In all zoning districts, off-street parking requirements for the storage and parking of motor vehicles for the use of occupants, employees and patrons of buildings hereafter erected, altered, enlarged or extended, and for changes in use of a property or building, shall be provided as prescribed in this chapter. Such space shall be maintained and shall not be encroached upon so long as the main building or structure remains, unless an equivalent number of such spaces are provided elsewhere in conformity with this chapter. The determination of the required spaces and the regulation thereof shall be governed by the following regulations:

   (a)   Area Requirements. For the purpose of this chapter, three-hundred (300) square feet of lot area shall be deemed a parking space for one (1) vehicle, including an access aisle, except that the standard shall be three-hundred twenty-five (325) square feet where parking is perpendicular (ninety (90) degrees) to the access aisle, and except that two-hundred (200) square feet of lot area which has direct means of ingress to and egress from an alley or street may also be deemed a parking space.

   (b)   Fractional Units. In computing units of measurement to determine the number of required spaces, any fraction up to and including one-half (½) shall be disregarded and fractions over one-half (½) shall require one (1) space.

   (c)   Loading Spaces. Loading spaces shall not be construed as supplying off-street parking space.

   (d)   Location of Spaces.

      (1)   The off-street parking facilities required for single and two (2)-family dwellings shall be located on the same lot or plot of ground as the building they are intended to serve and shall consist of a parking strip, parking apron or garage located not closer than three (3) feet from any street lot line. The parking strip or driveway width may not exceed the width of the garage, and not more than one (1) of the required parking spaces may be provided in the required front yard.

      (2)   The off-street parking facilities required for all other uses shall be located on the lot or on property within three-hundred (300) feet of the permitted use requiring such off-street parking. Such distance shall be measured along lines of public access to the property between the nearest point of the parking facility and the building to be served, provided that the off-street parking facility shall not be separated from the building to be served by a major thoroughfare as designated in the City’s Master Plan or Comprehensive Development Plan.

   (e)   Similar Uses. In the case of a use not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities for a use which is mentioned and is similar shall apply, as determined by the Planning Commission.

   (f)   Existing Spaces. Off-street parking existing on the effective date of this Zoning Code which serves an existing building or use shall not be reduced to a size less than that required under this chapter.

   (g)   Seating Allocation. In stadiums, sports arenas, churches and other places of assembly in which patrons or spectators occupy benches, pews or similar seating facilities, each twenty-four (24) inches of such seating facilities shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining requirements for off-street parking facilities under this chapter.

   (h)   Collective Use of Spaces. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent collective provisions of off-street parking facilities for two (2) or more buildings or uses, provided that, collectively, such facilities shall not be less than the sum of the requirements for the various individual uses computed separately in accordance with the table of off-street parking requirements set forth in Section 1290.02, Number of Spaces Required. The required number of parking spaces for the uses calculated individually may be reduced by up to twenty percent (20%) if a signed agreement is provided by the property owners, and the Planning Commission determines that the peak usage will occur at different periods of the day and there is the potential for a patron to visit two (2) or more uses.

   (i)   Joint Use of Spaces. Parking spaces already provided to meet off-street parking requirements for theaters, stadiums, auditoriums and other places of public assembly, stores, office buildings and industrial establishments lying within five-hundred (500) feet of a church, measured along lines of public access, which theaters, stadiums, etc., are not normally used between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on Sundays and are made available for other parking, may be used to meet not more than seventy-five percent (75%) of the off-street parking requirements of a church. There shall be a written agreement between all parties concerned where this arrangement is permitted.

   (j)   Irrevocable Use. All required off-street parking spaces shall be stated in an application for a building permit and shall be reserved irrevocably for such use. Required off-street parking spaces shall not be changed to any other use unless and until equal facilities meeting the standards of this section are provided elsewhere, or the parking requirements of the site change. The use of required parking spaces for material storage, refuse storage and receptacles, for storage or display of vehicles and/or merchandise, or for vehicle or machinery repair or maintenance, is expressly prohibited.

   (k)   General Conditions. Except when land is used as storage space in connection with the business of an automotive service center/station or automotive repair center, the time limits for parking in off-street parking areas shall prevail as specified under Section 1290.04, Off-Street Parking A Areas; Residential Districts Adjoining Business or Industrial Districts, paragraphs (b)(10) and (b)(13) hereof. It is the purpose and intention of this subsection that the requirement of maintaining vehicle storage or parking space is to provide for the public safety in keeping parked cars off the streets, but such requirement is not designed or intended to provide, and no person shall permit, the storage or parking on open land of unregistered or unlicenced cars, wrecked or junked cars, or the creation of a junkyard or a nuisance in such area.

   (l)   Restriction of Parking on Private Property. No person shall park any motor vehicle on any private property, or use such private property as parking space, without the express or implied consent, authorization or ratification of the owner, holder, occupant, lessee, agent or trustee of such property. A complaint for a violation of this subsection shall be made by the owner, holder, occupant, lessee, agent or trustee of such property.

   (m)   Exemptions. All uses located within designated areas containing Municipal off-street parking facilities are exempt from the requirements in this chapter. Exempt parking areas containing such Municipal off-street parking facilities are shown on an illustration entitled “Exempt Parking Areas,” on file in the office of the City Clerk, and more specifically described as follows:

      (1)   Area A includes all land within an area from a point of beginning at the centerline of Southfield Road and West Electric Avenue northwest to the centerline of O’Connor Avenue; thence northwest to the centerline of Fort Street; thence northeast to the centerline of Euclid Avenue; thence northwest approximately two hundred (200) feet to the centerline of the alley; thence southwest to the centerline of O’Connor Avenue; thence northwest to the alley located approximately three-hundred twenty-five (325) feet from the centerline of Fort Street; thence southwest to the southerly line of Lot 65 of Elmwood Park Subdivision; thence westerly along such line to the centerline of Fort Park Boulevard; thence southwest to the centerline of Southfield Road; thence east-southeast to the point of beginning.

      (2)   Area B includes the land area formed by Lots 96 through 100, the alley northeast of Lot 112 and Lot 113 in the Lincoln Park Subdivision No. 1; and Lots 116 through 118 in the Main Fort Street Subdivision No. 2.

      (3)   Area C includes the land area formed by Lots 7 through 12 and Lots 52 through 117 of the Elmwood Manor Subdivision.

      (4)   Area D includes the land area formed by Lots 257 through 275 of the Washington Park Subdivision; Lots 231 through 234, Lots 292 through 295 and Lots 315 through 327 of the Parkhurst No. 1 Subdivision, including the vacated abutting street; and that portion of Chandler Avenue having been vacated south of London Avenue.

      (5)   Area E includes the land area formed by Lots 44 through 50 of the Frederick-Roberts-McKenney Realty Company’s Subdivision; Lots 43 through 49 of the Homeville Subdivision; Lots 46 through 52 of the Robinwood Subdivision; and the alley and adjacent parking area north of such described properties for an approximate distance of forty-five (45) feet from the edge of the parcel line.

      (6)   Area F includes the land area at the point of beginning along Euclid Avenue one hundred forty-three (143) feet; thence southwest seven hundred ninety-five (795) feet more or less to the southerly boundary line of Quandt Park; thence ninety (90) degrees southeast to the centerline of Dix Avenue; thence northeast along the centerline of Dix Avenue to the point of beginning. (Res. 2019-041A. Passed 2-19-19. Eff. 3-6-19.)

   (n)   Exceeding Number of Spaces Required. In order to minimize excessive areas of pavement which depreciate aesthetic standards and contribute to high rates of stormwater runoff, exceeding the minimum parking space requirements by greater than twenty percent (20%) shall not be allowed, except as approved by the Planning Commission. In granting such additional space, the Planning Commission shall determine that such parking will be required, based on documented evidence, to accommodate the use on a typical day.

   (o)   Parking Space Deferment. Where an applicant can demonstrate that the required number of parking spaces is excessive, the Planning Commission may approve a lesser number of required parking spaces, provided that an area of sufficient size to meet the parking space requirements of this section is retained as open space, and the applicant agrees to construct the additional parking at the direction of the Planning Commission based on observed usage within six (6) months of being informed of such request in writing by the Building Superintendent. The site plan shall note the area where parking is being deferred, including dimensions and a dotted parking lot layout.

   (p)   Units of Measurement.

      (1)   Where floor area is the unit for determining the required number of off-street parking and loading spaces, such unit shall mean the gross floor area (GFA), unless otherwise noted.

      (2)   Where the floor area measurement is specified as gross leaseable floor area (GLA), parking requirements shall apply to all internal building areas, excluding the floor area used for incidental service and storage, mechanical equipment rooms, heating/cooling systems, lavatories, and similar uses, and other areas not intended for use by the general public. Where these areas are not yet defined, leaseable floor area shall be considered to be eighty-five percent (85%) of the gross floor area.

      (3)   Where the number of spaces required is based on the number of employees, calculations shall be based upon the maximum number of employees likely to be on the premises during the peak shift.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

   (q)   Waiver or Modification of Standards for Special Situations. The Planning Commission may reduce or waive the number of off-street parking and/or loading spaces required for a specific use, provided they determine that no good purpose would be served by providing the required number of such spaces. In making such a determination to reduce or waive the requirements for off-street parking and/or loading spaces of this chapter, the following may be considered:

      (1)   Extent that existing off-street parking and/or loading spaces can effectively accommodate the parking and loading needs of a given use.

      (2)   Extent that existing on-street parking and/or loading spaces can effectively accommodate the parking and loading needs of a given use without negatively impacting traffic safety or adjacent uses.

      (3)   Existing and proposed building placement.

      (4)   Location and proximity of municipal parking lots and/or public alleys.

      (5)   Agreements for parking and/or loading spaces with adjacent or nearby property owners.

(Res. 01-427A. Passed 7-2-01.)

The amount of required off-street parking space for new uses or buildings, additions thereto and additions to existing buildings, or changes in use, as specified in Section 1290.01, Off-Street Parking Generally, shall be determined in accordance with the following table. The space so required shall be stated in the application for a building permit and shall be irrevocably reserved for such use and/or shall comply with Section 1290.04, Off-Street Parking A Areas; Residential Districts Adjoining Business or Industrial Districts; 1290.05, Off-Street Parking B Areas; Business Districts; 1290.06, Off-Street Parking C Areas; Industrial Districts; or 1290.07, Parking in Residential Districts, as may be applicable.

 

 

 

 

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98; Res. 02-156A. Passed 3-25-02; Res. 2012-223A. Passed 7-16-12, effective 8-1-12; Res. 2012-259A. Passed 8-20-12, effective 9-5-12; Res. 2020-320A. Passed 10-19-20, effective 11-4-20.)

   (a)   As used in this section, “off-street waiting space” or “stacking space” means an area ten (10) feet wide by twenty-four (24) feet long that does not include the use of any public space, street, alley or sidewalk. Such area shall be located entirely within a Neighborhood Business District (NBD), Municipal Business District (MBD), or Regional Business District (RBD).

   (b)   On the same premises with every building or structure, or part thereof, erected and occupied for the purpose of serving customers in their automobiles by means of a service window or similar arrangement where the automobile engine is not turned off, there shall be provided, unless otherwise specified within this Zoning Code, off-street waiting spaces in accordance with the following table:

 

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

   (a)   Off-street parking A areas may be permitted in all residential districts following site plan approval in accordance with Section 1296.01, Site Plan Review. However, off-street parking A areas may be approved only when it is reasonably indicated that business or industrial property in adjoining or adjacent areas is unavailable or impractical for the development of an off-street parking facility.

   Notice of a request for site plan approval of an off-street parking A area shall be sent by mail or by personal delivery to the owners of property within three-hundred (300) feet of the boundary of the property in question, and to all the occupants of all structures within three-hundred (300) feet, except that the notice shall be given not less than five (5) days and not more than fifteen (15) days before the application will be considered. If the name of the occupant is not known, the term “occupant” may be used in making notification. Notification need not be given to more than one (1) occupant of a structure, except that if a structure contains more than one (1) dwelling unit or spatial area owned or leased by different individuals, partnerships, businesses or organizations, one (1) occupant of each unit or spatial area shall receive notice. In the case of a single structure containing more than four (4) dwelling units or other distinct spatial areas owned or leased by different individuals, partnerships, businesses or organizations, notice may be given to the manager or owner of the structure, who shall be requested to post the notice at the primary entrance to the structure. The notice shall:

      (1)   Describe the nature of the request;

      (2)   Indicate the property which is the subject of the request;

      (3)   State when and where the request will be considered; and

      (4)   Indicate when and where written comments will be received concerning the request.

   (b)   Off-street parking A areas shall be considered a conditional accessory use to adjoining business property, and, as such, the same shall be used for customer vehicle parking of such adjoining business only. Further, penetration of residential property for the establishment of off-street parking A areas shall not exceed one-hundred twenty-five (125) feet measured at right angles from the residential property line adjoining a Business or Industrial District, except as may be provided in an officially adopted community development plan or project, and shall be subject to the following requirements:

      (1)   No repairs or service to vehicles and no display of vehicles for purposes of sale shall be carried on or permitted upon such premises.

      (2)   All land between the boundaries of the parking facility and the barriers referred to in paragraph (b)(7) hereof, as well as the surface of the parking area, shall be kept free from tall grass, weeds, rubbish, refuse and debris and shall be landscaped to conform with the requirements of this Zoning Code.

      (3)   The parking surface, and all required access drives and maneuvering aisles, shall be covered with a pavement of concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material and shall be graded and drained to the storm sewer so as to dispose of surface water which might accumulate within or upon such area. No surface water from such parking area shall be permitted to drain onto adjoining property.

      (4)   Off-street parking A areas shall be curbed with concrete curbs and gutters. Necessary curbs or other protection for the public and for the protection of adjoining properties, streets and sidewalks shall be provided and maintained.

      (5)   When lighting facilities are used, reflectors shall be installed to reflect the light away from adjacent residential areas. All parking lot lighting shall be designed, located, and shielded to prevent glare onto adjacent properties, and shall be arranged to prevent adverse effects on motorist visibility on adjacent rights-of-way. The source of illumination shall not be more than fifteen (15) feet above the parking surface.

      (6)   Side yards shall be maintained for a space of not less than ten (10) feet between the side lot lines of adjoining lots and the parking area. The depth of the front yard or setback line from the street, as established for houses in any block in any given residential area, shall be continued and made applicable to parking space in such residential area. No person shall use the space between such setback line and the sidewalk for the parking of motor vehicles. However, the barrier described in this paragraph (b)(7) shall be located on the setback line as required in this paragraph.

      (7)   Whenever such parking area adjoins residential property and/or a residential street or alley, a solid masonry wall, ornamental on both sides, and not less than six (6) feet in height, shall be erected and maintained between the required yard space and the area to be used for parking. Such walls shall be constructed of the same materials as that of the main or principal building, and be faced with either brick, decorative block, or pre-cast concrete formed into a decorative pattern and painted in the same color scheme as that of the principal building. A greenbelt, berm, or buffer strip as defined in Section 1296.03(d), Landscaping Standards, shall also be installed along with the required wall. Bumper guards of a type described in Section 1290.05(k), Off-Street Parking B Areas; Business Districts, shall be provided to prevent vehicles from striking such wall or shrubbery. All required walls, fences or other barriers shall be properly maintained and kept free of debris, signs or advertising. However, if, in the opinion of the Planning Commission, the side yard and/or greenbelt, berm, or buffer strip would serve no good purpose, the Zoning Board of Appeals may waive such requirement and provide only the wall between the residential use and the business or industrial use.

      (8)   Entrance to such area shall be only from an adjoining principal use or an adjoining alley. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent vehicles from backing into the street, backing into an access drive, or requiring the use of the street for maneuvering between parking rows.

      (9)   Plans for the development of any parking facility must be submitted in triplicate to the Building Department and must be approved by the Building Superintendent prior to the start of construction. The Superintendent may also forward such plans to the City Engineer, City Planner, Police Department, Fire Department, and Public Works and Public Services Department for review and comment. The construction shall be in accordance with the Building Code and this Zoning Code, and such construction shall be completed and approved by the Building Department and the Police Department before actual use of the property as a parking lot.

      (10)   No person shall leave, park or store, or permit to be left, parked or stored, any motor vehicle in an off-street parking A area for a period longer than eighteen (18) hours. It is the purpose and intent of this paragraph that the requirement is to provide for keeping parked motor vehicles off the streets, but such requirement is not designed to permit the storage of unregistered or unlicenced, wrecked or junked cars or vehicles. No person shall park or permit to be parked any motor vehicle in such parking area between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m., unless the adjacent business maintaining such parking area remains open after 12:00 midnight, in which case the lot shall be closed and all parked cars removed within thirty (30) minutes after the business has closed.

      (11)   During the time the facility is closed and not available for the parking thereon of motor vehicles, a suitable chain or gate shall be placed across every exit and entrance for motor vehicles. Such chain or gate shall be securely locked and access to the lot shall be effectively barred.

      (12)   No charge for parking shall be made in an off-street parking A area.

      (13)   The use of any loud noise producing device or public address system shall be prohibited.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98. Res. 2020-299A. Passed 10-5-20, Eff. 10-19-20.)

Off-street parking in a Neighborhood Business District (NBD), Municipal Business District (MBD), Central Business District (CBD), or Regional Business District (RBD) shall conform to the following requirements:

   (a)   Plans for the development of any parking facility must be submitted in triplicate to the Building Department and must be approved by the Building Superintendent prior to the start of construction. The Superintendent may also forward such plans to the City Engineer, City Planner, Police Department, Fire Department, and Public Works and Public Services Department for review and comment. The construction shall be in accordance with the Building Code and this Zoning Code, and such construction shall be completed and approved by the Superintendent and the Police Department before the actual use of the property as a parking lot. Parking structures may be built in off-street parking B areas to satisfy parking requirements, subject to the area, height, bulk and placement regulations for buildings and structures in the zoning district wherein they are located.

   (b)   Adequate means of ingress and egress shall be provided and shown in the plan submitted.

   (c)   Such parking facilities, and all required access drives and maneuvering aisles, shall be hard surfaced with concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material, maintained in a usable dustproof condition and graded and drained to the storm sewer, if available, so as to dispose of surface water in accordance and conformity with the requirements of the City.

   (d)   Off-street parking B areas shall be curbed with concrete curbs and gutters. Necessary curbs or other protection for the public and for the protection of adjoining properties, streets and sidewalks shall be provided and maintained.

   (e)   Whenever such parking facility adjoins residential property and/or a residential street or alley, a solid masonry wall, ornamental on both sides, and not less than six (6) feet in height, shall be erected and maintained. Such walls shall be constructed of the same materials as that of the main or principal building, and be faced with either brick, decorative block, or pre-cast concrete formed into a decorative pattern and painted in the same color scheme as that of the principal building. The location of the wall and lot barrier facing a residential street shall be determined with due regard for side yard requirements and the building setback line adjoining the Residential District, as may be required in the particular business district. Bumper guards of a type described in subsection (k) hereof shall be provided to prevent vehicles from striking the wall.

   (f)   All street boundaries of such parking facilities, where residential property is located on the opposite side of the street, shall be treated the same as set forth in Section 1290.04, Off-Street Parking A Areas; Residential Districts Adjoining Business or Industrial Districts.

   (g)   The entrance to such area shall be only from the adjoining principal use or adjoining alley. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent vehicles from backing into the street, backing into an access drive, or requiring the use of the street for maneuvering between parking rows.

   (h)   Parking may be with or without charge.

   (i)   All illumination for such parking facilities shall be deflected away from residential areas and shall be installed in such manner as to allow the reduction of the amount of light after normal parking hours each day. All parking lot lighting shall be designed, located, and shielded to prevent glare onto adjacent properties, and shall be arranged to prevent adverse effects on motorist visibility on adjacent rights-of-way. The source of illumination shall not be more than twenty-five (25) feet above the parking surface.

   (j)   Where street setback lines are provided by ordinance or established through the adoption of a street and traffic plan, such setback lines shall be maintained.

   (k)   In all cases where such parking facilities abut public sidewalks, a wall or curb at least six (6) inches high, or steel posts twenty-four (24) to thirty (30) inches high and not more than five (5) feet apart, set three (3) feet in concrete, shall be placed thereon so that a motor vehicle cannot be driven or parked with any part thereof extending within two (2) feet of a public sidewalk.

   (l)   No person shall park or store a motor vehicle in an off-street parking B area for a continuous period of more than forty-eight (48) hours.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

Off-street parking in Light Industrial LID Districts and General Industrial GID Districts shall conform to the following requirements:

   (a)   Plans for the development of any parking facility must be submitted in triplicate to the Building Department and must be approved by the Building Superintendent prior to the start of construction. The Superintendent may also forward such plans to the City Engineer, City Planner, Police Department, Fire Department, and Public Works and Public Services Department for review and comment. The construction shall be in accordance with the Building Code and this Zoning Code, and such construction shall be completed and approved by the Superintendent and the Police Department before actual use of the property as a parking lot.

   (b)   Adequate means of ingress and egress shall be provided and shown in the plan submitted. Parking lots shall be designed to prevent vehicles from backing into the street, backing into an access drive, or requiring the use of the street for maneuvering between parking rows.

   (c)   Such parking facilities, and all required access drives and maneuvering aisles, shall be hard surfaced with concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material and maintained in a usable dustproof condition. Such facility shall be graded and drained to a storm sewer, if available, so as to dispose of surface water in accordance and conformity with the requirements of the City.

   (d)   Off-street parking C areas shall be curbed with concrete curbs and gutters. Necessary curbs or other protection for the public and for the protection of adjoining properties, streets and sidewalks shall be provided and maintained.

   (e)   Whenever such parking facility adjoins residential property and/or a residential street or alley, a solid masonry wall, ornamental on both sides, and not less than six (6) feet in height, shall be erected and maintained. Such walls shall be constructed of the same materials as that of the main or principal building, and be faced with either brick, decorative block, or pre-cast concrete formed into a decorative pattern and painted in the same color scheme as that of the principal building. The location of the wall and lot barrier facing a residential street shall be determined with due regard for side yard requirements and the building setback line in the adjoining residential district, as may be required in the particular industrial district. Bumper guards of a type described in subsection (I) hereof shall be provided to prevent vehicles from striking such wall.

   (f)   All street boundaries of such parking facilities, where residential property is located on the opposite aide of the street, shall be treated the same as set forth in Section 1290.04, Off-Street Parking A Areas; Residential Districts Adjoining Business or Industrial Districts.

   (g)   All illumination for such parking facilities shall be deflected away from residential areas. All parking lot lighting shall be designed, located, and shielded to prevent glare onto adjacent properties, and shall be arranged to prevent adverse effects on motorist visibility on adjacent rights-of-way. The source of illumination shall not be more than twenty-five (25) feet above the parking surface.

   (h)   Where street setback lines are provided by ordinance or established through the adoption of a street and traffic plan, such setback lines shall be maintained.

   (i)   In all cases where such parking facilities abut public sidewalks or a wall, a curb at least six (6) inches high, or steel posts twenty-four (24) to thirty (30) inches high and not more than (5) five feet apart, set three (3) feet in concrete, shall be placed thereon so that a motor vehicle cannot be driven or parked with any part thereof extending within two (2) feet of a public sidewalk.

   (j)   Such parking facility may not be used for the storage or parking of unregistered or unlicenced, junked or wrecked vehicles of any type, as a storage area for industrial equipment or material, or as a dump for refuse of any description.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

Off-street parking for permitted principal uses in Residential Districts shall conform to the following regulations:

   (a)   The parking surface and access driveways shall be covered with a pavement of concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material and shall be graded toward the center of the parking surface or driveway, and drained to a storm sewer so as to dispose of surface water in accordance and conformity with the requirements of the City. A curbed edge shall be required where parking or driveway surfaces are within five (5) feet of a building on an adjacent lot.

   (b)   When lighting facilities are used, reflectors shall be installed to reflect the light away from adjacent residential areas, and the source of illumination shall not be more than thirteen (13) feet above the parking surface.

   (c)   All open parking areas shall be screened from adjacent properties by means of a brick wall, screen fencing, evergreens and/or other barriers deemed suitable by the Building Superintendent to minimize noise from motor vehicles and to prevent the direct glare of headlights from falling on adjacent properties.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

Plans for the layout of off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the following minimum requirements:

 

 

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

   (a)   On the same premises with every building or structure, or part thereof, erected and occupied for uses involving the receipt or distribution of vehicles, materials or merchandise, there shall be provided and maintained on the lot adequate space for standing, loading and unloading services in order to avoid undue interference with the public use of the streets and alleys.

   (b)   Such loading and unloading space, unless otherwise adequately provided for, shall be an area ten (10) feet by fifty (50) feet, with a fifteen (15)-foot height clearance. Such spaces shall be provided in accordance with the following schedule:

 

   (a)   Statement of Purpose. The purpose of this section is to provide access standards which will facilitate through-traffic operations, ensure public safety along roadways, and protect the public investment in the street system, while providing property owners with reasonable, though not always direct, access. The standards are specifically designed for streets whose primary function is the movement of through traffic, as opposed to local streets whose primary function is access to adjacent properties.

   (b)   Application of Standards.

      (1)   The standards of this section shall be applied to the following major traffic routes (arterials) identified in the City of Lincoln Park Comprehensive Development Plan: Southfield Road, Fort Street, Dix Avenue, and Outer Drive.

      (2)   The access standards contained herein shall be required in addition to, and where permissible shall supersede, the requirements of the Michigan Department of Transportation and/or Wayne County.

      (3)   The standards contained in this section shall apply to all uses, except permitted single-family and two (2)-family dwelling units.

      (4)   For expansion and/or redevelopment of existing sites where the Planning Commission determines that compliance with all the standards of this section is unreasonable, the standards shall be applied to the maximum extent possible. In such situations, suitable alternatives which substantially achieve the purpose of this section may be accepted by the Planning Commission, provided that the applicant demonstrates that all of the following apply:

         A.   The size of the parcel is insufficient to meet the dimensional standards.

         B.   The spacing of existing, adjacent driveways or environmental constraints prohibit adherence to the access standards at a reasonable cost.

         C.   The use will generate less than five hundred (500) total vehicle trips per day or less than seventy-five (75) total vehicle trips in the peak hour of travel on the adjacent street, based on rates developed by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE).

         D.   There is no other reasonable means of access.

   (c)   Number of Driveways.

      (1)   Access to a parcel shall consist of either a single two (2)-way driveway or a pair of one (1)-way driveways wherein one (1) driveway is designed and appropriately signed to accommodate ingress movements and the other egress movements.

      (2)   Where parcel frontage is insufficient to provide a driveway meeting the minimum driveway width and radii, a shared driveway or other means of access may be required.

      (3)   Where the parcel is situated on a corner lot, one (1) access point on each street frontage may be permitted, provided there is a minimum of one-hundred (100) feet of frontage per side. No more than one (1) access point shall be permitted per side for parcels located on corner lots unless otherwise provided for within this chapter.

      (4)   Where the property has continuous frontage of over three hundred (300) feet and the applicant can demonstrate, using the Institute of Transportation Engineer’s Trip Generation Manual or another accepted reference, that a second access is warranted, the Planning Commission may allow an additional access point. Where possible, this access should be spaced according to the standards contained herein, located on a side street, shared with an adjacent property, and/or be designed to restrict one (1) or both left turn movements.

      (5)   Where the property has continuous frontage of over six hundred (600) feet, a maximum of three (3) driveways may be allowed, with at least one (1) such driveway being designed, constructed, and signed for right-turns-in and right-turns-out only.

   (d)   Shared Access; Joint Driveways; Frontage Roads; Parking Lot Connections; and Rear Service Drives.

      (1)   Shared use of access between two (2) or more property owners should be encouraged through use of driveways constructed along property lines, connecting parking lots and construction of on-site frontage roads, and rear service drives, particularly for the following: A. sites within one-quarter (1/4) mile of major intersections; B. sites having dual frontage; C. sites where frontage dimensions are less than three hundred (300) feet; D. locations with sight distance problems; and/or E. along roadway segments experiencing congestion or accidents. In such cases, shared access of some type may be the only access design allowed.

      (2)   In cases where a site is adjacent to an existing frontage road, a parking lot of a compatible use, or a rear service drive, a connection to the adjacent facility may be required by the Planning Commission.

      (3)   In cases where a site is adjacent to undeveloped property, the site must be designed and constructed to accommodate a future frontage road, parking lot connection, rear service drive, or other means of shared access as determined by the Planning Commission.

      (4)   The applicant shall provide the City with letters of agreement or access easements from all affected property owners.

   (e)   Unobstructed Sight Distance.

      (1)   No fence, wall, structure or planting shall be erected, established, or maintained on any lot which will obstruct the view of drivers in vehicles approaching an intersection of two roads or the intersection of a road and a driveway (see diagram). Fences, walls, structures, or plantings located in the triangular area described below shall not be permitted to obstruct cross- visibility between a height of thirty (30) inches and six (6) feet above the lowest point of the intersecting road(s).

   Trees shall be permitted in the triangular area provided that limbs and foliage are trimmed so that they do not extend into the cross-visibility area or otherwise create a traffic hazard. Landscaping, except required grass or ground cover, shall not be located closer than three (3) feet from the edge of any driveway or road pavement within the triangular area.

      (2)   The unobstructed triangular area is described as follows:

   The area formed at the corner intersection of two public right-of-way lines, the two (2) sides of the triangular area being 25 feet in length measured along abutting public rights-of-way lines, and third side being a line connecting these two sides, as illustrated in the following graphic:

   The area formed at the corner intersection of a public right-of-way and a driveway, the two (2) sides of the triangular area being ten (10) feet in length measured along the edge of the driveway and five (5) feet in length measured along the right-of-way line and the third side being a line connecting these two sides.

(Res. 10-66A. Passed 4-19-10. Eff. 5-5-10.)

   (f)   Driveway Spacing From Intersections and Access Ramps.

      (1)   Driveway spacing from intersections shall be measured from the centerline of the driveway to the extended edge of the intersecting street's right-of-way line.

      (2)   In order to preserve intersection operations and safety, the minimum distance between a driveway and an intersecting street right-of-way shall be based on the following:

         A.   For locations in the vicinity of intersections experiencing congestion (peak hour operations below level of service “C” for one (1) or more movements) and/or a significant number of traffic accidents (five (5) or more annually), the Planning Commission may require that access be constructed along the property line furthest from the intersection.

         B.   For locations within two-hundred (200) feet of any signalized or four-way stop intersection, driveways shall be spaced a minimum of one-hundred-fifty (150) feet from the intersection. Where this spacing cannot be provided, driveways designed for “right-turn in/right-turn out only” movements may be allowed, with a minimum spacing of seventy-five (75) feet from the intersecting street right-of-way.

         C.   One-hundred (100) feet for locations not addressed by paragraph (f)(2)B. hereof.

         D.   Driveways shall be spaced a minimum of two-hundred (200) feet from the centerline of access ramps for Interstate 75.

   (g)   Driveway Spacing From Other Driveways.

      (1)   Driveway spacing from other driveways shall be measured from the centerline of each driveway at the point where it crosses the street right-of-way line.

      (2)   Minimum driveway spacing from other driveways along the same side of the street shall be determined based on posted speed limits along the parcel for each particular frontage, as follows:

 

      (3)   Driveways shall be directly aligned with those across the street or, where offset, the minimum driveway spacing from driveways across the street shall be one-hundred-fifty (150) feet, excluding when one (1) or both driveways are designed and signed for right-turn-in/right-turn-out only.

   (h)    Driveway Design; Channelized Driveways; Deceleration Lanes and Tapers; Bypass Lanes.

      (1)   Driveway designs. Driveways shall be designed to the standards of Wayne County, except where stricter standards are included herein or by the City’s driveway construction standards.

      (2)   Driveway width and radii.

         A.   The typical driveway design shall include one (1) ingress and one (1) egress lane, with a combined minimum throat width of twenty-five (25) feet and a maximum throat width of thirty (30) feet, measured from face to face of curb.

         B.   Wherever the Planning Commission determines that traffic volume or conditions may cause significant delays for traffic exiting left, two (2) exit lanes may be required.

         C.   For one-way paired driveway systems, each driveway shall be twenty (20) feet wide, measured perpendicularly.

         D.   In areas with pedestrian traffic, the exit and enter lanes may be separated by a median with a maximum width of ten (10) feet. Concrete sidewalks shall be continued and/or maintained across driveways.

         E.   Driveways shall be designed with a twenty-five (25) foot radii; thirty (30) foot radii shall be required where daily truck traffic is expected.

      (3)   Directional driveways, divided driveways and deceleration tapers. Directional driveways, divided driveways, and deceleration tapers and/or by-pass lanes may be required by the Planning Commission where they will reduce congestion and accident potential for vehicles accessing the proposed use or site. Right-turn tapers shall be a minimum of seventy-five (75) feet in length and at least eleven (11) feet wide.

   (i)   Design of Frontage Roads, Rear Service Drives and Parking Lot Connections. Frontage roads, rear service drives and drives connecting two (2) or more parking lots shall be constructed in accordance with the following standards:

      (1)   Pavement width shall be a maximum of thirty (30) feet, measured face of curb to face of curb; intersection approaches may be widened to thirty-nine (39) feet for a left turn lane.

      (2)   Frontage road access to public streets shall be spaced according to the standards of subsections (f) and (g) hereof.

      (3)   Frontage roads shall have a minimum setback of thirty (30) feet between the outer edge of pavement and the right-of-way line, with a minimum sixty (60) feet of uninterrupted queueing (stacking) space at the intersections.

      (4)   Parking along, or which backs into, a frontage road shall be prohibited.

      (5)   For properties which are currently developed or are adjacent to developed uses, and the standards of paragraphs (i)(1) through (4) hereof are determined by the Planning Commission to be too restrictive, frontage roads can be defined through parking lots by raised and/or painted islands, as shown, provided that at least every third end island is raised.

(Res. 98-340A. Passed 9-21-98.)

   (a)   The City discourages the use of private roads, but may allow private roads as a special land use when meeting the standards of this section. The regulations for private roads contained herein shall not apply to approved private roads within platted subdivisions regulated by this Zoning Code or other provisions of these Codified Ordinances, or internal access drives to parking within approved site plans for multiple-family developments.

   (b)   The use of private roads must be supported by documentation accepted by Council that the property possesses unusual configuration and/or topography which would render construction of streets under City standards for grades, radii, width and/or materials impractical.

   (c)   An easement shall be provided of not less than twenty-four (24) feet in width for roads and utilities serving four (4) or fewer lots or single-family residential units, and not less than fifty (50) feet in width for roads serving more than four (4) homes shall be provided for private road access. This easement shall be recorded with the Register of Deeds office and a copy of the recorded easement provided to the City Clerk.

   (d)   Any lot accessed via a private road shall have frontage on the private road which is at least equal to the minimum lot frontage required herein for the zoning district in which the lot is located. The frontage for the lot shall be measured at the point of the beginning of the lot line designated by the Building Superintendent as the side lot line.

   (e)   Any lot created on a private road, along with accompanying buildings, shall comply with all site development standards applicable to the zoning district in which it is located.

   (f)   The maximum length of any private road cul-de-sac shall not exceed the City standard for public roads.

   (g)   The surface and base material of any private road shall be approved by the City Engineer as being sufficient to accommodate emergency vehicles.

   (h)   Issuance of a building permit for the placement of buildings/structures on lots and/or parcels on a private road shall not be considered a guarantee or warranty that adequate access exists to the lot for emergency vehicles. The City assumes no responsibility for the maintenance of or improvements to private roads.

   (i)   The applicant shall submit a joint maintenance agreement or master deed in recordable form that runs with the land, binds benefitting parcels, and allows the City to make any repairs or conduct any maintenance it deems necessary, and charge the property owners or homeowners’ association served by the private road for such service.

   (j)   The applicant shall provide a recorded statement running with the land informing purchasers that the access road is private.