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Lansing Township City Zoning Code

CHAPTER 84

- PARKING AND LOADING PROVISIONS

Section 84-1.- Definitions.

The word "erected" as used in connection with any required off-street parking or loading shall be construed to refer only to such buildings as may be entirely newly erected after the effective date of this provision, and all subsequent amendments, but shall not be construed to refer to additions or alterations to buildings which exist on the effective date of this provision that increase the bulk of said buildings less than 50 percent, nor to cases of 50 percent, or less, demolition, destruction or condemnation, as set forth in section 86-7 of this title.

"Floor area" is the sum of the gross horizontal areas of the several floors of a building or buildings, measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating two buildings.

"Floor area, usable." For the purposes of computing parking requirements, floor area shall be considered as that area to be used for the sale of merchandise or services; serving patrons, clients or customers; or warehouse and storage areas. Such floor area which is used or intended to be used principally as stairways, elevator shafts, mechanical rooms or sanitary facilities shall be excluded from this computation of usable floor area. Usable floor area shall be measured from the interior faces of the exterior walls, and total usable floor area for a building shall include the sum of the usable floor area for all floors.

In the case of multiple uses, parking shall be computed on the actual usable floor area of each use.

(Ord. No. 31.127, § 1, 7-30-91; Ord. No. 31.170, § 1, 4-4-18)

Section 84-2. - Loading space.

On the same premises with every building, structure, or part thereof, erected, enlarged, or changed in use for purposes indicated in the following table or other uses similarly involving the receipt or distribution by vehicles of materials or merchandise, there shall be provided and permanently maintained adequate space for standing, loading, and unloading services in order to avoid undue interference with public use of the streets or alleys and, thus, help relieve traffic congestion.

Section 84-2.1. Required off-street loading space. Accessory off-street loading spaces, each being not less than 12 feet in width, 25 feet in length, and 14 feet in height, open or enclosed, shall be provided for all permitted uses in conformity with the following table:

Type of Use For Floor Area
(in square feet) 		Required Berths*
Commercial uses. Retail stores, personal services establishments, amusement, automotive service First 2,000 none
Next 15,000 or fraction thereof 1
Next 15,000 or major fraction thereof 1
Next 20,000 or major fraction thereof 1
Each additional 40,000 or major fraction 1
Hotels or offices First 2,000 none
Next 50,000 or fraction thereof 1
Each additional 100,000 or major fraction 1
Wholesale and storage establishments, building material or contractor's yards First 20,000 or fraction thereof 1
Each additional 20,000 or major fraction thereof 1
Manufacturing First 20,000 or fraction thereof 1
Each additional 20,000 or fraction thereof 1
Undertakers or funeral parlors First 5,000 or fraction thereof 1
Each additional 10,000 or fraction thereof 1
Hospitals** First 10,000 none
Each additional 200,000 or fraction thereof 1
Schools, churches, clubs, public assembly buildings For each building 1

 

*Whenever any use specified in the table is located on an open lot, the requirements set forth in the table for floor area shall apply to the lot area used for such use.

**Requirements in this table are in addition to area utilized for ambulance parking.

Section 84-2.2. Plans. Detailed plans shall be submitted [to] the planning and development department [on] how the off-street loading space shall be arranged and to indicate sufficient space for maneuvering as well as adequate ingress and egress to and from the street subject to review before any permits are issued or approved.

Section 84-2.3. Site requirements. Off-street loading space and access drives shall be paved, drained, lighted and shall have appropriate bumper or wheel guards where needed, and any light used for illumination shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from adjoining premises and streets. Where any off-street loading space adjoins or abuts a lot or premises used for residential, educational, recreational or religious purposes or abuts a residential zone there shall be provided a masonry wall having a height of not less than four feet between the off-street loading space and said residential, educational, recreational or religious premises or residential zone.

Section 84-2.4. Joint use. Nothing in this title shall be construed to prevent the joint use of off-street loading space for two or more buildings or uses on the same or contiguous premises if the total of such spaces when used together shall not be less than the sum of the requirements for the various individual uses computed separately in accordance with the provisions of this title.

(Ord. No. 31.170, § 1, 4-4-18)

Section 84-3. - Off-street parking.

Hereafter no building shall be erected or altered and no land used unless there be provided adequate off-street parking space or spaces for the needs of the tenants, personnel, and patrons together with means of ingress and egress. The space may be provided in a building, or in the open.

Section 84-3.1. General rules. Off-street parking requirements shall be met within the following general provisions:

(1)

Loading spaces as required in section 84-2 shall not be construed as supplying off-street parking space.

(2)

When units of measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including one-half shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half shall require one parking space.

(3)

Whenever a use requiring off-street parking is increased in floor area, or other unit of measure, and such use is located in a building existing on or before the effective date of this title, additional parking shall be provided and maintained in amount hereafter specified for that use, subject to provisions of section 84-1.

(4)

Off-street parking facilities for single or two-family residential uses shall be located on the same lot, or parcel as the building they are intended to serve.

(5)

In the case of a use not specifically mentioned, the requirements of off-street parking facilities for a use which is so mentioned and similar in character to the use not listed shall apply.

(6)

No parking shall be permitted in yards around the house except upon the driveway. The officers of the police department, code enforcement officer or township board designee may enforce this subprovision in the same manner as the planning and development department.

(7)

Wheel stops shall be provided and located so as to prevent any vehicle from projecting over lot lines, required setbacks or sidewalks.

(8)

Section 85.11.2 (4) a through 85.11.2 (4) j shall also apply. (Ord. No. 31.100, § 1, 5-14-85; Ord. No. 31.104, § 1, 3-4-86; Ord. No. 31.127, § 1, 7-30-91; Ord. No. 31.159, §§ 1, 2, 3-23-04)

Section 84-3.2. Collective parking. Parking spaces required for non-residential uses may be reduced in the total number of required parking spaces for two or more uses jointly providing off-street parking when their respective hours of peak operation do not overlap. Shared parking shall be located within 300 of the building it is intended to serve, and determined based on the following:

(1)

Computation. The number of shared spaces for two or more distinguishable land uses shall be determined by the following procedure:

a.

Determine the number of spaces required by each use based on square footage of usable floor area and the ratio of spaces per square feet provided within the table in section 84-3.3.

b.

Multiply the minimum parking required, calculated above, for each individual use, as set for in the table below, by the appropriate percentage indicated in the table, for each of the six designated time periods.

c.

Add the resulting sums for each of the six columns or time periods.

d.

Select the column or time period with the highest total parking requirement, based on the above calculation, and use that total as the minimum shared parking requirement.

General Land Use Classification Weekdays Weekends
2:00 a.m.—
7:00 a.m. 		7:00 a.m.—
6:00 p.m. 		6:00 p.m.—
2:00 a.m. 		2:00 a.m.—
7:00 a.m. 		7:00 a.m.—
6:00 p.m. 		6:00 p.m.—
2:00 a.m.
Office/warehouse/industrial 5% 100% 5% 0% 10% 0%
Retail sales and services 0% 90% 80% 0% 100% 60%
Restaurant (not 24-hour) 10% 70% 100% 20% 70% 100%
Residential 100% 60% 100% 100% 75% 90%
Theatre 0% 40% 90% 0% 80% 100%
Hotel: Guest rooms (calculate conference and restaurant facilities separately) 100% 55% 100% 100% 55% 100%
Conference/convention facilities 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100%
Place of worship 0% 25% 50% 0% 100% 50%
School, grades K—12 0% 100% 25% 0% 30% 10%
Community center, library, museum 0% 100% 80% 0% 100% 80%

 

(2)

Not more than 50 percent of the off-street parking facilities required for theatres, churches, bowling alleys, dancehalls, and establishments for the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, food, or refreshments may be supplied by off-street parking facilities provided for other buildings or uses.

(3)

Other uses. If one or more of the uses proposing shared parking is not found in the table above, the applicant shall submit sufficient data to indicate the principal operating hours of the uses. Based on this information, the zoning administrator shall determine appropriate shared parking requirement for uses in the calculation (1) above.

(4)

The shared parking spaces shall be maintained as long as the uses they serve are in operation.

(5)

The property owner or owners shall sign and record, with the register of deeds, a shared parking agreement that includes:

a.

For two or more separately owned properties, a copy of a written, legally binding agreement providing for the shared use of a parking (guaranteeing access to, use of, and management of designated parking spaces), shall be filed with the zoning administrator within a reasonable amount of time following execution.

b.

Where a shared parking application includes two or more properties owned by the same person or entity, a sworn, notarized statement shall be submitted to the zoning administrator, representing that, in the event of any change of ownership of any of the participating properties, a written, legally binding agreement providing for the continued use of shared parking (guaranteeing access to, use of, and management of designated parking spaces), will be entered into with subsequent owners and a copy provided to the zoning administrator, with copies of all amended, renewed, replacement, or successor agreements filed with the zoning administrator within a reasonable amount of time following execution.

(6)

The required off-street parking for a particular use may be reduced by a proportionate share through the use of any publicly owned parking lot within 300 feet of street travel, or for which it has been assessed.

Section 84-3.3. Amount of space. The number of required off-street parking spaces for new buildings or buildings used for new purposes, additions thereto, and additions to existing buildings as specified, shall be determined in accordance with the following minimum parking provisions:

Use Required Parking Space
Residential
1. One- and two-family dwellings Two parking spaces for each family dwelling unit
2. Multiple dwellings Two parking spaces per dwelling unit
3. Residential rental properties Refer to section 69A-10
4. Mobile home park One space for each occupant of legal driving age (refer to Section 69A-10)
5. Boarding houses and lodging houses, fraternities, private clubs One space for each occupant of legal driving age
6. Senior independent housing Two spaces for each unit
7. Assisted living One space for each two beds, plus one space per employee based on maximum employment shift. Should the units revert to general occupancy, the required parking shall be two spaces per unit
Institutional
8. Auditoriums (incidental to schools), churches, theaters, buildings of similar uses with fixed seats One space for each four persons allowed under maximum occupancy, provided by the architect, plus one space per on-duty employee based on maximum employment shift
9. Nursing home, orphanage, or similar use One parking space for each five beds, plus one space per on-duty employee based on maximum employment shift, including doctors and nurses
10. Library, museum, post office, and noncommercial gallery One space per 400 square feet of usable floor area, plus one space for each employee based on maximum employment shift
11. Hospitals One parking space for each three patient beds; plus one space for each staff or visiting doctor; plus one space for each employee or volunteer based on maximum shift
12. Clinics, medical offices, dental offices, and urgent care Three spaces for each exam room, plus one space for each employee and professional
13. Elementary and junior high schools with bus service One space for each teacher, administrator, and employee; additional parking required for an auditorium and/or gymnasium
14. Elementary and junior high schools without bus service One space for each teacher, administrator, and employee; additional parking required for an auditorium; one stacking space for every three students, not to interfere with parking spaces or fire lanes. Stacking spaces may be reduced based on school operations by Zoning Administrator
15. High schools One for each teacher, employee, and administrator; plus one for each ten students. Plus the requirements of the auditorium, assembly hall, or gymnasium provided at a rate 50% of the requirements for those uses as specified herein
16. Colleges, universities, and business or trade schools One per three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county, or state fire, building, or health codes
17. Stadia and sports arenas One for each three seats and one for each one employee under maximum employment shift
18. Dance and union halls, civic clubs, fraternal orders, exhibit halls, ballrooms, banquet halls, conference centers, or any similar type of use. One per three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes, plus one space per employee based on maximum employment shift
19. Mortuaries or funeral homes 20 spaces for each 1000 square feet in service parlors, chapels and reception areas, plus one for each funeral vehicle stored on the premises
20. Public utility uses One per on-duty employee based on maximum employment shift, plus one for each utility vehicle stored on site.
Commercial
21. Hotel, motel, or other commercial lodging One space each for 80% of total guest rooms, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift, plus the amount required for accessory uses provided at the rate of 50% or the requirements for such uses as specified herein
23. Retail stores and centers, except as otherwise specified herein, less than 25,000 square feet Five spaces for each 1000 square feet of usable floor area
23. Retail stores and centers, except as otherwise specified herein, 25,000 square feet or greater Four spaces for each 1000 square feet of usable floor area
24. Retail centers with retail shopping mall (enclosed) Five spaces for each 1000 square feet of usable retail floor area plus four spaces for each 1000 square feet of enclosed concourse area
25. Establishments for sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, food or refreshments, including outdoor patio seating One space for each 50 square feet of usable floor area, plus one for every 4 seats, plus one per employee on maximum shift. Ratios may be altered by Zoning Administrator based on limiting occupancy when supported by unique operational plan
26. Establishments for sale and consumption of food or refreshments, without alcohol, including outdoor patio seating One space for each 75 square feet of usable floor area, plus one for every four seats, plus one per employee on maximum shift. Ratios may be altered by zoning administrator based on limiting occupancy when supported by unique operational plan
27. Drive-through takeout restaurants and drive-through windows for eating establishments Ten stacking spaces, plus a bypass lane, plus any required spaces for the restaurant to which the drive-through is accessory. Stacking spaces shall not encumber parking lot circulation or required spaces
28. Carry-out restaurants One per 200 square feet of usable floor area, plus one space per employee based on maximum employment shift
29. Office without client visits (general) One space for each 250 square feet of usable floor area
30. Office with regular client visits (professional) One for each 200 square feet of usable floor area
31. Business and professional office, greater than 50,000 square feet One for each 300 square feet of usable floor area
32. Radio or television station or studio One per employee based on maximum employment shift, plus any required spaces for an auditorium or public seating space with a studio
33. Banks, credit unions, savings and loan establishments, pharmacies, cleaners, tailors, and similar businesses One per 250 square feet of usable floor area, plus one space for each employee on maximum employment shift, plus five stacking spaces for the first drive-through window or ATM lane, and two for each thereafter
34. Furniture and appliance stores, household equipment or furniture repair or service shops, hardware and paint stores One space for each 500 square feet of usable floor area, plus one per employee according to maximum employment shift
35. Beauty parlors, barbershops, tanning salons, massage therapists, nail salons, tattoo and piercing parlors Two spaces for each tanning bed, massage table, workstation, beauty parlor and/or barbershop chair; plus one for each employee according to maximum employment shift
36. Laundromats and coin-operated dry cleaners One for each two washing machines, plus one space for each on-site employee based on maximum employment shift
37. Child care centers One space for every eight children, plus one space for each employee under maximum employment shift. One stacking space for every five children, not to interfere with parking spaces or fire lanes, if curbside pick-up is allowed
38. Automobile sales One space for every 400 square feet of usable floor area in the showroom, one space for each automobile, recreational vehicle or trailer for sale, one space for every employee on the maximum shift, and additional two spaces for each service stall in the service area if applicable
39. Motor vehicle repair Three spaces for each repair and service stall, plus one for every employee based on maximum employment shift
40. Automotive detail shops and auto body shops Five spaces for each service area, plus one for each employee based on maximum employment shift
41. Drive-through carwashes, automatic One space per employee based on maximum employment shift, plus ten stacking spaces per automatic wash operation or line. A 30-foot long drying space shall also be provided at the exit of each washing line to prevent undue amounts of water from collecting on the public street and creating a traffic hazard
42. Drive-in carwashes, self-service Two stacking spaces per wash bay at the entrance, and one space at the exit
43. Full-service gasoline stations, Quick Lubes, and self-service gas stations One per employee based on maximum employment shift, plus one per fueling location, one stacking space per two fueling locations, two spaces per service repair bay, and any required spaces for permitted accessory or associated uses (restaurants, convenience stores, etc.)
44. Athletic facilities, health clubs, fitness clubs, dance studios, personal training facilities, swimming clubs, tennis clubs, gymnasiums One per three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, plus one space per employee based on maximum employment shift
45. Bowling alleys Four spaces for each lane plus one space for each employee on the largest working shift, plus any required spaces for permitted accessory or associated uses (restaurants, retail stores, etc.)
46. Private golf clubs, golf courses, and par three golf courses Four spaces for each hole plus one space for each employee based on maximum employment shift, plus amount required for accessory uses
47. Driving ranges One per tee, plus one per employee based on maximum employment shift
48. Miniature golf courses Three per golf hole plus one space per employee based on maximum employment shift
49. Greenhouses without retail and medical marijuana indoor growing facilities One parking space per employee based on maximum employment shift, plus one visitor parking space for every 2,500 square feet
50.  Warehouses, wholesale stores, storage areas, contractor facilities, on-site equipment storage, and truck terminals One space for each 800 square feet of usable floor area plus one for each employee based on maximum employment shift, plus one per fleet vehicle or equipment vehicle stored on site
51. Industrial establishments, including manufacturing, research and testing laboratories, creameries, bottling works, printing and engraving shops One space for each employee based on maximum employment shift, plus one for each company vehicle stored on the premises, plus three visitor parking space for the first 10,000 square feet of usable floor area or portion thereof, and one space for every additional 10,000 square feet
52. Miniwarehouses to include a building or group of buildings that contain varying sizes of individual, compartmentalized stalls or lockers Five spaces per development plus two spaces for a full-time caretaker, one per employee based on maximum employment shift, and one space for every 20 storage units. Access to individual storage units shall provide for loading/unloading of vehicles adjacent to units without impeding internal traffic flow

 

(Ord. No. 31.100, § 1, 5-14-85; Ord. No. 31.113, § 1, 1-5-88; Ord. No. 31.119, § 1, 6-21-88; Ord. No. 31.127, § 1, 7-30-91)

Section 84-3.3a. Where a use is not specifically listed in a schedule of parking requirements, the parking requirements of a similar use shall apply. The zoning administrator shall make the interpretation. (Ord. No. 31.100, § 1, 5-14-85)

Section 84-3.4. Existing parking. Any building used for an existing purpose which meets the parking requirements of this title on the effective date thereof or at any subsequent time shall continue to comply fully with all the requirements hereof. Any new buildings constructed or existing buildings used for new purposes after the effective date of this title shall comply fully with the requirements of section 84-3.3. Any building used for an existing purpose which partially meets the requirements of this title on the effective date thereof or any subsequent time shall thereafter continue to comply as nearly with these requirements as the highest degree of compliance reached. (Ord. No. 31.100, § 1, 5-14-85)

Section 84-3.5. General requirements.

(1)

The parking space required in section 84-3 and its subdivisions shall be used only for the parking of vehicles used to service the establishment to which it is accessory and by its patrons.

(2)

No charge shall be made for parking to the customers, employees, or visitors of the establishment providing the parking facilities.

(3)

No business involving the repairs or services to vehicles permitted thereon, or sale or display thereof, shall be conducted from or upon such premises.

(4)

No advertising signs shall be erected on required parking spaces except that not more than one directional sign at each point of ingress or egress may be erected which may also bear the name of the operator of the lot and enterprise it is intended to serve. Such signs shall not exceed 20 square feet in area nor an overall height above the ground of 15 feet and shall not project beyond the property line of the premises.

(5)

A suitable means of ingress or egress for vehicles to premises used for parking shall be provided, and shall open directly from and to a public street, alley, or highway. Exits from parking lots serving nonresidential uses, which are adjoining or opposite property zoned for residential purposes shall not exceed 25 feet in width in the aggregate onto a residential street. The location of all entrances and exits shall be approved by the planning and development department, along with appropriate road agencies, prior to the granting of any permit therefor.

(6)

All parking lots shall be surfaced with a hard or semi-hard, dust-free surface.

(7)

All parking lots in commercial and multi-family residential (excluding single and two-family) zones shall be lighted after dark throughout the hours when they are accessible to the public. Such lighting shall not exceed an intensity of ten footcandles nor shall it be less than one footcandle at pavement level, with a total average of five footcandles on the site. The installation of such lighting shall be so hooded or shielded as to reflect the light away from abutting or neighboring property.

(8)

Whenever a parking lot in a nonresidential zone abuts a lot zoned for residential use there shall be placed an approved four-foot-high masonry wall or fence along the mutual boundary; provided, that the wall or fence shall be reduced to three feet in height between the front property line and a point 25 feet back from the front property corner of the residential property.

(9)

For every 20 parking spaces required, or fraction thereof, one space may be dedicated to electric vehicles only and still count toward the required number of spaces.

(10)

It shall be unlawful for any person to push or deposit snow, or cause snow to be pushed or deposited from his/her own personal driveway or parking area into the public streets and/or right-of-way so as to cause a nuisance or obstruction. The township may cause such deposits of snow to be removed from the street, and the cost of such removal shall be charged to the property owner.

No person, firm, corporation, property owner or occupant shall remove snow or ice from any parcel of real estate and place it upon another parcel of real estate without the express permission of the owner of the parcel of real estate upon which the snow or ice is to be placed.

No person, firm, corporation or partnership or the owner, tenant, lessee or occupant of any premises having parking spaces reserved for vehicles, or any contractor employed for the removal of snow and ice, shall block access to parking spaces reserved for vehicles by the plowing, piling or placement of snow and ice in such reserved spaces.

All snow shall be cleared from parking aisles and parking spaces within 24 hours of snowfall, and snow shall not be stored in any parking space, parking aisle, driveway, or sidewalk.

Section 84-3.6. Restricted accessory parking for commercial and industrial areas. The township board may permit accessory parking for commercial and industrial purposes within an adjacent residential zone under the following conditions and safeguards:

(1)

A public hearing is held by the township board in accordance with the procedure given in section 88-2.4.

(2)

All of the requirements, except those conflicting with this section, given in section 84-3.5, are enforced.

(3)

No parking shall be permitted between the street line and the building line established by the required minimum front yard depth in the zone in which such lot is located. The resulting open area shall be planted to grass, or otherwise landscaped to create a permanent green area.

(4)

An approved four-foot-high masonry wall or fence shall be built along the mutual boundary of the restricted accessory parking area and adjacent land zoned to a residential classification except for the boundary included within a required front yard. (See next item.)

(5)

Whenever a lot located in a residential zone and used for accessory parking purposes is located across the street from other land in any residential zone, that portion of the lot used for parking purposes shall be enclosed with an approved four-foot-high masonry wall or fence placed along the building line.

(6)

Ingress and egress for vehicles to premises used for parking shall be provided and shall be by means of streets or alleys through the business or industrial property, the alley adjacent to the business and residential property, or by means of streets adjacent to such parking premises where such means of ingress and egress can be established adjacent to an alley and not adjacent to land designated for residential use.

Section 84-3.7. Plot plan to be filed. Each owner, occupant, or person in charge of any building, or premises for which off-street parking facilities are required or permitted, under the provisions of this chapter, shall be required to file a plot plan for approval of the parking area proposed at least ten days prior to the use of such parking area. Such plot plan shall show the boundaries of the property involved, the location and size of building or buildings on said property, use of property parking spaces, circulation patterns and construction plan for boundary walls or fences as approved.

(Ord. No. 31.170, § 1, 4-4-18)