Wind energy systems shall be permitted by conditional use as an accessory use, provided that such systems are located on a lot with a permitted use in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Wind energy systems shall be located no less than 100 feet (or 1.1 times the height of the device, whichever is greater) from a side or rear property line, no less than 100 feet (or 1.1 times the height of the device, whichever is greater) from overhead utility lines, no less than 150 feet (or 1.1 times the height of the device, whichever is greater) from a street line, and no less than 1.5 times the height of the device from any occupied building on the lot. In no case, however, shall a wind energy system be located within a front yard, as defined in this chapter, or within the minimum required side and/or rear yard.

Wind energy systems attached to the roof or walls of an occupied structure are prohibited.

There shall be a maximum of one device on a single parcel or multiple parcels in the same ownership, and it shall not exceed that which will produce up to a maximum 100 KW of output, as determined by the public utility providing electric service to Middletown Township.

Maximum height of the structure, including all moving and rotating parts, shall be 80 feet in the C, CS, GB, M-1, OC, and P Zoning Districts and 60 feet in all other zoning districts, measured from the undisturbed ground elevation at the base of the device to the highest point of the arc of the blade, helix, or to the top of the tower, whichever is greater.

Minimum distance between the undisturbed ground at the base of the device and any protruding blade shall be 15 feet, as measured at the lowest point of arc of the blades.

All ground-mounted electrical and control equipment shall be labeled and secured to prevent unauthorized access. The tower shall not provide steps or a ladder readily accessible to the public for a minimum height of 10 feet above the ground surface.

When a building is necessary for storage cells or related mechanical equipment, the building shall not exceed 150 square feet in area, shall not exceed eight feet in height and must not be located in any required front, side, or rear yards.

No artificial lighting (unless required by the Federal Aviation Administration), signage, or any forms of advertising shall be utilized or attached to the wind energy system.

Design and location of a wind energy system shall consider, to the greatest extent possible, the aesthetics of the surrounding environment. Middletown Township may require submission of illustrations and photos depicting the color, size, shape, and architectural features of the proposed device and submission of color photographs of the proposed tower location taken from the view of all adjoining properties and roads. The wind generator and the tower shall remain painted or finished in the color or finish that was originally applied by the manufacturer, unless a different color or finish is approved by Middletown Township.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shall be submitted, which identifies property lines, lot area, location of existing natural and man-made features, location of the proposed wind energy device, ownership information for adjoining properties, and setback measurements from property lines, street lines, and occupied buildings.

All utility lines, including electrical wires other than wires necessary to connect the wind generator to the tower wiring, the tower wiring to the disconnect junction box, and the grounding wires, must be installed underground in accordance with the National Electrical Code^® (latest edition) and the prevailing standards of the servicing utility company.

Any wind energy system that is defective, or has been abandoned, that is deemed to be unsafe by the Township Building Code Official shall be required to be repaired by the owner to meet federal, state, and local safety standards, or be removed by the property owner, within six months of written notification from Middletown Township. If the owner fails to remove or repair the defective or abandoned wind energy system, Middletown Township may pursue a legal action to have the system removed at the owner's expense.

A wind energy system, including tower, shall comply with all applicable state construction and electrical codes and the National Electrical Code^®. Prior to issuance of a building/zoning permit for installation of the device, the applicant must submit to Middletown Township all documentation required by the Middletown Township Building Code Official to verify that the design of the device complies with the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC), including, but not limited to, documentation of the structural integrity of the foundation, base, tower, and all appurtenant structures, and electrical design. Design information must be signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and/or by the equipment manufacturer.

The use shall not interfere with the reception of any radio, television, or other communication equipment nor inhibit solar access to adjacent properties.

A clearly visible warning sign concerning voltage must be placed at the base of all pad-mounted transformers and substations.

Visible, reflective, colored objects, such as flags, reflectors, or tape, shall be placed on the anchor points of guy wires and along guy wires up to a height of 10 feet from the ground.

All wind energy systems shall be equipped with a redundant braking system. This includes both aerodynamic overspeed controls (including variable pitch, tip, and other similar systems) and mechanical brakes. Mechanical brakes shall be operated in a fail-safe mode. Stall regulation shall not be considered a sufficient braking system for overspeed protection.

All wind energy systems shall primarily serve on-site generation needs, unless otherwise approved by Middletown Township. If a hookup to a public or community utility system is proposed, electrical plans must be signed and sealed by a certified electrical engineer, at the applicant's expense, and submitted to the utility company and Middletown Township for approval.

The applicant shall make reasonable efforts to minimize shadow flicker at the property line.

A nonparticipating landowner shall not intentionally block, interfere with, or disrupt the functional operation of an existing wind energy system. If such action or event should occur, the matter shall be resolved as a civil dispute between the landowners, and Middletown Township shall not be held responsible.

Solar energy systems as described in this article are permitted in all zoning districts as an accessory use to a permitted principal use, subject to the standards for accessory uses in the applicable zoning district and the specific criteria set forth in this article.

The Historic Preservation Commission shall be consulted in the review of all solar energy systems proposed for installation on or within an historic property in Middletown Township. A property, building, or structure shall be considered an historic property if it is listed on either the Pennsylvania or National Register of Historic Places, it is included in an official historic structures list maintained by Middletown Township, or it satisfies one of the criteria set forth at § 500-2314B of this chapter.

Solar energy systems designed and permitted as an attached alternative energy facility are permitted, provided that all structural components of the solar energy system do not exceed the allowable building height requirements of the zoning district in which it is located by a maximum of 15 feet. The building height shall be measured from the average ground elevation of the building to the average height of the solar panel(s) or other structural components of the solar energy system.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shall be submitted, which identifies property lines, lot area, location of existing natural and man-made features, location of the proposed solar energy system, ownership information for adjoining properties, and setback measurements from property lines, street lines, and occupied buildings.

A solar energy system designed and permitted as a freestanding, ground-mounted alternative energy facility shall be located in accordance with the applicable building setbacks for the zoning district in which it is to be located and shall not exceed 15 feet in height, as measured from the ground surface to the highest extended point of the structure. All such solar energy systems shall comply with the building and lot coverage requirements of the zoning district in which they are located. Ground-mounted solar systems and any related appurtenances must be screened and or fenced in accordance with the National Electrical Code^® (latest version).

A solar energy system designed and permitted as a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system shall be limited to glazing and roofing installations only.

Solar energy systems shall be located, designed, and installed as per the manufacturer's specifications, as well as all zoning, building code, and utility requirements, and in accordance with the National Electrical Code^® (latest version adopted in Pennsylvania).

Solar energy systems shall be located behind the front facade of the building occupying the permitted use. No ground-mounted solar energy system shall be permitted in the front yard of the lot on which it is located.

A solar energy system may exceed the applicable maximum accessory structure height if it will cover an impervious surface parking area. Height may not exceed the height of the primary structure that the parking area serves by more than 15 feet. Minimum height of the parking canopy must allow clearance for emergency service and service vehicles.

For purposes of determining compliance with building coverage standards of the applicable zoning district, the total horizontal projection area of all ground-mounted and freestanding solar collectors, including solar photovoltaic cells, panels, arrays, and inverters, shall be considered pervious coverage so long as pervious conditions are maintained underneath the solar photovoltaic cells, panels, and arrays.

A nonparticipating landowner shall not intentionally block, interfere with, or disrupt the functional operation of an existing solar energy system. Owners of solar energy systems are encouraged, but not required, to obtain solar access easements from neighboring landowners to ensure solar access. When an applicant owns two or more adjacent lots, and at least one of those lots is proposed to utilize solar energy collection devices, the applicant is requested to consider establishing a solar access easement or a similar legal mechanism to make sure that structures or vegetation on one lot does not unreasonably obstruct solar access for the solar energy collection devices on the adjacent lot. Middletown Township does not guarantee and will not protect any individual property rights with respect to solar access. If such action or event should occur, the matter shall be resolved as a civil dispute between the landowners, and Middletown Township shall not be held responsible.

A clearly visible warning sign concerning voltage must be placed at the base of all pad-mounted transformers and substations.

Solar energy panels erected on a roof must be placed in accordance with all applicable codes and practices related to firefighting and be reviewed by the Middletown Township Fire Marshal.

A solar energy system shall comply with all applicable state construction and electrical codes and the National Electrical Code^®. Prior to issuance of a building/zoning permit for installation of the device, the applicant must submit to Middletown Township all documentation required by the Middletown Township Building Code Official to verify that the design of the device complies with the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC), including, but not limited to, documentation of the structural integrity of all appurtenant structures, and electrical design. Design information must be signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and/or by the equipment manufacturer.

Middletown Township residents depend on groundwater as a water supply source. Because geothermal systems are constructed in the ground or use groundwater, these systems create a potential for water supply and quality degradation. Therefore, the Middletown Township Board of Supervisors finds that the installation, use, and maintenance of geothermal systems are matters of legitimate concern with respect to public health, safety, and welfare, and that the regulation of the installation and maintenance of geothermal systems is warranted.

It shall be unlawful to install a new geothermal well or modify an existing geothermal well without a valid permit.

Open-loop geothermal systems are prohibited.

Closed-loop geothermal energy systems shall be permitted by right, provided that such systems are located on a lot with a permitted use in accordance with the applicable provisions of this article.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shall be submitted, which identifies property lines, lot area, location of existing natural and man-made features, location of the proposed closed-loop geothermal system, boreholes, ownership information for adjoining properties, and setback measurements from property lines, street lines, and occupied buildings.

The geothermal system must be installed, maintained, and decommissioned in conformance with the IGSHPA Closed-Loop/Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Design and Installation Standards, as the same may be amended and updated from time to time, and as per the manufacturer's specifications as well as all zoning, building code, and utility requirements.

Only a Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection licensed well driller, or an IGSHPA-accredited geothermal system installer, shall conduct the drilling of a geothermal well. In all cases, the well-drilling rig must also be approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

Geothermal energy systems may be located on a lot with a permitted use, provided that all structural components comply with the building setback requirements and lot coverage requirements of the zoning district on which it is located.

Minimum isolation (setback) distance. Wells and boreholes regulated by this article shall be located using the minimum isolation (setback) distances to existing or potential sources of pollution listed in Table 1. For closed-loop geothermal wells and boreholes, which, due to infeasibility, cannot conform to the requirements of Table 1, an appeal to the Zoning Officer can be made detailing the infeasibility and the proposed location. Upon review, the Zoning Officer may reduce the required setback distances.

Closed-loop geothermal boreholes shall be located, drilled, and finished in a manner that will protect the borehole structure from damage from surface activities or other natural occurrences so that the quality of the local groundwater cannot be affected.

The minimum required backfilling material for boreholes is bentonite. Bentonite grout shall be pure, with at least 20% solids by weight when mixed with water. Hydration of the bentonite must be delayed until the bentonite has been placed down the well. It is recommended that the vertical boreholes are grouted from the bottom of the well to the top using an appropriate grout with thermal transfer properties. If the borehole penetrates bedrock, it must be grouted from a depth of 15 feet into the bedrock to the top of the borehole.

A nonparticipating landowner shall not intentionally block, interfere with, or disrupt the functional operation of a geothermal system. If such action or event should occur, the matter shall be resolved as a civil dispute between the landowners, and Middletown Township shall not be held responsible.

A geothermal energy system shall comply with all applicable state construction and electrical codes and the National Electrical Code^®. Prior to issuance of a building/zoning permit for installation of the system, the applicant must submit to Middletown Township all documentation required by the Middletown Township Building Code Official to verify that the design of the system complies with the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC). Design information must be signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and/or the equipment manufacturer.

Wood-fired boilers, as defined under § 500-202, shall be permitted by special exception, as an accessory use, in residential districts with a minimum lot area of two acres or more as an alternative or emerging energy facility serving any residential use.

In no case shall a wood-fired boiler be permitted in the required front, side, or rear yard, nor shall it be located closer than 150 feet to any property line.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shall be submitted, which identifies property lines, lot area, location of existing natural and man-made features, location of the proposed wood-fired boiler, ownership information for adjoining properties, and setback measurements from property lines, street lines, and occupied buildings.

Wood-fired boilers shall be a Phase 2 type, as certified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as meeting a particulate matter emission limit of 0.32 pounds per million British thermal units output and labeled accordingly. Phase 2 outdoor wood-fired boiler models will be identified with a white hang tag.

Wood-fired boilers shall be premanufactured self-contained systems with a lockable fuel feed chute and ash door.

Wood-fired boilers shall have a permanently attached smokestack with a minimum stack height of 10 feet above the ground that also extends at least two feet above the highest peak of any residence located less than 150 feet from the outdoor wood-fired boiler.

Fuel for wood-fired boilers shall consist of clean wood, wood pellets made from clean wood, biomass woody fuels, wood chips, home heating oil, natural gas, propane, or that which complies with all applicable sulfur limits and is used as a starter or supplemental fuel for dual-fired outdoor wood-fired boilers.

The following fuels are prohibited:

As part of the special exception application, the Zoning Hearing Board may attach reasonable conditions and safeguards.

A wood-fired boiler system shall comply with all applicable state construction and electrical codes and the National Electrical Code^®. Prior to issuance of a building/zoning permit for installation of such a boiler, the applicant must submit to Middletown Township all documentation required by the Middletown Township Building Code Official to verify that the design of the system complies with the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC). Design information must be signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and/or the equipment manufacturer.

Emerging energy systems, other than those specifically defined in this article, shall be permitted by special exception as an accessory use, provided that such systems are located on a lot with a permitted use in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Emerging energy systems may be located on or attached to an occupied building, provided that the structural components of the emerging energy system do not exceed the permitted building height requirements of the zoning district in which it is located.

An emerging energy system may be located on a lot with a permitted use, provided that all structural components comply with the building setback requirements and lot coverage requirements of the zoning district in which it is located.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shall be submitted, which identifies property lines, lot area, location of existing natural and man-made features, location of the proposed emerging energy system, ownership information for adjoining properties, and setback measurements from property lines, street lines, and occupied buildings.

An emerging energy system may be located on a lot provided that it is located, designed, and installed considering the health, safety, and general welfare of the adjacent property owners. As part of the special exception application, the Zoning Hearing Board may attach reasonable conditions and safeguards.

A clearly visible warning sign concerning voltage must be placed at the base of all pad-mounted transformers and substations.

The landowner shall provide documentation of the land and airspace on his property, which must remain open to assure adequate solar access, water, and/or wind to the renewable energy system. All such documentation shall be considered as part of the permit application or special exception application.

As part of the permit application, the landowner shall notify the Zoning Officer that the alternative or renewable resource system has been installed. The landowner shall also provide the Zoning Officer with any other permits that have been obtained from agencies with jurisdiction in order to locate the alternative or renewable energy resource system on the property.

Audible sound from any alternative and/or emerging energy facility shall not exceed 55 dBA, as measured at the applicant's property line. Middletown Township has the right to inspect, measure, and record sound levels at the applicant's expense.

The applicant shall not disrupt radio, telephone, television, or similar communication signals and shall mitigate any harm caused by the alternative and/or emerging energy system.

No structure, whether principal use or accessory use; and no coniferous plant materials, whether trees, shrubs or other; and no permanently fixed equipment shall be of such a height that it would cast a shadow during daylight between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. on the winter solstice (the shortest day of the year) on any solar gathering component of an existing or proposed solar energy system or on the southward face of another building at the wall and/or at the roofline or the buildable area of a parcel if no building exists.

Buildings shall be built incorporating an overhang, awning, deciduous trees, or other methodology that casts a shadow on all fenestration on the southward exposure of the building during daylight between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. (daylight saving time) on the summer solstice (the longest day of the year).

All required landscaping, street trees, and buffers shall be provided in accordance with the regulations for the zoning district in which the project is located and in accordance with the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance as applicable.

Prevailing winds are to be identified, and landscaping shall be positioned to provide a windbreak for any occupied building.

Street trees shall be placed considering solar access and shading.

Coniferous trees shall be placed on the north side of a structure to provide a windbreak in the winter, and deciduous trees shall be placed on the south side of structures to provide shading in the summer and solar energy access in the winter.

All landscape berms shall be on the north side of any occupied building upon a lot.

The use of green roofs and cool roofs on nonresidential, flat, or slightly sloped (0° to 30° pitch) roofed buildings and structures is encouraged to supplement measures to reduce energy consumption, reduce heat island effects, and provide other environmental benefits such as a reduction in stormwater runoff.

Cool roofs shall have a solar reflectance index of 50 or greater in accordance with the Cool Roof Rating Council and ANSI/CRRC S100 (2016), Standard Test Methods for Determining Radiative Properties of Materials.

Green roofs shall include vegetation on at least 50% of the roof area of all buildings in the project and shall use only drought-tolerant landscaping. Green roofs shall be installed in accordance with ANSI standards for fire, wind uplift, and root repellency (ANSI/SPRI VF-1, ANSI/SPRI RP-14 and ANSI/SPRI VR-1.) See § 500-2905 for available bonus provisions.

The use of green walls, interior or exterior, is encouraged to supplement measures to reduce energy consumption and heat island effects and provide other environmental benefits such as improved air quality.

Green walls may be modular or soilless types.

The use of thermal mass walls is encouraged to supplement measures to reduce energy consumption in combination with renewable energy sources and other passive energy reduction strategies as outlined in this article.

In accordance with the 2018 Pennsylvania Alternative Residential Energy Provisions, as published by the Pennsylvania Housing Research Center, and the Pennsylvania Energy Code, thermal mass walls must have an R value of 8 or an R value of 13, when more than half the insulation is on the interior.

A complete narrative describing the proposed alternative or emerging energy facility, which shall include: a project overview; the project location; the number of alternative or emerging energy systems; the area and height of the alternative or emerging energy systems; the initial and potential generating capacities; the facility dimensions; and the manufacturer's specifications.

An affidavit or similar evidence of agreement between the landowner and the facility owner/operator demonstrating that the facility owner/operator has the capabilities and permission of the landowner to apply for necessary permits for construction and operation of the alternative or emerging energy facility.

The addresses of all properties within 500 feet of the property on which the proposed alternative or emerging energy facility will be located.

A site plan, prepared, signed, and sealed by a qualified professional licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, showing the boundary lines of the property occupied by the alternative or emerging energy facility and the properties within 500 feet of the property on which the proposed alternative or emerging energy facility will be located. The site plan shall also include: topographical and natural features; the planned location of the alternative or emerging energy systems; the building setback lines; the access road and turnout locations; building and structures; and all public utilities.

The existing and projected annual energy needs of the permitted use that will benefit from the alternative or emerging energy system, including the amount of surplus energy that will be exchanged, transferred and/or sold to a public or private utility company.

Documents related to the potential abandonment and/or decommissioning of the alternative or emerging energy systems.

Other relevant studies, reports, certifications and approvals, and other municipal ordinances as may be reasonably requested by Middletown Township to ensure compliance with this chapter.

The applicant shall provide a copy of the permit application to the local emergency response providers (police, fire, and ambulance) of Middletown Township.

If required by the Zoning Officer, the applicant, in conjunction with the emergency service providers, shall establish an emergency response plan for the alternative or emerging energy facility.

The landowner or facility operator shall post and maintain decommissioning funds in an amount equal to net decommissioning costs, provided that at no point shall decommissioning funds be less than 25% of decommissioning costs. The decommissioning funds shall be posted and maintained with a bonding company or a lending institution approved by Middletown Township.

An independent and certified professional engineer may be retained by Middletown Township to inspect the decommissioning of the alternative and emerging systems. All such inspection fees shall be paid by the applicant or landowner.

Decommissioning funds may be in the form of a performance bond, surety bond, letter of credit, corporate guarantee or other form of financial assurance as may be acceptable to Middletown Township.

Middletown Township may release the decommissioning funds when the landowner or facility operator has satisfactorily demonstrated compliance with the decommissioning plan.