(a)   Parking or Loading Spaces Established Prior to Adoption or Amendment of this Zoning Ordinance. Any parking or loading spaces established prior to the adoption or amendment of this Zoning Ordinance shall be governed by any certified Development Plan or approved site plan, as acted upon by the Planning Commission or Board of Adjustment.

(b)   Permit Requirement. Permits are required for private walkways, parking, loading or unloading areas. Such permits shall not be issued until the applicant has met the design standards jointly promulgated by the Division of Traffic Engineering and the Division of Building Inspection, the storm drainage requirements of the Division of Engineering, and all other requirements of the Zoning Ordinance.

(a)   Off-street parking areas shall be of useable shape and surface, and shall have convenient ingress and egress. Not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the total provided parking spaces shall be designed for use by full-size vehicles. Up to twenty-five percent (25%) of the provided parking may be designed and designated for compact vehicles. Aisles and access drives shall be designed so as to provide adequate vehicular maneuvering wholly upon the property being served; and in no case shall off-street parking areas be permitted that encourage or require the backing onto, or maneuvering within, the right-of-way of any public or private street.

(b)   Any lighting used to illuminate off-street parking areas shall be regulated by Article 30.

(c)   Any off-street parking area having more than one thousand, eight hundred (1,800) square feet of area and/or used by five (5) or more vehicles shall be landscaped and screened as required by Article 18, Landscape and Land Use Buffers.

(d)   A "sight triangle" shall be observed at all street intersections or intersections of driveways with streets as required in Article 18, Landscape and Land Use Buffers and Section 3-3 of this Zoning Ordinance.

(e)   All parking areas shall be paved and drained so as to dispose of all surface water within the parking area without carrying said water accumulation over a public sidewalk. Piping the water to a suitable outfall may be required.

(f)   The parking area and driveway shall be paved with concrete, asphalt, brick, grass pavers, or other suitable hard surface materials as approved by the Division of Building Inspection.

(i)   for agricultural land uses;

(ii)   as approved by the Board of Architectural Review for the purpose of historic preservation; or

(iii)   when approved by the Urban County Forester for the purpose of tree protection.

(g)   Permanent stormwater management, in compliance with the stormwater manuals and accepted by the Division of Engineering, shall be provided for all off-street parking areas containing five (5) or more parking spaces and/or more than one thousand, eight hundred (1,800) square feet. For off-street parking areas of one thousand, eight hundred (1,800) square feet or less, or less than five (5) parking spaces, permanent stormwater retention may be required by the Division of Engineering upon the determination that the lack of such retention would cause or aggravate flooding or other drainage problems on surrounding property.

(a)   The parking area shall be accessory to a use and for that use in conjunction with one (1) or more permitted uses located on an adjoining Professional Office or business (except B-2B) zone, or in connection with one (1) or more existing conforming or nonconforming commercial uses on adjoining premises.

(b)   Such parking shall be situated on premises not less than five thousand (5,000) square feet in area which shall abut at least fifty (50) feet, either directly or across an alley, on a Professional Office or business (except B-2B) zone, or on the premises of the existing conforming or nonconforming commercial use to which the parking area is accessory.

(c)   Each entrance and exit to and from such parking area shall be at least twenty (20) feet distant from any adjacent lot line located in any residential zone.

(d)   The parking area shall be subject to all requirements of this Zoning Ordinance concerning surfacing, lighting, landscaping, screening, and minimum yards and setbacks.

(e)   Any permit issued by the Division of Planning for such parking area may be revoked any time that the aforementioned requirements are not complied with; and any permittee who uses the premises in violation of any of the conditions specified above, or attached as conditions to such permit by the Board of Adjustment, shall be deemed in violation of this Zoning Ordinance.

(a)   For all single-family detached dwelling units, no space shall be located within any required front yard or side street side yard area.

(1)   Any private walkway shall be designed in such a way that a vehicle cannot drive on it so as to permit the area to be used as a parking space or vehicular use area. No private walkways shall be built in the street right-of-way without approval of an encroachment permit.

(2)   The setback from the side and rear lot line shall be two (2) feet for paved areas and driveways.

(3)   Paving within a required front yard or side street side yard shall be limited to private walkways and residential driveways as defined and regulated herein.

(4)   Driveway Width - Allowable driveway width shall be based on the lot frontage, regardless of the width of the provided off-street parking area.

a.   Outside the infill and redevelopment area, where lot frontage is forty (40) feet or more, the maximum driveway width shall be twenty-four (24) feet.

b.   Inside the infill and redevelopment area, driveway width shall not exceed ten (10) feet.

c.   Where existing lot frontage is less than forty (40) feet, driveway width shall not exceed ten (10) feet. A driveway width may be widened to fifty (50%) percent of the lot frontage if an approved pervious surface is installed.

d.   If the width of a garage exceeds the allowable driveway width, the driveway shall be allowed to flare to that width for a distance no less than eighteen (18) feet, beginning at a location no closer to the street than half (½) of the required front yard or side street side yard.

e.   Shared driveways are allowed (and encouraged for lots with less than forty (40) feet of frontage), but may not exceed a total width of twenty (20) feet. (See Figure 2: Shared Driveways)

(5)   The design of the parking areas and driveways shall be developed so as to discourage the backing of vehicles onto a public right-of-way.

(6)   The parking area shall be landscaped and screened as required by Article 18 of this Zoning Ordinance.

(7)   A permit shall be required for the construction of all parking areas and driveways that fall under the above regulations. The owner must provide the Division of Building Inspection with a plot plan showing the entire lot, the location of the residence, the layout of the parking areas and driveways and all proposed landscaping and screening required, as well as any other information necessary to clearly define the proposed construction as required by the Division of Building Inspection.

(8)   Within the defined Infill and Redevelopment Area, the maximum number of parking spaces on the lot will be no more than two (2) parking spaces.

(9)   The maximum amount of paved area, including private walkways, shall not exceed sixty percent (60%) of the total required front or side street side yard.

(b)   For all single family attached dwelling units and multi-family residential (six (6) or fewer dwelling units), driveways, parking areas, and private walkways shall be regulated in accordance with the regulations for single family detached above, except:

(1)   Single-family attached units shall receive vehicle access only from the front or rear lot line exclusively, not both. End units with a side street side yard may receive vehicle access from that lot line in lieu of front or rear entry.

(2)   Single-family attached units with vehicle access in the rear shall be served by an alley or public street.

(3)   Single-family attached units with all front-loaded garages and driveways must be paired, except where a paired unit cannot be achieved.

(4)   Where shared parking courts are provided, or a lot dedicated to providing shared off-street parking for single family attached dwelling units, shall meet the following standards:

a.   Shared parking courts shall be owned and maintained by a common ownership mechanism.

b.   Shared parking courts shall contain a maximum of twelve (12) parking spaces.

c.   Landscaping shall be in accordance with Article 18-3.

d.   Parking courts shall be located to the rear or side of the single-family attached units.

i.   Shared parking courts shall not be the principal use on a corner lot.

ii.   Shared parking courts shall be adjacent to single-family attached units on at least two sides.

iii.   When located in the same block frontage as other residential uses, no parking spaces shall be located within the required front yard for the zone.

(c)   For multi-family residential (greater than six (6) dwelling units) and Group Residential Projects, driveways, parking areas, and private walkways shall be regulated as follows:

(1)   Vehicular use area (VUA) shall not be located between a principal structure and the street.

(2)   No portion of the front yard or side street side yard, exclusive of driveways or pedestrian walkways, shall be paved or surfaced; and all such front and side street side yards shall be enclosed by a barrier, or landscaped in such a manner, suitable to preclude any such activity as prohibited in this section.

(a)   Locational Standards for any P-1, B-1, B-3, B-5P, B-6P, CC, MU-1, MU-2 or MU-3, zones as well as any Supportive Uses in the ED zone:

(1)   On a corner lot, vehicular use areas shall not be in the front yard.

(2)   On all other lots a maximum of two (2) bays of surface parking with a single drive aisle, or a vehicular use area of up to sixty (60) feet in depth as measured perpendicular to the street, whichever is greater, shall be permitted between the building and the street, except otherwise prohibited by a maximum setback.

(3)   Connection Standards:

a.   Internal pedestrian walkways shall be required and meet the following standards.

i.   A minimum of five (5) feet wide where there is no vehicular curb overhang. Walkways shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet where there is vehicular curb overhang.

ii.   Extend from the vehicular access point to the building entrance(s).

iii.   Directly connected to all adjacent rights-of-way.

b.   For projects with two or more buildings, internal vehicular and pedestrian walkways shall be provided between vehicular use areas.

c.   Where internal pedestrian walkways are required to cross a drive aisle at a distance of greater than twenty-four (24) feet, raised pedestrian crossing shall be utilized. A minimum vertical deflection of six (6) inches shall be utilized as part of the raised pedestrian crossing.

d.   Parking islands where utilized as part of a pedestrian pathway within a parking lot, shall be grade-separated by a minimum six (6) inch curb. Pavement markings shall not be utilized as a substitute.

e.   Primary internal drives shall connect to established internal drives on adjacent properties to create cross-access and thru connections.

(b)   Locational Standards for any B-2, B-2A, B-2B zone:

(1)   There shall be no vehicular use areas located in the front yard or side street side yard.

(2)   Connection Standards:

a.   Internal pedestrian walkways shall be required and meet the following standards:

i.   A minimum of five (5) feet wide where there is no vehicular curb overhang. Walkways shall be a minimum of seven (7) feet where there is vehicular curb overhang.

ii.   Extend from the vehicular access point to the building entrance(s).

iii.   Directly connected to all adjacent rights-of-way.

b.   For projects with two or more buildings, internal vehicular and pedestrian access shall be provided between vehicular use areas.

c.   Parking islands where utilized as part of a pedestrian pathway within a parking lot, shall be grade-separated by a minimum six (6) inch curb. Pavement markings shall not be utilized as a substitute.

d.   Primary internal drives shall connect to established internal drives on adjacent properties to create cross-access and through connections.

(c)   Locational Standards for any B-4, I-1, I-2, or ED zone:

(1)   There shall be a maximum of two (2) bays of surface parking with a single drive aisle, or a vehicular use area of up to one hundred twenty (120) feet in depth as measured perpendicular to the street, whichever is greater.

(2)   Connection Standards:

a.   Internal pedestrian walkways shall be required and meet the following standards:

i.   A minimum of five (5) feet wide where there is no vehicular curb overhang. A minimum of seven (7) feet where there is vehicular curb overhang.

ii.   Extend from the vehicular access point to the building entrance(s).

iii.   Directly connected to all adjacent rights-of-way.

b.   For projects with two or more buildings, internal vehicular and pedestrian access shall be provided between vehicular use areas.

c.   Parking islands where utilized as part of a pedestrian pathway within a parking lot, shall be grade-separated by a minimum six (6) inch curb. Pavement markings shall not be utilized as a substitute.

d.   Primary internal drives shall connect to established internal drives on adjacent properties to create cross-access and through connections.

(a)   Required Distance Between Service Stations/Garages/Automobile Repair Shops/Automobile and Vehicle Refueling Stations and Residential Zones and/or Institutional Uses. No building, structure or premises intended or designed to be used as a community garage; an automobile repair shop; a service station; an automobile and vehicle refueling station or a parking lot or structure, whether a principal or a conditional use on a property, shall be used, erected or altered, which has an entrance or exit for vehicles in the same block front and within two hundred (200) feet of the property boundary of any school; public playground; place of religious assembly; hospital; public library; convalescent home, nursing home or personal care facility or orphanage. No such entrance or exit, except for a community garage, shall be located within twenty (20) feet of any residential zone; nor shall any structure used for an automobile repair shop or service station, or any part of a parking lot or structure, be located within one hundred (100) feet of any property boundary line of any of the aforesaid public or institutional uses. The term "parking lot," as used herein, does not include off-street parking areas for the public or institutional uses listed above.

(b)   Required Distance Between Gasoline/Oil Dispensing Facilities and Residential Zones/Uses. No gasoline pump, oil draining pit, or similar appliance for any purpose shall be located within fifteen (15) feet of any right-of-way line, or within fifty (50) feet of a residential zone, except where such a pump, pit or appliance is within a completely enclosed building and distant at least fifteen (15) feet from any vehicular entrance or exit of such building. Notwithstanding the above provision, no gasoline pump, oil draining pit, or similar appliance for any purpose shall be located within sixty-five (65) feet of a single-family residential zone or within sixty-five (65) feet of a single-family detached residential unit located in any residential zone. However, such 65-foot dimension shall not be applicable to the renovation, reconstruction, redevelopment, or construction of such a service station upon a tract used by such a facility within twelve (12) months prior to the application for a building permit. Except for gasoline service stations, no gasoline pump shall be permitted as an accessory use for another activity unless a site plan showing the following is submitted to, and approved by, the Division of Planning:

(1)   A safe traffic flow pattern shall exist at all times for vehicles to be serviced with gas, including a safe entrance and exit to the service area, and a traffic flow lane not impeded by parked vehicles or other objects.

(2)   A safe traffic pattern shall exist for pedestrians to ensure that pedestrian flow for other purposes is not routed by the gasoline pumps, thereby exposing such pedestrians to unnecessary hazards.

(3)   The gasoline pumps shall be operated only by employees of the activity; or if others are permitted to operate them, the facility must comply with Chapter 28 of the Kentucky Fire Prevention Code, specifically Section F-2803.8.2 and Section F-2803.8.3.

(c)   Required Distances Between Automobile and Vehicle Refueling Stations Dispensing Compressed Natural Gas and/or Liquid Natural Gas and Other Uses. In addition to the requirements of this section (above), no stationary dispensing equipment for compressed natural gas or liquid natural gas associated with an automobile and vehicle refueling station may be located within:

(1)   Ten (10) feet of any sidewalk, walkway, parking lot or property line;

(2)   Fifteen (15) feet of any electrical source or any overhead electric utility line;

(3)   Fifty (50) feet of a right-of-way line, a building on another lot, or the nearest rail of any railroad line;

(4)   Sixty-five (65) feet of a residential zone; and

(5)   Not less than fifty (50) feet of a fire hydrant.

(d)   Requirements for Vehicle Sales Lots. Every parcel of land hereafter used as an automobile, truck, mobile home, boat, trailer, or camper sales lot, or as an automobile service station shall be subject to the requirements of this Zoning Ordinance concerning surfacing, lighting, landscaping and screening, and minimum yards and setbacks; and shall be considered, in the application thereof, as the equivalent of a parking area for more than five (5) vehicles, regardless of its size.

(e)   Community Garages as Conditional Uses. Community garages permitted as a conditional use in a R-3 and R-4 zone shall not be within eighty (80) feet of any right-of-way line or in a R-3 zone be within twenty-five (25) feet of any other lot line; or in a R-4 zone be within twenty (20) feet of any lot line, except the rear lot line of an adjoining Professional Office, Business or Industrial Zone.

(a)   General Standards:

(1)   Gated vehicular entrances shall be recessed from the front building plane fifteen (15) feet.

(2)   There shall be a delineated pedestrian access point(s) into the parking structure. Pedestrian walkways shall meet the following standards:

a.   A minimum of five (5) feet wide.

b.   Directly connected to all adjacent rights-of-way.

(3)   Transparent windows or openings shall be provided for a minimum of sixty (60%) percent of the ground level, except where residential uses are located.

(4)   Ground floor activation shall include one of the following along every street frontage:

a.   Facade articulation that includes a change in exterior material type, style or finish such that materials vary for every eighty (80) feet of length or fraction thereof, or;

b.   At least thirty (30%) percent of the ground floor façade includes commercial land uses or dwelling units, or;

c.   An accessible useable open space of a minimum depth of twenty (20) feet along twenty (20%) percent of the ground floor. Open space includes plazas with seating, playgrounds, parks, porches, patios, or similarly programmed spaces. Landscaping not designed to be used by people are not included.

(a)   Where vehicle parking is provided, bicycle parking facilities shall be provided and shall meet the following standards:

(1)   Bicycle parking shall be provided at a rate of one (1) space for every ten (10) vehicular spaces or fraction thereof;

(2)   Bicycle parking facilities shall be securely anchored;

(3)   Long-term bicycle parking facilities shall be constructed with at least one of the following features:

a.   A bicycle locker or similar structure manufactured for the purpose of securing and protecting a standard-size bicycle, or;

b.   A secured and dedicated bicycle parking area provided either inside the principal building on the lot, or in a building located elsewhere on the lot.

(b)   Where bicycle parking is provided externally, such parking shall be located adjacent to the building and within twenty (20) feet of a building main entrance. Bicycle parking shall be located so the bicycles do not impede the pedestrian through movement when parked.

(c)   Where bicycle parking facilities are provided within a parking structure, the storage area shall be within ten (10) feet of one (1) or more of the following: an external pedestrian access, stairway tower, and/or an elevator tower.

(d)   Fifty percent (50%) or greater of the required bicycle parking for multi-family developments shall be covered and either located directly adjacent to the structure or in a location internal to the structure. Bicycle parking shall be allocated proportionately between the residential structures on a development based on the number of residential units in each structure.

(e)   Each bicycle rack shall accommodate a minimum of two (2) bicycles.

(a)   The study shall be submitted to identify the necessary provision of vehicular and bicycle parking spaces based on the unique locational and end-user/tenant mix for the development. Such a study shall be prepared by a qualified professional well-suited to addressing the quantity of parking for the property, including a Professional Engineer, AICP Planner, CCIM Real Estate Professional, or substantially similar qualification. The Parking Demand Mitigation Study shall include:

(1)   Review of national best practices for parking calculations for the project, including the current ITE Manual Parking ranges or the ranges produced by the ITEParkGen Report;

(2)   The anticipated parking demand for the project;

(3)   How the anticipated parking demand will be satisfied on-site or off-site;

(4)   The methods and strategies to be implemented in order to reduce vehicle trips by site users;

(5)   The methods and strategies to be implemented in order to promote transportation options by site users; and

(6)   The projected mode share by site users from the utilization of the Study's strategies.

(b)   Strategies for parking mitigation can include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1)   Shared or joint parking arrangements;

(2)   Mixed-use developments that promotes live/work arrangements;

(3)   Support for car-share and bike-share services and facilities;

(4)   Dedicated areas for drop off/pick up areas along public right-of-way;

(5)   Parking cash-out programs or unbundled parking/market rate pricing;

(6)   Roadway improvements adjacent to the site that will help encourage transportation options;

(7)   Parking management partnerships with LexPark.

(a)   Proposed additional or new commercial entrances shall be aligned with existing curb cuts or existing street features on the opposite side of the street. If entrance locations cannot align, then the proposed commercial entrance shall be a minimum distance away from any other entrance based upon the following:

(b)   Proposed commercial entrances, shall conform to LFUCG Standard Drawing 307-2 and must meet all Fire Code or LFUCG Division of Fire standards.

(c)   A minimum fifteen (15) foot curb radius shall be provided for commercial entrances, shared access points and for any entrance from an arterial street. A maximum curb radius of thirty-five (35) feet shall be provided and must be supported by tracking path simulation (e.g. AutoTURN).

(d)   Entrance spacing along frontage roads shall meet local road access spacing, with a maximum of two (2) access points.

(e)   Proposed commercial entrances shall be a minimum of one hundred (100) feet from any at-grade railroad crossing right-of-way.

(f)   Where a median exists in the right-of-way, entrances shall be aligned with median openings.

(g)   Appropriate storage and taper lengths, pavement markings (including raised pavement markings) for left turn lanes and monolithic median noses shall comply with design standards established by the Traffic Engineering Manual and LFUCG Standard Drawings.

(h)   No parking spaces shall be permitted to back directly into a public or private street right-of-way. Existing parking lots shall be revised to meet current standards when there is a zone change or addition made to a principal structure of more than thirty percent (30%) of the floor area.

(i)   When a site is redeveloped, existing entrances shall comply with LFUCG Standard Drawing 307 for entrance apron design and width.

(j)   Commercial entrances shall be located a minimum of three (3) feet from the property line or more to allow the corresponding apron flare to remain inside the projected property line and be in compliance with LFUCG Standard Drawing 307-1 or 307-2.

(k)   Existing damage or damage caused during construction activity to existing right-of-way shall be repaired or replaced in concert with permitted construction activities, per Article 5 of the Zoning Ordinance.

(l)   Gated primary entrances for a private street shall be prohibited. Gates shall meet the performance and operation guidelines of the Division of Fire and Emergency Services.

(m)   Gated access points for "exit only" or "emergency access only" shall be located a minimum of thirty (30) feet from the curb to ensure vehicles can see the gate before entering. A "do not enter" sign shall be posted on the gate.

(n)   Any proposed modification to existing LFUCG or KYTC signaling equipment must be reviewed and approved by the Division of Traffic Engineering. Grade changes adjacent to existing LFUCG signaling equipment will require replacement to current LFUCG Traffic Engineering Standards.