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Sudbury City Zoning Code

ARTICLE 6000

Procedures

[Amended 4-2-2002 ATM by Art. 38; 5-6-2015 ATM by Art. 43]

6110 Establishment.

The Select Board shall appoint a Zoning Board of Appeals of five members, each for a term of five years. Vacancies shall be filled by the Select Board by appointment for the balance of the term in which the vacancy occurs. Associate members, to fill vacancies caused by unavoidable absence, inability to act or conflict of interest on the part of a member, shall be appointed by the Select Board annually for a term of one year.

6120 Powers.

The Zoning Board of Appeals shall have and exercise all the powers granted to it by Chapters 40A, 40B, and 41 of the General Laws and by this bylaw.

6130 Variances.

Variances shall be granted by the Zoning Board of Appeals only upon its written determination that all the following conditions are met and in accordance with MGL c. 40A, § 10, as amended from time to time:
6131. 
There must be special conditions relating to the soil conditions, shape, or topography of the land or structures thereon, and especially affecting the land or structures, but not affecting generally the zoning district in which the land is located.
6132. 
There must be a substantial hardship to the owner, financial or otherwise, if the provisions of the bylaw were to be literally enforced.
[Amended 5-6-2024 ATM by Art. 31]
6133. 
There must be no substantial detriment to the public good if the variance is granted.
6134. 
Granting the variance must not nullify or substantially derogate from the intent of purpose of the bylaw.
[Amended 5-6-2024 ATM by Art. 31]

6140 Use variances.

A use variance may be granted provided the statutory variance requirements enumerated in Section 6130 are met, only on lots that conform to one or more of the following conditions:
6141. 
Expiration of the time limit specified for a previously granted use variance;
6142. 
Existence prior to January 1, 1978, of uses of the same general classification as the use variance applied for, on lots adjoining the lot in question on both sides, or, if the lot in question is a corner lot, on both sides and the rear;
6143. 
Existence on the lot in question of a lawful use of such nuisance characteristics as to render unreasonable any conforming use of the lot in question; and
6144. 
Existence on the lot in question of a lawful structure or structures in good repair and of appearance compatible with its vicinity which can reasonably be maintained as a visual and taxable asset only if some nonconformity of use is permitted.
The use variance shall be granted only if the Zoning Board of Appeals makes all of the findings required by the special permit criteria in Section 6220, in addition to the findings required by statute for a variance in Section 6130, and subject to all of the following limitations:
6145. 
The extent of the use nonconformity as to floor space, bulk, number of occupants or other relevant measure shall be no greater than the minimum necessary to provide relief from the statutory hardship;
6146. 
The operation of the use nonconformity as to hours, noise, level of activity or other relevant way shall be so restricted as to assure compatibility with conforming uses in the vicinity; and
6147. 
If the use is authorized under Subsections 6142 or 6143 above by the prior existence of adjoining nonconformities or incompatibilities:
a. 
The use nonconformity on the lot in question shall be permitted no further from such prior adjoining conditions as the width of the lot or 100 feet, whichever is less; and
b. 
The use nonconformity shall be terminated within one year of the time when such adjoining conditions have been terminated, except that the Zoning Board of Appeals may grant a special permit for a further delay of not more than five years.

6150 Regulations.

The Zoning Board of Appeals may adopt rules and regulations for the administration of its powers.

6160 Fees.

The Zoning Board of Appeals may adopt reasonable administrative fees and technical review fees for petitions for variances, administrative appeals, and applications for comprehensive permits.

6210 Special permit granting authority.

Unless specifically designated otherwise, the Zoning Board of Appeals shall act as the special permit granting authority.

6220 Criteria.

6221. 
Unless otherwise specifically provided to the contrary, the Zoning Board of Appeals shall, before granting special permits, find that in its judgment all the following conditions are met:
a. 
That the use is in harmony with the general purpose and intent of the bylaw;
b. 
That the use is in an appropriate location and is not detrimental to the neighborhood and does not significantly alter the character of the zoning district;
c. 
Adequate and appropriate facilities will be provided for the proper operation of the proposed use;
d. 
That the proposed use would not be detrimental or offensive to the adjoining zoning districts and neighboring properties due to the effects of lighting, odors, smoke, noise, sewage, refuse materials or other visual nuisances;
e. 
That the proposed use would not cause undue traffic congestion in the immediate area.

6230 Procedures.

An application for a special permit shall be made in accordance with the rules and regulations of the special permit granting authority.

6240 Conditions.

Special permits may be granted with such reasonable conditions, safeguards, or limitations on time or use, including performance guarantees, as the special permit granting authority may deem necessary to serve the purposes of this bylaw.

6250 Plans.

An applicant for a special permit shall submit a plan in substantial conformance with the rules and regulations of the special permit granting authority.

6260 Regulations.

The special permit granting authority may adopt rules and regulations for the administration of this section.

6270 Fees.

The special permit granting authority may adopt reasonable administrative fees and technical review fees for applications for special permits.

6280 Lapse.

Special permits shall lapse if a substantial use thereof or construction thereunder has not begun, except for good cause, within 12 months following the filing of the special permit approval (plus such time required to pursue or await the determination of an appeal referred to in MGL c. 40A, § 17, from the grant thereof) with the Town Clerk.

6310 Applicability.

The following types of activities and uses require site plan review by the Planning Board:
6311. 
Construction or exterior expansion of, or change of use within, a municipal, institutional, exempt, commercial, or industrial structure involving more than 500 square feet;
6312. 
Construction or expansion of a parking lot for a municipal, institutional, exempt, commercial, or industrial structure or purpose;
6313. 
Construction or expansion of loading or vehicular service, including driveways giving access thereto for any municipal, institutional, exempt, commercial or industrial structure or purpose;
6314. 
Substantial alteration to areas for parking, loading or vehicular access, including a change in the layout or location of parking spaces, an increase in pavement area or any relocation, addition or change in driveways. Resurfacing shall not be construed as a substantial alteration unless it involves a change of surface material.
6315. 
Grading or clearing more than 10% of a lot, except for the following: landscaping on a lot with an existing structure or a proposed single- or two-family dwelling; clearing necessary for percolation and other site tests, work incidental to agricultural activity, work in conjunction with an approved subdivision plan, or work pursuant to an earth removal permit.
6316. 
Additions to wireless facilities pursuant to Subsection 4345.

6320 Interpretation.

"Change in use" means a change in part or all of an existing building or lot from one of the use categories listed in the chart below to another. Uses not included in the following chart shall be deemed to be included in the most nearly comparable use category. However, in a mixed- or multiuse building, change or rearrangement of uses that does not result in an increase of required parking or loading spaces according to the Table of Parking Requirements in Section 3100, hereof, shall not be construed as a change in use. For a use not included in said Table of Parking Requirements, the requirement for the most nearly comparable use appearing in the Table of Parking Requirements shall apply.
Classification of Uses
Educational
Repair shop and building trade
Religious
Veterinary and kennel
Philanthropic
Financial and business office
Medical center and nursing home
Medical center and laboratory
Lodge and club
Auto service station
Hotel and motel
Auto body shop
Retail store
Vehicular dealership
Personal service shop
Warehouse
Restaurant
Storage yard
Indoor recreation
Manufacturing, packaging, processing, testing
Outdoor recreation
Laboratory research and development
Funeral home
Professional office

6330 Procedures.

Applications for site plan approval shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Planning Board. The Planning Board shall review and act upon the site plan, with such conditions as may be deemed appropriate, within 120 days of its receipt, but after a public hearing has been held, and notify the applicant of its decision. A majority vote of the Planning Board shall be required and shall be in writing. No building permit or certificate of occupancy shall be issued by the Building Inspector without the written approval of the site plan by the Planning Board, unless 120 days lapse from the date of the submittal of the complete site plan without action by the Planning Board.
6331. 
Application for building permit. An application for a building permit to perform work as set forth in Section 6310 shall be accompanied by an approved site plan.
6332. 
Application for special permit or variance. An application for a special permit or a variance to perform work as set forth in Section 6310 shall be accompanied by an approved site plan; in the alternative, any special permit or variance granted for work set forth in Section 6310 shall contain the following condition:
The work described herein requires the approval of a site plan by the Sudbury Planning Board pursuant to Section 6300 of the Zoning Bylaw. Any conditions imposed in such site plan approval shall also be conditions of this special permit/variance.
6333. 
Where the Planning Board approves a site plan "with conditions" and said approved site plan accompanies a special permit or variance application to the Zoning Board of Appeals, the conditions imposed by the Planning Board shall be incorporated into the issuance, if any, of a special permit or variance by the Zoning Board of Appeals.
6334. 
The time limits set forth herein may be extended by mutual consent of the Planning Board and the applicant.
6335. 
Minor deviations from an approved site plan, as determined by the Planning Board, shall be permitted without formal modification thereof.

6340 Rules, regulations and fees.

The Planning Board shall adopt, and from time to time amend, rules and regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this Section 6300 or MGL c. 40A or other applicable provisions of the General Laws, and shall file a copy of said rules and regulations with the Town Clerk. Such rules shall prescribe, as a minimum, the size, form, contents, style and number of copies of plans and specifications, the Town boards or agencies from which the Planning Board shall request written reports, and the procedure for submission and approval of a site plan. Such rules and regulations form an integral part of this Section 6300.

6350 Application.

Any person seeking site plan approval shall submit a written application therefor to the Planning Board. Each such application shall be accompanied by the following:
6351. 
A written statement detailing the proposed use, the extent of the building coverage and open space, drainage calculations and calculations of the volume of earth to be removed.
6352. 
Site plan(s) prepared by a registered professional engineer or registered land surveyor, as appropriate to the data, showing all lot lines and setbacks, zoning district boundaries including floodplain; all wetlands and wetland buffer zones; all areas designated as open space; all existing and proposed topography at one-foot intervals; buildings, structures, signs with location and size; parking and loading spaces; the limits of all paving and open storage areas and facilities for sewage, waste disposal and drainage. The site plan shall include that portion of any adjacent land owned or used by the applicant on which the use is similar to or connected with the use for which this site plan approval is sought.
6353. 
A landscape plan(s) shall be prepared by a registered landscape architect in all cases where the plan(s) specifies a proposed facility of 10,000 square feet or more of gross floor area, or a facility requiring 40 or more parking spaces. In any case, a landscape plan shall show the limits of work, the existing tree line and all proposed landscape features and improvements, including walks, planting areas with size and type of stock for each shrub or tree; walls, fences, outdoor lighting and existing and proposed contours of the land at two-foot intervals.
6354. 
A building plan(s) and elevations shall be prepared by a registered architect in all cases where the plan specifies a facility of 35,000 cubic feet or more of gross volume. In any case a building plan(s) shall show the front elevation of the building and its height; and floor plan(s) for the building(s) showing the layout of each floor with a tabular summary of the gross floor area used to calculate the required parking and the proposed uses to be conducted on each floor. An architectural rendering of the appearance of the proposed new or altered structures, showing front and side features as they will appear from the public way or private access, shall also be submitted.
6355. 
Signs and outdoor advertising features shall be subject to the regulations of Section 3200, Signs and Advertising Devices. Such signs shall be reviewed as an integral element in the design and planning of all developments.
6356. 
Such other information as the Board may reasonably require including special studies or reports, such as traffic or hydrological impact studies.

6360 Reports from Town boards or agencies.

The Planning Board shall transmit forthwith a copy of the application and plan(s) to the Select Board, Board of Health, Conservation Commission, Design Review Board, Town Engineer, Building Inspector, Fire Chief and such other boards, departments or committees as it may deem necessary or appropriate for their written reports. Any such board or agency to which petitions are referred shall make recommendations or submit such reports as it deems appropriate and shall send a copy thereof to the Planning Board and to the applicant prior to the scheduled hearing on the site plan.

6370 Minor site plan.

The Planning Board may, upon written request of the applicant, waive any of the technical requirements of this Section 6300, including the requirement for a public hearing, where the project involves relatively simple development plans or constitutes a minor site plan. Applications for permits to build, alter or expand any nonresidential building, structure or use in any district where such construction will exceed a total gross floor area of 500 square feet but not exceed a total gross floor area of 2,000 square feet, or will not generate the need for more than 10 parking spaces, shall be deemed a minor site plan. For the purposes of computing the total gross floor area of a minor site plan, the Planning Board shall aggregate the gross floor area of new construction permitted within the five previous calendar years. Minor site plans shall set forth all of the information required by Section 6350; provided, however, that the scale of the site plan may as agreed upon with the Planning Board, need not be prepared by a professional, and the plan may depict topographical contours at intervals available on maps provided by the United States Geological Survey.

6380 Approval.

Site plan approval shall be granted upon determination by the Planning Board that the plan meets the following objectives. The Planning Board may impose reasonable conditions at the expense of the applicant, including performance guarantees, to promote these objectives. Any new building construction or other site alteration shall provide adequate access to each structure for fire and service equipment and adequate provision for utilities and stormwater drainage consistent with the functional requirements of the Planning Board's Subdivision Rules and Regulations. New building construction or other site alteration shall be designed in the site plan after considering the qualities of the specific location, the proposed land use, the design of building form, grading, egress points, and other aspects of the development, so as to:
6381. 
Minimize the volume of cut and fill, the number of removed trees six inches caliper or larger, the length of removed stone walls, the area of wetland vegetation displaced, the extent of stormwater flow increase from the site, soil erosion, and threat of air and water pollution;
6382. 
Maximize pedestrian and vehicular safety both on the site and egressing from it;
6383. 
Minimize obstruction of scenic views from publicly accessible locations;
6384. 
Minimize visual intrusion by controlling the visibility of parking, storage, or other outdoor service areas viewed from public ways or premises residentially used or zoned;
6385. 
Minimize glare from headlights and other light sources from the site onto other properties;
6386. 
Minimize unreasonable departure from the character, materials, and scale of buildings in the vicinity, as viewed from public ways and places;
6387. 
Minimize contamination of groundwater from on-site wastewater disposal systems or operations on the premises involving the use, storage, handling, or containment of hazardous substances; and
6388. 
Ensure compliance with the provisions of this Zoning Bylaw, including parking and landscaping.
6389. 
No certificate of occupancy shall be issued by the Building Inspector until the site has been developed in compliance with the approved site plan, unless completion is delayed by seasonal considerations. In such instances, the Building Inspector may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy and shall require sufficient security to insure full compliance within six months.

6390 Special provisions in Village Business District.

In reviewing a site plan within the Village Business District, the Planning Board shall require the following: a) pedestrian circulation shall be safe and easy between all abutting properties, as well as within an individual property; b) all new structures and alterations to existing structures shall be respectful of the scale and visual character of the existing neighborhood; and c) all plans shall be reviewed by the Design Review Board in a public hearing.

6390A Lapse and appeal.

Site plan approval shall lapse after two years from the grant thereof if a substantial use thereof has not sooner commenced except for good cause. Such approval may, for good cause, be extended in writing by the Planning Board upon the written request of the applicant. An appeal from a decision of the Planning Board relating to the substantive provisions of the Zoning Bylaw pursuant to Section 6300 shall be taken in accordance with the provisions of MGL c. 40A, § 8.

6410 Appointment; term; duties.

A majority of the Planning Board shall appoint one individual as an associate member of the Planning Board for applications where the Planning Board acts as a special permit granting authority. An associate member shall be appointed every two years by the Planning Board. In the event of a vacancy in the position of associate member, the position shall be filled in the same manner as in the case of the original appointment. The Chair of the Planning Board may require such associate member to be in attendance at special permit hearings and may designate such associate member to sit on the Board in the case of absence, inability to act, or conflict of interest on the part of any member of the Planning Board, or in the event of a vacancy on the Board.

6510 Establishment and membership.

A Design Review Board is hereby established. Said Design Review Board shall consist of five members who shall be appointed by the Planning Board in the manner prescribed herein. Members of the Design Review Board shall include, where possible in order of preference, an architect, a landscape architect, a resident from within or near the Business District and a graphics designer. Members shall serve for three years or until their successors are appointed.

6520 Organization.

The Design Review Board shall elect from among its members a Chair, Vice Chair and shall arrange for the services of a secretary and such other officers or employees as is deemed necessary. Each officer shall serve for a term of one year. The Design Review Board shall adopt rules and guidelines as are considered necessary to the conduct of its responsibilities which shall be a matter of public record. Meetings shall be held at the call of the Chair and at such other times as the Board may determine.

6530 Proceedings.

The Board shall keep records of its proceedings showing the vote of each member on every question, of the fact of their absence or failure to vote, and the final decision of the Board. Records shall also be kept of all plans, photographs and any other documents pertaining to each case, as well as all examinations, findings, determinations, and any other official action, including all reasons for all decisions and conditions prescribed; and all such items shall be a matter of public record. Decisions of the Design Review Board shall be by a simple majority and no final action shall be taken without the concurrence of at least three members.

6540 Duties and procedures.

Whether or not requested by the applicant, the Design Review Board shall review all applications for building permits, special permits or variances for all proposals for nonresidential uses if involving new construction, exterior alteration, or a sign larger than six square feet. An extra copy of all usual submittals required for such proposals shall be provided through the Inspector of Buildings. The Design Review Board review shall preferably be done in consultation with the applicant and their designer. The Design Review Board shall make an advisory report, in writing, to the applicant and as follows. Lack of a report from the Design Review Board shall not be sufficient reason to delay action on a proposal which otherwise could be acted upon by the Building Inspector, special permit granting authority, or Zoning Board of Appeals.
6541. 
For signs and building permits: a report to the Building Inspector regarding any changes to which the applicant has voluntarily agreed.
6542. 
For special permits: to the special permit granting authority regarding effect of the amenity on the neighborhood.
6543. 
For variances: to the Zoning Board of Appeals regarding possible detriment to the public good or derogation from the intent or purpose of the bylaw.

6610 Authority

This bylaw may from time to time be changed by amendment, addition, or repeal by the Town Meeting in the manner provided in MGL c. 40A, § 5, and any amendments thereto.

6710 Severability.

The invalidity of any section or provision of this bylaw shall not invalidate any other section or provision herein.