SECTION 11.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Computation of Parking Spaces - In determining the number of parking spaces required, if such spaces result in fractional parts thereof, the number of said spaces required shall be construed to be the next highest whole number.
2. Additional Parking Spaces to be Provided - Whenever the intensity of use of any building, structure, or premises shall be increased through addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity, change of use, or other units of measurement specified herein, additional parking spaces shall be provided in the amounts hereafter specified for that use, if the existing parking space is inadequate to serve such in-crease in intensity of use.
3. Location of Off-Street Parking Facilities:
   1. Off-street parking facilities shall be located as follows:
      1. Single-Family Residential Zones - (A-1 and R-RE): Off-street parking may be permitted in driveways in the front, side, and rear yards of permitted uses in these zones, provided all requirements of this ordinance are met. Additionally, off-street parking located in the rear yard shall be set back a minimum of ten (10) feet from the rear lot line. No off-street parking area, located in the front yard in a single-family residential zone, may exceed 400 square feet (two parking spaces) except, however, the zoning administrator may allow additional off-street parking spaces to be located thereon provided that the additional parking spaces will not cause the ratio of unpaved area to paved area (parking and driveway areas) in the front yard to be less than 3:1
      2. Multi-Family Residential Zones - (R-2, R-3): Off-street parking may be permitted in side or rear yards of permitted uses in these zones, provided that off-street parking facilities shall be set back a minimum of ten (10) feet from the rear lot line. Off-street parking may be permitted in required front yards, only if approved according to an approved development plan.
      3. Special Development Zones - (RCD, PUD and MHP) Off-street parking shall be located as designated on the approved plan.
      4. Commercial and Industrial Zones -Except as herein provided, off-street parking may be permitted in minimum required front, side, and rear yards of these zones, provided that all off-street parking facilities shall be set back a minimum of five (5) feet from any street right-of-way.
   2. All off-street parking facilities shall be located on the same lot as the building served, except for the following:
      1. Permitted uses locating within multi-family and industrial zones may supply off-street parking within three hundred (300) feet from such lot served, upon approval of the zoning administrator, providing that such off-street parking facilities are unable to be provided on the same lot or contiguous to the same lot as the building being served. In addition, said off-street parking shall be located in the same zone as the use being served.
      2. Existing single, two, or multi-family dwellings, which are permitted uses herein and occupy a lot of such size that off-street parking could not be provided on the same lot as the use being served, said off-street parking may be permitted to locate within a distance not to exceed three hundred (300) feet from said dwelling or dwellings upon approval of the zoning administrator. In addition, said off-street parking lot shall be located in the same zone as the use being served.
      3. Off-street parking, as required for a "conditional uses" may be permitted to locate on a lot other than the lot on which the building or use being served is located, when approved by the Board of Adjustment, provided that said parking is located at the most convenient and visible area of the parking facility nearest to the use or building being served and available at all times without restrictions for said purposes, except as provided under Section 11.0, E., of this ordinance.
      4. Permitted uses in the RCO Zone may utilize off-street parking as is available within 1,000 feet of the use served. Public parking in this area may be used to fulfill parking requirements. If parking is not exclusively available for the use, the owner or operator shall provide a study documenting that adequate parking is available for the use, recognizing the specific peak hour and turnover characteristics of the use in question and other users of the parking facilities.
4. COLLECTIVE PARKING PROVISION - Collective off-street parking facilities may be provided; however, the area for such parking facilities shall not be less than would other be individually required, except as provided under Shared Parking Provision Section 11.0, E.
5. SHARED PARKING PROVISION - When any land or building is under the same ownership, or upon submission of satisfactory guarantees of the continued operation and proper maintenance of the shared parking facility, and proposed development is for two (2) or more land uses excluding residential uses, the number of minimum required parking spaces shall be computed by multiplying the minimum number of parking spaces normally required for each land use by the appropriate percentage as shown in the following shared parking credit table for each of the five (5) time periods shown. The number of parking spaces required is then determined by adding the results in each column; The column total that generates the highest number of parking spaces becomes the minimum parking requirement.

1. 1. The following requirements shall apply to any shared parking facility for mixed use development.
      1. The shared parking facility must be located within five hundred (500) feet walking distance of the entrance to the establishment to be served. Said walkway access shall provide a safe means of pedestrian access to and from the establishment being served.
      2. Reserved spaces shall not be shared.
      3. It shall be determined at the time of parking facility plan approval that shared parking is possible and appropriate at the location proposed. Particular attention is needed to assure that sufficient and convenient short-term parking will be available to commercial establishments during the weekday daytime period. The short-term shared parking spaces must be located in the most convenient and visible area of the parking facility nearest the establishment being served.
      4. Any subsequent change in use shall require the issuance of a new zoning permit and proof that minimum parking requirements, per these regulations, will be met.
      5. Shared parking may be utilized for other uses, which are not shown in the parking credit table. The applicant shall prepare a similar calculation for the proposed uses, indicating the estimated percentage of each time period, based upon current parking information. Documentation shall be submitted by the applicant to demonstrate that the normal and regular operating hours of the uses proposing a shared parking arrangement do not coincide or overlap in any manner.

6. Driveways Not Computed As Part of Required Parking Area - Entrances, exits, or driveways shall not be computed as any part of a required parking lot or area, except in the case of single-family residential zones, where access driveways may be used for parking.
7. Off-Street Parking Space To Be Used For Parking Only - Any vehicle parking space shall be used for parking only. Any other use of such space, including repair work or servicing of any kind other than in an emergency, or the requirement of any payment for the use of such space, shall be deemed to constitute a separate commercial use in violation of the provisions of this ordinance.
8. No Building To Be Erected in Off-Street Parking Space - No building of any kind shall be erected in any off-street parking lot except a parking garage containing parking spaces equal to the requirements set forth in this section of the ordinance or a shelter house booth for a parking attendant providing the number of spaces required are not reduced.
9. Parking Plan Approval Required - Plans for all parking lot facilities, including parking garages, shall be submitted to the zoning administrator for review and for compliance with the provisions of this ordinance and such other pertinent ordinances of the city. Such plans shall show the number of spaces and arrangements or parking aisles, location of access points onto adjacent streets, provisions for vehicular and pedestrian circulation, location of sidewalks and curbs on or adjacent to the property, utilities, location of shelters for parking attendant, locations of signs, typical cross-sections of pavement, including base and sub-base, proposed grade of parking lot, storm drain-age facilities, location and type of lighting facilities and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant. Where such parking plans include provisions for access points to adjacent streets, then said plans shall also be prepared in accordance with the requirements of SECTION 11.3.

Effective on: 1/1/1901

Effective on: 1/1/1901

Effective on: 1/1/1901

1. Provision of Reserved Turning Lanes - At those access points where vehicles turning to and from the arterial and collector streets will affect the roadway capacity, reserved turn lanes shall be constructed by the developer.
2. Provision of Frontage Road - Where possible, provision for the construction of a frontage road shall be made. However, access to the arterial or collector streets via an intersecting street or a common driveway shall be investigated if such a design is not reasonable.
3. Coordination of Access Points - Major access points on opposite sides of the arterial and collector streets shall be located opposite each other, otherwise turning movement restrictions may be imposed by the planning commission or zoning administrator, whichever is applicable. In addition, in order to maximize the efficient utilization of access points, access drives shall be designed, located, and constructed in a manner to provide and make possible the coordination of access with and between adjacent properties developed (present or future) for similar uses. As a condition of approval for construction, use, or reuse of any access road, the zoning administrator may require that unobstructed and unencumbered access, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, be provided from any such access point to adjacent properties.
4. Spacing Restrictions for Signalized Access Points - Access points which will warrant signalization shall be spaced a minimum distance of one quarter mile apart. The exact location of the signal light shall be determined by a traffic engineering study which shall at least account for the following variables:
   1. Speed;
   2. Traffic signal phasing;
   3. Traffic signal cycle length;
   4. Roadway geometrics; and
   5. Accident experience.

   Provision for all turning movements to maintain the design capacity of the roadway shall be required.

5. Sight Distance - The location of access points shall comply with safe sight distance requirements as provided in Table 1A and Table 1B. The centerline of all access points shall intersect as nearly at a ninety (90) degree angle as possible, but in no case shall the angle of intersection be less than seventy-five (75) degrees or greater than one hundred five (105) degrees, unless approved by the planning commission or zoning administrator, whichever is applicable, due to certain exceptional conditions.
6. Location of Unsignalized Access Point 
   1. Arterial Streets
      1. Unsignalized access points shall be spaced a minimum distance of six hundred (600) feet apart. Turning restrictions and/or reserved lanes may be required.
      2. One access point per existing tract will be permitted; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point onto an arterial street (as provided in F., 1., a., above) cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements. In order for the intersecting local street or frontage road to function properly, access onto them should be controlled as follows:
         1. Access points onto local streets intersecting an arterial street shall be spaced a minimum distance of one hundred (100) feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, from the arterial street.
         2. In areas zoned to permit commercial, industrial, or multi-family residential use, access points from adjacent properties onto frontage roads, shall be no less than one hundred (100) feet measured from point of curb return to point of curb return from intersections of the frontage road with local or collector streets.
      3. Where the frontage of a tract is greater than five hundred (500) feet an additional access point may be permitted; however, the type of access will depend on the spacing requirements in F., 1., a.
         1. If the frontage of the tract is large enough, then at least one of the access points may have direct access onto the arterial street, provided the spacing requirements of Section F., 1., a., and all other requirements of this section of the ordinance. In the case where the frontage allows only one point of direct access due to spacing restrictions as provided herein, the second access point will be via a frontage road or an intersecting local street, or share a common driveway that meets the spacing restrictions as provided along the arterial street.
      4. If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section of the ordinance, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements or caused to be relocated by the zoning administrator at such time as the particular use served by the access point changes and/or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or sharing of a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval, in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where said access points are classified as "temporary", such designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.
   2. Collector Streets
      1. One two-lane roadways, one access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the frontage is greater than five hundred (500) feet, an additional access point may be permitted. Furthermore, the minimum spacing between adjacent access points on this type of facility shall be one hundred (100) feet, measured from point of curb return to point of curb return, except in the case where the street intersects another collector street or arterial street, then said access points shall be spaced a minimum of three hundred (300) feet from the intersection.
      2. On multi-lane roadways, the spacing is dependent on whether or not a barrier median exists (prohibiting left-turn movements). If a barrier median exists, access points may be spaced as close as three hundred (300) feet; however, certain turning movements will be prohibited. If a barrier median does not exist, then the minimum spacing of access points shall be six hundred (600) feet. In addition, some turning movements may be prohibited.
      3. One access point per existing tract will be allowed; however, if the spacing requirements for a direct access point, as provided in F., 2., a., cannot be met, then an access point may be located on a frontage road or on an intersecting street or share a common driveway that meets the spacing requirements.
      4. If a tract of land has no means of access that would meet the requirements of this section of the ordinance, one access point shall be provided. However, all such access points shall be considered a temporary right-of-way and may be terminated, reduced, limited to certain turning movements or caused to be relocated by the zoning administrator at such time as the particular use served by the access point changes and/or the property is otherwise provided an alternate means of access via a frontage road or an intersecting local street or share a common driveway. Provisions for the construction of a frontage road, restricted turning movements, or other improvements, may be required, as a condition to approval in order to minimize the number of access points and congestion to the adjacent street. In all cases where said access points are classified as "temporary", such designation shall be duly noted on the plot plan or site plan submitted for a zoning permit and also upon the deed of the property in question.
7. Width of Access Points
   1. In single-family residential zones, no access point width shall be less than nine (9) feet, nor more than twenty (20) feet. In all other zones, access points shall not be less than twelve (12) feet, nor more than forty-eight (48) feet in width. The width shall be as measured from the point of curb return to point of curb return (or edge of pavement if no curb exists) excluding the curb radius.
   2. The zoning administrator may modify (enlarge or reduce) the width to provide for a more efficient and safe channelization and/or flow of traffic.
8. Exceptions to Access Points Requirements - Where situations develop that may require special treatment, the requirements as provided in Section 11.3., A.-G., may be varied provided that a traffic engineering report is prepared by a qualified traffic engineer, establishing that the special treatment will have no adverse effects on the roadway safety and capacity.
9. Access Point Problem Areas - If, after special study, it is determined that the type of use or activity proposed would have an adverse effect on the safety and capacity of the adjacent roadway, the access point spacing requirements as contained in this section, may have to be increased in order to adequately solve the traffic movement.
10. Approval of Access Points Required - Plans for all access points and modifications thereto, (including plans to use existing access points where a change of use for any tract of land would generate more traffic than the previous use, thus producing an adverse effect on the adjacent roadway) shall be submitted to the zoning administrator and the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff, at a scale not less than 1 inch = 100 feet. No action of approving or rejecting these plans by the zoning administrator shall be taken until a review and recommendation of said plans has been made by the Northern Kentucky Area Planning Commission staff. Such plans shall show the location of all access points, and access points within 600 feet in either direction. The proposed access point shall include typical cross-sections of pavement, the base and subbase, proposed grade and storm drainage and such other information or plans as the circumstances may warrant. If such access points are being located in conjunction with off-street parking and/or loading and unloading facilities, then said plans shall also include parking and off-street loading and/or unloading plans, in accordance with SECTION 11.0 and SECTION 12.0 of this ordinance.
11. Approval of Access Points Along State-Maintained Routes by Kentucky Department of Transportation - A copy of the plans for all access points to be constructed along a state-maintained route shall also be submitted to the Kentucky Department of Transportation for review and approval during the same time as plans are submitted to the zoning administrator, as provided for in Section 11.3. No access point plans shall be approved or permits issued for construction by the zoning administrator, until said access point plans have been approved by the Kentucky Department of Transportation.

FIGURE 1A SIGHT DISTANCE FOR VEHICLES EXITING FROM ACCESS POINTS refer to Table 1A

FIGURE 1B  LEFT TURN SIGHT DISTANCE FOR VEHICLES ENTERING ACCESS POINTS refer to Table 1B

Effective on: 1/1/1901