits of the City of Calumet City.

Building: Any structure designed or built for the support, enclosure, shelter, or protection of persons, animals, chattels, or property of any kind, and which is permanently affixed to the land. When any portion thereof is completely separated from every other portion by a party wall, then such portion shall be deemed to be a separate building.

Building commissioner: The zoning administrator.

Building, completely enclosed: A building separated on all sides from the adjoining open spaces by a permanent roof and by exterior walls, pierced only by windows and normal entrance and exit doors, or when adjoining another building or buildings on one (1) or two (2) sides, a roof and such exterior wall adjoining open space and party wall adjoining the other building.

Building, detached: A building surrounded by open space.

Building, height of: The vertical distance from curb level to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard roof, or the mean height level between eaves and ridge for gable, hip or gambrel roofs. Chimneys, towers, spires, elevator penthouses, cooling towers, and similar customary accessory structures and equipment, other than signs, shall not be included in calculating building height.

Building, principal: A nonaccessory building in which is conducted the principal use of the lot.

Building, temporary: Any building not designed to be permanently located at the place where it is or where it is intended to be, temporarily placed or affixed.

Bulk: The term used to indicate the size and setback of buildings or structures, and the location of same with respect to one another, and includes the following: (a) size and height of buildings; (b) location of exterior walls at all levels in relation to lot lines, streets, or to other buildings; (c) floor area ratio; (d) all open space allocated to buildings; and (e) amount of lot area and lot width provided per dwelling unit.

Business: An occupation, employment, or enterprise, which occupies time, attention, labor, and materials, or wherein merchandise is exhibited or sold, or where services are offered.

Cannabis business establishment. An adult-use or medical cannabis cultivation center, craft grower, processing organization, infuser organization, dispensing organization, or transporting organization.

Cannabis craft grower: A facility operated by an organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture to cultivate, dry, cure and package cannabis and perform other necessary activities to make cannabis available for sale at a dispensing organization or use at a processing organization, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, 410 ILCS 705, et seq., as it may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cannabis cultivation center: A facility operated by an organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture to cultivate, process, transport and perform necessary activities to provide cannabis and cannabis-infused products to licensed cannabis business establishments, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, 410 ILCS 705, et seq. and the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Program Act, 410 ILCS 130/1 et seq. as they may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cannabis dispensing organization or dispensary: A facility operated by an organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation to acquire cannabis from licensed cannabis business establishments for the purpose of selling or dispensing cannabis, cannabis-infused products, cannabis seeds, paraphernalia or related supplies to purchasers or to qualified registered medical cannabis patients and caregivers, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, 410 ILCS 705, et seq., and the Compassionate Use of Medical Cannabis Program Act, 410 ILCS 130/1 et seq. as they may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cannabis infuser organization or infuser: A facility operated by an organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture to directly incorporate cannabis or cannabis concentrate into a product formulation to produce a cannabis-infused product, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, 410 ILCS 705, et seq., as it may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cannabis processing organization or processor: A facility operated by an organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture to either extract constituent chemicals or compounds to produce cannabis concentrate or incorporate cannabis or cannabis concentrate into a product formulation to produce a cannabis product, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act, 410 ILCS 705, et seq., as it may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cannabis transporting organization or transporter: An organization or business that is licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture to transport cannabis on behalf of a cannabis business establishment or a community college licensed under the Community College Cannabis Vocational Training Pilot Program, per the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act 410 ILCS 705, et seq., as it may be amended from time-to-time, and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Capacity in persons: The maximum number of persons that can avail themselves of the services or goods of an establishment or use at any one (1) time, with reasonable comfort and safety.

Carport: A roofed automobile shelter, with one (1) or more open sides.

Cellar: A story having more than one-half (½) of its floor to clear ceiling height below grade. A cellar is not included in computing the number of stories for the purpose of height measurement.

Clinic, medical or dental: A medical center or medical clinic is an establishment where three or more licensed physicians, surgeons or dentists engage in the practice of medicine or dentistry, operating on a group or individual basis with pooled facilities, such as coordinated laboratory, X-ray and allied departments, and the diagnosis and treatment of humans, which need not, but may include a drug prescription counter (not a drug store) for the dispensing of drugs and pharmaceutical products to the patients of said physicians, surgeons and dentists.

Closed cup flash point: The lowest temperature at which a combustible liquid under the most favorable condition will give off a flammable vapor which will burn momentarily.

Club or lodge, private: A nonprofit association of persons who are bona fide members and where facilities are restricted to members and their guests. Food and alcoholic beverages may be served on its premises provided they are secondary and incidental to the principal use.

Community residence: A single dwelling unit occupied on a relatively permanent basis in a family-life environment by a group of unrelated persons with disabilities, plus paid professional support staff provided by a sponsoring agency, either living with the residents on a twenty-four (24) hour basis, or present whenever residents with disabilities are present at the dwelling, and [which] complies with the zoning regulations for the district in which the site is located.

Conforming building or structure: Any building or structure which: (a) complies with all the regulations of this ordinance or of any amendment thereto governing bulk of the district in which said building or structure is located; or (b) is designed or intended for a permitted use or conditional permitted use, as herein allowed in the district in which it is located.

Contiguous: In actual contact.

Court: An open unoccupied space other than a yard on the same lot with a building or group of buildings and which is bounded on two (2) or more sides by such building or buildings.

Curb level: The established level of the curb pavement edging, along the front lot line, at a point directly in front of the center line of the building wall facing the front lot line, or if a curb pavement edging does not exist, the established level, at such point, along the center line of the roadway pavement, except in cases of exceptional differences in grade elevations between lot corners or within the area of a lot, as determined by the zoning administrator, the established curb level may be the average elevation of the finished ground grades at the building foundation walls even though such average elevation is higher than such established level of the curb pavement edging, or center line or roadway pavement.

Disability: A physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one (1) or more of the person's major life activities, impairs his ability to live independently, or a record of having such an impairment or being regarded as having such an impairment, but such term does not include current use of, nor addiction to, a controlled substance.

Drive-in establishment: An establishment or part thereof in which are provided facilities where serving or consuming commodities or both are intended to occur in patron's automobiles parked on the premises, or where commodities are purchased by customers waiting in automobiles for consumption off the premises.

Dwellings: A building or portion thereof designed or used exclusively for residential purposes, including single-family, two-family and multiple-family dwellings, but not including mobile homes or other trailers and lodging rooms in hotels, motels or lodging houses.

Dwelling, attached: A dwelling joined to two (2) other dwellings by party walls, or vertical cavity walls, and above ground physically unifying horizontal structural elements.

Dwelling, detached: A dwelling which is surrounded on all sides by open space on the same lot.

Dwellings, multiple-family: A dwelling containing four (4) or more dwelling units.

Dwellings, single-family: A dwelling containing one (1) dwelling unit only.

Dwelling, semidetached: A dwelling joined to one (1) other dwelling by a party wall, or vertical cavity wall, and above ground physically unifying horizontal structural elements.

Dwelling, two-family: A dwelling containing two (2) dwelling units only.

Dwelling, three-family: A dwelling containing three (3) dwelling units only, one (1) above the other.

Dwelling unit: One (1) or more rooms which are arranged, designed, or used as living quarters for a family, or for a community residence as a single house-keeping unit. A dwelling unit includes bathroom and kitchen facilities in addition to sleeping and living areas.

Efficiency unit: A dwelling unit consisting of one (1) principal room, exclusive of bathroom, kitchen, hallway, closets, or dining alcove directly off the principal room.

Electric distribution center: A terminal at which electric energy is received from the transmission system and is delivered to the distribution system only.

Electric substation: A terminal at which electric energy is received from the transmission system and is delivered to other elements of the transmission system and, generally, to the local distribution system.

Engineer, city: The official of the City of Calumet City, Illinois duly appointed and designated as the city engineer.

Establishment, business: A building, structure, or land used in whole or in part as a place of business, the ownership or management of which is separate and distinct from the ownership or management of any other place of business located on the same or other lot.

Fallout shelter: An accessory building and use which incorporates the fundamentals for fallout protection (shielding mass, ventilation, and space to live) and which is constructed of such materials, in such a manner, as to afford to the occupants substantial protection from radioactive fallout.

Family: One (1) person or two (2) or more persons each related to the other by blood, marriage, or legal adoption, or a group of not more than five (5) persons not all so related, together with his or their domestic servants, maintaining a common household in a dwelling unit, but not including sororities, fraternities or similar organizations.

Fence: A structure, or tree or shrub hedge which is a barrier and used as a boundary or means of protection or confinement.

Fence, open: A fence including gates which has, for each one-foot wide segment extending over the entire length and height of the fence, fifty (50) percent of the surface area in open spaces which afford direct views through the fence.

Fence, solid: A fence, including gates, which conceals from view from adjoining properties, streets, or alleys activities conducted behind it.

Flood-crest elevation: The elevation equal to the flood-crest level of record designated by the city engineer or other governmental officials or body having jurisdiction as applicable to the property for which a zoning certificate is being requested.

Floodplain area: That continuous area adjacent to a stream or stream bed, or any storm water retention area and its tributaries, whose elevation is equal to or lower than the flood-crest elevation including also land less than ten (10) acres in area having an elevation higher than flood-crest elevation and which is surrounded by land in a floodplain area, or land, less than five (5) acres in area, having an elevation equal to or higher than flood-crest elevation and bordered on three (3) sides by lane in a floodplain area.

Floor area, for determining floor area ratio: The sum of the gross horizontal areas of the several floors including also the basement floor of a building, measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls, or from the center line of walls separating two buildings. The floor area shall also include the horizontal areas on each floor devoted to: (a) elevator shafts and stairwells; (b) mechanical equipment, except if located on the roof, when either open or enclosed, i.e. bulkhead, water tanks, and cooling towers; (c) habitable attic space as permitted by the building code of the City of Calumet City, Illinois; (d) interior balconies and mezzanines; (e) enclosed porches; and (f) accessory uses. The floor area of structures used for bulk storage of materials, i.e. grain elevators, petroleum tanks shall also be included in the floor area and such floor area shall be determined on the basis of the height of such structures with one (1) floor for each ten (10) feet of structure height and if such structure measures less than ten (10) feet but not less than five (5) feet over such floor height intervals, it shall be construed to have an additional floor.

The horizontal area in each floor of a building devoted to off-street parking and off-street loading facilities and the horizontal area of a cellar floor shall not be included in the floor area.

Floor area, for determining off-street parking and off-street loading requirements: Floor area when prescribed as the basis of measurement for off-street parking spaces and off-street loading spaces for a use shall be the sum of the gross horizontal area of the several floors of the building, excluding the horizontal areas of basement and cellar floors that are devoted exclusively to uses accessory to the operation of the entire building. All horizontal dimensions shall be taken from the exterior of the walls.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, when determining the floor area for off-street parking spaces and off-street loading spaces for enclosed retail shopping malls, there shall also be excluded from the determination of floor area the horizontal areas of (a) all enclosed common areas devoted to the general public, such as (without limitation) pedestrian malls (including service and exit corridors, balconies, mezzanines, and enclosed porches); mall restrooms; and mall elevator shafts, stairwells and escalator areas, and (b) all other enclosed horizontal areas not devoted to retail sales (or uses accessory thereto), such as (without limitation) equipment and mechanical areas; heating, ventilating and air conditioning shafts and ducts; enclosed loading docks; and store elevator shafts, stairwells, and escalator areas.

Floor area ratio: The numerical value obtained by dividing the floor area within a building or buildings on a lot by the area of such lot. The floor ratio requirements as designated for each district when multiplied by the lot area in square feet shall determine the maximum permissible floor area for the building or buildings on the lot.

Free burning: The rate of combustion described by a material which burns actively and easily supports combustion.

Frequency: Signifies the number of oscillations per second in a sound wave and is an index of the pitch of the resulting sound.

Garage, private: An accessory building designed and used for the storage of motor vehicles owned and used by the occupants of the principal building to which it is accessory and in which no occupation or business for profit is carried on. Only one (1) of the motor vehicles may be a commercial vehicle which does not exceed two (2) tons capacity. A travel trailer or a boat that, in each case, is owned and used by the occupant of such principal building may be stored in a private garage.

Garage, public: A building or portion thereof other than a private or storage garage, designed or used for equipping, servicing, or repairing motor vehicles. Hiring, selling, or storing of motor vehicles may be included.

Garage, storage: A building or portion thereof, designed or used exclusively for storage of motor vehicles, and in which motor fuels and oils are not sold, except as herein regulated, and motor vehicles are not equipped, repaired, hired or sold.

Gross density: Ratio between total number of dwelling units on a lot and total area in acres.

Guest, permanent: A person who occupies or has the right to occupy a lodging house, hotel, apartment hotel, or motel accommodation as his domicile and place of permanent residence.

Home occupation: A gainful occupation or profession conducted entirely within a dwelling unit by a member of the family residing in the dwelling unit. No article shall be sold or offered for sale on the premises except such as is produced by the occupation on the premises and no mechanical or electrical equipment shall be installed or maintained other than such as is incidental to domestic use.

Hotel or motel: A building in which lodging rooms are provided and offered to the public for compensation and which is open to transient guests, in contradistinction to a lodging house, or a rooming house, and where customary hotel services such as maid, telephone, and secretarial, bellboy, and desk services and the use and upkeep of furniture, and furnishings and laundry of linens are provided. Facilities may include restaurants, cocktail lounges, and meeting rooms. Not more than fifty (50) percent of the accommodations in a hotel may be in dwelling units occupied or intended for occupancy by permanent guests.

Hotel, apartment: A hotel in which more than fifty (50) percent but not more than eighty (80) percent of the accommodations are in dwelling units occupied or intended for occupancy by permanent guests.

Intense burning: The rate of combustion described by a material that burns with a high degree of activity and is consumed rapidly.

Institution: A building occupied by a nonprofit corporation wholly for public or semipublic use.

Junkyard: An open area of land and any accessory buildings or structures thereon which are used primarily for buying, selling, exchanging, storing, baling, packing, disassembling, or handling waste or scrap materials, including vehicles, machinery, and equipment not in operable condition or parts thereof, and other metals, paper, rugs, rubber tires and bottles.

Kennel: Any premises or portion thereof on which more than three (3) dogs, cats, or other household domestic animals over one (1) year of age are kept, or on which more than two (2) such animals are maintained, boarded, bred, or cared for, in return for remunerations, or are kept for the purpose of sale, except any premise five (5) acres or more in area used for a single-family detached dwelling, agricultural, institutional, or recreational use where more than three (3) such domestic animals owned by the occupant of the principal use are kept, bred, and offered for sale shall not be considered a kennel.

Laboratory: See "research laboratory."

Launderette: A business that provides coin-operated self-service type washing, drying, dry-cleaning, and ironing facilities, providing that: (a) not more than four (4) persons, including owners, are employed on the premises; and (b) no pick-up or delivery service is maintained.

Livestock: Riding horses, ponies, donkeys, sheep, goats, and cattle.

Loading berth: A space within the principal building or on the same lot as the principal building providing for the standing or unloading of trucks and with access to a street or alley.

Lot: A parcel of land legally described as a distinct portion or piece of land of record.

Lot area: The area of a horizontal plane bounded by the front, side and rear lot lines of the lot.

Lot, corner: A lot of which at least two (2) adjacent sides abut for their full lengths upon streets, provided that the interior angle at the intersection of such two sides is less than one hundred thirty-five (135) degrees. A lot abutting upon a curved street or streets shall be considered a corner lot if the tangents to the curve at its points of beginning within the lot or at the points of intersection of the side lot lines with the street line intersect at an interior angle of less than one hundred thirty-five (135) degrees. The point of intersection of the street lot lines is the corner. In the case of a corner lot with a curved street line, the corner is that point on the street lot line nearest to the point of intersection of the tangents above described.

Lot, interior: A lot that is not a corner lot.

Lot line adjoining a street: A side lot line of a corner lot which abuts a street, a rear lot line of a through lot, or a front lot line of any lot.

Lot line, front: The boundary of a lot which abuts a street. On a corner lot, the lot line having the shortest length abutting a street shall be the front lot line.

Lot line, interior: A lot line which does not abut a street right-of-way line.

Lot line, rear: That boundary of a lot which is most distant from and is, or is most nearly, parallel to the front lot line and in the case of an irregular, triangular, or goreshaped lot, a line ten (10) feet in length, within the lot, which is parallel to and at the maximum distance from the front lot line.

Lot line, side: Any boundary of a lot which is not a front lot line or a rear lot line.

Lot lines: The property lines bounding the lot.

Lot, reversed corner: A corner lot, the side lot line adjoining a street of which is substantially a continuation of the front lot line of the first lot to its rear.

Lot, through: A lot having a pair of opposite lot lines along two (2) more or less parallel streets, and which is not a corner lot. Both street lines shall be deemed front lot lines for the purpose of conforming with yard, other open area, and accessory building, structure, and use regulations of this ordinance.

Lot width: The minimum horizontal distance between the side lot lines of a lot measured at the narrowest width within the buildable area.

Lots of record: A single lot which is part of a subdivision, the plat of which has been recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds of Cook County, Illinois; or a single parcel of land, the deed of which has been recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds of Cook County, Illinois.

Manufacturing establishment: An establishment, the principal use of which is manufacturing, fabricating, processing, assembly, repairing, storing, cleaning, servicing, or testing of materials, goods, or products.

Marquee or canopy: A roof-like structure of a permanent nature which projects from the wall of a building.

Micron: A unit of length, equal to one-thousandth part of one millimeter (.001 millimeter).

Mobile home: A trailer designed and constructed for dwelling purposes.

Moderate burning: Implies a rate of combustion described by material which supports combustion and is consumed slowly as it burns.

Motor freight terminal: A building or area in which freight brought by motor truck or railroad is assembled or stored for routing in intra-state or interstate shipment by motor truck.

Nameplate: A sign indicating the name and address of a building, or the name of an occupant thereof, and the practice of a permitted occupation therein.

No-access strip: A strip of land along the rear lot line, adjoining a thoroughfare right-of-way, of a through lot, and which is designated on a recorded subdivision plat or property deed as land over which motor vehicular travel shall not be permitted.

Nonconforming building or structure: Any building or structure lawfully established which: (a) does not comply with all the regulations of this ordinance or of any amendment hereto governing bulk of the district in which such building or structure is located; or (b) is designed or intended for a nonconforming use.

Nonconforming use: Any building or structure and the use thereof or the use of land that does not conform with the regulations of this ordinance or any amendment hereto governing use in the district in which it is located but conformed with all of the codes, ordinances, and other legal requirements applicable at the time such building, or structure was erected, enlarged, or altered, and the use thereof or the use of land was established.

Noxious matter or material: A material which is capable of causing injury to living organisms by chemical reaction or is capable of causing detrimental effect on the physical or economic well-being of individuals.

Nursery, child-care, or nursery school: A building containing facilities for the part-time care of five (5) or more children of pre-elementary school are and may include in addition the dwelling unit of the family residing therein.

Nursing home: A building containing facilities for the care and home of aged, chronically ill, infirm, or incurable persons, or a place of rest for those persons suffering bodily disorders, in which three (3) or more persons not members of the family residing on the premises are received, and provided with food, shelter, and care, but not including hospitals, clinics, or similar institutions devoted primarily to the diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury, maternity cases, or mental illness.

Octave band: A method of dividing the range of sound frequencies into octaves in order to classify sound according to pitch.

Odor: The minimum concentration of odorous matter in the air that can be detected as an odor.

Off-street parking area or lot: Land which is improved and used or structure which is designed and used exclusively for the storage of passenger motor vehicles, either for accessory off-street parking spaces or commercial off-street parking spaces when permitted herein by district regulations.

Open sales lot: Land used or occupied for the purpose of buying, selling, or renting merchandise stored or displayed out-of-doors prior to sale. Such merchandise includes automobiles, trucks, motor scooters, motorcycles, boats, or similar commodities.

Parking space: An area, enclosed in a building or unenclosed, reserved for the parking of one (1) motor vehicle and which is accessible to and from a street or alley.

Particular matter: Finely divided solid or liquid matter, other than water, which is released into the atmosphere.

Party wall: An interior wall of adjoining buildings-extending from its footing below grade to the underside of the roof, which divides and is in common use by such adjoining buildings.

Performance standard: A criteria established to control smoke and particulate matter, noise, odor, toxic, or noxious matter, vibration, fire and explosion hazards, glare of heat, or radiation hazards generated by or inherent in uses of land or buildings.

Plan commission: The plan commission of the City of Calumet City, Illinois.

Planned unit development: A parcel or tract of land having an area as herein required in district regulations, initially under unified ownership or control, and which is or is intended to be the site for two (2) or more principal buildings for one (1) or more principal uses, or one (1) principal building for two (2) or more principal uses and within which allowable exceptions in the district regulations are specified.

Pyrophoric dust: A dust in a finely divided state that is spontaneously combustible in air.

Radiation hazards: The deleterious and harmful effects of all ionizing radiation, which shall include all radiation capable of producing ions in their passage through matter. Such radiations shall include, but are not limited to, electromagnetic radiations such as X-rays, and gamma rays and particulate radiations such as electrons or beta particles, protons, neutrons, and alpha particles.

Research laboratory: A building or group of buildings, in which are located facilities for scientific research, investigation, testing, or experimentation, but not facilities for the manufacture or sale of products, except as incidental to the main purpose of the laboratory.

Reservoir parking spaces: Those off-street parking spaces allocated for temporary standing of automobiles awaiting entrances to a particular establishment.

Ringelmann chart: The chart described in the U.S. Bureau of Mines information Circular 6888, on which are illustrated graduated shades of gray for use in estimating the light-obscuring capacity of smoke-smoke density.

Ringelmann Number: The number of the area on the Ringelmann Chart that coincides most nearly with the visual density of emission or the light-obscuring capacity of smoke.

Roadway: That portion of a street which is used or intended to be used for the travel of motor vehicles.

Setback: The minimum horizontal distance between a street line and the nearest wall of a building, or side of a structure facing such street line, or edge of the area of operation of a principal use when no building or structure is involved.

Setback, established: When forty (40) percent or more of the lots fronting on one (1) side of a street within a block are improved, the existing setbacks of such improved lots shall be the established setbacks and the setbacks for the remainder of the lots along such street frontage shall be related, as herein regulated, to the established setbacks, except on any lot fronting a thoroughfare as designated on the official map, the established setbacks shall be the yard line of a yard adjoining a street which is set back not less than the required depth as herein regulated, from the established center line of such thoroughfare.

Sign: A name, identification, description, illustration, display or device which is affixed to, painted or represented upon a building, structure, or land and which directs attention to a product, place, activity, person, institution, or business. For purpose of definition, a sign structure may be single face or double face. However, a sign shall not include any display of any court, public or official notice, nor shall it include the flag, emblem, insignia of a nation, political unit, school, religious or charitable institution or organization. A sign shall also include a permanent sign located within an enclosed building in such a manner as to be viewed or intended or view primarily from the exterior of the building.

Sign, advertising: A structure including a billboard on which is portrayed information which directs attention to a business, commodity, service, or entertainment, or other activity not necessarily related to uses permitted on the premises upon which the sign structure is located.

Sign, business: A sign which directs attention to a business, commodity, service, entertainment, or other activity conducted upon the premises upon which such sign is located.

Sign, flashing: An illuminated sign on which the artificial light is not maintained constant or stationary in intensity or color at all times when such sign is in use. For the purpose of this ordinance, a revolving sign, or any advertising device which attracts attention by moving parts, operated by mechanical equipment or movement is caused by natural sources, whether or not illuminated with artificial lighting, shall be considered a flashing sign.

Sign, ground: A sign which is supported by one (1) or more uprights or braces in or upon the ground.

Sign, projecting: A sign which is affixed to any building wall or structure and extends beyond the building wall or parts thereof or structure.

Sign, roof: A sign erected, constructed, and maintained above the roof of any building.

Sign, wall: A sign which is affixed to an exterior wall of any building, when such sign shall project not more than twelve (12) inches from the building wall or parts thereof.

Single-ownership: A lot in single-ownership is one where the owner does not own adjoining vacant property.

Smoke: The visible discharge from a chimney, stack, vent, exhaust, or combustion process which is made up of particulate matter.

Smoke unit: The number obtained when the smoke density in the Ringelmann Number is multiplied by the time of emission in minutes. For the purpose of this calculation: (a) a Ringelmann density reading shall be made at least one (1) a minute during the period of observation; (b) each reading is then multiplied by the time in minutes during which it is observed; and (c) the various products are then added together to give the total number of smoke units observed during the entire observation period.

Sound level: The intensity of sound of an operation or use as measured in decibels.

Sound level meter: An instrument standardized by the American Standards Association for measurement of the intensity of sound.

Story: That portion of a building, other than a cellar, included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the floor next above it, or if there be no floor above it, the space between the floor and the ceiling next above it. The floor of a story may have split levels provided that there are not more than four (4) feet differences in elevation between the different levels of the floor. A basement shall be counted as a story and a mezzanine floor shall be counted as a story when it covers over one-third (⅓) the area of the floor next below it, or if the vertical distance from the floor next below it to the floor next above it is twenty-four (24) feet or more.

Street: A public or private right-of-way or easement which is designated as a permanent right-of-way or easement for common use as the primary means of vehicular access to properties abutting on it.

Street frontage: All of the property fronting on one (1) side of a street between two (2) intersecting streets, or in the case of a dead-end street, all of the property along one (1) side of the street between an intersecting street and the end of such dead-end street.

Street line: The street right-of-way line abutting a property line of a lot.

Structure: Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires more or less permanent location on the ground or attached to something having a permanent location on the ground, including, but without limiting, the generality of the foregoing, signs, back stops for tennis courts, and pergolas.

Structural alteration: Any change in the supporting members of a building, such as bearing walls, columns, beams or girders, or any substantial change in the roof or in the exterior walls, excepting such repair or replacement as may be required for the safety of the building.

Three-components measuring system: Instruments which measure simultaneously earthborne vibrations in horizontal and vertical planes.

Toxic matter or material: Those materials which are capable of causing injury to living organisms by chemical means.

Trailer: Any vehicle or portable structure constructed so as to permit occupancy thereof for lodging or dwelling purposes or for the use as an accessory building or structure in the conduct of business, trade, or occupation, and which may be used as a conveyance on streets, and highways, by its own or other motive power.

Transitional living residence: A state or federally licensed group care home for juvenile delinquents, half-way houses providing residences, rehabilitation and counseling to persons on release from a more restrictive custodial confinement, and residential rehabilitation treatment centers or residences, which also may provide out-patient rehabilitation for alcohol and other drug abuse.

Use: The purpose or activity for which the land, and buildings and structures thereon, is designed, arranged, or intended, or for which it is occupied or maintained, and shall include any manner of performance of such activity with respect to the performance of such activity with respect to the performance standards of this ordinance.

Use, accessory: See "accessory."

Use, lawful: The use of any building, structure, or land that conforms with all of the regulations of this ordinance or any amendment hereto and which conforms with all of the codes, ordinances, and other legal requirements, as existing at the time of the enactment of this ordinance or any amendment thereto, for the structure or land that is being examined.

Use, permitted: Any use which is or may be lawfully established in a particular district or districts, provided it conforms with all requirements, regulations, and when applicable, performance standards of this ordinance for the district in which such use is located.

Use, principal: The dominant use of land or buildings as distinguished from a subordinate or accessory use.

Use, special permitted: A use that has operational, physical, and other characteristics that may be different from those of the predominant permitted uses in a district, but which is a use that compliments or is otherwise compatible with intended overall development with a district. Compliance with special standards not necessarily applicable to other permitted or special permitted uses in the district shall be required for a special permitted use, as herein regulated in this ordinance.

Vehicle, motor: Any passenger vehicle, truck, truck-trailer, or semitrailer propelled or drawn by mechanical power.

Vending machine: A machine for dispensing merchandise or services designed to be operated by the customer.

Vibration: The periodic displacement, measured in inches, of earth designated frequency, cycles per second.

Yard: An open area on a lot which is unobstructed from its lowest level to the sky, except as otherwise provided in this ordinance.

Yard adjoining a street, side: A yard which is bounded by the front yard line, side yard adjoining a street line, rear yard line and side lot line adjoining a street.

Yard, front: A yard which is bounded by the side lot lines, front lot lines, and the front yard line or the established setback line.

Yard, interior side: A side yard which adjoins another lot or an alley separating such side yard from another lot.

Yard line: A line in a lot that is parallel to the lot line along which the applicable yard extends and which is not nearer to such lot line at any point than the required depth or width of the applicable yard. A building, structure, or other obstruction shall not encroach into the area between the yard line and such adjacent lot line, except for such permitted obstructions in yards as are set forth in this ordinance.

Yard, rear: A yard which is bounded by side lot lines, rear lot lines, and the rear yard line.

Yard, side: A yard which is bounded by the rear yard line, front yard line, side yard line and side lot line.

Yard, transitional means a yard designed with certain screening improvements to serve as a buffer between potentially incompatible land-uses.

Zoning administrator: The building commissioner shall be the zoning administrator.

Zoning board of appeals: The zoning board of appeals of the City of Calumet City.

Zoning districts: The districts into which the City of Calumet City, Illinois, has been divided as set forth on the zoning district map, for the purposes of zoning regulations and requirements.

Zoning lot: A single tract of land located within a single block which (at the time of filing for a building permit) is designated by its owner or developer as a tract to be used, developed or built upon as a unit, under single ownership or control. Therefore, a "zoning lot" may or may not coincide with a lot of record.

(Code 1980, App. B, § III; Ord. No. 91-7, §§ 1, 2, 3-14-1991; Ord. No. 93-4, § 1b., 2-25-1993; Ord. No. 96-30, § 1(Exh. A), 5-23-1996; Ord. No. 20-19, § 2, 4-9-2020; Ord. No. 21-03, § 2, 1-14-2021)