No land shall be used and no building shall be erected, enlarged or used in any district in the City, except as provided here, unless off-street parking and loading facilities are provided in accordance with the requirements of this Article.

Structures and land uses in existence or for which building permits have been issued at the date of adoption of this Unified Development Code shall not be subject to the requirements of this Article so long as the kind or extent of use is not changed.

Whenever there is an alteration of a structure, addition to a structure or a change or extension of use which increases the parking requirements by twenty-five percent (25%) or more according to the standards of this Article, whether such increases occur at one time or in successive stages, the total parking required for the entire structure or use shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this Article.

The parking of any vehicle shall not occur on lawn areas, unpaved public rights-of-way or other unpaved locations in District "R-R", "R-1", "R-2", "R-3" and "R-4". Parking shall be limited to areas that are hard-surfaced and shall generally be located in close relationship to the garage or otherwise vehicle orientated portion of the premises so that the lawn area may be maintained in grass, trees and shrubs. Parking of trucks, in excess of one (1) ton or more, or buses in any zoning area with an "R" (residential) designation is prohibited; provided that said vehicles may be parked in conjunction with deliveries, trucks may be parked in an enclosed garage, construction trucks may be parked when construction work is actually in progress in connection with the premises, and trucks may be parked on the premises in connection with any emergency.

Compact To Standard Stall Ratio. The maximum ratio of compact stalls to standard stall in any parking area shall not exceed 1:3. Compact stall dimensions shall be minimum eight (8) feet by fifteen (15) feet.

Grading. Driveways and parking spaces shall be smoothly graded, adequately drained and constructed with suitable subgrade base.

Drainage. All off-street parking, loading areas and access drives shall be planned, engineered and constructed to ensure proper drainage of surface water.

Surface Materials. All off-street parking, loading areas and access drives shall have a durable and dust-free surface paved with asphaltic or concrete pavement. All parking facilities shall be constructed with paving in accordance with City standards.

Curbing. All off-street driving, loading and parking areas shall be constructed with poured-in-place concrete curb except for single- and two-family dwellings.

Striping. All parking stalls shall be striped substantially. An exception is given for a private garage or parking area for the exclusive use by a single-family or two-family dwelling.

Lighting Illumination Requirements. See Article XXIV, Site Development Standards, Section 405.695, Outdoor Lighting Standards.

Landscaping. See Article XXVI, Landscaping Regulations, Section 405.760(D), Parking Lot.

Cross Access Encouraged. Applicants for commercial and industrial developments should be encouraged to provide cross access to adjacent non-residential properties for convenience, safety and efficient circulation of motor vehicles.

Parking space sizes and aisle widths shall comply with the requirements of Table 12, unless modifications are recommended in accordance with the required site plan review under Article IV.

Parking spaces shall be oriented such that any vehicle exiting a parking space is not required to back onto any public street. Wheel or bumper blocks shall be provided, located and arranged so that no part of any parked vehicle extends beyond the boundaries of the parking area and to ensure that the vehicle overhang does not obstruct sidewalks or other walking areas.

A portion of the required off-street parking spaces shall be specifically designated, located and reserved for use by persons with physical disabilities in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities.

Storage Of Inoperable Or Unlicensed Vehicles. See Chapter 215, Nuisances, Article IV, Leaving Disabled or Damaged Motor Vehicle or Junk on Street or Private Property.

Location Of Parking Facilities. All parking spaces required to serve structures or uses shall be located on the same zoning lot as the structure or use served unless a conditional use permit is obtained under Article IV.

Maintenance Of Parking Facilities. Parking facilities shall be kept clean, plowed and free from rubbish, debris and snow. All plant materials shall be maintained in a healthy condition and whenever necessary shall be replaced with new plant materials to ensure continued compliance with any applicable screening requirements. All surfaces, lighting, fences, barriers and walls shall be maintained in good repair and whenever necessary shall be replaced.

When a determination of the number of off-street parking spaces results in a requirement of a fractional space, the fraction of one-half (1/2) or less may be disregarded and a fraction in excess of one-half (1/2) shall be counted as one (1) parking space.

Any use not included in the parking requirements of this Section shall be determined by the Planning and Zoning Commission.

For every building, structure or part thereof intended or used for manufacturing, warehousing, retailing, wholesaling or other uses involving receipt or distribution of vehicles, materials, supplies or merchandise, there shall be provided and maintained on the lot adequate space for standing, loading and unloading services.

Such loading and unloading space shall be an area at least fourteen (14) feet by fifty (50) feet with eighteen (18) foot height clearance and shall be provided according to the following table: