Off-street parking space shall be provided as further specified in this chapter and shall be furnished with necessary passageways and driveways. All such space shall be deemed to be required space on the lot on which it is situated, and no such space shall be encroached upon or reduced in any manner. All parking areas, passageways and driveways shall be constructed in accordance with the design specifications of the subdivision provisions of this chapter and in accordance with all applicable federal and state regulations requiring handicapped parking. Landscaping consisting of attractive trees, shrubs, plants and grass lawns shall be required and planted in accordance with the site plans. Special buffer planting shall be provided along the side and rear property lines so as to provide protection to adjacent properties when such lot lines abut residential zones or uses.

The collective provision of an off-street parking area by two (2) or more buildings or uses located on adjacent lots is permitted, provided that the total of such facilities shall not be less than the sum required of the various buildings or uses computed separately, and further provided that the land upon which the collective facilities are located is owned or leased by one (1) or more of the collective users.

All off-street parking and loading facilities shall be designed in accordance to the dimensions as contained herein.

No off street loading area or off street parking area or part thereof for three (3) or more vehicles shall be closer than ten (10) feet to any dwelling, school, hospital or other institution for human care located on an adjoining lot.

For development other than single-family dwellings, any off street parking area or off street loading area for three (3) or more vehicles shall be improved with an impervious cover according to the standards of this Article. All parking and loading spaces shall be marked so as to provide for the orderly and safe loading, parking and storage of motor vehicles.

All off street parking areas and off street loading areas shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of all surface water without detriment to surrounding uses as determined by the Municipal Engineer. No access drive or driveway in any residential district shall be used to provide access to uses other than those permitted in such residential district.

Any public or private parking or loading area for three (3) or more vehicles, including a commercial parking lot, shall be developed and maintained in accordance with municipal requirements.

Off street parking areas for three (3) or more vehicles and off-street loading areas adjoining residential districts shall be effectively screened by a fence or hedge as provided in this chapter. The screening shall be on the side or sides which adjoin or face premises in any residential district or institutional premises.

All parking areas and appurtenant passageways and driveways serving commercial and industrial uses shall be illuminated adequately during the hours between sunset and sunrise when the use is in operation upon the premises. Adequate shielding shall be provided by commercial and industrial users to protect adjacent residential zones from the glare of such illumination and from that of automobile headlights. The operator of any commercial or industrial premises may reduce the amount of lighting after 12:00 midnight by not more than fifty percent (50%) of the total lighting required during the period between sunset and sunrise.

All parking areas shall have artificial lighting that will provide an average lighting level of five-tenths (0.5) horizontal footcandle throughout the parking area. Freestanding light poles shall be no higher than the height of the highest principal building served by the parking area or twenty (20) feet, whichever is less.

Parking areas may be located in any rear or side yard but may not be located in any required front yard area except where a parking space in front of an operable garage and except where specifically permitted elsewhere in the Article.

Parking spaces, driveways and aisles shall be clearly marked and delineated. For safety and fire-fighting purposes, free access between adjacent parking areas shall be provided.

It shall be the responsibility of the owner of the property to maintain all off-street parking, loading and unloading areas, driveways, aisles and accessways in good condition, free of sagging condition, potholes, cracked pavement, etc. All lighting, bumpers, markings, signs, drainage and landscaping shall be similarly kept in workable, safe and good condition. Parking space striping shall be inspected periodically by the Municipal Engineer every three (3) years. If the condition of the lighting, bumpers, markings, signs, drainage and landscaping has deteriorated to a condition deemed by the municipality to warrant renewal, the owner shall repair the markings to the satisfaction of the Municipal Engineer. Irrespective of the above-described inspection period, if the Municipal Engineer or the Traffic and Safety Division of the Police Department determines that that layout of the parking space lines, curbs, islands or other traffic guidance features and drainage, landscaping or lighting is such as to adversely affect safety, the Municipal Engineer can require the owner to redesign and install such traffic guidance and parking features. The owner shall be responsible to pay all application, escrow and inspection fees. Where such redesign is ordered by the Municipal Engineer, the revised design must be reviewed and approved by the Planning Board or Zoning Board of Adjustment prior to the start of repairs, construction and/or repainting. If the owner fails to undertake repairs after proper notification by the Municipal Engineer, the Municipal Council may authorize repairs to be made at the owner's expense if, in the Municipal Council's opinion, conditions constitute a hazard to the safety and welfare of the municipality's residents and visitors or may revoke the owner's certificate of occupancy and require the property to be vacated.

Each off-street parking space shall measure not less than nine by eighteen (9 x 18) feet, exclusive of access drives and aisles, except that parallel curb parking spaces shall be nine by twenty-three (9 x 23) feet.

Loading spaces shall not be less than fifty by twelve (50 x 12) feet.

All traffic aisles between parking spaces for ninety-degree parking shall be twenty-four (24) feet wide.

All entrance and exit driveways to public streets shall be located to afford maximum safety to traffic on the public streets.

Any exit driveway or driveway land shall be so designed with regard to profile, grading and location to permit the sight distance in accordance with § 430-69C, Sight-triangle easements.

The dimensions of driveways shall be designed to adequately accommodate the volume and character of vehicles anticipated to be attracted daily onto the land development for which a site plan is prepared.

No driveway to or from a parking area shall be located closer than one hundred (100) feet from the nearest right-of-way line of an intersection of a collector or arterial street. However, any major use, such as a shopping center or office complex, which, in the opinion of the municipal agency, will generate large traffic volumes shall not be located closer than two hundred (200) feet from the nearest right-of-way line of an intersection of a collector or arterial street.

No part of any driveway may be located within five (5) feet of a side property line, including the extension to the curbline, for single- and/or two-family dwellings and within twenty (20) feet of a side property line, including the extension to the curbline, for all other uses. However, upon application to the municipal agency and approval of the design by the Municipal Engineer, the municipal agency may permit a driveway serving two (2) or more adjacent sites to be located on or within ten (10) feet of a side property line, including the extension to the curbline between the adjacent sites.

Driveway angle, one-way operation. Driveways used by vehicles in a one-way direction of travel (right turn only) shall not form angles smaller than forty-five degrees (45°) with the public street, unless acceleration and deceleration lanes are provided.

Driveway angle, two-way operation. Driveways used for two-way operation will intersect the public street at any angle as near ninety degrees (90°) as site conditions will permit, and in no case shall it be less than sixty degrees (60°).

Parking areas for twenty-five (25) or more cars and access drives for all parking areas on arterial roadways provide curbed return radii of not less than fifteen (15) feet for all right-turn movements and left-turn access from one-way streets and concrete aprons on entrance and exit drives.

Parking areas for fewer than twenty-five (25) cars may utilize concrete aprons without curb returns at entrance and exit drives which are not located on a minor arterial or principal arterial highway.

Access drives for single- and two-family dwellings shall utilize concrete aprons without curb returns, regardless of size or location.

Maximum curb depression width for single- and two-family dwellings shall be the driveway width plus four (4) feet, but not more than twenty-five (25) feet.

Where a driveway connecting to a public street serves traffic from parking areas of a major traffic generator, an acceleration and/or deceleration lane may be required in accordance with the Policy of Geometric Design of Rural Highways 1984 or latest revision, American Association of State Highway Officials.

The number of driveways, in such locations and of such widths, as shall be certified by the engineering official having jurisdiction over road design to be necessary and proper in order to achieve compatibility with the road design in view of the site condition shall be permitted and shall be deemed to constitute compliance herewith.

If the road to which the driveways connect is a municipal street, the certifying official shall be the Municipal Engineer. If it is a county road, the certifying official shall be such County Engineer as may be in charge of road design. If it is a state road, the certifying official shall be such official of the New Jersey Department of Transportation division, bureau or other unit in charge of road design for that road.

Aisles from which cars directly enter or leave parking spaces shall be no less than:

Driveway aprons shall be required between the curbing and the sidewalk. They shall be six (6) inches of concrete according to specifications required for curbing described in Article XII.

Parking areas shall be so arranged as to provide adequate access to all buildings in case of fire or other emergency. No parking shall be allowed within thirty (30) feet of the outer walls of any structure or within such other adequate distance as the Planning Board, in consultation with municipal fire officials, may approve. The developer shall post adequate signs and provide pavement markings, approved by the Planning Board, prohibiting such parking and designating such areas as fire zones.

Off-street parking areas which abut a residential or institutional use on any side shall be set back a minimum of twenty-five (25) feet from the lot line and adequately buffered and screened from such use with planting or fencing.

All parking areas for ten (10) or more vehicles shall be landscaped with hedges, shrubbery and/or shade trees of a type and quality approved by the approving board.

All parking areas for twenty (20) or more vehicles shall contain grassed or landscaped island areas of at least six (6) feet in width separating rows of parking spaces. Such island areas shall be spread throughout the parking area in accordance with a site plan approved by the approving board and shall occupy a minimum of ten percent (10%) of the area formed by the outer perimeter of the paved parking area. The island areas shall contain a minimum of one (1) shade tree for each five (5) parking spaces in the parking area and shall be landscaped in accordance with a landscaping plan approved by the approving board.

For commercial and all nonresidential uses in business districts, required parking shall be provided within two hundred (200) feet of such use, measured from the nearest point of the building that such facility is required to serve.