To meet the needs of persons employed at or making use of such structures;

To ensure that any use of land involving the arrival, departure, or storage of motor vehicles on such land be so designed as to minimize hazards to pedestrians and abutters caused by the noise, fumes, and headlight glare of automobiles parking off the street;

To reduce congestion in the streets and contribute to traffic safety by assuring adequate space for parking of motor vehicles off the street;

To provide off-street loading space for all structures requiring the delivery of goods.

Modification of existing lots. Any modification to an existing parking lot, whether subject to an existing parking plan or not, shall be subject to the requirements of this § 280-5.1. When such modification is requested, the applicant shall, to the extent feasible, eliminate all prior existing parking nonconformities, unless the Planning Board makes a written finding that site conditions render literal compliance with the provision of this § 280-5.1 impracticable or infeasible for some or all existing nonconforming parking areas.

The approval by the Board of Appeals of a Special Permit, or the finding that the proposed change in a nonconforming use is not substantially more detrimental, shall not relieve the owner and/or lessee of the requirements § 280-9.5 Site Plan Review.

One and two family dwellings.

Maintenance work which does not alter or change the existing layout.

The Applicant submits a shared parking analysis by a competent traffic engineer or other parking professional demonstrating the availability of parking space supply to satisfy the peak parking space demand of the various uses during all or part of the day. The Applicant may use off-site parking for shared parking provided the off-site parking is located within 400 feet of the premises.

In the event that shared parking involves parties in different ownership, or the same ownership that is off-site, a proposed contract, agreement, or suitable legal instrument acceptable to the Planning Board, specifying the location of all spaces to be jointly used, the number of such spaces, the hours during the day that such parking shall be available, and the duration or limit, if any on such parking, shall be recorded with the Norfolk Registry of Deeds with a copy thereof filed with the Planning Board.

Any reduction in area required for parking because of these joint use provisions may be required as reserved landscaped open space.

Nothing in this Subsection E shall relieve the owner from providing parking facilities in accordance with this Bylaw if subsequently the joint use of parking facilities shall terminate.

Parking spaces and aisles. For parking at right angles to a building, lot line, or aisle, the width of a parking space shall not be less than nine feet, the length shall be 19 feet, of which two feet may overhang a curb or barrier, but shall not extend across a street or lot line, provided that for parking lots used for long term (four hours or longer) parking by the same group of drivers, such as all-day employee parking, parking space width may be reduced to lot[3] less than 16 feet. For parking at other angles, the depth shall be such as to accommodate a nine-foot by nineteen-foot parking space with 1.5 feet maximum overhang.

Parking angle.

Parallel parking. Parking parallel to curb or building shall require 22 feet long parking spaces, nine feet wide. Parking spaces for persons with disabilities shall conform to the applicable federal and state standards as to number and dimensions, and shall be located near building entrances and wheelchair ramps. No parking space shall obstruct the exit path from any other space or be located as to require backing out into or from a street. For driveway curves, the smaller radius shall be not less than 12 feet, and the width of a driveway, where the driveway it is not used for maneuvering in and out of parking spaces, shall not be less than 10 and not more than 15 feet for one-way and not less than 20 and not more than 30 feet for two-way traffic, except that for parking lots with a capacity of 10 or fewer parking spaces and for garages, driveway entrances and exits may be reduced with Planning Board approval to not less than 12 feet for two-way traffic. Lots for 200 or more parking spaces shall have more than one two-way access, located so as to serve different parts of the parking lot. Parking lots designed to include parking for trucks, buses, or other large vehicles shall have designated parking spaces, driveways, and access ways large enough to accommodate such vehicles. In order to screen parking to the greatest extent, wherever and whenever possible, parking shall be located to the rear and sides of buildings.

The number of parking spaces with reduced stall dimensions shall not exceed 25% of the total number of spaces in the parking lot.

All areas to be used for parking, driveways, aisles or access ways to streets open to public travel, pedestrian walkways, and safety islands shall have a pavement surface, designed and maintained, to provide a firm surface, safe traction, and clean walking conditions in wet, freezing, or other inclement weather.

Except for lots designed to serve five or fewer cars, an alternative surface may be used for parking, driveways, aisles, or access ways which is firm, provides safe traction.

For pedestrian walks an alternative surface may be used provided it provides a clean walking surface in wet, freezing, or other inclement weather conditions.

Pavement shall consist of bituminous concrete which is 3.5 inches thick after compaction. An equivalent surface such as cement, concrete brick, masonry, or other permanent surface which provides the design strength of bituminous concrete which is 3.5 inches thick after compacted is permissible.

Paved areas shall be graded so as to avoid ponding and to channel surface water to catch basins or to landscaped, unpaved areas and to avoid excessive surface drainage to the streets.

Parking and maneuvering spaces shall have grades between 1% and 4% whenever possible.

Parking spaces and driveways shall be marked by white striping, and pedestrian paths, fire lanes, and safety zones shall be marked by yellow striping, four inches wide, and/or by curbing, barriers, and retaining walls.

Large parking lots designed for 200 cars or more or for customer, employee, and fleet vehicles parking shall be laid out in several areas separated by landscaping, fencing, or space buffers.

Pavement markings and directional signs shall be used for circulation guidance and safety. Whenever a new site plan approval or a revision to an existing site plan approval depicts an increase in the total impervious surface on the lot, the same shall be submitted to the Conservation Commission for review, and the provisions for drainage on said site plan approval shall be in accordance with a duly issued Order of Conditions or Stormwater Management Permit, whichever is applicable.

All artificial lighting shall be arranged and shielded so as to prevent direct glare from the light source onto any public way or other property. Artificial lighting standards and design requirements are within Site Plan Approval Design Manual as most recently amended.

Access. Driveways serving uses located in the RDO district shall be located as follows, unless an alternative egress configuration is authorized by the Planning Board in performing Site Plan Approval under § 280-9.5, upon the Boards determination that the alternative more effectively reduces traffic hazard and disturbance to residential environs.

Shared drives. Where feasible, driveways shall be shared with adjacent uses so as to reduce the number of points of entry onto streets.

Street. Driveway access shall be only onto a street zoned non-residentially. If that is not feasible, then access shall be onto that abutting street (if two or more exist) where traffic will disturb the smaller number of dwellings.

Buffer area. In the RDO district, no portion of any parking lot of 20 or more spaces serving a use not allowed in an abutting Single or General Residence District shall be located within 40 feet of the boundary of such district, except that on lots established by plan or deed prior to the effective date of this Bylaw (April 8, 1996), that buffer space may be reduced by the Planning Board acting through Site Plan Approval which is sufficient to achieve visual separation and amenity equivalent to that under the basic separation and landscaping requirements.

Those specific conditions that render literal compliance with the terms of this § 280-5.1 impracticable or infeasible,

The specific nature of alternative means of complying with the terms of this § 280-5.1, and

Why and how such action is in the public interest and not inconsistent with the intent and purpose of this § 280-5.1.

General. Adequate off-street loading spaces or loading areas shall be provided and maintained by the owner of the property for each nonresidential building or use which is erected, enlarged, or altered after the effective date of this Bylaw, according to the following regulations.

Required loading space. Where off-street parking is required by this Section, loading berths or bay shall be provided for the loading and unloading of stock and other materials as set forth in Table 3.[4]

Same lot. All loading spaces or loading areas required by this Bylaw shall be on the same lot as the building or use which they are intended to serve, and in no case shall any required loading area be part of an area used to satisfy the off-street parking requirements of this Bylaw.

No queues or backing onto street. No loading facility shall be designed to require trucks to queue on a public way while awaiting off-loading. No loading facility shall be designed to require vehicles to back onto a public way; all turning maneuvers shall be accommodated on the premises.

Shared loading. No part of an off-street loading area required by this Bylaw for any nonresidential building or use shall be included as part of an off-street loading area similarly required for another building or use, unless the type of buildings or uses indicates that the usage of such loading area would not occur simultaneously, as determined by the Planning Board.

Screening. Loading areas shall be screened in accordance with § 280-5.3.

Size. Loading bays shall not be less than 12 feet in width, 55 feet in length, and 14 feet in height, exclusive of driveway and maneuvering space.

Location. No loading dock or bay shall be located within 20 feet of the boundary of any residential district.

Waiver. Any loading requirement set forth herein may be reduced by the grant of a waiver by the Planning Board if the Board finds that the reduction is not inconsistent with public health and safety, or that the reduction promotes a public benefit. In these instances, the Planning Board shall make detailed written findings of

The requirements of this subsection shall apply to any proposed outdoor parking lot for 10 or more parking spaces and to any alteration of an existing parking lot which will contain 10 or more spaces. However, a lot of any size abutting a parcel used for residential purposes shall provide a minimum of a five-foot landscaped buffer strip, or other type of screening as determined by the Board, along all property lines of such parking lot abutting the residential use. The Planning Board acting through Site Plan Approval may require additional buffer. The specific requirements and standards for landscaping is within Site Plan Approval Design Manual as most recently amended.

Existing parking lots covered by § 280-5.1 may proportionally reduce the requirements of this subsection to the ratio of the existing unbuilt-upon space to the space needed to meet the requirements of this Section; or take any action relative thereto.

Frontage strip. Only landscaping shall be allowed in the landscaped buffer zone which extends across the entire frontage of the lot on a street or highway and for a depth of 20 feet in the Highway Business and Research Development and Office districts, and five feet in the Local Business, General Business, and Limited Manufacturing districts, or of the required minimum front yard, whichever is less. Any commercial, industrial, institutional, or other nonresidential use located in a residential district shall provide a landscaped buffer zone of 20 feet in Single Residence A districts, 10 feet in Single Residence B districts, and five feet in General Residence districts. Existing healthy trees and shrubs shall be preserved within this landscaped buffer zone and planted to supplement and not prevent existing vegetation from surviving. Shrubs shall be planted between each two trees. The specific requirements and standards for landscaping are within Site Plan Approval Design Manual as most recently amended.

Lot interior. Trees and shrubs shall also be preserved or planted in the interior of the parking lot (defined as the space enclosing the parking spaces, maneuvering areas, and aisles) so that such landscaped space shall comprise not less than 15% of the paved parking area. This interior landscaped area shall not include the landscaping provided in the frontage strip. Trees and shrubs shall be planted near the middle of rows of parking spaces extending more than 180 feet and to separate parts of the parking lot, and shrubs shall be planted in the landscaped rounding between the end of a row of parking and the curved wedge-shaped spaces or narrow strips not large enough for a tree. The interval between trees shall not be more than 25 feet, and the distance from a tree to the paved area shall be at least five feet. The distance from a shrub or other vegetation to a paved area shall be at least two feet. Landscaping that is less than two feet from the paved area shall not block the line of sight. Other unpaved areas on the lot shall be suitably landscaped with trees, grass, hedges, occasional trees, and flower beds or benches and ornamental structures. The specific requirements and standards for landscaping are within Site Plan Approval Design Manual as most recently amended.

Perimeter. Parking areas, except those associated with single and two-family residences, shall be set back at least five feet from the side and rear lot lines. This required setback shall consist entirely of landscaped open space. The Planning Board, acting through Site Plan Approval, may increase the perimeter landscaping where the Planning Board deems it necessary to protect the single and two-family residences adjacent to the site.

Those specific conditions that render literal compliance with the terms of this § 280-5.2 impracticable or infeasible,

The specific nature of alternative means of complying with the terms of this § 280-5.2, and

Why and how such action is in the public interest and not inconsistent with the intent and purposes of this § 280-5.2.

Plants, landscaping, natural features of the land, minor ornamental or utility system structures requiring no building permit, pedestrian and vehicular ways, parking lots, fences and screening or ornamental walls, utility and light poles and wiring, signs and sign supports, structures and devices required by government for traffic control or other purposes.

Areas and facilities for outdoor sports, athletic, or recreational activities, and open air theaters, but only where such activities are permitted as of right or by special permit.

Outdoor eating areas of a restaurant, where permitted by the Board of Appeals or when shown on a site plan approved by the Planning Board.

The dispensing of fuel, lubricants, or fluids at a garage or service station, where otherwise permitted.

In all zoning districts, outdoor storage or display of goods, products, materials and equipment, including motor vehicles, boats, and construction materials handling equipment, where accessory to the principal use conducted in an enclosed building and otherwise permitted and subject to the requirements herein, is allowed, provided that such outdoor display or storage shall not exceed 20% of the square footage of such building. An automobile sales agency may use an area not exceeding 80% of the square footage of its building for outdoor display and storage of new vehicles.

Enclosure of uses by nonconforming buildings shall be governed by the provisions of § 280-3.3.