Sherwood Village City Zoning Code
ARTICLE VI
Off-Street Parking
§ 22-34 Authorization. [1]
Subject to the limitations of this article and § 22-18 of this chapter, off-street parking is permitted as an accessory use in all districts. Off-street parking as a principal use is permitted only when expressly authorized by the regulations applicable to the district.
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 25, Construction and Effect of Ordinances, Art. II).
§ 22-35 General requirements.
A.
Applicability to existing, new and expanded uses.
(1)
General applicability. Except as provided otherwise in this Subsection A, the provisions of this article shall apply to and off-street parking spaces sufficient to satisfy the requirements of this article shall be provided for all existing and new uses, in accordance with the provisions of Articles XVI and XVIII of this chapter.
(2)
Change in existing use. Whenever a use existing on the effective date of this chapter is changed thereafter to a new use, parking facilities shall be provided as required herein for such new use; provided, however, that when any such existing use was deficient in required parking spaces on such effective date, such new use may be established with a deficiency in required parking spaces equal in number to not more than such preexisting deficiency.
(3)
Increase in use intensity. Whenever the intensity of use of any structure or use is increased through the addition of dwelling units, floor area, seating capacity, or other units of measurement specified herein for required parking spaces, parking spaces as required herein shall be provided for such increase in intensity of use; provided, however, that this regulation shall not apply to the addition of dwelling units in any structure in the C-4 Office District.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 25, Construction and Effect of Ordinances, Art. II).
(4)
Exceptions.
(a)
Parking spaces in the C-4 District. Any owner or applicant to which the requirements of this subsection apply for any existing, new, or change in use in the C-4 Office District may pay to the Village, in lieu of providing the additional parking spaces necessary to satisfy the requirements of this article, a sum as prescribed in Chapter 40, Fees and Penalties, of this Code. Such sums so paid to the Village shall be used by the Village for the development and maintenance of additional parking facilities in said district or on property abutting said district.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 25, Construction and Effect of Ordinances, Art. II).
(b)
Minor additions. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Subsection A, no building or use lawfully existing on the effective date of this chapter or any amendment to it establishing parking requirements with respect to such structure or use shall be required to provide any additional parking spaces pursuant to this Subsection A unless and until the aggregate increase in the units of measurement by which the parking requirement is calculated shall equal 10% or more of the units of measurement required upon such effective date, in which event parking spaces as required herein shall be provided for the total aggregate increase.
(c)
Nonconforming locations and designs. Nothing herein shall prevent utilization of any parking space as an accessory use to any structure or use for parking of a vehicle that may lawfully be parked in such space solely because such space does not satisfy the location or design requirements of this chapter, or any amendment to it, if such space was validly in use as an accessory use to such structure or use on the effective date of this chapter or amendment.[3]
[3]
Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 25, Construction and Effect of Ordinances, Art. II).
B.
Location of required parking spaces.
(1)
General rule. Except as provided in Subsection B(2) of this section, parking spaces shall be located on the same zoning lot as the use to which they are accessory.
(2)
Deficiency space. When proposed to eliminate a parking deficiency because of a change in use or an increase in use intensity pursuant to Subsection A(2) or (3) of this section, parking spaces may be located within any district adjacent to the district in which the principal use in question is a permitted use, or within the same zoning district as, and within 100 feet of, the zoning lot on which the use to be served is located; provided, however, that such remote parking spaces may be allowed only when such remote site is covenanted to remain as parking for so long as said parking spaces are required to meet the standards of this chapter.
§ 22-36 Design and maintenance.
Every parking lot and garage shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the standards and requirements herein set forth:
A.
Location on lot. Off-street parking spaces may be provided on surface lots, underground, under a building, or in parking structures. Parking lots, areas and garages shall comply with the yard requirements made applicable to them by the regulations of the district in which they are located. See § 22-18 for additional regulations concerning the off-street storage of vehicles in residential districts.
B.
Screening and landscaping. All parking lots and garages shall comply with the screening and landscaping requirements set forth in Article IX of this chapter.
C.
Design.
(1)
Access to street.
(a)
Least interference. All parking lots, areas and garages shall be so located and designed as to provide access to adjacent streets with the least interference with through traffic movements.
(b)
Return radii. Driveways shall have a return radii of 20 feet at the point of access to the street.
(c)
Driveways. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, driveways serving single-family dwellings and driveways providing direct access from a parking lot to a street (and not serving as a circulation aisle) may traverse any required yard. The surface area of any such driveway from a parking lot to a street shall not exceed an area calculated by multiplying the width of the driveway times the depth of the required yard times a factor of 1.5.
(d)
Curb cut width. No curb cut across public property shall exceed 30 feet in width without the written approval of the Zoning Administrator.
(e)
Access across separate zoning lot. No such principal access to an adjacent street shall be provided through a zoning lot other than the zoning lot on which the parking lot is located, except that a secondary access across a permanent, recorded access easement may be provided in the form and substance satisfactory to the Village Attorney.
(2)
Turnaround area. Every parking lot or garage, other than a parking lot or garage accessory to a single- or two-family dwelling, shall be provided with a turnaround area or other means to permit cars to exit the parking lot or garage without backing onto any street or sidewalk.
(3)
Surface; drainage; marking. Every off-street parking lot and garage serving new residential and commercial structures shall be surfaced with bituminous or portland cement concrete pavement or other durable, dustless surface. All parking surfaces shall be graded and drained to dispose of surface water accumulation by means of a positive stormwater drainage system connected to a public storm sewer system. Except for surfaces designed to serve single- and two-family dwellings, individual stalls shall be clearly identified by painted markings four inches to six inches in width.
(4)
Lighting. Fixed lighting shall be provided in all parking lots and garages accommodating more than 10 vehicles. Such lighting shall be so arranged as to prevent direct glare of beams onto any public or private property or streets by the use of luminaire cutoffs. All lighting shall be reduced to security levels at all times of nonuse.
(5)
Tree planting area. Trees located within planting islands in paved areas shall have a minimum landscaping area of at least 36 square feet of surface area and a depth sufficient to allow the bottom of the tree ball to be planted with a washed gravel layer at the bottom of the tree planting area to allow proper drainage. If the soil is impervious, then a drainage pipe shall connect the tree planting area to a drainage structure.
(6)
Car stops. Every parking lot and garage, except parking lots and garages accessory to single- and two-family dwellings, shall be provided with curbs, car wheel stops, guardrails, barrier fences, or other suitable devices designed and located to protect required screening devices, landscaping, and structures from damage by vehicles using such lot or garage. This provision shall not construed to require car wheel stops for every parking space, but only in those cases where the Zoning Administrator determines that such stops are necessary or desirable to achieve the purposes of this subsection.
(7)
Circulation aisles. Each parking space, except spaces accessory to single- and two-family dwellings, shall be accessed by a circulation aisle of a width, in feet and inches, as specified below:
Parking Angle | One-Way Aisle Width | Two-Way Aisle Width | |
|---|---|---|---|
Parallel | 12' 0" | 24' 0" | |
45° | 12' 6" | 24' 0" | |
60° | 14' 6" | 24' 0" | |
90° | 22' 6" | 24' 0" |
(8)
Tandem spaces. No parking spaces shall be designed in tandem so that ingress to or egress from one space is blocked by a second space, except for spaces accessory to single-family or multiple-family dwelling units.
(9)
Backup area. Each parking space, except spaces accessory to single-family and two-family dwellings, shall be provided with sufficient backup area to permit egress in one maneuver, consisting of one backward and one forward movement, and shall be designed so that no vehicle is required to back up onto any street.
(10)
Space dimensions.
(a)
Each off-street parking space, excluding its associated circulation aisle, shall have the following minimum dimensions, in feet and inches:
Parking Angle | Stall Width | Stall Length | Stall Height | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parallel | 8' 0" | 20' 0" | 6' 8" | |
45° | 9' 0" | 17' 6" | 6' 8" | |
60° | 9' 0" | 19' 0" | 6' 8" | |
90° | 9' 0" | 18' 0" | 6' 8" |
(b)
The above-stated stall width dimensions shall be increased to 16 feet for required handicapped parking spaces or to the width required under applicable state law, whichever is greater.
(c)
The above-stated stall dimensions shall be reduced by 1/2 foot in length and 1/2 foot in width for commuter parking lots and structures.
(11)
Maintenance. All tree planting areas, parking lots, garages, and areas shall be properly maintained at all times so as to be free of potholes, broken curbs and other damaged or neglected features.
§ 22-37 Use of off-street parking lots or garages.
No off-street parking lot or garage shall be used for any purpose other than the temporary storage of motor vehicles related to the premises. The storage of merchandise and the sale or commercial repair of vehicles are prohibited.
§ 22-38 Landbanking of required parking.
A.
Landbanking authorized. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, the Plan Commission may, by conditional use permit, granted pursuant to § 22-110 of this chapter, reduce the total number of off-street parking spaces required to be paved pursuant to § 22-39 of this article or the stall length and width dimension required pursuant to § 22-36C(10) of this article, subject to acceptance by the property owner of the conditions set forth in Subsections B through D of this section.
B.
Termination of landbanking. The Plan Commission shall have the right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to require the property owner or his or her successor at any time to increase the stall length and width to the dimension required by § 22-36C(10) of this article or to increase the number of parking spaces provided to serve said development up to the maximum required by § 22-39 of this article for the property in question as if no conditional use permit for landbanking had been granted.
C.
Alternate plans required. Every application for a conditional use permit to allow landbanking of require parking spaces shall be accompanied by alternate detailed parking plans. One plan shall show the full stall length and width required by § 22-36C(10) of this article and the full number of parking spaces required pursuant to § 22-39 of this article. The other plan shall show the reduced stall length and width or the reduced number of parking spaces, or both, as the case may be, proposed to be provided pursuant to the conditional use permit being sought and also shall show the landscaping treatment of areas proposed to be reserved for future parking requirements. Both such plans shall show the location on the site of all parking areas, the exact number of parking spaces to be provided, and complete details for wheel stops, markings, curbing, surfacing, screening and landscaping, lighting, signing, and access. The design plans for such parking areas shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees.
D.
Open space covenant. As a condition of granting such conditional use permit, the applicant shall file with the Zoning Administrator his unconditional agreement and covenant in form and substance satisfactory to the Village Attorney that areas reserved for future parking shall be maintained as landscaped open space until and unless required to be used for off-street parking pursuant to Subsection B of this section or until such covenant is released by the Plan Commission. The ordinance granting such permit, together with such agreement and covenant, shall be recorded with the Register of Deeds in Calumet County, Wisconsin.
§ 22-39 Required spaces.
For the following uses, the following minimum number of off-street parking spaces or stacking spaces shall be provided:
A.
Residential:
(1)
Multiple-family dwellings: one for each efficiency dwelling unit, plus two for each one- or two- bedroom dwelling unit, plus three for each three- or more bedroom dwelling unit, plus one for each 20 spaces required by this subsection.
(2)
Single-family dwellings: three for each dwelling unit.
(3)
Senior citizen housing: one for each dwelling unit, plus one for each two employees.
(4)
Staff dwellings: one for each two rooming units.
(5)
Transitional service facilities: one for each three beds, plus one for each licensed practitioner, not including nurses and assistants, plus one for each additional two employees.
B.
Retail trade:
(1)
All retail trade uses not otherwise listed: one for each 200 square feet of net floor area.
(2)
Gasoline service stations, not including mini marts: three for each service bay, plus one for each employee.
(3)
Car washes: five stacking spaces leading to each washing rack or bay, plus one parking space for each employee.
(4)
Eating and drinking places: one for each two employees, plus one for each three persons of design capacity.
(5)
Drive-in facilities: six stacking spaces leading to each drive-in window.
C.
Finance, insurance, and real estate: one for each 250 square feet of net floor area.
D.
Business and professional offices: all uses except as otherwise listed in this subsection, as follows:
Gross Square Footage | Required Spaces | |
|---|---|---|
0 to 10,000 | 1 for each 250 square feet of net floor area | |
10,001 to 50,000 | 1 for each 275 square feet of net floor area | |
50,001 to 100,000 | 1 for each 300 square feet of net floor area | |
100,001 or more | 1 for each 335 square feet of net floor area |
E.
Services:
(1)
All services not otherwise listed: one for each 250 square feet of net floor area.
(2)
Hotels and other lodging places: one for each lodging room, plus one for each 200 square feet of net floor area devoted to affiliated meeting, lobby, recreational, and administrative uses, plus parking for affiliated eating and drinking places as herein specified.
(3)
Motion-picture theaters: one for each three persons of design capacity.
(4)
Bowling and billiard establishments: five for each lane, plus two for each table.
(5)
Physical fitness facilities: one for each three persons of design capacity.
(6)
Membership sports and recreation clubs: one for each three persons of design capacity.
(7)
Health service offices: one for each 175 square feet of net floor area.
(8)
Nursing and personal care facilities: one for each three beds, plus one for each licensed practitioner, not including nurses and assistants, plus one for each additional two employees.
(9)
Hospitals: one for each two beds, plus one for each active practitioner, not including nurses and assistants, plus one for each additional two employees.
(10)
Elementary schools: one for each two employees or one for each 15 students, whichever is greater.
(11)
Secondary schools: one for each five students or one for each three persons of auditorium design capacity, whichever is greater, plus one for each employee.
(12)
Libraries and information centers: one for each 250 square feet of public area, plus one for each three persons of auditorium design capacity.
(13)
Vocational schools, except correspondence schools: one for each 200 square feet of net floor area.
(14)
Child day-care services: one for each employee, plus one for each 10 children or three for each 1,000 square feet of net floor area, whichever is greater.
(15)
Museums and art galleries: one for each 250 square feet of public area, plus one for each three persons of auditorium design capacity.
(16)
Undertaking and funeral establishments: 25 for first chapel or parlor, plus 10 for each additional chapel or parlor.
(17)
Public parks: none for the first acre, plus five for each additional acre up to five acres, plus five for each acre in excess of five acres, plus one for each five persons of design capacity of any structure or facility located in the park.
(18)
Golf courses, including all related facilities: 80 for each nine holes.
(19)
Membership organizations: one for each 250 square feet of net floor area or one for each four persons of auditorium design capacity, whichever is greater.
F.
Public administration: one for each 250 square feet of net floor area or one for each three persons of design capacity, whichever is greater.
G.
Manufacturing and processing plants, laboratories, and warehouses: one for each two employees.
H.
Uses conducted outside structures: all uses except as otherwise specifically listed: one space for each 1,500 square feet of outdoor area devoted to such use, plus spaces as above required for any aspect of the use conducted within a structure.