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Trenton City Zoning Code

ARTICLE 2

Definitions and Measurement Methodologies

§ 315-2.1 RULES OF INTERPRETATION.

The terms in the text of this Ordinance are interpreted in accordance with the following rules of construction:
A. 
The singular number includes the plural, and the plural the singular.
B. 
The present tense includes the past and future tenses, and the future tense includes the present.
C. 
The terms "must," "shall," and "will" are mandatory.
D. 
The terms "may" and "can" are permissive.
E. 
The terms "must not," "will not," "cannot," "may not," and "shall not" are prohibiting.
F. 
Any gender includes all genders.
G. 
Whenever a defined word or term appears in the text of this Ordinance, its meaning must be construed as set forth in the definition. Words not defined must be interpreted in accordance with the definitions considered to be normal dictionary usage.

§ 315-2.2 GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS.

The following abbreviations may be used within this Ordinance:
BTL is an abbreviation for "build-to line."
BTZ is an abbreviation for "build-to zone."
GFA is an abbreviation for "gross floor area."
ft is an abbreviation for "feet."
N/A is an abbreviation for "not applicable."
NR is an abbreviation for "nonresidential."
sqft is an abbreviation for "square feet."
SF is an abbreviation for "single-family."
SF-A is an abbreviation for "single-family - attached."
2F is an abbreviation for "two-family."
RH is an abbreviation for "rowhouse."
MF is an abbreviation for "multi-family."

§ 315-2.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS.

ABANDONMENT
The relinquishment of property, or a cessation of the use of the property, by the owner or lessee without any intention of transferring rights to the property to another owner or of resuming the use of the property.
ABUT
To physically touch or border on, or to share a common property line but not overlap.
ACCESS
A way or means of approach to provide vehicular or pedestrian physical entrance to a property.
ACCESSIBILITY RAMP
A ramp or similar structure that provides wheelchair or similar access to a structure.
ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT (ADU)
An additional dwelling unit located on the same lot with and incidental to, a principal single-family dwelling. An accessory dwelling unit may be attached to the principal building or detached and must include separate cooking and sanitary facilities, with its own means of ingress and egress.
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE
A structure detached from a principal building located on the same lot and customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal building or use.
ACCESSORY USE
A use of land or of a building or portion thereof customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal use of the land or building and located on the same lot with the principal use.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
The establishment of a new use within an existing building typically originally designed for a specific type of use.
ADDITION
A structure added to the original structure at some time after the completion of the original or an extension or increase in floor area or height of a building or structure. For the purposes of this section, "at some time after" is usually defined as after the certificate of occupancy has been issued for the original structure.
ADJOINING
A lot or parcel of land that shares all or part of a common lot line with another lot or parcel of land.
ADULT USE
A business that sells or disseminates explicit sexual material, and at which access to the public display of explicit sexual material is restricted to persons 18 years of age or older. An adult bookstore, adult cabaret, or adult motion picture theater are considered adult uses and are defined as follows:
1. 
ADULT RETAILA business which offers for sale or rent 15% or more of materials any of the following: publications, books, magazines, periodicals, photographs, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, DVD, or other video reproductions, or other visual representations that depict or describe specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas, or instruments, devices, or paraphernalia that are designed for use in connection with specified sexual activities.
2. 
ADULT ARCADEA business where, for any form of consideration, one or more still or motion picture projectors, slide projectors or similar machines are used to show films, motion pictures, video cassettes, DVD, slides, computer generated graphics, or other photographic reproductions which are characterized by an emphasis upon the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
3. 
ADULT CABARETA business that features dancers, go-go dancers, exotic dancers or similar entertainers, or live entertainment, in which persons regularly appear in a state of nudity, or where live performances are characterized by the exposure of specified anatomical areas or by specified sexual activities. Adult cabaret establishments specifically exclude minors, or minors are specifically prohibited by statute or ordinance, regardless of whether any such business is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages.
4. 
ADULT MOTION PICTURE THEATERA business used for presenting motion pictures that are distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing, or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas for observation by patrons.
5. 
ADULT HOTEL/MOTELA hotel or motel or similar business establishment that rents, leases or lets any room for less than a six-hour period, or rents, leases or lets any single room more than twice in a 24-hour period.
6. 
The following definitions describe the sexually oriented activities contained within the general definitions for the above adult uses:
a. 
SEXUALLY ORIENTED DEVICESAny artificial or simulated specified anatomical area or other device or paraphernalia that is designed in whole or part for specified sexual activities.
b. 
SPECIFIED ANATOMICAL AREALess than completely and opaquely covered genitals, pubic region, buttock, and female breast below a point immediately above the top of the areola, or human male genitals in a discernible turgid state, even if completely and opaquely covered.
c. 
SPECIFIED SEXUAL ACTIVITIESAny activity that includes human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal; acts of human masturbation, sexual intercourse, or sodomy; or fondling or erotic touching of human genitals, pubic regions, buttocks, or female breasts, even if completely and opaquely covered.
AISLE
The traveled way by which cars enter and depart parking spaces. Also called a travel aisle.
ALLEY
A service roadway providing a secondary means of access to abutting property and not intended for general traffic circulation.
ALTERATION
Any change or rearrangement in the supporting members of an existing building, such as bearing walls, columns, beams, girders, or interior partitions, as well as any change in doors, windows, or means of ingress or egress; or any enlargement to or diminution of a building or structure, whether horizontally or vertically; or the moving of a building or structure from one location to another.
ALTERNATIVE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY
A monitored housing facility for adults or minors that is required by the courts or otherwise available as an alternative to incarceration.
AMATEUR (HAM) RADIO EQUIPMENT
An amateur (ham) radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), including equipment such as, but not limited to, a tower or building-mounted structure supporting a radiating antenna platform and other equipment.
AMUSEMENT FACILITY - INDOOR
A facility for spectator and participatory uses conducted within an enclosed building, such as movie theaters, indoor sports arenas, bowling alleys, tumbling centers, skating centers, roller rinks, escape room/physical adventure game facilities, ax throwing, and pool halls. Indoor amusement facilities do not include live performance venues. An indoor amusement facility may include uses such as, but not limited to, concession stands, eating and drinking establishments, and retail sales as ancillary uses.
AMUSEMENT FACILITY - OUTDOOR
A facility for spectator and participatory uses conducted outdoors or within partially enclosed structures, such as outdoor sports stadiums, batting cages, and miniature golf courses. An outdoor amusement facility may include uses such as, but not limited to, concession stands, eating and drinking establishments, and retail sales as ancillary uses.
ANCILLARY
In regard to principal uses, a structure or use that provides support and is typically integral to a principal structure or use.
ANIMAL CARE FACILITY
An establishment which provides care for domestic animals, including veterinary offices for the treatment of animals, where animals may be boarded during their convalescence, pet grooming establishments, animal training centers and clubs, and pet boarding facilities, where animals are boarded during the day and/or for short-term stays.
ANIMAL SHELTER
A facility used to house or contain stray, homeless, abandoned, and/or unwanted animals.
APIARY
A structure for the keeping of honeybees.
APPURTENANCE
The visible, functional, or ornamental objects accessory to, and part of, buildings or structures.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE
A part or projection that contributes to the aesthetics of a structure, exclusive of signs, that is not necessary for the structural integrity of the structure or to make the structure habitable.
ART GALLERY
An establishment that sells, loans and/or displays paintings, sculpture, photographs, video art, or other works of art. Art gallery does not include a cultural facility, such as a library or museum, which may also display paintings, sculpture, photographs, video art, or other works.
ARTICULATION
For structures, a change in the depth of the building plane, roofline, or height.
ARTS AND FITNESS STUDIO
An establishment where an art or activity is taught, studied, or practiced such as dance, martial arts, photography, music, painting, gymnastics, pilates, or yoga. An arts studio also includes private exercise studios for private sessions with trainers and/or private classes; health clubs are not an arts and fitness studio, but a personal service establishment.
AWNING
A roof-like cover that projects from the wall of a building for the purpose of shielding a doorway or window from the elements.
BALCONY
A roofed or unroofed platform that projects from the exterior wall of a structure above the ground floor, which is exposed to the open air, has direct access to the interior of the building, and is not supported by posts or columns extending to the ground.
BANNER
A temporary sign printed upon flexible material mounted with or without rigid frames on a building.
BAY WINDOW
A window that projects outward from the structure, which does not rest on the building foundation or on the ground.
BED AND BREAKFAST
A single-family dwelling where a resident/owner provides lodging for a daily fee and prepares meals for guests. A bed and breakfast may include dining facilities for the guests.
BERM
An earthen mound designed to provide visual interest on a site, fully or partially screen undesirable views, reduce noise, or fulfill similar purposes.
BIKE FACILITY
Improvements to accommodate bicyclists, including bike parking facilities, bike lanes, and facilities for bicyclists such as repair stations and shower facilities.
BIKE LANE
A designated right-of-way for bicycles, separated from pedestrians and motor vehicles.
BIKE SHARE
A service that provides bike rental to members, typically billable by time increments.
BIOSWALE
Constructed channels or depressions planted with native vegetation and designed to slow down and filter stormwater.
BLANK WALL
The horizontal linear dimension of contiguous building wall that does not contain fenestration, doors, or decorative elements such as banding, medallions, artwork such as murals and mosaics, change in wall plane of at least three inches, or other architectural or material embellishment. Any wall less than five feet in height is not considered to be a blank wall.
BLANK WALL
BLOCK
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BLOCKFACE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BLUE ROOF
A roof designed to temporarily store water and slowly discharge rainfall.
BODY MODIFICATION ESTABLISHMENT
An establishment that offers tattooing services, body piercing, and/or non-medical body modification. Body modification establishment does not include an establishment that offers only ear piercing as an ancillary service.
BROADCASTING FACILITY - TV/RADIO
A facility engaged in broadcasting and information relay services for radio and television signals, including studio facilities. A broadcasting facility may or may not include antennas to broadcast the signal.
BUFFER
An area of dimensional separation between land uses, buildings, or structures, which is undeveloped, with installed screening and/or undisturbed and left in a natural condition.
BUFFER YARD
An area of land within a property or site, generally adjacent to and parallel with a property line, to allow adequate screening of view and assist in minimizing noise and other potential impacts of the activity taking place within the property or site from an adjoining property, site, or the public right-of-way.
BUILD-TO LINE (BTL)
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BUILD-TO PERCENTAGE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BUILD-TO ZONE (BTZ)
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BUILDABLE AREA
The portion of a lot, excluding required setbacks, where a structure or building improvements may be erected.
BUILDING
Any structure having a roof supported by columns or walls and intended for the shelter, housing, or enclosure of any individual, animal, process, equipment, goods, or materials of any kind and intended for use in one place.
BUILDING COVERAGE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BUILDING ENVELOPE
The three-dimensional space within which a structure is permitted to be built on a lot and which is defined by regulations governing building setbacks, maximum height, and bulk, by other regulations, and/or by any combination thereof.
BUILDING FOOTPRINT
The area encompassed by a building's outer wall at ground level.
BUILDING HEIGHT
Defined in § 315-2.4.
BUILDING LINE
A line measured at the building wall of a structure between parallel lot lines. For the purposes of establishing a building line, the building wall does not include permitted encroachments of architectural features, such as bay windows, eaves, and steps and stoops.
BUILDING LINE (PLAN VIEW)
BUILDING LINE (3-D VIEW)
BUILDING PERMIT
A permit issued by the duly designated building official authorizing the erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, conversion, or maintenance of a building, structure, or portion thereof.
CANNABIS: ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER
An entity located in New Jersey that, on the effective date of P.L.2019, c. 153 (C.24:61-5.1 et al.), has an addiction medicine faculty practice or is in the same health care system as another facility located in New Jersey that offers outpatient medical detoxification services or inpatient treatment services for substance use disorder; has a pain management faculty practice or a facility-based pain management service located in New Jersey; has graduate medical training programs accredited, or pending accreditation, by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or the American Osteopathic Association in primary care and medical specialties; is the principal teaching affiliate of a medical school based in the State; and has the ability to conduct research related to medical cannabis. If the entity is part of a system of health care facilities, the entity shall not qualify as an academic medical center unless the health care system is principally located within the State. In the case of conflict with the definition in Chapter 146, Licensing, Article IX, Cannabis Businesses, of the City Code, Chapter 146 will control.
CANNABIS: CLASS 1 THROUGH 6
The following terms are defined in terms of cannabis licensing per Chapter 146, Licensing, Article IX, Cannabis Businesses, of the City Code. In the case of conflict with the definitions in Chapter 146, Article IX, Chapter 146 will control. Additional terms within these definitions are defined in Chapter 146, Article IX.
1. 
CLASS 1CANNABIS CULTIVATORS — A building, structure, or premises used for the cultivation or storage of cannabis. Includes the planting, propagating, cultivation, growing, harvesting, labeling or manufacturing, compounding and storing of cannabis for the limited purpose of this chapter. A cultivation center may be physically separate and off-site from the associated licensee's cannabis dispensary. When connected to, or part of, the same property by which an ATC (Alternative Treatment Center) dispenses from, it is considered part of the ATC or Dispensary.
2. 
CLASS 2CANNABIS MANUFACTURERS — Facility involved with compounding, making, and processing of medical cannabis in all forms including those that involve food handling.
3. 
CLASS 3CANNABIS WHOLESALERS — Any licensed person or entity that purchases or otherwise obtains, stores, sells or otherwise transfers and may transport, cannabis items for the purpose of resale or other transfer to either another cannabis wholesaler or to a cannabis retailer, but not to consumers. This person or entity shall hold a Class 3 Cannabis Wholesaler license.
4. 
CLASS 4CANNABIS DISTRIBUTORS — Any licensed person or entity that transports cannabis in bulk intrastate from one licensed cannabis cultivator to another licensed cannabis cultivator, or transports cannabis items in bulk intrastate from any one class of licensed cannabis establishment to another class of licensed cannabis establishment and may engage in the temporary storage of cannabis or cannabis items as necessary to carry out transportation activities. This person or entity shall hold a Class 4 Cannabis Distributor license.
5. 
CLASS 5CANNABIS DISPENSARIES — A retail facility that acquires, possesses, sells, distributes, transmits, gives, dispenses, or otherwise provides cannabis to person 21 years and older. This category includes both medical and adult use establishments.
6. 
CLASS 6CANNABIS DELIVERY — Any licensed person or entity that provides courier services for consumer purchases of cannabis items and related supplies fulfilled by a cannabis retailer in order to make deliveries of the cannabis items and related supplies to that consumer, and which services include the ability of a consumer to purchase the cannabis items directly through the cannabis delivery service, which after presenting the purchase order to the cannabis retailer for fulfillment, is delivered to that consumer. This person or entity shall hold a Class 6 Cannabis Delivery license.
CANNABIS: VERTICALLY INTEGRATED CANNABIS FACILITY
The co-location or combination of the following activities related to the production of usable cannabis for qualifying patients within a single corporate entity: cultivation, manufacturing, and dispensing. New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act (NJCREAMMA) does not permit vertically integrated cannabis facilities with regard to adult use cannabis. In the case of conflict with the definition in Chapter 146, Licensing, Article IX, Cannabis Businesses, of the City Code, Chapter 146 will control.
CANOPY
A canopy is a roof-like cover designed for protection from the weather or as a decorative embellishment affixed to a building or freestanding, with supports that extend to the ground.
CAR WASH
An establishment for the washing and cleaning of vehicles or other light duty equipment, whether automatic, by hand, or self-service. The car wash facility may be within an enclosed structure, an open bay structure, or similar configurations.
CARPORT
A roofed structure providing space for the parking of motor vehicles and enclosed on not more than three sides.
CEMETERY
Land and structures reserved for the interring of human remains or the interring of animal remains. Cemeteries may include structures for performing religious ceremonies related to the entombment of the deceased, mortuaries, including the sales of items related to the internment of remains, and related accessory structures, such as sheds for the storage of maintenance equipment. Cemeteries may also include crematoriums and embalming facilities.
CHANGEABLE MESSAGE BOARD
A sign designed where a portion of the sign area allows for a message to be changed manually. A changeable message board sign does not include electronic message signs or portable reader-board sign.
CHARGING LEVEL
The amount of voltage provided to charge an electric vehicle varies depending on the type of EVSE as follows:
1. 
Level 1 operates on a 15 to 20 amp breaker on a 120 volt AC circuit or other comparable industry standard.
2. 
Level 2 operates on a 40 to 100 amp breaker on a 208 or 240 volt AC circuit or other comparable industry standard.
3. 
Direct-current fast charger (DCFC) operates on a 60 amp or higher breaker on a 480 volt or higher three phase circuit with special grounding equipment or other comparable industry standard. DCFC stations can also be referred to as rapid charging stations that are typically characterized by industrial grade electrical outlets that allow for faster recharging of electric vehicles.
CHILDREN'S HOME
An institutional residential facility that provides housing for and care to minors who are wards of the state, whose parents or guardians are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them. This includes institutions that are located in one or more buildings on contiguous property with one administrative body.
CHIMNEY
A vertical shaft of reinforced concrete, masonry or other approved material enclosing one or more flues, for the purpose of removing products of combustion from solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel.
CO-LOCATION
Placement of equipment from more than one service or service provider on a single tower or site.
COLDFRAME STRUCTURE
A temporary unheated outdoor structure consisting of a wooden or concrete frame and a top of glass or clear plastic, used for protecting seedlings and plants from the cold.
COMMERCIAL KITCHEN (STANDALONE)
A certified shared commercial kitchen in which individuals or businesses prepare value-added food products and meals, usually paying an hourly or daily rate to lease a space shared by others.
COMMERCIAL USE
Activity involving the sale of goods or services carried out for profit.
COMMUNITY CENTER
A facility used as a place of meeting, recreation, or social activity, that is open to the public and is not operated for profit, and offers a variety of educational and community service activities. A community center may serve as a local "food hub" where regionally grown food, including value added food, can be grown and/or brought for distribution and sale.
COMMUNITY GARDEN
Fruits, flowers, vegetables, or ornamental plants cultivated by a group of people rather than a single individual or single household.
COMMUNITY RESIDENCE
Community residence for persons with developmental disabilities means any community residential facility licensed pursuant to P.L.1977, c.448 (C.30:11B-1 et seq.) providing food, shelter, and personal guidance, under such supervision as required, to not more than 15 persons with developmental disabilities or with mental illnesses, who require assistance, temporarily or permanently, in order to live in the community, and shall include, but not be limited to: group homes, halfway houses, intermediate care facilities, supervised apartment living arrangements, and hostels. Such a residence shall not be considered a health care facility within the meaning of the "Health Care Facilities Planning Act," P.L.1971, c. 136 (C.26:2H-1 et al.). In the case of such a community residence housing persons with mental illness, the residence shall have been approved for a purchase of service contract or an affiliation agreement pursuant to procedures as shall be established by regulation of the Division of Mental Health and Addiction Services in the Department of Human Services. As used in P.L. 1978, c. 159 (C.40:55D-66.1 et seq.), "person with a developmental disability" means a person with a developmental disability as defined in section 2 of P.L. 1977, c.448 (C.30:11B-2), and "person with a mental illness" means a person with a mental illness as defined in section 2 of P.L. 1987, c.116 (C.30:4-27.2), but shall not include a person who has been committed after having been found not guilty of a criminal offense by reason of insanity or having been found unfit to be tried on a criminal charge.
COMPLETE STREETS
A transportation network aims to improve the safety, connectivity, and accessibility for pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and transit users in our neighborhoods. Complete Streets incorporate the needs of all modes of transportation and, as a result, improves the safety, health, economy, and environment of a community.
CONSERVATION AREA
Designated open space that preserves and protects natural features, wildlife, and critical environmental features, as well as undeveloped sites of historical or cultural significance. A conservation area may include opportunities for passive recreation, such as hiking trails and lookout structures, and environmental education.
CROSS-ACCESS
A vehicular and/or pedestrian connection between abutting properties that connects the two sites and allows vehicles and/or pedestrians to travel between sites without the having to exit to the street.
CROSS-ACCESS
CULTURAL FACILITY
A facility open to the public that provides access to cultural exhibits and activities including, but not limited to, museums, cultural or historical centers, non-commercial galleries, historical societies, and libraries. A cultural facility may include uses such as, but not limited to, retail sales of related items, performance spaces and auditoriums, and eating and drinking establishments as ancillary uses.
DAY CARE CENTER
A facility where, for a portion of a 24-hour day, care and supervision is provided for minors, the elderly, and/or functionally-impaired adults in a protective setting.
DAY CARE HOME
A residential dwelling where a permanent occupant of the dwelling provides care for minors, the elderly, and/or functionally-impaired adults from outside households in a protective setting for less than 24 hours per day. A day care home does not include facilities that only receive children from a single household.
DECK
A roofless outdoor platform built as an above ground platform that projects from the wall of a structure or is freestanding, and connected by structural supports at grade or by the structure.
DECK, ROOF
A roofless outdoor platform located on or above the finished roof material of a building, accessed from below the roof, and designed to function as an outdoor patio.
DENSITY
The number of dwelling units per acre.
DONATION BOX
An unmanned receptacle designed with a door, slot, or similar opening intended to accept and store donated clothes and household items.
DRIVE-THROUGH FACILITY
That portion of a business where business is transacted directly with customers via a service window that allows customers to remain in their vehicle.
DRIVEWAY
A private roadway providing access to a street or highway.
DRUG TREATMENT CLINIC
A licensed facility authorized by the state to administer drugs, such as methadone or suboxone, in the treatment, maintenance, or detoxification of persons.
DRY CLEANER
An establishment that cleans clothes and other textiles using a solvent other than water.
DWELLING
A structure, or portion thereof, designed exclusively for human habitation.
DWELLING - ABOVE THE GROUND FLOOR
Dwelling units located above ground-floor nonresidential uses or located behind ground-floor nonresidential uses. In the case of dwelling units located behind ground-floor nonresidential uses, the residential uses cannot be located along the primary street frontage.
DWELLING - MULTI-FAMILY
A structure containing three or more dwelling units within a single building where the units are accessed by one or more common entryways. However, ground floor units may be accessed by individual entry ways.
DWELLING - ROWHOUSE
Three or more attached dwellings where each rowhouse building in the larger structure is attached to another rowhouse building by a vertical party wall and designed so that each rowhouse building in the development has a separate exterior entrance. A rowhouse dwelling may consist of a series of attached dwellings with one dwelling unit in each rowhouse building, or where one or more of the rowhouse buildings in the overall rowhouse development contains two or more dwelling units within an individual rowhouse building when permitted by the district.
DWELLING - SINGLE-FAMILY
A structure containing one dwelling unit located on a single lot. Also called single-family - detached.
DWELLING - SINGLE-FAMILY ATTACHED
A structure containing one single-family dwelling attached at an interior side lot line by a vertical party wall to another single-family dwelling. Each single-family dwelling is located on a separate lot. A single-family attached dwelling does not include a rowhouse or two-family dwelling.
DWELLING - TWO-FAMILY
A structure containing two dwelling units on one lot.
DWELLING UNIT
One or more habitable rooms which are occupied, or which are intended or designed to be occupied as a residence by one household, with facilities for living, sleeping, sanitation, and cooking.
EASEMENT
A grant of one or more of the property rights by the property owner to and/or for use by the public, a corporation, or another person or entity.
EATING AND DRINKING ESTABLISHMENT
An establishment where food and/or drinks are prepared and provided to the public for on-premises consumption by seated patrons, carry-out, and/or delivery service. Restaurants and bars are considered eating and drinking establishments.
EAVE
The projecting lower edges of a roof overhanging the wall of a structure.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY - COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY
A facility for post-secondary higher learning that grants associate or bachelor degrees. The institution may also have research facilities and/or professional schools that grant master and doctoral degrees. Educational facilities - university or college include ancillary uses such as dormitories, cafeterias, eating and drinking establishments, retail sales, indoor or outdoor recreational facilities, and similar uses.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY - PRIMARY OR SECONDARY
A public, private, or parochial facility that offers instruction at the elementary, junior high, and/or high school levels. A pre-school may also be included as part of a primary school.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY - VOCATIONAL
A facility that offers instruction in industrial, clerical, computer, managerial, automotive, repair (electrical, plumbing, carpentry, etc.), or commercial skills, or a business conducted as a commercial enterprise, such as a school for general educational development or driving school. Educational facility - vocational also applies to privately operated schools that do not offer a complete educational curriculum. This does not include primary or secondary educational facilities.
EGRESS
A place or means of exiting a property.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Any vehicle that is licensed and registered for operation on public and private highways, roads, and streets; and operates either partially or exclusively using an electric motor powered by an externally charged on-board battery.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY/SERVICE EQUIPMENT OR (EVSE)
The equipment, including the cables, cords, conductors, connectors, couplers, enclosures, attachment plugs, power outlets, power electronics, transformer, switchgear, switches and controls, network interfaces, point of sale equipment, and associated apparatus designed and used for the purpose of transferring energy from the electric supply system to a plug-in electric vehicle. EVSE may deliver either alternating current or, consistent with fast charging equipment standards, direct current electricity. EVSE is synonymous with "electric vehicle charging station."
ELECTRONIC MESSAGE SIGN
A sign designed where a portion of the sign area uses changing light emitting diodes (LEDs), fiber optics, light bulbs or other illumination devices within the electronic display panel(s) to form a message or messages in text and/or image from where the sequence of messages and the rate of change is electronically programmed and can be modified by electronic processes. Time/temperature signs are not considered electronic message signs. Flashing signs, animated signs, and video display signs are not considered electronic message signs.
ENCROACHMENT
The extension or placement of any structure, or a component of such, into a required setback or right-of-way.
ENDWALL
The wall of the end unit of a townhouse development that is not attached to another dwelling unit or party wall.
ENLARGEMENT
An increase in the size of an existing structure or use, including the physical size of the property, building, parking, and other improvements.
ERECT
To build, construct, attach, hang, place, suspend, or affix.
EXISTING USE
The use of a property at the time that an application for development or redevelopment is made.
EXTENSION (APPLICATION)
Extending the length of time an approving authority can act on an application for development, or the period of time for which a permit remains valid.
EXTENSION (STRUCTURE)
An increase in the amount of existing floor area beyond the exterior wall, or an increase in the dimension of a structure.
EXTERIOR LIGHTING
The illumination of an outside area or object by any man-made device that produces light by any means.
EXTERIOR STAIRWELL
One or more flights of stairs, and the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, to form a continuous passage from the entryway of a floor or level to another in a structure located on the exterior of a principal building.
EXTERIOR WALL
Any wall that defines the exterior boundaries of a building or structure.
EXTERNAL ILLUMINATION
Illumination by an artificial source of light not internal to the sign face.
FACADE
An exterior building wall, from grade to the top of the parapet or eaves. A facade incorporates the full width of a building elevation, including any projections or recesses occurring across an elevation. The primary building facade or front facade is the principal elevation of a building and contains the building's main entrance, the rear facade is the building's rear exterior wall, and the side facades are a building's side exterior walls.
FARMERS MARKET
Temporary use of structures and/or land for the sale of a variety of fresh fruits, flowers, vegetables, or ornamental plants, and other locally produced farm and food products, including value-added products, directly to consumers from farmers or vendors that have taken such items on consignment for retail sale.
FEATHER FLAG/SAIL
A freestanding attention-getting device, vertical in orientation, typically constructed of cloth held taut by a single post.
FENCE
An artificially constructed barrier of any permitted material or combination of materials erected to enclose, screen, or separate areas.
1. 
FENCEOPEN — A fence that has, over its entirety, more than 70% of the superficial surface consisting of regularly distributed openings.
2. 
FENCESOLID — A fence that has, over its entirety, no distributed openings. A shadowbox design fence is considered a solid fence. A chain link fence with slats is not considered a solid fence.
OPEN FENCE
SOLID FENCE
FENESTRATION
Windows and other openings on building facade.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
A bank, savings and loan, credit union, or mortgage office. Financial institution also includes check cashing establishments and currency exchanges.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, ALTERNATIVE (AFS)
A financial service provided outside a traditional banking institution. An alternative financial institution includes pawn shops, payday loans, tax refund anticipation loans, car title loans, and cash for gold establishments.
FINISHED ELEVATION
The proposed elevation of the land surface of a site after completion of all site preparation work.
FLAG
Flags of any nation, state, municipality, or political subdivision, flags officially designated as a national, state, or local symbol, or flags of fraternal, religious, and civic organizations. Pennants and sails are not considered flags
FLOODLIGHT
A powerful light, typically in a grouping of several lights, used to illuminate the exterior of a building, site, or sign.
FOOD BANK
A non-profit or governmental organization that collects and distributes food to hunger relief organizations. Food is not distributed to the public or individuals from a food bank.
FOOD PANTRY
A non-profit or governmental organization that provides food directly to those in need. Food pantries receive, buy, store, and distribute food. Food pantries may also prepare meals to be served at no cost to those who receive them. A food pantry may be an ancillary use of a place of worship, social service center, and/or homeless shelter.
FOOD TRUCK PARK
The use of land designed to accommodate food truck vendors offering food and/or beverages for sale to the public as the primary use of the property, which may include seating areas for customers.
FOOD TRUCK/TRAILER
A motor vehicle, or a trailer towed by another vehicle, designed and equipped to prepare and sell food and/or beverages directly to consumers. It does not include wholesale food distributors. The vendor physically reports to and operates from an off-site commercial kitchen for servicing, restocking, and maintenance each operating day.
FOOT-CANDLE
A unit of measure of illuminance equal to one lumen of light spread over an area of one square foot.
FREIGHT TERMINAL
A processing node for freight, such as a trucking terminal.
FRONTAGE
The boundary line of a lot between a building and the right-of-way or the pavement of a sidewalk.
FUNERAL HOME
An establishment where the dead are prepared for burial display and for rituals before burial or cremation, including chapels for the display of the deceased and the conducting of rituals before burial or cremation, and crematoriums.
GARAGE
An accessory building or portion of a principal building used for the storage of motor vehicles of the occupants of the premises.
GAS STATION
An establishment where fuel for vehicles is stored and dispersed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. A gas station may also include ancillary retail uses, and solar and/or electric charging stations.
GAZEBO
A freestanding outdoor accessory structure designed for recreational use and not for habitation.
GENERIC LEGAL ITEM EXCHANGE BOX
An outdoor accessory structure maintained by a property owner on private property where legal items such as books, recorded performing arts and media, puzzles, games, and the like, are kept for public and/or exchanges with no fees, sales, or other compensation and are publicly accessible.
GLARE
The effect produced by light from a luminaire with an intensity sufficient to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility.
GOLF COURSE/DRIVING RANGE
A tract of land design with at least nine holes for playing a game of golf and improved with tees, greens, fairways, and hazards. A golf course may include a clubhouse, restrooms, snack-bar, and pro-shop as ancillary uses. A driving range may be designed as a standalone facility or included as part of a golf course, which is defined as a tract of land equipped with distance markers, clubs, balls, and tees for practicing the hitting of golf balls.
GRADING
Any stripping, cutting, filling, or stockpiling of earth or land, including the land in its cut or filled condition, to create new grades.
GREEN ROOF
A building roof partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems.
GREEN SPACE
An area of open space consisting of grass, trees, or other vegetation, which may include areas of designed hardscape, set apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an urban environment.
GREENHOUSE (ACCESSORY)
A building or structure whose roof and sides are made largely of glass or other transparent or translucent material and in which the temperature and humidity can be regulated for the cultivation of plants.
GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA)
Defined in § 315-2.4.
HALFWAY HOUSE
A residential facility for persons who have been institutionalized for criminal conduct and who either require a group setting to facilitate the transition to society, or have been ordered to such facilities by the court as a condition of parole or probation.
HARDSCAPE
Nonliving components of a landscape design, such as walls, sculpture, paved walkways, patios, stone and gravel areas, benches, fountains, and similar hard-surface areas and objects.
HEAVY RETAIL, RENTAL, AND SERVICE
Retail, rental, and/or service establishments of a heavier and larger-scale commercial character typically requiring permanent outdoor service or storage areas and/or partially enclosed structures. Examples of heavy retail, rental, and service establishments include large-scale home improvement centers with outdoor storage, display, and rental components, lumberyards, recreational vehicle dealerships, boat sales, rental, and service, truck rental establishments, and sales, rental, and repair of heavy equipment. Wholesale establishments that sell to the general public, including those establishments where membership is required, are considered heavy retail, rental, and service establishments.
HEDGE
A row of shrubs or small trees planted close together, especially when demarcating a boundary or forming a barrier.
HELIPORT
Land, water, and/or structures used for the landing and take-off of helicopters, and having service facilities for such aircraft or providing for permanent basing of such aircraft. For the purposes of this definition, heliport includes helipads and helipads, which are landing areas or platforms for helicopters without auxiliary facilities.
HOME OCCUPATION
Any commercial activity carried out for economic gain by a resident, conducted as an accessory use in the resident's dwelling unit. Work arrangements where residents perform their job duties and tasks from home via computers, the internet, and telecommunications to connect with their employers, colleagues, and clients is not considered a home occupation and is considered part of the residential use.
HOSPITAL
Facilities for primary health services and medical or surgical care to people, primarily in-patient, and including, as an integral part of the institution, related facilities such as laboratories, outpatient facilities, dormitories, or educational facilities, and ancillary uses such as, but not limited to, cafeterias, eating and drinking establishments, retail sales, and similar uses.
HOTEL
A commercial facility that provides sleeping accommodations for a fee and customary lodging services. Related ancillary uses include, but are not limited to, meeting facilities, eating and drinking establishments, and recreational facilities for the use of guests.
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE COVERAGE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
IMPOUND LOT
A facility that provides temporary outdoor storage for vehicles that are to be claimed by titleholders or their agents. An impound lot is typically used for the storage of wrecked motor vehicles usually awaiting insurance adjustment or transport to a repair shop. Impound lot does not include impound facilities owned and used by governmental authorities.
INCIDENTAL
Subordinate and minor in significance and bearing a reasonable relationship to the primary use.
INDUSTRIAL - ARTISAN
Artisan-related crafts and industrial processes that are more intensive uses, such as small-scale metalworking, glassblowing, furniture making, and small-scale food production that includes preparation, processing, canning, or packaging of food products. Micro-production of alcohol and specialty food production are regulated separately from artisan industrial. An artisan industrial use may also include sales of products created on-site.
INDUSTRIAL - GENERAL
The manufacture, fabrication, processing, reduction, and/or destruction of any article, substance, or commodity, or any other treatment thereof in such a manner as to change the form, character, and/or appearance, and incidental storage, sales, and distribution of such products. General industrial uses may produce noise, vibrations, illumination, or particulate that is perceptible to adjacent land users. These industrial uses typically have outdoor storage areas.
INDUSTRIAL - LIGHT
Research and development activities, and the manufacture, fabrication, processing, reduction, and/or destruction of any article, substance, or commodity, or any other treatment thereof in such a manner as to change the form, character, and/or appearance, where such activities are conducted wholly within an enclosed building and generally do not produce noise, vibrations, illumination, or particulate that is perceptible to adjacent land users. A light industrial use may also include a showroom, sales of products related to the items manufactured or stored on-site, and/or ancillary outdoor storage.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
An establishment for the research, design, and brand development of products for future production. Industrial design integrates the creative fields of art, science, and/or engineering to determine and define a product's form and features in advance of the physical act of making a product. An industrial design establishment may create prototypes, but may not mass manufacture products from the premises.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Facilities and services needed to sustain land use activities.
INGRESS
A place or means of gaining access or entry into a property.
INTENSITY OF USE
Square feet of gross floor area, number of dwelling units, number of employees, or other factor used as a basis for requiring off-street parking or loading facilities.
LIGHT POLE
Pole on which a luminaire is mounted.
LIGHT POLE BANNER
Banners mounted on and with arms installed perpendicular to light poles.
LIGHT TRESPASS
The shining of light produced by a luminaire (light fixture) beyond the boundaries of the property on which it is located.
LIGHTING, FULL CUTOFF
A light distribution where the candela value is zero at or above horizontal (90° above nadir) and does not exceed 10% at or above a vertical angle of 80° above nadir.
FULL CUTOFF
LIGHTING, SEMI-CUTOFF
A light distribution where the candela value does not exceed 5% of the maximum intensity at or above horizontal (90° above nadir) and 20% at or above a vertical angle of 80° above nadir.
SEMI-CUTOFF
LIVE ENTERTAINMENT - SECONDARY USE
A live performance, performed live by one or more persons including, but not limited to, musical acts, including disc jockeys (DJs), theatrical plays, performance art, stand-up comedy, and magic, included as part of the operation of an eating and drinking establishment, amusement facility, or similar use. As a secondary use, the other principal use operating on the site is open to public during hours when no performance is scheduled. Live entertainment - secondary use is approved separately as a principal use. Live entertainment - secondary use does not include:
1. 
Any adult use.
2. 
Live performance venue.
3. 
Periodic performances or entertainment at educational facilities, places of worship, cultural facilities, reception facilities, and performances at weddings and similar events.
4. 
Incidental entertainment, which is defined as background music provided at an eating and drinking establishment.
LIVE PERFORMANCE VENUE
A facility for the presentation of live entertainment, including musical acts, including disc jockeys (DJs), theatrical plays, stand-up comedy, and similar performances. Performances are scheduled in advance and tickets are required for admission and available for purchase in advance or may be purchased at the venue on the day of the performance. A live performance venue is only open to the public when a live performance is scheduled. A live performance venue may include classroom space utilized during hours it is not open to the public for a performance as well as box office ticket sales during the day. A live performance venue may include concession stands, including sale of alcohol, but only when it is open to the public for a performance. A live performance venue does not include any adult use.
LIVE/WORK
A structure that combines a dwelling unit with arts-related activities, such as painting, photography, sculpture, music, and film, principally used by one or more of the residents. If the use is allowed in the district, the dwelling may be combined with an arts studio, artisan industrial, industrial design, or a live performance venue that is principally used by one or more of the residents. Any area used for commercial space in a live/work space cannot be converted to residential living space if the commercial component is no longer operating.
LODGE/MEETING HALL
A facility operated by an organization or association for a common purpose, such as, but not limited to, a meeting hall for a fraternal or social organization or a union hall, but not including clubs organized primarily for-profit or to render a service which is customarily carried on as a business.
LOT
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT AREA
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT DEPTH
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE, CORNER
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE, FRONT
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE, INTERIOR
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE, REAR
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT LINE, STREET
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT OF RECORD
A lot that exists as shown or described on a plat or deed in the records of the local registry of deeds.
LOT WIDTH
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT, CORNER
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT, INTERIOR
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LOT, THROUGH
Defined in § 315-2.4.
LUMEN
A unit of measure of the quantity of light that falls on an area of one square foot, every point of which is one foot from the source of one candela.
LUMINAIRE
A complete lighting unit consisting of a light source, pole, and all mounting brackets, if appropriate, and all necessary mechanical, electrical, and decorative parts.
MAKE-READY PARKING SPACE
Pre-wiring of electrical infrastructure at a parking space, or set of parking spaces, to facilitate easy and cost-efficient future installation of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment or Electric Vehicle Service Equipment, including, but not limited to, Level Two EVSE and direct current fast chargers. Make Ready includes expenses related to service panels, junction boxes, conduit, wiring, and other components necessary to make a particular location able to accommodate Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment or Electric Vehicle Service Equipment on a "plug and play" basis. Make-Ready is synonymous with the term "charger ready," as used in P.L.2019, c. 362 (C. 48:25-1 et al.).
MARQUEE
A permanent roof-like structure constructed of permanent building materials that extends from the wall of a structure with no supports extending to the ground providing protection from the elements.
MASTER PLAN
The document adopted by the Planning Board containing guidelines for the general development of the City, which indicates the general location for physical growth of the community, together with any and all amendments thereto.
MEDICAL/DENTAL OFFICE/CLINIC
A facility operated by one or more physicians, dentists, chiropractors, psychiatrists, physiotherapists, or other licensed practitioners of the healing arts for the examination and treatment of persons solely on an outpatient basis. Medical/dental offices also include alternative medicine clinics, such as acupuncture and holistic therapies, and physical therapy offices for physical rehabilitation.
MICRO-PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL
A facility for the production and packaging of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, spirits, cider, and mead. Micro-production of alcohol facilities must include a tasting room for on-premise consumption and may also include retail areas for the purchase of beverages manufactured on-site and related items.
MITIGATION/MITIGATE
Methods used to alleviate or lessen the impact of development.
MIXED-USE
A building that contains both non-residential and residential uses.
MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
The development of a tract of land or building with a variety of complementary and integrated uses permitted in the district, such as, but not limited to, residential, office, commercial, industrial, public, and recreation, in a compact urban form.
MOVIE STUDIO
Facilities for the production of motion pictures and film, including stages, exterior sets, film laboratories, sound recording facilities, construction, repair and storage facilities, caretaker and temporary housing, related commercial vehicles, and accessory fabrication activities.
MULTI-TENANT RETAIL CENTER
A group of two or more commercial establishments that is planned, owned, and/or managed as a single property. The two main configurations of multi-tenant retail centers are large shopping centers/malls and strip centers.
NEEDLE EXCHANGE SERVICE
A facility providing a social service that allows injecting drug users (IDUs) to obtain hypodermic needles and associated paraphernalia at little or no cost.
NEIGHBORHOOD COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT
A commercial use within a residential neighborhood that is nonresidential in its original construction and/or use. The structure containing a neighborhood commercial establishment may also contain dwelling units.
NIGHTCLUB
An establishment that provides entertainment of a participatory nature, including disc jockeys (DJs), by providing a place for dancing designed with an area designated as a dance floor, including any stage area; however portions of the floor area may be set up for alcohol service, including a bar counter, with or without stools, and other seating areas.
NITS
A luminance unit equal to one candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source.
NONCOMMERCIAL MESSAGE
The expression of noncommercial ideas and messages. A noncommercial message does not promote a business, product, service, commercial entertainment, or other commercial activity offered on or off the premises.
NONCONFORMING LOT
A lawful lot of record that at one time conformed to the lot dimension requirements of the zoning district in which it is located, but because of this Ordinance, or a subsequent amendment to this Ordinance, does not meet current requirements.
NONCONFORMING SIGN
A lawful sign that at one time conformed to applicable zoning regulations, but because of this Ordinance, or a subsequent amendment to this Ordinance, does not meet current requirements.
NONCONFORMING SITE ELEMENT
A lawful site development element, such as landscape or lighting, that was constructed or installed in conformance with the applicable zoning regulations, but because of this Ordinance, or a subsequent amendment to this Ordinance, does not meet current requirements.
NONCONFORMING STRUCTURE
A lawful principal or accessory structure that at one time conformed to applicable zoning regulations, but because of this Ordinance, or a subsequent amendment to this Ordinance, does not meet current requirements.
NONCONFORMING USE
The lawful use of a structure or land that at one time was an allowed use within a zoning district, but because of this Ordinance, or a subsequent amendment to this Ordinance, is no longer allowed.
NONRESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS
Zoning districts that allow a variety of nonresidential uses such as retail, restaurant, service, and office, where such types of uses are the primary uses allowed, or where a wide range of commercial uses are allowed with residential uses to create mixed-use development.
NONRESIDENTIAL USE
A structure or land used or intended to be used for non-residential uses, which includes, but is not limited to, retail, office, entertainment, recreation, public, institutional, and other nonresidential uses. Structures with multi-family dwellings above ground floor nonresidential uses are considered mixed-use development and considered a nonresidential use for the purposes of this Ordinance.
OFF-PREMISE SIGN - PERMANENT
A permanent sign directing attention to a specific business, product, service, entertainment event, activity, or other commercial activity that is not sold, produced, manufactured, furnished, or conducted at the property upon which the sign is located.
OFF-PREMISE SIGN - TEMPORARY
A temporary sign directing attention to a specific business, product, service, entertainment event, activity, or other commercial activity that is not sold, produced, manufactured, furnished, or conducted at the property upon which the sign is located. This includes any ground-mounted, building-mounted, or sign painted, pasted, or otherwise affixed to any tree, rock, fence, utility pole, hydrant, bridge, sidewalk, parkway, curb or street, bench, or trash receptacle that directs attention off-premises.
OFF-STREET PARKING
The storage space for an automobile on premises other than streets or rights-of-way.
OFFICE
An establishment that engages in the processing, manipulation, or application of business information or professional expertise. Such an office may or may not offer services to the public. An office is not materially involved in fabricating, assembling, or warehousing of physical products for the retail or wholesale market, nor engaged in the repair of products or retail services. An office does not include financial institutions or industrial design.
ORDINARY HIGH WATER LINE
The line to which the water rises in the seasons of ordinary high water or the line at which the presence of water is continued for such length of time as to mark upon the soil and vegetation a distinct character.
OUTDOOR DINING
A seating area that is located outdoors and typically contiguous to an eating and drinking establishment, typically in addition to an indoor seating area. Outdoor dining areas may be roofed or covered with an awning.
OUTDOOR DISPLAY AND SALES AREA
Part of a lot used for outdoor sales and/or display of goods accessory to the principal use.
OUTDOOR STORAGE YARD
The storage of material outdoors as a principal use of land for more than 24 hours.
OUTLOT
An area of land set aside within a retail center for a separate principal building that shares a circulation system and may share common parking with the larger retail center development but is separated from the principal building or buildings, typically located along the property line.
OWNER
An individual, firm, association, syndicate, partnership, or corporation having sufficient proprietary interest to seek development of land, such as the owner of the title or a mortgage whose interest is shown of record in the mortgage and conveyance records, a person shown as owner in the records of the tax assessor of the county in which the property is situated, or the agent of any such person and those in possession of a dwelling, dwelling unit, or premises.
PARAPET
The extension of a false front or wall above a roofline.
PARAPET
PARK
A facility that serves the recreational needs of residents and visitors. Park includes, but is not limited to, playgrounds, ballfields, athletic fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, dog parks, skateboard parks, passive recreation areas, and gymnasiums. Park/playground may also include non-commercial indoor recreation facilities, and amphitheaters, as well as ancillary uses such as, but not limited to, eating and drinking establishments and retail establishments, and temporary outdoor uses such as festivals and performances.
PARKING FACILITY
A parking lot and/or parking structure. Parking facility does not include parking spaces and parking pads for individual dwelling units for single-family, two-family, or rowhouse dwellings.
PARKING LOT
An open, hard-surfaced area, excluding a street or public way, used for the storage of operable vehicles, whether for compensation or at no charge.
PARKING STRUCTURE
A structure used for the parking or storage of operable vehicles, whether for compensation or at no charge.
PARTY WALL
A common wall from the foundation and extending continuously through all stories to or above the roof that separates one building from another, but in joint use by each building.
PASSENGER TERMINAL
A facility for the assembly and dispersal of travelling passengers.
PATIO
A hard surface designed and intended for recreational use by people and not used as a parking space.
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
Sidewalks, shared use paths, and similar facilities intended for pedestrian mobility.
PERGOLA
An open structure, which may be either freestanding or attached to a structure, that forms a partially shaded pedestrian walkway, passageway, or sitting area, and is constructed of a semi-open roof and vertical posts that support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice. It may also be used as an extension of a building entryway.
PERSONAL SERVICE ESTABLISHMENT
An establishment that provides frequent or recurrent needed services of a personal nature. Typical uses include, but are not limited to, beauty shops, barbershops, tanning salons, electronics repair shops, nail salons, laundromats, health clubs, tailors and the like.
PERVIOUS PAVING
A range of sustainable materials and techniques for permeable paving that allow the movement of water through the surface. Gravel and loose rock are not considered pervious paving.
PLACE OF WORSHIP
A facility where persons regularly assemble for religious purposes and related social events and may include group housing for persons under religious vows or orders. Places of worship may also include ancillary uses such as day care facilities, meeting rooms, auditoriums, and/or classrooms for weekly religious instruction.
PORCH
An architectural feature that projects from the exterior wall of a structure, has direct access to the street level of the building, and is covered by a roof or eaves.
PORCH - ENCLOSED
A porch enclosed by walls, screens, lattice or other material. A screened-in porch is an enclosed porch.
PORCH - UNENCLOSED
A porch that is open on all sides, with the exception of the side attached to the principal building.
PORTE COCHERE
A permanent structure built over a driveway or entry drive that provides temporary shelter to persons exiting a vehicle, but not serving as the only covered or enclosed vehicle shelter on-site.
PORTE COCHERE
PRINCIPAL BUILDING
A non-accessory structure in which a principal use of the lot on which it is located is conducted.
PRINCIPAL USE
The main use of land or structures as distinguished from an accessory use.
PRIVATE EVSE
EVSE that has restricted access to specific users (e.g., single- and two-family homes, executive parking fleet parking with no access to the general public).
PRIVATE RECREATION CLUB
An establishment, owned or operated by a corporation, association, or group of private individuals, open to members, their families, and invited guests organized and operated for social and recreation purposes, and which may include recreation facilities, both indoor and outdoor, restaurants and bars, meeting rooms, and/or similar uses.
PRIVATE SOCIAL CLUB
An establishment, owned or operated by a corporation, association, or group of private individuals, open to members, their families, and invited guests organized and operated for pursuit of a common interest, occupation, or activity, and which may include restaurants and bars, meeting rooms, and/or similar uses.
PUBLIC ART
Art in any media that has been planned and executed with the intention of being staged in the physical public domain, usually outdoors and accessible to all.
PUBLIC SAFETY FACILITY
A facility operated by and for the use of public safety agencies, such as the fire department, emergency medical services, and the police department, including the dispatch, storage, and maintenance of police and fire vehicles. Public safety facilities include shelter and training facilities for canine and equine units of public safety agencies.
PUBLIC UTILITY
A regulated private enterprise with an exclusive franchise for providing a public service deemed necessary for the public health, safety and welfare.
PUBLIC UTILITY FACILITIES
Telephone, electric and cable television lines, poles, equipment and structures; water or gas pipes, mains, valves or structures; sewer pipes, valves or structures; pumping stations; telephone exchanges and repeater stations; and all other facilities, equipment and structures necessary for conducting a service by a government or a public utility.
PUBLIC WORKS FACILITY
A facility operated by the municipal public works departments to provide municipal services, including dispatch, storage, and maintenance of municipal vehicles.
PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE EVSE
EVSE that is publicly available (e.g., park & ride, public parking lots and garages, on-street parking, shopping center parking, non-reserved parking in multi-family parking lots, etc.).
REAL ESTATE PROJECT SALES OFFICE/MODEL UNIT
A residential unit or units within a development that is temporarily used for display purposes as an example of dwelling units available for sale or rental in a residential development and/or sales or rental offices for dwellings within the development.
RECEPTION FACILITY
A facility where the primary function is to provides hosting and rental services of a banquet hall or similar facilities for private events including, but not limited to, wedding receptions, holiday parties, and fundraisers, with food and beverages that are prepared and served on-site or by a caterer to invited guests during intermittent dates and hours of operation. Live entertainment may be provided as an ancillary use as part of an event. A reception facility is not operated as an eating and drinking establishment with regular hours of operation. A restaurant may have rooms reserved for such events but is not considered a reception facility.
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE
Any vehicle or boat designed for temporary living quarters, recreation, or temporary human habitation and not used as a commercial vehicle including, but not limited to, the following: boat/watercraft, camper trailer, motorized trailer, off-road vehicle, racing car or cycle, travel trailer, and truck camper.
RECYCLING CENTER
Any space, whether inside or outside a building, used for any Class A or Class B recycling facility regulated by the State of New Jersey and/or the County of Mercer.
RECYCLING CONTAINERS
A container for the collection of recyclables.
REFUSE CONTAINER
An exterior waste container designed to be mechanically lifted by and emptied into or carted away by a collection vehicle.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
A facility where research and development is conducted in industries that include, but are not limited to, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, medical instrumentation or supplies, communication, and information technology, electronics and instrumentation, and computer hardware and software. A research and development establishment may create prototypes of products but may not manufacture products for direct sale and distribution from the premises.
RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY
A licensed care facility that provides 24-hour medical and/or non-medical care of persons in need of personal services, supervision, or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living, or for the protection of the individual. A residential care facility includes nursing care, hospice care, and continuum of care facilities. Continuum of care facilities may also include independent living facilities.
RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS
Zoning districts where the primary permitted use is residential. Residential districts, within the use structure, may allow very limited compatible nonresidential uses, such as places of worship.
RESIDENTIAL DRUG/ALCOHOL TREATMENT FACILITY
A licensed care facility that provides 24-hour medical, non-medical, and/or therapeutic care of persons seeking rehabilitation from a drug and/or alcohol addiction. Such facilities include medical detoxification.
RESIDENTIAL USE
A structure designed and used or intended to be used for residential occupancy by one or more households, such as single-family, two-family, townhouse, and multi-family dwellings. Multi-family dwellings with ground floor nonresidential uses are considered mixed-use development, and are considered a nonresidential use for the purposes of this Ordinance.
RESUBDIVISION
The division of lots or parcels of previously subdivided land.
RETAIL GOODS ESTABLISHMENT
An establishment that provides physical goods, products, or merchandise directly to the consumer, where such goods are typically available for immediate purchase and removal from the premises by the purchaser. Retail goods establishments do not include larger-scale commercial character, a wholesale establishment that sells to the general public with a membership, or those that require permanent outdoor service and/or storage areas, and/or partially enclosed structures.
RETAIL SALES OF ALCOHOL
Retail sales of alcoholic beverages in factory original containers for consumption off-premises.
RIGHT-OF-WAY
A strip of land dedicated for use as a public way. In addition to the roadway, it typically incorporates the curbs, tree lawn, sidewalks, and shoulders.
ROOFLINE
The top edge of a roof or building parapet, whichever is higher, excluding any cupolas, pylons, chimneys or minor projections.
ROOMING HOUSE
A single-family dwelling where a room is made available to tenants for compensation, and a common kitchen and common areas are shared between tenants.
SALVAGE YARD/JUNKYARD
A facility used for the abandonment, sale, storage, collection, or baling of scrap metal, other scrap or discarded materials, waste tire processing or collection area, and/or abandoned vehicles or machinery, or parts thereof.
SATELLITE DISH ANTENNA
A dish antenna designed for transmitting signals to a receiver or receiving station or for receiving television, radio, data, communication or other signals from other antennas, satellites or other services.
SEARCHLIGHT
An attention-getting device where an artificial light of high intensity is shined upward in a focused beam and can turn in any direction to attract attention to a location. Also known as sky-beams or sky spotlights.
SELF-STORAGE FACILITY - ENCLOSED
A facility for the storage of personal property where individual renters control and access individual storage spaces located within a fully enclosed building that is climate controlled. Ancillary retail sales of related items, such as moving supplies, and facility offices may also be included.
SELF-STORAGE FACILITY - OUTDOOR
A facility for the storage of personal property where individual renters control and access individual storage spaces and where each storage unit has individual access from the outdoors. Ancillary retail sales of related items, such as moving supplies, and facility offices may also be included.
SETBACK
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, CORNER SIDE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, FRONT
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, INTERIOR SIDE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, PARKING
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, REAR
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SETBACK, STREET
Defined in § 315-2.4.
SHARED USE PATH
A path that supports multiple recreation and transportation opportunities, such as walking, bicycling, and wheelchairs.
SHED
An accessory structure, often purchased pre-built or as a kit in pre-fabricated sections, that is not designed to be served by heat or plumbing and does not need to be placed on a permanent foundation. A shed is typically intended to store lawn, garden, or recreational equipment.
SHELTER, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
A licensed facility that provides temporary shelter, protection, and support for those escaping domestic violence and intimate partner violence, including victims of human trafficking. A domestic violence shelter also accommodates the minor children of such individuals. The facility may also offer a variety of services to help individuals and their children including counseling and legal guidance.
SHELTER, HOMELESS
A licensed facility that provides shelter to the homeless population in general.
SIGN
A lettered, numbered, symbolic, pictorial, or illuminated visual display designed to identify, announce, direct, or inform that is visible from a public right of way.
SIGN, A-FRAME
A temporary sign ordinarily in the shape of the letter "A" or some variation thereof, which is displayed on the ground, not permanently attached to the ground, and usually two-sided, generally connected at the top and separated at the bottom.
SIGN, ANIMATED
A sign that uses moving or changing lights to depict action, movement, or the optical illusion of movement of part of the sign structure, sign, or pictorial segment, or including the movement of any illumination or the flashing or varying of light intensity to create a special effect or scene. Animated signs do not include electronic message signs.
SIGN, AWNING
An awning is a roof-like cover designed for protection from the weather or as a decorative embellishment, which projects from a wall or roof of a structure over a window, walkway, or door, with no supports that extend to the ground. An awning sign is a sign printed or displayed upon an awning.
SIGN, BALLOON
A sign or advertising device designed to be airborne or inflated and tethered to the ground or other structure. This includes any air-inflated signs and any signs that inflate and move via air inflation.
SIGN, BAND
A continuous horizontal band located on a facade typically above the ground floor and below the second story sills.
SIGN, BLADE
A sign that is attached to a rigid structure that extends more than 12 inches beyond the surface of the structure to which it is attached.
SIGN, CANOPY
A canopy sign is a sign printed, mounted, or installed upon a canopy. A sign canopy may be one of two types:
1. 
CANOPYNON-STRUCTURAL — A roofed structure attached to a building, which is not integral to the structure, that is made of durable, weather-resistant material such as canvas, canvas-like material, nylon, or vinyl-coated fabric, placed to extend outward from the building and supported both by mountings on the structure wall and by supports that extend to the ground.
2. 
CANOPYSTRUCTURAL — A roofed structure constructed of permanent building materials, such as metal, brick, stone, wood or similar building materials, that is constructed as part of and attached to a building, and extends outward from the building and supported both by the structure and by supports that extend to the ground.
SIGN, DRIVE-THROUGH
A sign constructed as part of drive-through facilities.
SIGN, FLASHING
A sign with an intermittent or sequential flashing light source used primarily to attract attention. Flashing signs do not include electronic message signs.
SIGN, FREESTANDING
A sign that is placed on or supported by the ground, independent of the principal structure on the lot.
SIGN, GATEWAY
A sign that is installed over a pedestrian entryway and supported by the ground, independent of the principal structure on the lot, designed as an entryway feature to the property.
SIGN, MOVING
A sign where the entire sign structure or a portion of which rotates, moves, elevates, or in any way alters position or geometry. A tri-vision sign where triangular prisms rotate inside a frame to show a new message and/or information are considered moving signs. Moving signs do not include clocks or barber poles.
SIGN, PORTABLE
A sign whose principal supporting structure is intended, by design and construction, to rest upon the ground for support and may be easily moved or relocated for reuse. Portable signs include, but are not limited to, signs mounted upon a trailer, wheeled carrier, or other non-motorized mobile structure, with wheels or with wheels removed. Portable signs do not include A-frame signs.
SIGN, ROOF
A sign that is erected, constructed, or maintained on and/or extending above the roof structure or parapet of any building with the principal support attached to the roof structure.
SIGN, WALL - PAINTED
A sign that is painted, applied, or affixed directly on the exterior wall of a building or structure. A painted wall sign is not limited to only the application of paint, but includes other methods of application and/or material, including, but not limited to, tiles or screen-printing.
SIGN, WALL - PROJECTED
A sign that is projected by an optical device that projects an image directly onto the exterior wall of a building or structure by light or other technological means.
SIGN, WALL - STANDARD
A sign that is attached directly to an exterior wall of a building or dependent upon a building for support and projects 18 inches or less from the wall of a structure with the exposed face of the sign in a plane substantially parallel to the face of the wall. Window signs are not considered wall signs.
SIGN, WINDOW
A sign that is attached to, placed upon, or printed on the interior or exterior of a window or door of a building, or displayed on the interior within two feet of a window intended for viewing from the exterior of such a building. A window sign may be either permanent or temporary. Shadowbox design within display windows, where the window display is designed with a background enclosure against which signs are mounted that blocks view into the establishment, is considered a window sign and the entire area of the shadowbox is subject to the maximum sign area limitation.
SINGLE ROOM OCCUPANCY (SRO)
A residential development where single rooms are rented individually as a permanent and/or primary residence, without kitchen or bathroom amenities in the rooms, for a weekly or monthly period of time for compensation, and on-site management is provided on a 24-hour basis. An SRO may contain shared kitchens and bathrooms for all tenants, however rooms may contain microwaves, mini-refrigerators, and a sink.
SOCIAL SERVICE CENTER
A service establishment that provides assistance for those recovering from chemical or alcohol dependency; survivors of abuse seeking support; those transitioning from homelessness or prior incarceration; and those with health and disability concerns. It does not include in-patient, overnight, or living quarters for recipients of the service or for the staff. Such service does not include medical examinations or procedures, or medical detoxification, dispensing of drugs or medications, or other treatments normally conducted in a medical office.
SOLAR FARM
An energy system operated by a public, private, or cooperative company for the generation, transmission, distribution, storage, or processing of solar energy for the purposes of heating and cooling, electricity generation, and/or water heating.
SOLAR PANEL
A photovoltaic device capable of collecting and converting solar energy into electricity.
SPECIALTY FOOD SERVICE
A business that specializes in the sale of certain food products and/or the on-site production of items, such as a bakery, candy maker, meat market, catering business, cheesemonger, coffee roaster, or fishmonger, and may offer areas for ancillary retail sales or eating and drinking areas that serve the products processed on-site. Specialty food service includes preparation, processing, canning, or packaging of food products where all processing is completely enclosed and there are no outside impacts. Specialty food service businesses do not include any animal slaughtering facilities or operations.
STACKING SPACE
A space specifically designed and designated as a waiting area for vehicles patronizing a drive-through facility or service bay.
STANDPIPE
A rigid vertical or horizontal pipe to which fire hoses can be connected, which may be building, ground, or roof mounted.
STOOP
An exterior floor typically constructed of stone, concrete, and/or masonry, with a finished floor elevation higher than the adjacent ground level, often with steps leading up to it, and utilized primarily as an access platform to a structure. A stoop may be roofed and designed with railings, but cannot be enclosed.
STORMWATER
Rainwater, surface runoff, snowmelt, and drainage.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
The use of structural or nonstructural practices that are designed to reduce stormwater runoff and mitigate its adverse impacts on property, natural resources and the environment.
STORMWATER RUNOFF
Flow on the surface of the ground, resulting from precipitation.
STRUCTURAL ALTERATION
Any change, other than incidental repairs, which would prolong the life of supporting elements of a structure, such as the addition, removal, or alteration of bearing walls, columns, beams, girders or foundations.
STRUCTURE
A combination of materials that form a construction for use, occupancy, or ornamentation, whether installed on, above, or below the surface of land or water.
SUBSTANTIAL REPAIR/REHABILITATION
Substantial repair/rehabilitation occurs with any exterior change, other than routine exterior maintenance activities, that would prolong the life of the supporting members of a building. Routine exterior maintenance activities such as painting, tuckpointing, replacing trim in kind, railings in kind, or replacing other nonstructural architectural details in kind are not considered to constitute a substantial repair/rehabilitation unless the cost of exceeds 50% of the assessed building or appraised value.
TASTING ROOM
An area within an alcohol production facility where guests may sample products produced on-site.
TEMPORARY CONTRACTOR OFFICE AND CONTRACTOR YARD
A temporary, portable, or modular structure utilized as a watchman's quarters, construction office, or equipment shed during the construction of a new development. This may include a contractor's yard where materials and equipment are stored in conjunction with a construction project.
TEMPORARY OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENT
A temporary live entertainment event, such as the performance of live music, revue, or play within an outdoor space. Temporary outdoor entertainment event includes fireworks shows, horse shows, carnivals/circuses, temporary worship services, and others.
TEMPORARY OUTDOOR SALES
Temporary uses, which may include temporary structures, where goods are sold, such as consignment auctions, arts and crafts fairs, flea markets, yard sales, temporary vehicle sales, and holiday sales, such as Christmas tree lots, and pumpkin sales lots. This temporary use category does not include outdoor sales related to a retail goods establishment where such goods are part of the establishment's regular items offered for purchase.
TEMPORARY OUTDOOR STORAGE CONTAINER
Temporary self-storage containers delivered to a residence or business owner to store belongings, and then picked up and returned to a warehouse until called for.
TEMPORARY USE
A use established for a limited duration with the intent to discontinue such use upon the expiration of the time period.
TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
The concentration of development nodes, consisting of mixed-use development located along public transit corridors and with convenient and easy access to public transit stations.
UNIFIED CONTROL
The combination of two or more tracts of land wherein each owner has agreed that his tract of land will be developed under the same development approvals.
USE
The purpose or activity for which the land or structure is designed, arranged, or intended, or for which it is occupied or maintained.
VEHICLE DEALERSHIP
An establishment that sells or leases new or used automobiles, vans, motorcycles, and/or all-terrain vehicles (ATV) vehicles, or other similar motorized transportation vehicles. A motor vehicle dealership may maintain an inventory of the vehicles for sale or lease either on-site or at a nearby location and may provide on-site facilities for the repair and service of the vehicles sold or leased by the dealership. Vehicle dealerships do not include truck, trailer, boat, or heavy equipment sales, which are considered heavy retail, rental, and service.
VEHICLE OPERATION FACILITY
A facility for the dispatch, storage, and maintenance of emergency medical care vehicles, taxicabs and similar vehicles for hire, school buses, utility vehicles, and similar vehicles. Vehicle operation facility does not include a public works or public safety facility.
VEHICLE RENTAL
An establishment that rents automobiles and vans, including incidental parking and servicing of rental vehicles. A motor vehicle rental establishment may maintain an inventory of the vehicles for sale or lease either on-site or at a nearby location and may provide on-site facilities for the repair and service of the vehicles sold or leased by the dealership. Vehicle rental does not include truck rental establishments or rental of heavy equipment, which is considered part of heavy retail, rental, and service.
VEHICLE REPAIR/SERVICE
A business that provides repair services to motor vehicles, motorcycles, and all-terrain vehicles (ATV) vehicles.
VIDEO DISPLAY SIGN
A sign, or portion of a sign, that displays an electronic video, whether pre-recorded or streaming. This includes projection of an electronic video on a wall or other surface.
VIEW CORRIDOR
A designated area where specific views or vistas are intentionally preserved or managed.
WAREHOUSE
An enclosed facility for the storage and distribution of manufactured products or raw materials, supplies, and/or equipment.
WHITE ROOF
A roof designed to deliver high solar reflectance, reducing heat transfer to the building and the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy.
WHOLESALE
A business where goods are sold to either retailers, or to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services.
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
An energy system operated by a public, private, or cooperative company for the generation, transmission, distribution, or processing of wind energy.
WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Towers, antennas, and facilities used to transmit and receive signals that facilitate wireless telecommunications. The following definitions describe the wireless telecommunications infrastructure described within the general definition for wireless telecommunications:
1. 
ANTENNAA specific device used to transmit and/or receive signals transmitted to or from other antennas. This does not include satellite dish antennae.
2. 
FACILITYA structure used to house and protect the equipment necessary for processing telecommunications signals, which may include air conditioning equipment and emergency generators. Facility also includes any necessary equipment that facilitates wireless transmission.
3. 
TOWERA structure designed and constructed to support one or more wireless telecommunications antennae and including all appurtenant devices attached to it.
YARD
Defined in § 315-2.4.
YARD, CORNER SIDE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
YARD, FRONT
Defined in § 315-2.4.
YARD, INTERIOR SIDE
Defined in § 315-2.4.
YARD, REAR
Defined in § 315-2.4.
ZONING LOT
A lot or combination of lots within a single block, which is designated by its owner or developer to be used, developed, or built upon as a unit. A zoning lot may coincide with a lot of record or may be comprised of one or more lots of record.

§ 315-2.4 RULES OF MEASUREMENT.

This section provides the rules of measurement for the dimensional standards and locational characteristics within the Ordinance.
A. 
Block and Blockface.
1. 
A block is a tract of land bounded by streets, or a combination of streets and railroad rights-of-way or municipal boundary lines.
2. 
Blockface is measured as that portion of a block or tract of land facing the same side of a single street and lying between the closest intersecting streets.
BLOCK AND BLOCKFACE
B. 
Build-To Dimensions.
Certain dimensional requirements with the district require structures to be constructed at a build-to dimension. A build-to requirement is a boundary or alignment, parallel to a lot line, where a structure must be placed. This Ordinance includes the following build-to dimensions:
1. 
Build-To Line (BTL).
A build-to line (BTL) is a set building line on a lot, measured perpendicular from the applicable lot line, where a building line must be located. The building line must be located on the build-to line. Facade articulation, such as window or wall recesses and projections are not counted as the building line, which begins at the applicable building wall.
2. 
Build-To Zone (BTZ).
A build-to zone (BTZ) is the area on a lot, measured perpendicular from the applicable lot line, where the building line must locate within the minimum and maximum range of setback provided. The building line must be located within the build-to zone. Facade articulation, such as window or wall recesses and projections are not counted as the building line, which begins at the applicable building wall.
3. 
Build-To Percentage.
A build-to percentage specifies the percentage of the building line that must be located within a build-to line or build-to zone. Build-to percentage is measured as a percentage of the total building facade, not lot width.
BUILD-TO LINE
BUILD-TO ZONE
BUILD-TO PERCENTAGE
The following are examples of how build-to lines (BTL) and build-to zones (BTZ) are applied. When the front setback BTL is indicated as 5', the structure must be built at 5' from the front lot line. When the front setback BTZ is indicated as 0' to 10', the structure must be built within that range, shown in the example below as 5'; the property owner may choose any setback within that range.
Example: Build-to Line
Example: Build-to Zone
C. 
Building Coverage.
That portion of the lot that is or may be covered by principal buildings and accessory structures.
D. 
Building Height.
1. 
Maximum building height is measured from the mean elevation of the finished grade at the foundation along the side(s) of the building facing a street. However, if the foundation of the structure is within ten feet of the back of curb, height is measured from the curb to the highest point of the structure. Permitted height exceptions are found in item 2 below.
2. 
The following structures or parts thereof are exempt from maximum height limitations, unless otherwise limited by any height restriction imposed by any airport authority, or other similar federal, state, or local authority.
a. 
Public utility poles, towers, and wires. Public utilities do not include wireless telecommunications, solar panels, and wind turbines unless operated by a government agency.
b. 
Water tanks and standpipes.
c. 
Building appurtenances such as chimneys, parapet walls, skylights, steeples, flag poles, smokestacks, cooling towers, elevator bulkheads, fire towers, monuments, water towers, stacks, stage towers, or scenery lofts, tanks, ornamental towers and spires, rooftop accessory structures, recreational facilities, necessary mechanical appurtenances, or penthouses to house mechanical appurtenances.
BUILDING HEIGHT
E. 
Caliper.
Tree caliper is the diameter of a tree trunk, measured at four and one-half feet above the adjacent ground.
F. 
Gross Floor Area (GFA).
The gross floor area (GFA) of a structure is the sum of the gross horizontal areas of all floors of the structure as measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating two buildings.
G. 
Impervious Surface Coverage.
1. 
Impervious surface coverage is a measure of intensity of land use that represents the portion of a site that is occupied by structures, pavement, and other impervious surfaces that do not allow for the absorption of water into the ground. Maximum impervious surface of a lot is calculated as the percentage of all impervious surface area against the total area of the lot.
2. 
Permeable pavement is permitted and may be calculated as a reduced percentage of impervious surface based upon the materials, installation method, and data presented at site plan review. Permeable pavement is any materials installed, operated, and maintained to permit the passage of water through the pavement, including, but not limited to, porous concrete, porous asphalt, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and concrete grid pavers. Gravel does not qualify as permeable pavement.
H. 
Lot.
A lot is the basic development unit for determination of lot area, depth, and other dimensional regulations; or a parcel of land whose boundaries have been established by some legal instrument such as a recorded deed or recorded map and which is recognized as a separate legal entity for purposes of transfer of title. The following describes the types of lot configurations:
1. 
An interior lot is a lot other than a corner or through lot, bounded by two interior side lot lines.
2. 
A corner lot is a lot situated at the junction of, and abutting on, two or more intersecting streets.
3. 
A through lot is a lot which fronts upon two parallel streets, or which fronts upon two streets which do not intersect at the boundaries of the lot. A through lot is also called a double frontage lot.
4. 
A flag lot is platted so that the main building site area (the "flag") is set back from the street on which it fronts and includes an access strip (the "pole") connecting the main building site with the street.
LOT
I. 
Lot Area.
The total area within the boundaries of a lot, excluding any street right-of-way.
J. 
Lot Depth.
The distance from the front lot line to the rear lot line as measured from the midpoint of the front lot line to the midpoint of the rear lot line. In the case of triangular or similarly irregularly shaped lots, the rear lot line used to measure lot depth is a calculated line of ten feet in length entirely within the lot, parallel to and at a maximum distance from the front lot line.
K. 
Lot Line.
A line of record bounding a lot, as indicated on an approved, filed, and recorded subdivision plat, which divides one lot from another lot or from a public or private street or any other public or private space and includes:
1. 
A front lot line is the lot line separating a lot from a street right-of-way. The front lot line of a corner lot is the shortest street lot line of a corner lot abutting a street. A front lot line for a through lot is both lot lines that abut a street. On a corner lot, where both street lot lines are equal, the applicant may choose which lot line is the front lot line.
2. 
A rear lot line is the lot line opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of triangular or similarly irregularly shaped lots, the rear lot line is a calculated line of ten feet in length entirely within the lot, parallel to and at a maximum distance from the front lot line.
3. 
On a corner lot, the corner side lot line and reverse corner side lot line is perpendicular, or approximately perpendicular, to the front lot line, and is the longer street abutting lot line of a corner lot. On a corner lot, where both street lot lines are equal, the applicant may choose which lot line is the corner side lot line.
4. 
On an interior lot, the interior side lot line is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the front lot line and abuts an adjacent lot.
5. 
A street lot line is any lot line separating a lot from a street right-of-way.
LOT AREA AND LOT LINES
L. 
Lot Width.
1. 
For regular lots, lot width is the width of the front lot line measured between side lot lines.
2. 
For lots with a curved front lot line, lot width is the width of the front lot line measured as a straight line segment that intersects each of the two end points of the curved lot line.
3. 
For flag lots, lot width is measured at the required front setback, as defined in this section.
LOT WIDTH
M. 
Separation Measurement.
When uses are required to be measured a certain distance from another use or district, such separation distance is measured from a point of the lot line on which such use is proposed to be located to the nearest point on the lot line where the other use or district is located.
N. 
Sign Dimensions.
1. 
Calculation of Sign Area.
a. 
The sign area of each sign is the total exposed surface devoted to the sign's message, including all ornamentation, embellishment, symbols, logos, letters, characters, other figures, or frames, whether structural or decorative. The calculation of sign area does not include any supports or bracing. For channel letters or freestanding logos/symbols, the sign area is calculated as the customary, applicable mathematical formula for the total area of each square, circle, ellipse, rectangle, or triangle, or combination thereof, that encompasses each word, logo, image, background, and/or display.
b. 
Window area for the purpose of calculating maximum area of window signs is calculated as a continuous surface until divided by an architectural or structural element. Mullions are not considered an element that divides window area. Total window area is calculated as length times width of the window area. Only the individual letters or logos of the window sign shall be used in the calculation of surface area. The transparent film around the perimeter of the individual letters or logos comprising the window sign and used to affix the window sign to the interior or exterior of a windowpane or glass door shall be exempt from the area calculations, provided that such portion of the transparent film maintains 100% transparency of the window.
SIGN AREA - SIGN WITH BACKGROUND
SIGN AREA - CHANNEL LETTERS/FREESTANDING LOGOS
SIGN AREA - WINDOW SIGNS
2. 
Measurement of Sign Height.
For ground signs, sign height is measured as the vertical distance measured from the normal grade at the base of the sign to the highest point of the sign, including any decorative elements. Normal grade shall be construed to be the existing grade prior to construction or the newly established grade after construction, exclusive of any fill, berm, mound, or excavation solely for the purpose of locating the sign, whichever is lower.
SIGN HEIGHT
3. 
Measurement of Vertical Clearance.
For building-mounted signs, vertical clearance is measured as the vertical distance measured from the ground directly below the sign to the lowest point of the sign.
VERTICAL CLEARANCE
4. 
Determination of Number of Sign Faces.
If the interior angle between two sign faces is 45° (degrees) or less, the sign area is computed as the area of one face only. If the angle between two sign faces is greater than 45° (degrees), the total sign area is computed as the sum of the areas of the two faces.
NUMBER OF SIGN FACES
5. 
Sign Setback.
A required sign setback is measured from the applicable lot line to the closest component of the sign or sign structure.
SIGN SETBACK
O. 
Yards and Setbacks.
1. 
General Definitions.
a. 
A yard is the e area between the building line of a principal building and the adjoining lot lines, exclusive of facade articulation, such as window or wall recesses and projections.
b. 
A required setback is the required minimum distance a principal building must be located from a lot line, which is unoccupied and unobstructed by any projections of a principal building, unless permitted by this Ordinance.
i. 
A build-to zone is considered a required setback. In the case of a build-to zone, the setback is the defined area (defined by minimum and maximum build-to lines) where the principal building must be located.
c. 
A setback may be equal to or lesser than a yard.
d. 
A setback is located along the applicable lot line for the minimum depth specified by the zoning district in which such lot is located.
2. 
Front Yard and Front Setback.
The front yard and front setback extend the full width of the lot between side lot lines measured perpendicular to the front lot line.
a. 
Front Yard: A front yard is located between a principal building line and the front lot line.
b. 
Front Setback: A front setback is the required minimum distance per the zoning district that a principal building must be located from the front lot line.
c. 
A front setback is measured from the front lot line.
d. 
Front setbacks on irregular lots are subject to the additional provisions:
i. 
On a lot with a radial (curved) front lot line, the required front setback, as measured from the right-of-way line follows the curve of the lot line.
ii. 
For flag lots, the front yard and setback is measured from the rear lot line of the lot that separates the flag portion of the lot from the street. For multiple flag lots that utilize a common drive, the front yard and setback may be measured from the lot line of the pole or access strip, as extended into the lot.
e. 
Where front yard averaging is permitted, the average front setback of the adjacent lots on either side of a lot may be used to establish the required front setback. Averaging is based on the two adjacent lots on either side or, in the case of a corner lot, the next two adjacent lots. In the case of a lot configuration where only one lot is available for averaging, the required front setback is that of the adjacent lot.
FRONT YARD AVERAGING
3. 
Interior Side Yard and Interior Side Setback.
The interior side yard and interior side setback extend along the interior side lot line between the front and rear yard or setback, measured perpendicular to the interior side lot line.
a. 
Interior Side Yard: An interior side yard is located between a principal building line and the interior side lot line.
b. 
Interior Side Setback: An interior side setback is the required minimum distance per the zoning district that a principal building must be located from the interior side lot line.
c. 
For single-family semi-detached developments, the interior side yard and interior side setback are only applicable to the side of the unit not located on the lot line (no shared wall attachment to another unit). For rowhouse developments, the interior side yard and interior side setback are only applicable to end units of the development.
4. 
Corner Side Yard and Corner Side Setback.
The corner side yard and corner side setback extend along the corner side lot line between the front yard or front setback and the rear lot line, measured perpendicular to the corner side lot line.
a. 
Corner Side Yard: A corner side yard is located between a principal building line and the corner side lot line.
b. 
Corner Side Setback: A corner side setback is the required minimum distance per the zoning district that a principal building must be located from the corner side lot line.
5. 
Rear Yard and Rear Setback.
The rear yard and rear setback extend between interior side lot lines, measured perpendicular to the rear lot line.
a. 
Rear Yard: A rear yard is located between a principal building line and the rear lot line.
b. 
Rear Setback: A rear setback is the required minimum distance per the zoning district that a principal building must be located from the rear lot line.
c. 
In the case of a corner lot, the rear yard and rear setback extend between the interior side lot line to the required corner side setback, measured perpendicular to the rear lot line.
6. 
Yard and Setback Requirements for Through Lots.
For through lots, both the front and the rear required setbacks must meet the required front setback of the zoning district.
YARDS AND SETBACKS