Mission Viejo City Zoning Code
Complete index of all zoning chapters, sections, and subsections
CHAPTER 9
01.- INTRODUCTION
Sections
- Sec. 9.01.005.- Title.
- Sec. 9.01.010. - Purpose.
- Sec. 9.01.015. - Authority and general plan consistency.
- Sec. 9.01.020. - Binding development agreements.
- Sec. 9.01.025. - Review authority.
- Sec. 9.01.030. - Establishment of zoning districts.
- Sec. 9.01.035. - General requirements.
- Sec. 9.01.040. - Density and intensity.
- Sec. 9.01.045. - Partial invalidity.
- Sec. 9.01.050. - Definitions.
CHAPTER 9
10.- RESIDENTIAL ZONES
Sections
- Sec. 9.10.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.10.010. - Permitted uses.
- Sec. 9.10.015. - Permitted, planned development permitted, and conditionally permitted uses.
- Sec. 9.10.020. - Zoning district development standards.
- Sec. 9.10.025. - Applicable regulations.
- Sec. 9.10.030. - RPD 30A residential planned development by right.
- Sec. 9.10.035. - Inclusionary housing.
CHAPTER 9
13.- OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION ZONES
Sections
- Sec. 9.13.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.13.010. - Permitted uses.
- Sec. 9.13.015. - Permitted, planned development permitted, and conditionally permitted uses.
- Sec. 9.13.020. - General standards.
- Sec. 9.13.025. - Specific standards.
- Sec. 9.13.026. - Specific standards for lake shorelines.
- Sec. 9.13.030. - Applicable regulations.
CHAPTER 9
15.- ADULT BUSINESS AB OVERLAY ZONE
Sections
- Sec. 9.15.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.15.010. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.15.015. - Restriction to Adult Business (AB) Overlay Zones.
- Sec. 9.15.020. - Statements and records.
- Sec. 9.15.025. - Conditional use permit required.
- Sec. 9.15.030. - Time limits for action on conditional use permit.
- Sec. 9.15.035. - Sale/serving of alcohol and intoxicated persons.
- Sec. 9.15.040. - Suspension and revocation of a conditional use permit.
- Sec. 9.15.045. - Adult business license required.
- Sec. 9.15.050. - Application for adult business license.
- Sec. 9.15.055. - Investigation.
- Sec. 9.15.060. - Decision by director of community development on application for license.
- Sec. 9.15.065. - Grant of application for license.
- Sec. 9.15.070. - Denial of application of license.
- Sec. 9.15.075. - Inspection.
- Sec. 9.15.080. - Expiration of license.
- Sec. 9.15.085. - Revocation of license.
- Sec. 9.15.090. - Hearing on revocation of license.
- Sec. 9.15.095. - Regulations nonexclusive.
- Sec. 9.15.100. - Violations/penalties.
- Sec. 9.15.105. - Public nuisance.
CHAPTER 9
22.- NOISE STANDARDS
Sections
- Sec. 9.22.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.22.010. - Declaration of policy.
- Sec. 9.22.015. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.22.020. - Noise level measurement criteria.
- Sec. 9.22.025. - Exterior noise standards.
- Sec. 9.22.030. - Interior noise standards.
- Sec. 9.22.035. - Special provisions.
- Sec. 9.22.040. - Noise level measurement.
- Sec. 9.22.045. - Manner of enforcement.
- Sec. 9.22.050. - Variance procedure.
- Sec. 9.22.055. - Appeals.
- Sec. 9.22.060. - Violations.
CHAPTER 9
27.- LANDSCAPING STANDARDS
Sections
- Sec. 9.27.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.27.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.27.015. - General regulations.
- Sec. 9.27.020. - Screening requirements.
- Sec. 9.27.025. - Setback and parkway treatment standards.
- Sec. 9.27.030. - Corner treatment standards.
- Sec. 9.27.035. - Installation of landscaping.
- Sec. 9.27.040. - Maintenance of landscaping.
- Sec. 9.27.045. - Removal or destruction of trees.
- Sec. 9.27.050. - Applicable regulations.
CHAPTER 9
28.- NONCONFORMING STRUCTURES AND USES
Sections
- Sec. 9.28.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.28.010. - Land use permitted.
- Sec. 9.28.015. - Restriction on improvements of nonconformities.
- Sec. 9.28.020. - Termination of nonconformance.
- Sec. 9.28.025. - Notice.
- Sec. 9.28.030. - Appeal.
- Sec. 9.28.035. - Hearing.
- Sec. 9.28.040. - Decision and order.
- Sec. 9.28.045. - Right of further appeal.
- Sec. 9.28.050. - Recordation of order.
- Sec. 9.28.055. - Use of hearing officer.
- Sec. 9.28.060. - Extension of time.
- Sec. 9.28.065. - Conditional use permit.
- Sec. 9.28.070. - Repairs and alterations.
- Sec. 9.28.075. - Expansion of nonconforming structure or use.
- Sec. 9.28.080. - Public nuisance.
- Sec. 9.28.085. - Substitution of a nonconforming use.
- Sec. 9.28.090. - Termination—Violation of laws.
CHAPTER 9
29.- SIGN STANDARDS
Sections
- DIVISION 1. - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Sec. 9.29.105. - Purpose.
- Sec. 9.29.110. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.29.115. - Authority to enforce.
- Sec. 9.29.120. - Inventory of illegal and abandoned signs.
- Sec. 9.29.125. - Abatement of illegal and abandoned signs.
- Sec. 9.29.130. - Penalty for violation.
- Sec. 9.29.135. - Maintenance requirements.
- Sec. 9.29.140. - Planned sign program.
- Sec. 9.29.145. - Special sign permit.
- Sec. 9.29.150. - Nonconforming signs.
- Sec. 9.29.155. - Computation of sign area.
- Sec. 9.29.160. - Message substitution.
- Sec. 9.29.165. - Application of sign standards to city.
- Sec. 9.29.170. - Appeal.
- DIVISION 2. - COMMERCIAL SIGNS
- DIVISION 3. - NONCOMMERCIAL SIGNS
CHAPTER 9
30.- ANTENNA STANDARDS
Sections
- Sec. 9.30.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.30.010. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.30.015. - Regulation of satellite earth station antennas.
- Sec. 9.30.020. - Regulation of amateur radio station antennas.
- Sec. 9.30.025. - Regulation of wireless telecommunications antenna facilities.
- Sec. 9.30.030. - Variances.
- Sec. 9.30.035. - Nonconforming antennas.
CHAPTER 9
45.- MINOR EXCEPTIONS2
Sections
- Sec. 9.45.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.45.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.45.015. - Applicability; exemption.
- Sec. 9.45.020. - Findings.
- Sec. 9.45.025. - Precedent.
- Sec. 9.45.030. - Burden of proof.
- Sec. 9.45.035. - Notice; appeals.
- Sec. 9.45.040. - Minor exception expiration.
- Sec. 9.45.045. - Time extension.
- Sec. 9.45.050. - Use of property before final decision.
- Sec. 9.45.055. - Revocation.
CHAPTER 9
46.- VARIANCES
Sections
- Sec. 9.46.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.46.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.46.015. - Applicability.
- Sec. 9.46.020. - Hearings and notice.
- Sec. 9.46.025. - Findings.
- Sec. 9.46.030. - Precedents.
- Sec. 9.46.035. - Burden of proof.
- Sec. 9.46.040. - Variance expiration.
- Sec. 9.46.045. - Time extension.
- Sec. 9.46.050. - Use of property before final decision.
- Sec. 9.46.055. - Revocation.
CHAPTER 9
47.- PLANNED DEVELOPMENT PERMITS
Sections
- Sec. 9.47.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.47.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.47.015. - Applicability.
- Sec. 9.47.020. - Project review.
- Sec. 9.47.025. - Hearings and notice.
- Sec. 9.47.030. - Findings.
- Sec. 9.47.035. - Planned development permit expiration.
- Sec. 9.47.040. - Use of property before final decision.
- Sec. 9.47.045. - Modification/amendment of planned development permit.
- Sec. 9.47.050. - Time extension.
- Sec. 9.47.055. - Revocation.
CHAPTER 9
48.- CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS
Sections
- Sec. 9.48.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.48.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.48.015. - Project review.
- Sec. 9.48.020. - Hearings and notice.
- Sec. 9.48.025. - Findings.
- Sec. 9.48.030. - Use of property before final decision.
- Sec. 9.48.035. - Conditional use permit expiration.
- Sec. 9.48.040. - Time extension.
- Sec. 9.48.045. - Revocation.
- Sec. 9.48.050. - Conditional use permit to run with the land.
CHAPTER 9
49.- SPECIFIC PLANS
Sections
- Sec. 9.49.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.49.010. - Content of specific plans.
- Sec. 9.49.015. - Adoption/amendment of specific plans.
- Sec. 9.49.020. - Hearings and notice.
- Sec. 9.49.025. - Use of property prior to adoption.
- Sec. 9.49.030. - Commission action on specific plans.
- Sec. 9.49.035. - Council action on specific plans.
- Sec. 9.49.040. - Findings.
- Sec. 9.49.045. - Specific plan consistency.
- Sec. 9.49.050. - Applicable regulations.
CHAPTER 9
53.- DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS
Sections
- Sec. 9.53.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.53.010. - Application.
- Sec. 9.53.015. - Public hearings.
- Sec. 9.53.020. - Content of development agreement.
- Sec. 9.53.025. - Execution and recordation.
- Sec. 9.53.030. - Environmental review.
- Sec. 9.53.035. - Periodic review.
- Sec. 9.53.040. - Effect of development agreement.
- Sec. 9.53.045. - Approved development agreements.
CHAPTER 9
54.- SURFACE MINING AND LAND RECLAMATION
Sections
- Sec. 9.54.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.54.010. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.54.015. - Scope.
- Sec. 9.54.020. - Vested rights.
- Sec. 9.54.025. - Plan and conditional use permit required.
- Sec. 9.54.030. - Preparation of plan.
- Sec. 9.54.035. - Applicability.
- Sec. 9.54.040. - Application fee.
- Sec. 9.54.045. - Hearings and notice.
- Sec. 9.54.050. - Commission action.
- Sec. 9.54.055. - Council action.
- Sec. 9.54.060. - Periodic review.
CHAPTER 9
56.- HEARINGS AND APPEALS
Sections
- Sec. 9.56.005.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.56.010. - Application processing.
- Sec. 9.56.015. - Director investigation.
- Sec. 9.56.020. - Hearing procedure.
- Sec. 9.56.025. - Notice of decision—Director.
- Sec. 9.56.030. - Same—Commission.
- Sec. 9.56.035. - Same—Council.
- Sec. 9.56.040. - Effective date.
- Sec. 9.56.045. - Appeal of action.
- Sec. 9.56.050. - Filing of appeals.
- Sec. 9.56.055. - Notice of appeal hearings.
- Sec. 9.56.060. - Effective date of appealed actions.
- Sec. 9.56.065. - Reapplication.
CHAPTER 9
59.- NUISANCE ABATEMENT
Sections
- DIVISION 1. - NUISANCE
- Sec. 9.59.105. - Purpose.
- Sec. 9.59.110. - Nuisances designated.
- Sec. 9.59.115. - Exceptions.
- Sec. 9.59.120. - Enforcement.
- Sec. 9.59.125. - Voluntary abatement of nuisances.
- Sec. 9.59.130. - Involuntary abatement.
- Sec. 9.59.135. - Notice.
- Sec. 9.59.140. - Form of notice.
- Sec. 9.59.145. - Hearing.
- Sec. 9.59.150. - Appeal.
- Sec. 9.59.155. - Right of further appeal.
- Sec. 9.59.160. - Appeal fees.
- Sec. 9.59.165. - Abatement of nuisance by city.
- Sec. 9.59.170. - Cost accounting; notification.
- Sec. 9.59.175. - Assessment lien.
- Sec. 9.59.180. - Owner's responsibility.
- Sec. 9.59.185. - Alternate actions.
- DIVISION 2. - GRAFFITI
- Sec. 9.59.205. - Graffiti defined.
- Sec. 9.59.210. - Penalties for violation.
- Sec. 9.59.215. - Sale and possession of graffiti implements.
- Sec. 9.59.220. - Removal of graffiti—Duty to remove.
- Sec. 9.59.225. - Removal of graffiti at city expense.
- Sec. 9.59.230. - Removal of graffiti at owner's expense.
- Sec. 9.59.235. - Removal of graffiti at owner's expense—Alternative procedure.
- Sec. 9.59.240. - Parental liability for graffiti.
- Sec. 9.59.245. - Rewards.
- Sec. 9.59.250. - Alternate actions.
- DIVISION 3. - ABANDONED VEHICLES
- Sec. 9.59.305. - Purpose.
- Sec. 9.59.310. - Exceptions.
- Sec. 9.59.315. - Enforcement.
- Sec. 9.59.320. - Notice of intent to abate and remove.
- Sec. 9.59.325. - Request for hearing.
- Sec. 9.59.330. - Hearings.
- Sec. 9.59.335. - Appeal.
- Sec. 9.59.340. - Decision to remove vehicle.
- Sec. 9.59.345. - Costs.
- Sec. 9.59.350. - Franchises.
- Sec. 9.59.355. - Notice to department of motor vehicles.
- Sec. 9.59.360. - Removal required.
- Sec. 9.59.365. - No city liability.
- Sec. 9.59.370. - Alternate actions.
- DIVISION 4. - VIOLATIONS
CHAPTER 9
60.- REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION
Sections
- Sec. 9.60.010.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.60.020. - Application.
- Sec. 9.60.030. - Required information.
- Sec. 9.60.040. - Notice of request for accommodation.
- Sec. 9.60.050. - Procedure.
- Sec. 9.60.060. - Grounds for accommodation.
- Sec. 9.60.070. - Director's hearing.
- Sec. 9.60.080. - Notice of director's decision following a hearing.
- Sec. 9.60.090. - Expiration of grants of reasonable accommodation.
- Sec. 9.60.100. - Appeal.
- Sec. 9.60.110. - Fee.
CHAPTER 9
70.- GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sections
- Sec. 9.70.005.- Title.
- Sec. 9.70.015. - Purpose.
- Sec. 9.70.020. - Prohibitions.
- Sec. 9.70.025. - Subdivision manual.
- Sec. 9.70.030. - City engineer.
- Sec. 9.70.035. - Director.
- Sec. 9.70.040. - Subdivision committee.
- Sec. 9.70.045. - Planning commission.
- Sec. 9.70.050. - City council.
- Sec. 9.70.055. - Processing and filing fees.
CHAPTER 9
73.- TENTATIVE MAPS
Sections
- Sec. 9.73.005.- Types of maps covered.
- Sec. 9.73.010. - Form and contents.
- Sec. 9.73.015. - Who may file.
- Sec. 9.73.020. - Certification of ownership.
- Sec. 9.73.025. - Title report.
- Sec. 9.73.030. - Environmental documents.
- Sec. 9.73.035. - Soils report.
- Sec. 9.73.040. - Filing.
- Sec. 9.73.045. - Copies to concerned agencies.
- Sec. 9.73.050. - Time for action.
- Sec. 9.73.055. - Reports and recommendations.
- Sec. 9.73.060. - Review of tentative maps.
- Sec. 9.73.065. - Substitution of revised maps.
- Sec. 9.73.070. - Meetings and hearings.
- Sec. 9.73.075. - Zoning conformance.
- Sec. 9.73.080. - Findings required.
- Sec. 9.73.085. - Additional findings required.
- Sec. 9.73.090. - Modification of maps and conditions of approval.
- Sec. 9.73.095. - Period of validity; extensions.
- Sec. 9.73.100. - Appeal to city council.
CHAPTER 9
74.- STANDARDS OF DESIGN
Sections
- Sec. 9.74.005.- Conformance with standards of design.
- Sec. 9.74.010. - Consistency with general plan.
- Sec. 9.74.015. - Compliance with zoning.
- Sec. 9.74.020. - Boundary lines.
- Sec. 9.74.025. - Lots/parcels.
- Sec. 9.74.030. - Arterial highways.
- Sec. 9.74.035. - Private streets.
- Sec. 9.74.040. - Restricted access to highways.
- Sec. 9.74.045. - Street widths.
- Sec. 9.74.050. - Dead-end or cul-de-sac streets.
- Sec. 9.74.055. - Local street and highway grades.
- Sec. 9.74.060. - Curved local street and highway radii.
- Sec. 9.74.065. - Local street lengths.
- Sec. 9.74.070. - Local street and highway corner cutoffs and corner radii.
- Sec. 9.74.075. - Sidewalks and pedestrian ways.
- Sec. 9.74.080. - Bicycle and equestrian trails.
- Sec. 9.74.085. - Street lighting.
- Sec. 9.74.090. - Underground utility lines.
- Sec. 9.74.095. - Sewers.
- Sec. 9.74.100. - Drainage and erosion control.
- Sec. 9.74.105. - Manmade slopes.
- Sec. 9.74.110. - Parks.
- Sec. 9.74.115. - Landscaping and screening.
- Sec. 9.74.120. - Rivers and streams.
- Sec. 9.74.125. - Lakes and reservoirs.
- Sec. 9.74.130. - Fire protection.
- Sec. 9.74.135. - Dangerous areas to be removed or controlled.
- Sec. 9.74.140. - Deviations from standards of design.
- Sec. 9.74.145. - Floodplain.
CHAPTER 9
75.- DEDICATIONS
Sections
- Sec. 9.75.005.- Required dedication for public use or benefit.
- Sec. 9.75.010. - Transfer of ownership required for private use or benefit.
- Sec. 9.75.015. - Vehicular access rights and abutters' rights to arterial highways and local streets.
- Sec. 9.75.020. - Elementary school sites.
- Sec. 9.75.025. - Method of dedication.
- Sec. 9.75.030. - Exceptions.
CHAPTER 9
76.- IMPROVEMENTS, MONUMENTATION AND SECURITY
Sections
- Sec. 9.76.005.- Improvements required.
- Sec. 9.76.010. - Subdivisions of four or less parcels.
- Sec. 9.76.015. - Standards.
- Sec. 9.76.020. - Improvement plans.
- Sec. 9.76.025. - Agreements in lieu of improvements.
- Sec. 9.76.030. - Plan checking, engineering and inspection fees.
- Sec. 9.76.035. - Improvement security.
- Sec. 9.76.040. - Release of security.
- Sec. 9.76.045. - Monumentation.
- Sec. 9.76.050. - Extension of time.
CHAPTER 9
85.- LOCAL PARK CODE
Sections
- Sec. 9.85.005.- Title.
- Sec. 9.85.010. - Purpose, authority, and objectives.
- Sec. 9.85.015. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.85.020. - Interpretation and application.
- Sec. 9.85.025. - Responsibility and enforcement.
- Sec. 9.85.030. - Use of land and fees.
- Sec. 9.85.035. - Use of fees.
- Sec. 9.85.040. - Appeals to planning commission.
- Sec. 9.85.045. - Appeals to the city council.
- Sec. 9.85.050. - Refunds.
- Sec. 9.85.055. - Modifications.
- Sec. 9.85.060. - Requirements for subdivisions.
- Sec. 9.85.065. - Method of fulfilling requirements.
- Sec. 9.85.070. - Amount of park land required.
- Sec. 9.85.075. - Amount of park fees required.
- Sec. 9.85.080. - Amount of park land and park fees combined.
- Sec. 9.85.085. - Improvement of dedicated park land.
- Sec. 9.85.090. - Park land requirements.
- Sec. 9.85.095. - Park fee procedures.
- Sec. 9.85.100. - Change in requirements after approval of tentative map or division of land.
- Sec. 9.85.105. - Standards.
- Sec. 9.85.110. - Compliance with this code; unsubdivided and previously subdivided lands.
CHAPTER 9
90.- MAJOR THOROUGHFARE AND BRIDGE FEES3
Sections
- Sec. 9.90.010.- Payment prerequisite to approval of subdivision.
- Sec. 9.90.020. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.90.030. - Inclusion of project in general plan prerequisite to requirement of payment.
- Sec. 9.90.040. - Project to be in addition to or improvement of existing thoroughfare as prerequisite to requirement.
- Sec. 9.90.050. - Project to be existing or original bridge as prerequisite to requirement.
- Sec. 9.90.060. - Establishment of area of benefit.
- Sec. 9.90.070. - Council hearing and action on proposed benefit area.
- Sec. 9.90.080. - Receipt of fees; handling and expenditure.
- Sec. 9.90.090. - Acceptance of consideration in lieu of payment.
- Sec. 9.90.100. - Advancement of other monies pending receipt of fees.
- Sec. 9.90.110. - Reimbursement of developer for costs not allocated to subdivider's property.
CHAPTER 9
92.- INTERIM SCHOOL FACILITIES FEES
Sections
- Sec. 9.92.010.- Application.
- Sec. 9.92.015. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.92.020. - Fees imposed.
- Sec. 9.92.025. - Agreement for fees.
- Sec. 9.92.030. - Exemptions and waivers.
- Sec. 9.92.035. - Schedule for mitigation.
- Sec. 9.92.040. - Accounting for fees received.
- Sec. 9.92.045. - Agreements where two governing boards receive fees.
- Sec. 9.92.050. - Termination of application.
- Sec. 9.92.055. - Changed conditions.
- Sec. 9.92.060. - Administration.
- Sec. 9.92.065. - Change in attendance areas.
CHAPTER 9
94.- DEVELOPMENT FEES
Sections
- Sec. 9.94.010.- Purpose.
- Sec. 9.94.015. - Definitions.
- Sec. 9.94.020. - Establishment of fee programs and benefit areas.
- Sec. 9.94.025. - Amendment of benefit areas and fee programs.
- Sec. 9.94.030. - Provisions for payment required for subdivision map approval.
- Sec. 9.94.035. - Payment required for issuance of discretionary permits.
- Sec. 9.94.040. - Payment required for issuance of building permits.
- Sec. 9.94.045. - Time of collection of residential development fees; Government Code § 66007.
- Sec. 9.94.050. - Temporary deferral of payment of development fees for commercial and residential projects.
CHAPTER 9
96.- UNDERGROUND UTILITY DISTRICTS
Sections
- Sec. 9.96.010.- Definitions.
- Sec. 9.96.020. - Public hearing.
- Sec. 9.96.030. - Report by director.
- Sec. 9.96.040. - Designation of underground utility districts.
- Sec. 9.96.050. - Unlawful acts.
- Sec. 9.96.060. - Exceptions, emergency or unusual circumstances.
- Sec. 9.96.070. - Additional exceptions.
- Sec. 9.96.080. - Notice to property owners and utility companies.
- Sec. 9.96.090. - Responsibility of utility companies.
- Sec. 9.96.100. - Responsibility of property owners.
- Sec. 9.96.110. - Enforcement.
- Sec. 9.96.120. - Responsibility of city.
- Sec. 9.96.130. - Extension of time.
CHAPTER 9
100.- FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
Sections
- DIVISION 1. - STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION, FINDINGS OF FACT, PURPOSE AND METHODS
- DIVISION 2. - DEFINITIONS
- DIVISION 3. - GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Sec. 9.100.310. - Application of this chapter to particular areas within the city.
- Sec. 9.100.320. - Basis for establishing the areas of special flood hazard.
- Sec. 9.100.330. - Compliance.
- Sec. 9.100.340. - Abrogation and greater restrictions.
- Sec. 9.100.350. - Interpretation.
- Sec. 9.100.360. - Warning and disclaimer of liability.
- DIVISION 4. - ADMINISTRATION
- DIVISION 5. - PROVISIONS FOR FLOOD HAZARD REDUCTION
- DIVISION 6. - APPEALS OF THE FLOODPLAIN ADMINISTRATOR'S DECISIONS
- DIVISION 7. - VARIANCE STANDARDS