Denmark Village City Zoning Code
ARTICLE VI
Off-Street Parking
§ 315-120 Applicability.
The following regulations shall apply minimum and maximum parking ratio standards for all zoning districts within the Village of Denmark.
§ 315-121 Purpose.
Parking and loading regulations are established to alleviate or prevent congestion of the public right-of-way, to provide for the parking and loading needs of uses and structures, to enhance the compatibility between parking and loading areas and their surroundings, and to regulate the number, design, maintenance, and location of required off-street parking and loading spaces and access driveways and aisles.
§ 315-122 General provisions.
The following regulations shall apply to all zone districts within the Village of Denmark:
A.
The design of parking lots and areas in the R-4, R-5, B-1, B-2, B-3, IN, I-1, and I-2 Zoning Districts shall be subject to site plan approval. Off-street parking for R-1, R-2, R-3, and RD-1 Districts is not subject to site plan approval.
B.
All parking spaces required to serve buildings or uses erected or established after the effective date of this article shall conform to the requirements within.
C.
Any application for a building permit, or for any certificate of occupancy, where no building permit is required, shall include therewith a site plan, drawn to scale and fully dimensional, showing any off-street parking or loading facilities to be provided in compliance with this article.
D.
All off-street parking facilities shall be designed with appropriate direct vehicular access to a street or alley in a manner which will least interfere with traffic movement.
E.
Existing parking and loading facilities shall not be reduced below the requirements of a similar new use or, if less than the requirements for a similar new use, they shall not be reduced further.
F.
When the use of a building or site is changed or the intensity of use is increased through the addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, capacity, or other unit of measurement used for determining parking and loading requirements, parking and loading facilities shall be provided for such change or intensification of use as specified in this chapter.
G.
The Plan Commission shall determine the minimum and maximum parking requirement for any uses that are not specified in this chapter.
H.
When a structure or structures have multiple uses, the minimum standards shall apply to each use.
I.
The minimum number of required off-street parking spaces shall be reduced by the number of on-street parking spaces abutting the property lines of the parcel(s).
J.
Required parking and loading spaces and the driveways providing access to them shall not be used for storage, display, sales, rental, or repair of motor vehicles or other goods.
K.
Required parking and loading spaces and the driveways providing access to them shall not be used for the storage of inoperable vehicles or snow.
L.
No commercial vehicle with a registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 10,000 pounds shall park in a lot zoned R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, or R-5 for more than 12 consecutive hours in a twenty-four-hour period.
M.
No commercial vehicle with a registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 10,000 pounds in a lot zoned R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, or R-5 shall idle for more than a one-hour period.
N.
All commercial vehicles with a registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 10,000 pounds parked in a lot zoned R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, or R-5 shall be parked behind the street yard line at all times.
§ 315-123 Parking standards.
A.
Parking stalls shall conform to the requirements of WisDOT SDD 15C36 Parking Stall Marking as shown in Subsection A(1) below and as updated from time to time.
(1)
Dimensional standards for parking stalls.
 |
B.
Any lighting used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be directed downward and away from residential properties and public streets in such a way as not to create a nuisance.
C.
All off-street parking lots shall adhere to Wisconsin Statutes as to requiring disabled parking.
D.
All driveways are means by which vehicles travel between the street and the approved parking spaces and are not to be considered for approved parking spaces.
E.
Parking areas for lots zoned R-4, B-1, I-1, and I-2 shall be located in the side yard or rear yard.
F.
No parking space or area including driveways shall be permitted within six feet of a property line in a side yard and/or 10 feet of a street right-of-way.
G.
All parking areas and appurtenant passageways and driveways shall be hard surfaced. Blacktopped and concrete parking lots are acceptable. All vehicles shall be parked on these surfaces.
H.
Parking area perimeters shall be provided with wheel guards, bumper guards, or continuous curbing so located that no part of parked vehicles will extend beyond the property line of the parking area.
I.
One wheel stop or similar device shall be placed at the end of each parking space for stalls on the perimeter of the parking area.
J.
All parking areas and appurtenant passageways and driveways serving commercial uses shall be illuminated adequately from the hours of sunset to sunrise when the use is in operation. Lighting shall be directed downward to prevent light pollution. Downward directional lighting and adequate shielding shall be provided by commercial uses to protect adjacent residential zones from the glare of such illumination and from that of automobile headlights.
K.
No building for which off-street parking space is required may be added to, structurally altered, or converted in use so as to encroach upon or reduce the parking space below the required minimum.
L.
Where a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this article, and provided that construction is begun within 12 months of such effective date and diligently pursued to completion, parking and loading facilities in the amounts required for the issuance of said building permit may be provided in lieu of any different amounts required by this article.
M.
When the intensity of use of any building, structure, or premises shall be increased through the addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other units of measurement specified herein for the required parking or loading facilities, then parking and loading facilities as required herein shall be provided for such increase in intensity of use and for at least 50% of any existing deficiency in parking or loading facilities.
N.
When determination of the number of off-street parking spaces required by this article results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of 1/2 of greater shall be counted as one parking space. Parking spaces required on an employee basis shall be based on the maximum number of employees on duty or residing, or both, on the premises at any one time.
O.
None of the off-street parking facilities required in this article shall be required for any existing building or use, unless said building or use shall be enlarged, in which case, the provisions of this article shall apply to the enlarged portion of the building or use.
P.
Accessory off-street parking facilities in existence on the effective date of this article and located on the same lot as the building or use served shall not hereafter be reduced below the requirements for a similar new building or use under the provisions of this article.
Q.
In any R-4, B-1, B-2, B-3, IN, I-1, or I-2 District wherever a lot abuts upon a public or private alley or street, sufficient loading space shall be provided on the lot or adjacent thereto in connection with any business or industrial use so that the alley or street shall at all times be free and unobstructed to the passage of traffic.
R.
In any R-4, B-1, B-2, B-3, IN, I-1, or I-2 District, wherever a lot abuts a single-family residential zoning district, areas shall be provided opaque screening.
S.
All parking areas containing five or more parking spaces shall include a turnaround area that is designed and located so that vehicles can enter and exit the parking area without backing onto a public right-of-way.
T.
Parking lots containing 10 or more parking spaces which are located in the R-1, R-2, R-3, or RD-1 District or adjacent to these districts shall be subject to site plan review. These parking lots shall be screened along the side or sides of such lot which abut the lot lines of the listed residential zoning lots by a solid wall, fence, evergreen planting or equivalent capacity or other equally effective means, built or maintained at a minimum height of four feet. If parking lots so located are lighted, the lights shall be so shielded as to prevent undesirable glare or illumination of adjoining residential property.
U.
Parking lots shall provide for safe and accessible pedestrianways to the principal use on the parcel.
V.
Large parking lots containing more than 15 parking spaces shall be bifurcated by landscaped islands and dedicated pedestrian corridors. These islands shall be used for stormwater management purposes.
W.
All parking areas shall be properly graded for drainage and maintained free of weeds, invasive species, dust, trash, and debris.
§ 315-124 Specific requirements for off-street parking.
A.
Minimum parking ratios.
(1)
The second column of the tables in this section establishes the minimum number of parking spaces required for the identified uses. Parking requirements may be met by one or more of the following methods:
(a)
On-site parking spaces. Only spaces that are designed consistently with the standards of this article are counted towards the minimum required parking. Spaces at or in queuing lines, gasoline pumps, bay doors, and other related features are not counted. Loading spaces are not counted.
(b)
Off-site parking with a relegated parking facility. Relegated parking facilities must conform to this article.
B.
Maximum parking ratios.
(1)
The third column of the tables in this section establishes the maximum number of parking spaces required for the identified uses. If a maximum parking space ratio applies, the number of parking spaces shall not exceed the maximum number permitted.
(2)
The maximum allowed spaces do not include accessible spaces required by the building code.
C.
Uses not listed. For uses not listed, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the appropriate parking standards based on the particular use.
Use or Activity | Minimum Vehicle Spaces | Maximum Vehicle Spaces | Minimum Bicycle Spaces |
|---|---|---|---|
Residential building | |||
Zero-lot-line/row house/townhouse | 1 per DU | 3 per DU | N/A |
Multifamily dwelling | 1 per DU | 3 per DU | 0.5 per DU |
Assisted living/skilled nursing/CBRF | 0.3 per room | 1 per room | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Single-room occupancy unit/other structurally converted buildings | 0.3 per room | 1 per room | 0.5 per DU |
Lodging | |||
Bed-and-breakfast, rooming/boardinghouse | 1 per guest room plus 2 spaces for owners | N/A | 0.5 per room |
Hotel, motel | 0.8 per room plus 1 per 800 square feet of public meeting area and restaurant space | 1 per room plus 1 per 400 square feet of public meeting area and restaurant space | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Commercial building | |||
Commercial center, department stores, discount stores, general retail stores, shops, grocery stores, markets | 1 per 100 square feet public sales area | 1.5 per 100 square feet gross sales area | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Restaurant, with alcoholic beverages | 1 per 75 square feet GFA | 1 per 50 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Gasoline station/auto repair and service structure/gasoline service/car care center/car wash/parts, accessories or tires | 1 per 500 square feet GFA, including service bays, wash tunnels and retail areas | 1 per 375 square feet GFA, including service bays, wash tunnels and retail areas | N/A |
Car, bus, truck, mobile home, large vehicle, bicycle, motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, boat or marine craft dealer | 1 per 375 square feet GFA of sales and service building | 1.5 per 375 square feet GFA of sales and service | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Beer, wine and liquor store (off-premises consumption of alcohol) | 1 per 300 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Convenience store or center | 6 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 10 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Office or bank building (no drive-through) | 1 per 250 square feet GFA | 1 per 140 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Office or bank building (with drive-through) | 1 per 1,500 square feet GFA plus required stacking spaces for drive-through | 5 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Office or store building (including with residence or office over storefront), research and development service (scientific, medical and technology) | 1 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Car, truck, trailer, recreational vehicle, etc., rental and leasing | 1 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Services to buildings and dwellings (pest control, janitorial, landscaping, carpet/upholstery cleaning, parking, and crating) | 1 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Bar, tavern, nightclub | 1 per 2 seats | 1 per 1.5 seats | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Industrial building and structure | |||
Light industrial structure and facility (not specifically listed) | 1 per 1,500 square feet GFA | 1 per 300 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Mill, factory, manufacturing plant, laboratory, specialized industrial facility, assembly and construction plant, process plant | 1 per 1,500 square feet GFA | 1 per 300 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Construction-related business | 1 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Warehouse or storage facility | |||
Self-service storage facility | 4 spaces plus 2 for manager | N/A | 1 per storage unit |
Warehouse (structure, produce, refrigerated or cold storage, distribution or transit, wholesale trade, storage service) | 1 per 600 square feet GFA | 1 per 350 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Tank farm | 1 per 600 square feet GFA | 1 per 350 square feet GFA | N/A |
Public assembly structure | |||
Fitness, recreational sport, gym or athletic club | 1.5 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 10 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Bowling, billiards, pool, etc. | 2 per lane | 4 per lane | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Places of worship | 1 per 8 seats | 1 per 1.5 seats | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Institutional or community facility | |||
Hospital/medical clinic | 1 per 400 square feet GFA | 1 per 100 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Social assistance, welfare, and charitable services (not specifically listed) | 1 per 250 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Child and youth service/child care institution (basic or specialized)/day-care center | 1 per 375 square feet GFA | 1.5 per 375 square feet GFA | N/A |
Community food service | 1 per 250 square feet GFA | 1 per 200 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Animal hospital, veterinary clinic | 1 per employee | N/A | N/A |
Grade school or middle school | 1 per classroom | 2 per classroom | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
High school | 1 per 10 students | 1 per 8 students | 1 per 10 students |
Library | 1 per 300 square feet GFA | 1 per 125 square feet GFA | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Museum, art gallery, and the like | 1 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 1.5 per 1,000 square feet GFA | 2 per 1,000 square feet GFA |
Public safety building | 1 per employee plus 1 per each 3 volunteer personnel on normal shift plus 1 per 200 square feet usable office space | N/A | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Cemetery or mausoleum | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Post office | 1 per employee | N/A | N/A |
Club or lodge | 1 per 3 persons | N/A | 1, plus 1 per 20 vehicle spaces |
Utility and other non-building structure | |||
Communication tower/radio, television or wireless transmitter/weather station or transmitter/environmental monitoring station | 1 per service employee | N/A | N/A |
Park, outdoor recreation | Determined by Plan Commission based upon proposed use | Determined by Plan Commission based upon proposed use | 1, plus 1 per 10 vehicle spaces |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | |||
Grain silo and other storage structure for grain and agricultural product | 1 per 1,500 square feet GFA | 1 per 300 square feet GFA | N/A |
Key: |
DU = Dwelling unit |
sf = Square feet |
GFA = Gross floor area |
N/A = Not applicable |
§ 315-125 Cooperative parking.
Off-site and off-street shared parking spaces, identified as cooperative parking, may be provided for two or more uses in a development or for two or more individual developments, subject to the following:
A.
The off-site, off-street parking facility is within 300 feet of the property.
B.
The parking demands of the individual uses, as determined by the Zoning Administrator based upon off-street parking requirements, are such that the total parking demand of all uses at any one time is less than the total parking stalls required.
C.
A written and recorded agreement between the owners and lessees is executed for a minimum of 20 years, approved by the Plan Commission as approved in § 315-125D below. A copy of the recorded document shall be submitted with the project to be kept on file with the Village of Denmark. Should the lease expire or terminate, the use for which the off-site parking was considered shall be considered nonconforming, and any and all approvals, including conditional use approvals, shall be subject to revocation.
D.
An application for approval of a cooperative parking plan shall be filed with the Village Clerk by the owners of the entire land area to be included in the cooperative parking plan, the owner or owners of all structures existing on such land area, and all parties having a legal interest in such land area and structures. Sufficient evidence to establish the status of applicants as owners or parties of interest shall be provided. The application shall include plans showing the location of uses or structures for which off-street parking facilities are required, the location of off-street parking facilities, and the schedule of times used by those sharing spaces in common.
E.
Any such plan may be amended or withdrawn if all land and structures remaining under such plan comply with all conditions and limitations of the plan, and all land and structures withdrawn from such plan comply with the regulations of this article.
F.
Any amendment, revision, termination, or withdrawal shall be submitted to the Village of Denmark for approval.
§ 315-126 Relegated parking.
On-site and off-street shared parking spaces, identified as relegated parking, may be provided for developments that contain a mix of uses on the same parcel in order to reduce the amount of parking using the following table, subject to the following:
A.
The minimum parking requirements shall be determined for each land use in the first column of the following table as if each were a different use.
B.
Each amount is multiplied by the corresponding percentages of each of the five time periods in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth columns of the following table.
C.
Calculate the total for each time period.
D.
The total with the highest value is the required minimum number of parking spaces.
Land Use | Weekdays | Weekends | Nighttime 12:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daytime 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. | Evening 5:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight | Daytime 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. | Evening 5:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight | ||
Office | 100% | 10% | 20% | 5% | 5% |
Industrial | 100% | 10% | 20% | 5% | 5% |
Commercial | 40% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 10% |
Retail | 60% | 90% | 100% | 70% | 5% |
Hotel | 75% | 100% | 75% | 100% | 75% |
Restaurant | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 10% |
Entertainment | 40% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 10% |
§ 315-127 Off-street loading requirements.
A.
General.
(1)
Truck loading facilities are required for structures containing uses devoted to businesses, industry, manufacturing, storage, warehousing, processing, offices, professional buildings, hotels, multifamily dwellings, hospitals, airports, railroad terminals, and any building of a commercial nature.
(2)
If a structure is enlarged, expanded, or changed, the structure shall not be used, occupied, or operated unless the structure has the minimum amount of off-street truck loading facilities that would apply if the increments were a separate structure.
(3)
Maintenance of off-street truck loading facilities shall be the responsibility of the property or the loading area operator and property owner of the land upon which the structure requiring the facilities is located.
B.
Size standards.
(1)
There shall be two sizes of off-street loading spaces:
(a)
Large spaces shall have an overhead clearance of at least 14 feet, shall be at least 12 feet wide, and shall be at least 50 feet long.
(b)
Small spaces shall have an overhead clearance of at least 10 feet, shall be at least eight feet wide, and shall be at least 20 feet long.
(2)
Access areas, maneuvering areas, platforms, and other appurtenances are excluded from these measurements.
C.
Location.
(1)
Off-street loading facilities shall be located on the same lot that the structure requiring the loading area is located.
(2)
Loading facilities that are available in a cooperative arrangement may be located on another site not more than 300 feet from the structure requiring the loading area.
(3)
Service entrances and service yards shall be located only in the rear or side yard.
(4)
Service yards shall be screened from adjacent residential property.
D.
Construction and maintenance. Off-street truck loading facilities shall be constructed, maintained, and operated using the following standards:
(1)
Areas shall be properly graded for drainage, surfaced with concrete or asphalt, and maintained free of weeds, invasive species, dust, trash, and debris.
(2)
Areas adjacent to residential structures shall be provided with a vegetative screen.
(3)
Lighting shall be arranged so that the source of the light is concealed from public view and concealed from adjacent residential uses at the lot line.
(4)
Lighting shall be arranged so that the source of light is concealed so that light does not interfere with traffic on adjacent rights-of-way.
(5)
Areas shall be provided with entrances and exits so located as to minimize traffic congestion.
E.
Combined facility. Off-street loading facilities for two or more structures may be satisfied by the permanent allocation of the required number of spaces for each use in a combined truck loading facility.
(1)
The total number of spaces in a combined truck loading facility shall be at least the sum of the individual requirements unless the Plan Commission determines that a lesser number of spaces will be adequate.
(2)
In determining the number of revised spaces, the Plan Commission shall consider the frequency of usage of the truck loading facilities by the individual users and the character of the goods.
F.
Minimum requirements. The minimum truck loading spaces shall be provided for in all districts using the table in this subsection.
Square Feet of Gross Floor Area in Structure | Required Number of Spaces |
|---|---|
0 through 12,500 | 1 small |
12,501 through 25,000 | 2 small |
25,001 through 40,000 | 1 large |
40,001 through 100,000 | 2 large |
For every 80,000 over 100,000 | 1 extra large |
§ 315-128 Bicycle parking.
A.
General.
(1)
Bicycle parking shall be required for all lots in the R-4, B-1, B-2, B-3, IN, I-1, or I-2 District.
(2)
The minimum number of required spaces for each use, structure, and facility shall meet or exceed the minimum bicycle spaces required in this chapter.
B.
Design.
(1)
Bicycle spaces may be provided through parking spaces or bicycle storage racks.
(2)
Bicycle parking shall be at least 2.5 feet in length, with a minimum overhead clearance of eight feet.
(3)
Racks and other fixtures used to provide bicycle parking must be securely affixed to the ground and allow bicycles to be locked and chained.
(4)
The design of bicycle racks and fixtures shall be included in final site plans and approved by the Plan Commission.
(5)
Bicycle parking areas shall be clearly marked on site plans.
C.
Location.
(1)
Bicycle spaces may be located indoors or outdoors.
(2)
Bicycle spaces shall be located within 50 feet of the primary entrance.
(3)
Bicycle spaces shall not be located behind any wall, shrubbery, or visual obstruction lying between the principal structure and the bicycle parking.
(4)
Areas used for required bicycle parking must be paved, drained, well lit, and maintained.
(5)
Spaces used within offices and on balconies that are not accessible to all users shall not be counted toward required parking.