Definitions.
AREA OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARDIs the land in the floodplain within a community subject to a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year. The Zone may be designated as Zone A or AE.
BASE FLOODMeans the flood having a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
DEVELOPMENTMeans any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to building or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or storage of equipment or materials (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
FLOOD BOUNDARY AND FLOODWAY MAPMeans an official map of a community issued by FEMA that depicts, based on detailed analyses, the boundaries of the 100-year and 500-year floods and the 100-year floodway. (For maps done in 1987 and later, the floodway designation is included on the FIRM.)
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP (FHBM.)An official map of a community issued by the Federal Insurance Administrator, where the boundaries of the flood and related erosion areas having special hazards have been designated as Zone A or E (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)Means an official map of a community on which FEMA has delineated both the areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDYMeans an examination, evaluation, and determination of flood hazards and, if appropriate, corresponding water surface elevations, or an examination, evaluation and determination of flood-related erosion hazards.
FLOODWAYThe channel of the river, creek or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height (Base Code, Chapter 2, Section 202).
FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT USEMeans a use which cannot perform its intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water. The term includes only docking facilities, port facilities that are necessary for the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, and shipbuilding and ship repair facilities, but does not include long-term storage or related manufacturing facilities (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59; also Referenced Standard ASCE 24-14).
HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADEMeans the highest natural elevation of the ground surface prior to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
HISTORIC STRUCTUREMeans any structure that is:
(1) Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places (a listing maintained by the Department of the Interior) or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as meeting the requirements for individual listing on the National Register;
(2) Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a district preliminarily determined by the Secretary to qualify as a registered historic district;
(3) Individually listed on a state inventory of historic places in states with historic preservation programs which have been approved by the Secretary of the Interior; or
(4) Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places in communities with historic preservation programs that have been certified either:
(a) By an approved state program as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; or
(b) Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without approved programs (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
LOWEST FLOORMeans the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement or cellar). An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement area is not considered a building's lowest floor, provided that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of NFIP Regulations 60.3.
MANUFACTURED HOMEMeans a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities. For floodplain management purposes, the term "manufactured home" also includes park trailers and other similar vehicles placed on-site for greater than 180 consecutive days. For insurance purposes, the term "manufactured home" does not include park trailers, travel trailers, and other similar vehicles.
NEW CONSTRUCTIONStructures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of the first floodplain management code, regulation, ordinance, or standard adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, including any subsequent improvements to such structures. New construction includes work determined to be substantial improvement (Referenced Standard ASCE 24-14).
RECREATIONAL VEHICLEMeans a vehicle which is:
(1) Built on a single chassis;
(2) Four hundred square feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection;
(3) Designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a light-duty truck; and
(4) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAThe land area subject to flood hazards and shown on a Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard map as Zone A, AE, A1-30, A99, AR, AO, AH, V, VO, VE or V1-30 (Base Code, Chapter 2, Section 202).
START OF CONSTRUCTION(1) The date of issuance for new construction and substantial improvements to existing structures, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, placement or other improvement is within 180 days after the date of issuance. The actual "start of construction" means the first placement of permanent construction of a building (including a manufactured home) on a site, such as the pouring of a slab or footings, installation of pilings or construction of columns.
(2) Permanent construction does not include land preparation (such as clearing, excavation, grading or filling), the installation of streets or walkways, excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations, the erection of temporary forms or the installation of accessory buildings such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main building. For a substantial improvement, the actual "start of construction" means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building (Base Code, Chapter 2, Section 202).
STRUCTUREMeans, for floodplain management purposes, a walled and roofed building, including a gas or liquid storage tank, that is principally aboveground, as well as a manufactured home (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGEMeans damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before-damaged condition would equal or exceed 50% of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENTMeans any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure either:
(1) Before the improvement or repair is started; or
(2) If the structure has been damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred. For the purposes of this definition, substantial improvement is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure.
SUBSTANTIAL REPAIR OF A FOUNDATIONWhen work to repair or replace a foundation results in the repair or replacement of a portion of the foundation with a perimeter along the base of the foundation that equals or exceeds 50% of the perimeter of the base of the foundation measured in linear feet, or repair or replacement of 50% of the piles, columns or piers of a pile-, column- or pier-supported foundation, the Building Official shall determine it to be substantial repair of a foundation. Applications determined by the Building Official to constitute substantial repair of a foundation shall require all existing portions of the entire building or structure to meet the requirements of 780 CMR (as amended by MA in 9th Edition BC).
VARIANCEMeans a grant of relief by a community from the terms of a floodplain management regulation (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
VIOLATIONMeans the failure of a structure or other development to be fully compliant with the community's floodplain management regulations. A structure or other development without the elevation certificate, other certifications, or other evidence of compliance required in Section 60.3(b)(5), (c)(4), (c)(10), (d)(3), (e)(2), (e)(4), or (e)(5) is presumed to be in violation until such time as that documentation is provided (US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59).
ZONE AMeans an area of special flood hazard without water surface elevations determined.
ZONE A99Means area of special flood hazard where enough progress has been made on a protective system, such as dikes, dams, and levees, to consider it complete for insurance rating purposes (flood elevations may not be determined).
ZONE AHMeans areas of special flood hazards having shallow water depths and/or unpredictable flow paths between one foot and three feet, and with water surface elevations determined.
ZONE AOMeans area of special flood hazards having shallow water depths and/or unpredictable flow paths between one foot and three feet (velocity flow may be evident; such flooding is characterized by ponding or sheet flow).
ZONE B, C, AND XMeans areas of minimal or moderate flood hazards or areas of future-conditions flood hazard (Zone X replaces Zones B and C on new and revised maps).
ZONE VArea of special flood hazards without water surface elevations determined, and with velocity that is inundated by tidal floods (coastal high hazard area).
ZONE V1-30 and ZONE VEFor new and revised maps, means area of special flood hazards, with water surface elevations determined and with velocity that is inundated by tidal floods (coastal high hazard area).