Cumberland Township
City Zoning Code
City Zoning Code
PART 13
OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING
§ 27-1301 General Provisions.
[Ord. 11/25/2003, § 1300; as amended by Ord. 08-120, 4/17/2008, § E]
1.
General Requirements. Off-street parking areas shall be oriented to and within a reasonable walking distance of the buildings the parking areas are designed to serve. Access to parking lots shall be designed so as not to obstruct free flow of traffic. There shall be adequate provision for ingress to and egress from all parking spaces to ensure ease of mobility, ample clearance, and safety of vehicles and pedestrians. Off-street parking areas shall provide paved surfaces for vehicular movement and parking spaces.
2.
Setbacks. Off-street parking areas shall be set back a minimum of 10 feet from front lot lines and a minimum of one foot from side and rear lot lines; greater setbacks may be required in accordance with the standards applicable to each district.
3.
Size of Spaces. Each required off-street parking space shall measure 10 feet in width by 20 feet in length. Parking spaces for the physically handicapped shall be 12 feet wide.
4.
Width of Aisles. The minimum width of all aisles providing direct access to individual parking stalls shall be in accordance with the requirements specified below. Only one-way traffic shall be permitted in aisles serving single-row parking spaces placed at an angle other than 90°.
Parking Angle | Aisle Width | |
|---|---|---|
30° | 12 feet | |
45° | 13 feet | |
60° | 18 feet | |
90° | 24 feet |
5.
Parked Vehicle Overhang. Parking areas shall be designed so as to prevent parked vehicles from overhanging or extending over sidewalks or required landscaped areas.
6.
Perimeter Landscaping. For any off-street parking area accommodating 20 or more vehicle spaces, a landscape strip of at least five feet in width shall be provided between vehicular use areas and any adjacent public street, walk, or right-of-way, or any contiguous property. The landscape strip shall be planted and perpetually maintained with shade trees, with at least one tree per 35 lineal feet. The required landscape strip area shall be planted and perpetually maintained with grass, ground cover, or other landscape materials.
7.
Interior (Non-perimeter) Landscaping. For any off-street parking area accommodating 20 or more vehicle spaces, landscaped areas shall be provided for interior vehicular use areas so as to provide visual and climatic relief from broad expanses of pavement, to channel and define areas for pedestrian and vehicular circulation, to reduce stormwater runoff, and to provide groundwater recharge:
A.
At least 5% of the gross area of the interior vehicular use area shall be landscaped.
B.
Interior (non-perimeter) landscaped areas shall be dispersed so as to define aisles and limit unbroken rows of parking.
C.
Each separate landscaped area shall be at least 300 square feet in area and a minimum of five feet in width.
D.
Landscaped areas shall be planted and perpetually maintained with grass, ground cover, or other landscape materials.
E.
Shade trees shall be planted and perpetually maintained in interior landscaped areas, with at least one shade tree per 300 square feet of interior landscaped area.
F.
No hedge, tree, shrub, or other growth shall be maintained that may cause danger to vehicular or pedestrian traffic in any off-street parking area by obscuring the view.
8.
Parked Vehicle Registration. All vehicles parked outdoors must be registered, with current, valid, state motor vehicle plates and safety and emission inspection credentials plainly visible.
9.
Recreational Vehicle, Boat, and Oversize Vehicle Parking in Residential Districts. Except as provided for in Subsection 9D below, no more than one recreational vehicle, boat or oversized vehicle may be parked outdoors on a lot in any district constituent of Part 5, "Residential Districts," of this chapter.
A.
Such vehicles shall not be parked in front yards and shall be parked no closer than 10 feet to any lot line.
B.
Such vehicles shall not have exterior identification or signs indicating an occupation, employment, or enterprise that is carried on for profit.
C.
Such vehicles shall not be used for living or sleeping quarters on any lot in the township.
D.
On a lot containing two or more dwelling units a designated parking area may be established to accommodate several such vehicles, provided that:
(1)
The total number of such vehicles parked on the lot does not exceed the number of dwelling units on the lot.
(2)
The designated parking area meets the other requirements of this section.
(3)
The designated parking area is screened from view from adjoining lots and public streets by means of a buffer area.
10.
Overflow/Reserve Parking Lots.
A.
On-site way-finding signage for overflow parking lots shall be provided.
B.
Circulation plans for ingress and egress shall be provided for overflow parking lots.
C.
A plan for lighting and or temporary lighting shall be provided.
D.
Off-street areas used for special event parking (to accommodate occasional overflow volumes) must be constructed of any dust-free, compacted, pervious, ground cover; the owner of the property shall be responsible for the maintenance of such parking in a clean and dust-free condition.
E.
The parking lot shall be designed to permit vehicles exiting the parking lot to enter the street right-of-way or easement in a forward motion.
F.
Storage, temporary or extended, of motor vehicles of any class, or of goods, wares, products or other commodities is prohibited in the subject overflow parking lot.
11.
Lighting in Parking Lots.
A.
Lighting Standards and Requirements. Where required by this chapter, the owner shall install or cause to be installed, at the owner's expense, pole street lights serviced by underground conduit in accordance with the plan to be prepared by the owners engineer and approved by the Board of Supervisors. The owner shall be responsible for all costs involved in lighting the street from the date of first dwelling unit occupancy until such time that the streets are accepted by the Township. In addition, as a minimum in a single-family subdivision, appropriate conduit and wiring shall be installed underground even though standards and lighting fixtures might not be constructed immediately.
(1)
Standards. All lighting and accessory equipment shall beet acceptable industry standards as approved by the Board of Supervisors.
(2)
Shielding. All above permitted lighting and all external lighting fixtures appurtenant to a structure shall be shielded to eliminate stray light beyond and angle of 85° from vertical plane of all residential properties and from all right-of-way.
(3)
All lighting for parking lots shall be mounted on approximately one-hundred-foot centers.
B.
Other Lighting Standards. The following standards shall apply to all exterior light fixtures within the Township, except street lighting and associated traffic devices provided by a public utility or governmental entity within a public right-of-way.
(1)
The light from any luminaire shall be shaded, shielded or directed to prevent direct light from being distributed beyond an angle of 85° from a vertical plane onto adjacent properties and/or surrounding areas. Unshielded lamps, bulbs and tubes are not permitted, except for temporary holiday lighting.
(2)
Lighting shall be designed so that the illumination does not exceed 0.10 foot-candles beyond the property line on which the lighting originates.
(3)
Except for public street lights and traffic signals, freestanding lighting fixtures shall not exceed 16 feet in height for parking areas. Security or floodlighting may exceed this height when attached to a building provided that such lighting shall be arranged and installed to reflect and focus lights away from adjacent properties. Greater pole heights may be permitted if approved by the Township where circumstances allow. In such case, engineering data/design substantiating the request shall be provided for review. In such cases the proportions and shielding angle may be requested to be less.
(4)
No luminaire shall have any blinking, flashing or fluttering lights or other illuminating device which has a changing light intensity, brightness or color nor is any beacon light permitted, except those requirements for fire alarm and/or emergency systems.
(5)
Neither the direct nor reflected light from any luminaire shall create a disabling glare causing traffic hazards on public thoroughfares.
(6)
The type, spacing and degree of cut-off of lighting for new development must be approved by the Board of Supervisors after review by a qualified engineer and recommendation by the Planning Commission.
(7)
Parking areas shall be lighted using pole mounted lighting fixtures. The fixtures shall be located within or adjacent to the parking areas, in raised traffic island, parking bay separators or adjacent landscape areas. Poles and luminaries shall be located so as not to be damaged by automobiles being parked (front overhang minimum 39 inches; rear overhang minimum 60 inches).
(8)
Levels of lighting in pedestrian and vehicular use areas shall adhere to the following standards:
Use | Min. Avg. Illumination (footcandles) | |
|---|---|---|
Multi-Family and Planned Residential Development Parking Lots | 0.6 - 0.8 | |
Recreational/Institutional Activity Parking Lots | 1.0 - 1.2 | |
Industrial Office Campus Areas and Parking Lots | 0.5 - 1.0 | |
Commercial Areas and Parking Lots | 0.5 - 1.0 |
Where possible, short-post lighting shall be incorporated to reduce glare. Any deviation from the above illumination levels shall meet the limits of the standards of the Illuminating Engineer Society (IES). |
C.
Plan Requirements, Graphics and Submissions.
(1)
Preliminary and/or Final Lighting Plan. The location and type of all proposed exterior lighting fixtures shall be indicated on the preliminary and/or final landscape plans to insure that there is no conflict between the location of light standards and the location of trees, and that trees will not adversely affect lighting patterns. Lighting fixture locations shall be indicated on the plans by symbols.
D.
Exemption, Nonconforming Lighting. Nothing in this section shall be construed to be applied retroactively to existing lighting facilities or fixtures prior to effective date, unless work is scheduled to replace 50% or more of the existing outdoor light fixtures, or to increase by 50% or more the number of outdoor light fixtures on the premises.
§ 27-1302 Required Off-Street Parking Capacities.
[Ord. 11/25/2003, § 1301; as amended by Ord. 2010-135, 3/18/2010, § C]
1.
Required Parking for Specific Uses. Any building or structure erected, altered, or used and any lot used or occupied for any of the following purposes, regardless of the zoning district in which the use is located, shall be provided with the minimum number of off-street parking spaces set forth below, together with adequate driveways and street access in compliance with the requirements of § 27-1301 of this Part and of the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance [Chapter 22]. Where a use is not specifically listed below, the requirement of the most similar use shall apply.
Use | Required Spaces | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
A. | Single-family detached dwelling | 2 spaces per dwelling unit | ||
B. | Two-family dwelling, three- or four-family dwelling | 2 spaces per dwelling unit | ||
C. | Five-or-more-family dwelling | 1 space per studio unit, 2 spaces per dwelling unit for any other unit | ||
D. | Retirement community, senior housing | 1 space per dwelling unit | ||
E. | Tourist home, boarding or rooming house, bed and breakfast | 2 spaces, plus 1 space per rental unit | ||
F. | Home occupation or office within a residence | |||
(1) | General home occupations | 1 additional space per use | ||
(2) | Professional services | 4 additional spaces per use | ||
(3) | Healing arts practitioners | 7 additional spaces per use | ||
G. | Church, public auditorium | 1 space per 2 seats | ||
H. | Elementary or intermediate school[1] | 1.75 spaces per classroom | ||
I. | High school[2] | 5 spaces per classroom | ||
J. | Hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation center | 1 space per 2 beds plus 1 per employee | ||
K. | Community center, library, public building | 2 spaces per 500 square feet gross floor area | ||
L. | Day care center | 1 space per 12 children plus 1 per employee | ||
M. | Institutional home | 1 space per 5 occupants of total capacity | ||
N. | Correctional institution | 1 space per 3 occupants | ||
O. | Membership club (non-residential) | 1 space per 6 members of total capacity | ||
P. | Indoor recreation | |||
(1) | Bowling alley | 5 spaces per lane | ||
(2) | Court for racquet sports | 2 spaces per count | ||
(3) | Sports club/health spa billiard room, etc | 1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | ||
(4) | Dance, music or art studio | 1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area | ||
Q. | Outdoor recreation | |||
(1) | Golf course | 3 spaces per hole plus 1 per employee. (Any area for restaurant, clubhouse, etc., shall meet standards for those facilities separately.) | ||
(2) | Ballfield or other outdoor court | 1 space per 4 persons of total designed capacity | ||
R. | Medical/dental office | 7 spaces per practitioner including technicians | ||
S. | Retail store | 1 space per 200 square feet gross floor area | ||
T. | Shopping center, supermarket | 1 space per 200 square feet gross floor area | ||
U. | Bank, financial institution without | 6 spaces per teller window drive-in | ||
V. | Bank, financial institution with drive-in | 3 spaces per inside teller window plus 3 per self-service facility | ||
W. | Indoor theater | 1 space per 3 seats | ||
X. | Restaurant, bar or tavern | 1 space per 100 square feet gross floor area | ||
Y. | Vehicle sales | 1 space per 500 square feet indoor gross floor area, plus 1 space per 5,000 square feet to be set aside for customer parking and not used for display or storage | ||
Z. | Motor vehicle service/repair | 3 spaces per service bay | ||
AA. | Gasoline service station | 1 space per 300 square feet gross floor area or 3 spaces per service bay (whichever be larger) | ||
BB. | Undertaking or funeral establishment | 1 space per 4 seats or per 50 square feet of public floor area (whichever be larger) | ||
CC. | Job printing | 1 space per employee on largest shift plus 1 space per 250 square feet of public floor area | ||
DD. | Hotel or motel | 1 space per room plus 1 per 200 square feet of additional public floor area | ||
EE. | Offices | 1 space per 300 square feet gross floor area | ||
FF. | Warehouse or storage | 1 space per 1500 square feet gross floor area or per employee on largest shift, whichever be larger | ||
GG. | Industry, research and development | 1 space per 405 square feet gross floor area or per employee on largest shift, whichever be larger | ||
HH. | Newspaper publishing | 1 space per 450 square feet gross floor area or per employee on largest shift, whichever be larger | ||
II. | Animal hospital or kennel | 3 spaces per veterinarian plus 1 per additional employee | ||
JJ. | Commercial stable or riding academy | 1 space per horse stall plus 1 per employee | ||
KK. | Licensed gaming facility | 1 space per 200 square feet gross floor area | ||
§ 27-1303 Reserve Parking.
[Ord. 11/25/2003, § 1302]
1.
Reserve Parking. If the number of spaces required under § 27-1302 is substantially greater than the number of spaces anticipated as needed by the applicant, the applicant may apply to the Zoning Hearing Board to have the number of spaces required reduced. Upon the recommendation of the Planning Commission and Township Engineer, the Zoning Hearing Board may reduce the required number of spaces in accordance with the following criteria:
A.
The applicant shall provide evidence of reduced parking needs to the Planning Commission and Township Engineer, for their review and recommendation.
B.
Sufficient area shall be set aside for construction of the remainder of the required spaces, if and when they are deemed necessary by the Zoning Hearing Board.
C.
All stormwater engineering shall be designed based on total parking requirements, including the reserve.
D.
Parking capacity shall be re-evaluated by the Zoning Officer should any change occur in the use, ownership, size of building, or number of residents or employees and, following such re-evaluation, the Zoning Hearing Board may require the construction of additional parking spaces, up to the maximum required by this chapter, upon the recommendation of the Planning Commission and Township Engineer.
E.
The Zoning Officer may deny or revoke the Certificate of Occupancy permit of any use that fails to comply with the provisions of this section and § 27-1302.
F.
The applicant shall provide a financial guaranty to cover the cost of installation of the reserved parking spaces for a period of one year following installation of the initially-constructed spaces, in a manner approved by the Zoning Hearing Board upon the recommendation of the Township Solicitor and Township Engineer.
§ 27-1304 Loading and Unloading.
[Ord. 11/25/2003, § 1303]
1.
Requirement for Loading and Unloading Areas. Whenever the normal operation of any business, enterprise, or use requires that goods, merchandise, or equipment be routinely delivered to or shipped from that business, enterprise, or use, a sufficient paved off-street loading and unloading area must be provided in accordance with this § 27-1304 to accommodate the delivery or shipment operations in a safe and convenient manner.
2.
Specifications for Loading and Unloading Areas. The loading and unloading area must be of sufficient size to accommodate the numbers and types of vehicles that are likely to use this area given the nature of the business, enterprise, or use in question.
A.
Loading and unloading areas shall be so located and designed that the vehicles intended to use them can maneuver safely and conveniently to and from a public right-of-way and complete loading and unloading operations without obstructing or interfering with any public right-of-way or any parking space or parking lot aisle.
B.
No area allocated to loading and unloading facilities may be used to satisfy the area requirements for off-street parking, nor shall any portion of any off-street parking area be used to satisfy the area requirements for loading and unloading facilities.
C.
All loading and unloading areas shall be landscaped and screened sufficiently to obscure the view of the loading and unloading vehicles and platforms from any public street and adjacent residential districts or uses. Such screening shall be an extension of a building, a fence, planting, or combination thereof, and shall be a minimum of six feet in height.