(A) Purpose. Within the R1-Z Single-Family Residential Zoning District, a zero lot line development is allowed. The intent of the R1-Z, Zero Lot Line Residential District is to permit and establish regulations for comprehensively planned single-family tracts with zero side yard building setbacks (in R1-Z Zoned Districts only). The principal purposes of the zero lot line concept are:
(1) The more efficient use of land, as compared with the typical single-family development, making available needed housing at an affordable cost;
(2) The design of dwellings to integrate and relate internal/external living areas resulting in more pleasant and enjoyable living facilities; and
(3) By placing the dwelling against one of the property lines, permitting the outdoor space to be grouped and utilized to its maximum benefit.
(1) Attached single-family dwellings (a maximum of two attached units).
(2) Detached, zero lot line, one-family dwellings.
(3) Infill housing with a minimum of two side by side lots; provided, that the zero lot line side is not facing the adjacent nonzero lot line property.
(C) General regulations. Property and buildings in the R1-Z District shall be subject to the following area regulations:
(1) Minimum lot size. The minimum lot size shall be 4,000 square feet. This shall not include any credit for streets, recreational arm, common open space or water bodies.
(2) Dwelling unit setback.
(a) Interior side yard. The dwelling unit may be placed on one interior side property line with a zero-foot setback and the dwelling unit setback on the other interior side property line shall be a minimum of ten feet, excluding the connecting elements such as fences, walls and trellises. Covered porches, covered patios and storage spaces which are connected to the principal structure may not encroach into this ten-foot side yard.
(b) Front setback. All habitable parts of a dwelling must be set back a minimum of 20 feet from the front property line, while garages may be set back a minimum of ten feet based upon the approval by the Planning Commission and its approval of the site plan. Garage setbacks of less than 20 feet must have an entrance parallel to the street or be approved by the Planning Commission as part of the site plan review process. An adequate driveway turning radius shall be provided for the structure.
(c) Rear setback. The dwelling setback shall be a minimum of 15 feet from the rear property line. When a garage is located in the rear of the property, the rear setback shall be a minimum of 20 feet.
(d) Side street setback. When a zero lot line borders a city street on one side, the dwelling setback shall be a minimum of 15 feet from the property line on the street side.
(3) Minimum lot width. The minimum lot width shall be 40 feet.
(4) Minimum lot coverage permitted. The total lot coverage permitted for all buildings on the site shall not exceed 60% of the lot area (140 x 40 = 5,600 = 3,360 square foot house). Temporary storage structures are not included in this coverage percentage.
(5) Building height. No building shall exceed two stories or 35 feet in height. Upper story windows shall not face onto an adjacent property owner’s private space, or toward the zero lot line side.
(6) Street frontage. Each lot shall abut upon a clear, direct frontage of a dedicated city street. The zero lot line must abut upon the street line for a distance of not less than 30 feet.
(7) Platting requirements. Each dwelling shall be located on its own individual platted lot. If areas for common use of occupants of the development are shown on the plat, satisfactory arrangements shall be made for the maintenance of the common open space and facilities, in the form of a neighborhood association. The plat shall indicate the zero lot lines and easements appurtenant thereto.
(8) Openings prohibited on zero lot line side. The wall of the dwelling located on the zero lot line side must be constructed of maintenance free, solid decorative masonry and have no openings.
(9) Projections over property line. The structure shall be offset in such a manner that eaves, overhangs or any architectural features shall not encroach on the adjoining lot. All yard areas on the zero lot line side, part of which may result due to the placement of the foundation off the property line to accommodate roof overhangs and/or architectural elements, shall be used by the adjoining property owner. No yard area created due to this section forbidding dwelling or architectural features to project over any property line shall be fenced by the property owner but shall be reserved for use by the adjoining property owner. Any adjoining property owner may fence in an area up to the zero lot line of the adjacent lot in order to contain his or her side yard.
(10) Maintenance easement. A perpetual five-foot maintenance easement shall be provided on the lot adjacent to the zero lot property line, which, with the exception of walls and/or fences, shall be kept clear of structures. This easement shall be shown on the plat and incorporated into each deed transferring title to the property. The wall shall be maintained in its original color and treatment unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the two affected lot owners. The roof shall be so designed that water runoff from the dwellings placed on the zero lot line drains onto the owner’s property.
(11) Utility easement. Due to the increased densities and compactness of zero lot line developments, the location of utilities constitutes special consideration. In order to ensure adequate access to maintain utilities, it is necessary to place utilities in the front yard easement, street or combination. However, a rear yard utility easement is allowed when a rear drive or rear open space easement is provided.
(12) Off-street parking. A minimum of two paved off-street parking spaces shall be provided on each platted zero lot line lot.
(13) Accessory buildings and structures.
(a) Accessory buildings and structures shall be located within the front yard or street abutting side yard.
(b) No accessory building or structure shall be located within five feet of a dwelling or another accessory building nor within five feet of any property line.
(c) No accessory building or structure shall exceed ten feet in height without approval from the Zoning Board of Adjustment.
(14) Trees. There shall be a minimum requirement of one tree for each platted lot in order to enhance private space. In addition, street shade trees shall be provided along each side of the roadways at a minimum spacing of 40 feet in order to enhance the streetscape. This shall be in addition to the one tree required for each platted lot. Placement shall be determined by utility easement location.
(15) Fire protection. Walls on side yards shall have a minimum of one hour rated sheetrock installed and roofs shall be of flame resistant material and wooden, cedar shingle roofs are prohibited.
(D) Preliminary plat and review process. The city reserves the right to request additional information in the preliminary plat review process. The purpose of the additional information is to encourage logic, imagination, innovation and variety in the design process and ensure the congruity of the proposed development and its compatibility with the surrounding area. The Community Services Director shall review the plans for compliance with zoning regulations and the plat review criteria. The recommendation of the Community Services Director shall be transmitted to the appropriate board for consideration.
(1) Required exhibits. The following exhibits shall be prepared by design professionals such as architects, landscape architects and submitted to the Planning Commission for consideration and approval along with the preliminary plat:
(a) Site plan. The site plan shall show clearly the following items and their relationship to the preliminary plat:
1. A site plan showing all structures, driveway approaches, sidewalks, rear yards, fencing, decorative treatments on each lot and/or within the subdivision, existing and proposed landscaping including tree requirements. The site plan shall be approved by the Planning Commission prior to approval of the preliminary plat;
2. Recreation facilities and common open space;
3. Stages of development, if any; and
4. Location of off-street parking and additional parking areas serving the subdivision.
(b) Floor plans/elevations. Floor plans and elevations of all typical units shall accompany the site plan; visual and physical access to outside patio/court areas shall be indicated; single-family attached dwellings shall be specified as well.
(2) Preliminary plat review process. The following criteria shall be utilized in the plat review process:
(a) Site plan. The Planning Commission shall review and approve each zero lot line site plan prior to or concurrent with consideration of the preliminary plat.
(b) Review materials and criteria. The Planning Commission shall utilize the following materials and criteria in reviewing the site plan, floor plans/elevations and the preliminary plat.
1. Planning studies approved by the Community Services Director that include development patterns or environmental and other criteria may be utilized in the review process.
2. The zero lot line unit shall be designed to integrate interior and exterior living areas. The configuration of the exterior wall of the unit shall define and enclose, or partially enclose, outdoor living areas in order to be the usable space of each resident adjacent to the zero lot line side.
3. Visual monotony created by excessive block lengths shall be avoided. The Planning Commission shall utilize current zoning and subdivision regulations in making this determination and may base judgment upon visual appearance of the development.
4. Staggered building lines, varying lot widths and arrangements of structures in a manner other than perpendicular to the street shall be encouraged. The Planning Commission may, upon approval of the site plan, approve nontraditional building lines in an effort to encourage visual clarity in the zero lot line development. But, in no case shall the front yard setback requirement be violated.
5. The existing landscape shall be preserved in its natural state insofar as is practical by minimizing removal of existing trees and vegetation. Landscape shall be used to shade and cool, direct wind movements, enhance architectural features, relate structure design to the site, visually screen incompatible uses and ameliorate the impact of noise. The site plan shall reflect existing and proposed landscaping.
6. Architectural and/or landscape elements that provide a logical screen from adjoining, existing or permitted uses shall be provided.
7. Design methods to reduce energy consumption is encouraged. Energy conservation methods may include, but not be limited to, natural ventilation of structures, siting of structures in relation to prevailing breezes and sun angles, insulation of structures and the use of landscape materials for shade.
8. Visual access shall be provided for the driver of an automobile backing out of the individual lot into the adjacent roadway. Dwelling units on corner lots shall be so situated and set back as to provide unobstructed visual clearance at street intersections.
9. Open space intended for the private use of each individual dwelling unit should be so located and designed as to maximize its utility to the dwelling unit it serves and maximize its privacy, especially in relation to adjacent dwelling units.
10. Trash containers shall be screened and so designed as to be conveniently accessible to their users and collectors.
11. Utility boxes, meters and the like, shall be screened as desired by the developer to provide a pleasing visual image within each zero lot line subdivision.
12. A sidewalk plan shall be required on the site plan with sufficient sidewalk area to facilitate movement within the subdivision to provide a place for walking or playing.
(E) Final plat. The final plat on zero lot line subdivisions shall follow the review and processing as required on final plats within the subdivision regulations.
(F) Commencement of development. If development is not commenced within 24 months from the date of approval of the final plat, in accordance with subdivision regulations, the approval hereof shall become null and void and the same may not be developed in accordance with said plan; provided, that if development is permitted in stages, subsequent stages may be commenced within 18 months after the completion of the previous stage; otherwise, such subsequent stage may not be developed in accordance with the previously approved plan and such approval shall be null and void. Commencement of construction shall include, where necessary, substantial site improvement which shall include, but is not limited to, active and continuous road improvements, excavation, grading, leveling, installation of utilities and the like. After a 24-month period has expired and the development has not begun, the applicant must have the plat reviewed by the Planning Commission at no charge to the applicant. After five years has elapsed and the development has not been commenced, the plat shall not be approved and a new plat consistent with development standards at that time must be submitted to the Planning Commission for approval.
(Prior Code, § 12-3A-1) (Ord. 1075, passed 3-11-2008)