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Alexandria City Zoning Code

APPENDIX B

ACCEPTABLE PLANT MATERIALS AND SIGHT TRIANGLE STANDARDS

   (A)   Recommended plant materials.
      (1)   The following is designed to encourage an imaginative selection of landscape trees. Careful selection will prevent an over-dependence on a few species. This compilation will be useful to residents, nurserymen, horticulturists, landscapers, developers and landscape architects. Planting and maintaining a diverse urban forest is the goal of the city’s tree programs. This idea is reflected in landscape plan approval by the city’s Planning Commission.
      (2)   This list is divided into seven size categories: large trees which mature at a height of 50 feet or more (Group A); medium trees reaching a mature height of between 25 and 50 feet (Group B); large shrubs or small trees which range from ten to 25 feet at maturity (Group C); medium shrubs reaching a mature height of between six to ten feet in height at maturity (Group D); small shrubs reaching a mature height of between four to six feet in height at maturity (Group E); low shrubs reaching a mature height of between one and one-half to four feet in height at maturity (Group F); and ground cover reaching a mature height below one and one-half feet at maturity. Tree lawn sizes must accommodate the tree size planted: Group A, greater than seven feet; Group B, four to seven feet; and Group C, three to four feet. Use under utility lines is limited to small trees, although medium trees may be planted as close as ten lateral feet to utility lines.
      (3)   The approximate mature height and diameter of each tree’s crown are given. Trees are alphabetized by their scientific name with the common name given. Cultivars best suited to Northern Kentucky are also provided.
      (4)   Information on each plant is divided into two categories: plant characteristics and plant uses. Plant characteristics refer to the physical attributes of a plant, including height, spread, form, urban tolerance, disease and insect tolerance and density (for shrubs only). Plant uses refer to the appropriate use of trees; this includes street trees, property perimeter trees, vehicular use area perimeter trees, vehicular use area interior trees, as well as use in the sight triangle, utility easements, naturalized planting in greenspaces and possibly as a screen. Uses involving shrubs include property perimeter screening, service area screen, as well as use in the sign triangle, as a groundcover, and in greenspaces.
      (5)   The tolerance category presents information from various sources. The tree’s relative tolerance to insects, diseases, pollution and soil conditions are signified by either an “X” meaning yes, it is tolerant; or a blank box, meaning no, it is not tolerant. Boxes marked with an “X” under “Plant Uses” indicates that the tree or shrub is suitable for the listed uses.
      (6)   The comments pertain to any other notable characteristic of the tree.
   (B)   Sight triangle.
      (1)   Definition. A SIGHT TRIANGLE is that area at street or drive intersections where all landscaping is prohibited, except ground covers and trees that are without limbs from the ground up seven feet.
      (2)   City streets. When two city streets intersect a city street, the sight triangle shall consist of the area between points 35 feet along both streets from the intersection of the edges of the pavement. When a driveway intersects a city street, the sight triangle shall consist of the area between 20 feet. See Diagrams B-1 and B-2.
      (3)   State highway. Where a city street, driveway or other entrance intersects with a state highway, the sight triangle shall consist of the area between a point ten feet along the street or driveway edge of pavement and a point located along the edge of the state highway pavement the distance an automobile traveling the speed limit can go in six seconds. See Diagram B-3. An encroachment permit from the state’s Department of Transportation is required for any planting in the state right-of-way.
 
 
 
 
PDF view of Table A/LT here
A/LT Large Trees (Over 50 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name    Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
A/LT Large Trees (Over 50 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name    Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Street Tree
Recommended Planting Strip Width
Property Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Interior
Sight Triangle
Screening
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Abies concolor
White Fir
E
30’ to 50’
15’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Can be used as a screen between conflicting land uses; doesn’t meet other ordinance requirements because of low branch pattern: best used in large areas where there is room for plant development.
*Acer negundo
Box Elder
D
30’ to 50’
30’ to 50’
X
X
Excellent tree for streamside plantings. Will naturally seed in if no mow zone is established by stream.
Acer platanoides
Norway Maple
D
40’ to 50’
30’ to 40’
X
X
Very adaptable maple: best reserved for use in large areas: numerous cultivars can be selected for use.
Columnare
Crimson King
Summershade
Erectum
*Acer saccharinum
Silver Maple
D
50’ to 70’
40’ to 50’
X
*Acer saccharum
Sugar Maple
D
60’ to 75’
50’ to 60’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
One of best larger lawn and shade trees: not for downtown or other crowded areas. Possible use in suburban areas as a street tree.
Alnus glutinosa
Black Alder
D
40’ to 60’
20’ to 40’
Pyramidal to oval
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Good tree for any wet or clay soils: tolerates most adverse conditions. Nitrogen fixator
*Aseculus glabra
Ohio Buckeye
D
40’ to 70’
20’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
All parts poisonous if ingested.
*Aseculus octandra (A. flava)
Yellow Buckeye
D
60’ to 75’
20’ to 40’
Oval
X
X
All parts poisonous if ingested.
*Betula lenta
Sweet Birch
40’ to 50’
30’ to 40’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
X
X
X
X
Intolerant of polluted urban areas; best birch for yellow fall color good for large, naturalized areas.
*Betula nigra
River Birch
D
40’ to 70’
40’ to 60’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
More adaptable and disease resistant than other birch trees; handsome tree; good for wet areas.
Carpinus betulus
European Hornbeam
Asplenfolia
Columnaris
Fastiglata
D
40’ to 60’
30’ to 50’
Oval
X
X
X
X
X
Must be limbed up to meet outstanding specimen tree. There are many excellent cultivars that deserve use.
*Carya cordifcrmis
Butternut Hickory
D
50’ to 75’
20’ to 30’
Irregular
X
X
Can be planted by streams.
*Carya glabra
Pignut Hickory
D
50’ to 60’
25’ to 35’
Oval
X
X
*Carya lllinoinensis
Pecan
D
70’ to 100’
40’ to 75’
Oval
X
X
*Carya laciniosa
Shellbark Hickory
D
60’ to 80’
20’ to 30’
Spreading
X
X
*Carya ovata
Shagbark Hickory
D
60’ to 80’
40’ to 60’
Oblong
X
X
Can be planted by streams.
*Catalpa speciosa
Northern Catalpa
D
40’ to 60’
20’ to 40’
Irregular
X
X
*Celtis laevigata
Sugar Hackberry
D
60’ to 80’
50’ to 60’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
*Celtis occidentalis
Common Hackberry
D
40’ to 60’
40’ to 60’
Rounded
X
X
X
Excellent wildlife tree.
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Katsura Tree
D
40’ to 60’
30’ to 50’
Oval to columnar
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Male forms are narrow and upright while female forms are round and spreading; handsome tree; had to be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements.
Chamaecyparis obtuse
Hinoki Falsecypress
E
50’ to 75’
10’ to 20’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Very dense evergreen: needs moist, humid conditions and protection from wind; many cultivars but most are a smaller size.
Chamaecyparis pisifera
Sawara Falsecypress
E
50’ to 70’
10’ to 20’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Requires moist, humid conditions; numerous outstanding cultivars but they are a smaller size, loses beauty with age.
*Diospyros virginiana
Common Persimmon
D
35’ to 60’
20’ to 35’
Oval
X
X
Establishes well on compacted soils.
Eucommia ulmoides
Hardy Rubber Tree
D
40’ to 60’
40’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Virtually problem free, outstanding dark green foilage; lacking in other ornamental qualities; excellent street tree.
*Faqus qrandifolia (Faqus amencana)
American Beech
D
50’ to 70’
100’ to 120’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Recommended for shade areas only.
Faqus sylvatica
European Beech    Asplenifolia
Fastiagata
Riversii
Rohanii
Rotundifdia
D
50’ to 60’
35’ to 45’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
Doesn’t meet most ordinance requirements because of low branching pattern, many excellent cultivars that could be used as a large screen: needs room to develop.
*Fraxinus americana
White Ash Autumn Purple
D
50’ to 80’
40’ to 60’
Oval
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vigorous growing but requires a lot of care because of numerous insect and disease problems: best used in large areas. Potential to be devastated by Emerald Ash Borer.
Fraxinus excelsior
Common or European Ash Hessei
D
70’ to 80’
60’ to 90’
Rounded
X
X
Potential to be devastated by Emerald Ash Borer.
*Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Green Ash
Marshall’s
Seedless Summit
D
50’ to 60’
30’ to 40’
Oval
X
X
X
X
X
X
Very adaptable to adverse conditions where other trees have trouble growing. Excellent tree for wet areas. Potential to be devastated by Emerald Ash Borer
*Fraxinus quadranqulata
Blue Ash
True Blue
D
50’ to 70’
25’ to 35’
Rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
Trees will be hard to obtain until source Is established.
Ginkgo biloba (Male)
Ginkgo
Autumn Gold
Fastiagata
D
50’ to 80’
30’ to 50’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
Tolerates adverse conditions: excellent tree for streets and other urban uses: outstanding ornamental qualities.
*Gymnocladus dioicus
Kentucky Coffeetree
D
60’ to 75’
40’ to 50’
Oval
X
X
Drought tolerant
*Juglans cinerea
Butternut
D
40’ to 60’
30’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
*Juglans nigra
Black Walnut
D
50’ to 75’
50’ to 75’
Oval
X
X
Larix decidua
European Larch
D
70’ to 75’
25’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Nice specimen tree for large areas: intolerant of adverse conditions: messy winter appearance: does well in wet areas.
*Liquidambar styraciflua
Sweetgum
Festival
Moraine
D
60’ to 70’
40’ to 50’
Pyramidal to oval
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent tree for large areas: extensive root system needs room to develop: avoid polluted areas. Fruit can be considered a nuisance.
*Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Yellow Poplar
D
70’ to 90’
35’ to 50’
Oval to rounded
X
8’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Can grow to 150’ or taller, not for small areas.
*Magnolia acuminata
Cucumbertree
Magnolia
D
50’ to 80’
50’ to 80’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
8’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Develops massive spreading branches, not for polluted areas or dry soils.
Meta sequoia glyptostroboides
Dawn Redwood
D
70’ to 100’
25’
Pyramidal to conical
X
X
X
X
X
Can suffer from early freeze damage: not suitable for low areas; should only be used in large areas; very adaptable.
Picea abies
Norway Spruce
E
40’ to 60’
25’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Loses form with age: commonly used as a windbreak: can be pruned into a hedge.
Picea qlauca
White Spruce
E
40’ to 60’
10’ to 20’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Very adaptable: tolerates adverse conditions better than other spruce trees.
Picea omorika
Serbian Spruce
E
50’ to 60’
20’ to 25’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Excellent dark green foilage; tolerates city conditions: does well in almost any urban area.
Picea orientalis
Oriental Spruce
E
50’ to 60’
20’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Outstanding ornamental evergreen: needs protection from winter winds: low branching pattern restricts use.
Picea punqens
Colorado Spruce
E
50’ to 70’
20’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
Tolerates dry conditions better than ether spruce; best used in large areas because of over-planting silvery-blue foilage color: not tolerant of salt or clay soils.
*Pinus echinata
Short Leaf Pine
E
80’ to 100’
25’ to 35’
Pyramidal
X
X
Pinus resinosa
Red Pine
E
50’ to 80’
20’ to 40’
Pyramidal to oval
X
X
X
X
Tolerates adverse conditions, does best farther north; develops a picturesque, symmetrical form with age.
*Pinus strobus
White Pine
E
50’ to 80’
20’ to 40’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Soft, feathery appearance because of foilage. extremely intolerant of air pollution: one of most beautiful native pines.
Pinusthunberqii
Japanese Black Pine
E
20’ to 50’
Var.
Pyramidal to irregular
X
X
X
Variable in size and spread; tolerates salt spray and poor soils.
*Platanus occidentals
American Sycamore
D
75’ to 100’
75’ to 100’
Irregular
X
8’ +
X
X
Excellent floodplain tree.
Platanus x acerifolia
London Planetree
Bloodgood
D
70’ to 100’
60’ to 80’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
Tolerates adverse conditions: best used in large areas because of size: disease and insect problems can be serious.
*Prunes serotina
Black Cherry
0
50’ to 60’
25’ to 30’
Oval
X
X
*Quercus alba
White Oak
D
60’ to 100’
50’ to 80’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Drought resistant.
*Quercus bicolor
Swamp White Oak
D
50’ to 60’
50’ to 50’
Rounded
X
7’ +
X
X
Excellent floodplain tree.
*Quercus coccinea
Scarlet Oak
D
70’ to 75’
40’ to 50’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
Difficult to locate commercially: outstanding ornamental tree: somewhat difficult to transplant.
*Quercus falcata
Southern Red Oak
D
70’ to 80’
50’ to 70’
Rounded
X
X
X
*Quercus imbricaria
Shingle Oak
D
50’ to 60’
40’ to 60’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Nice tree when allowed room to develop; easier to transplant than most oaks: tolerates most adverse conditions.
*Quercus macrocarpa
Bur Oak
D
70’ to 80’
70’ to 80’
Irregular
X
X
*Quercus muehlenberqii
Chinkapin Oak
D
70’ to 80’
80’ to 100’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
*Quercus nigra
Water Oak
D
50’ to 80’
40’ to 60’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Used extensively in the South: adaptable to moist, wet sites; leaves persist into winter.
*Quercus palustris
Pin Oak
Crown Rite
Sovereign
D
60’ to 70’
25’ to 40’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Limited use to floodplain areas.
*Quercus phellos
Willow Oak
0
40’ to 60’
50’ to 40’
Pyramidal to oval
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Very handsome tree: widely used in South: finer textured that other oaks.
Quercus robur
English Oak
Fastigata
D
60’ to 80’
50’ to 60’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
Widely used in Europe: too large for most settings; tolerates high pH soils.
*Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
D
60’ to 75’
40’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Widely used; fast growing oak: transplants easily: valuable for a variety of landscape uses.
*Quercus shumardii
Shumard Oak
D
40’ to 60’
40’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Not widely known and difficult to find commercially. Excellent street tree.
*Robinia pseudoacacia
Black Locust
D
30’ to 80’
20’ to 35’
Narrow oblong
X
X
Excellent invasive for early successional forest stage, thorny.
*Sassafras albidum
Sassafras
D
30’ to 60’
25’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
X
4’ +
X
X
X
X
X
May need to be limbed up for some uses.
Stephandobium laponicum (formerly Sophora japonica)
Japanese Pagoda
Princeton Upright
D
50’ to 70’
40’ to 60’
Rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
Excellent flowers: adaptable to moist conditions: good tree for a variety of uses: should be used more extensively.
*Taxodium distichum
Bald Cypress
Shawnee Brave
D
50’ to 70’
20’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Often must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements: intolerant of reflected heat and drought: handsome specimen tree.
*Thuja occidentalis
American Arborvatae
E
40’ to 60’
10’ to 15’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
X
Very dense evergreen: requires considerable atmospheric moisture: numerous cultivars but most are much smaller.
*Tilia americana
American Basswood
D
60’ to 80’
30’ to 60’
Rounded
X
7’ +
X
X
X
Tilia cordata
Littleleaf Linden
Chancellor
Greenspire
June Bride
D
60’ to 70’
30’ to 50’
Oval
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
*Tilia heterophylla
White Basswood
D
60’ to 80’
30’ to 60’
Rounded
X
Tilia tomentosa
Silver Linden
D
50’ to 70’
30’ to 50’
Oval to Rounded
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
*Tsuqa canadensis
Eastern Hemlock
E
40’ to 70’
25’ to 35’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Very dense, low-branched evergreen: responds well to pruning; sensitive to drought and polluted environments.
Tsuqa caroliniana
Carolina Hemlock
E
45’ to 60’
20’ to 25’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
Tolerates city conditions better than T. canadensis: intolerant of drought conditions: not well known.
*Ulmus americana
American Elm
Must be hybrid resistant to Dutch Elm Disease
D
60’ to 80’
40’ to 55’
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Use only hybrids resistant to Dutch Elm Disease.
*Ulmus rubra
Slippery Elm
D
40’ to 60’
25’ to 40’
Vase
X
X
Excellent streamside tree.
Zelkova serrata
Japanese Zelkova    Village Green
D
50’ to 80’
40’ to 70’
Vase-shaped
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
Outstanding ornamental tree: has been used as a replacement for American Elm: tolerates wind and drought; excellent street tree: needs timely pruning.
Notes:
* = native species
 
PDF view of Table B/MT here
B/MT Medium Trees (25 to 50 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
B/MT Medium Trees (25 to 50 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Street Tree
Recommended Planting Strip Width
Property Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Interior
Sight Triangle
Screening
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Acer campestre
Hedge Maple
D
25’ to 35
25’ to 35’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Excellent medium-size tree: useful in areas where space is limited: attractive dark green foliage.
*Acer rubrum
Red Maple
   Armstrong
   Autumn Flame
   Columnar
   October Glory
   Red Sunset
   Scarlet Sentinel
D
40’ to 60’
40’ to 50’
Oval
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
Numerous cultivars are superior to the straight species and should be considered for use. Requires room to develop: won’t tolerate heavily polluted urban streets.
*Amelan chier arborea
Downy Serviceberry
D
15’ to 25’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Does best in a naturalistic planting. Only single trunks allowed for street trees.
*Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam
D
20’ to 30’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Does best in partial shade: often must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements: requires moist, well drained soils: interesting native tree.
*Cladratis kentukea
Yellowwood
D
30’ to 50’
40’ to 50’
Vase- shaped
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent flowers and foliage; tolerates moist soil conditions: poor branching angles often require corrective pruning.
Corylus columa
Turkish Filbert
D
40’ to 50’
20’ to 30’
Pyramidal
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
Favorite Japanese Beetle food.
*Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
Thornless Honey Locust
   Moriane
   Shademaster
   Skyline
   Sunburst
D
30’ to 50’
30’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Only thornless cultivars are acceptable: Cultivars have less disease and insect problems than straight species: provides a light, filtered shade: widely used.
*Halesia tetraptera (formerly Carolina)
Carolina Silverbell
D
30’ to 40’
20’ to 35’
Oval to rounded
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Prefers rich, well drained, acid soils: intolerant of adverse conditions: often must be limbed up to meet ordinance.
*Ilex opaca
American Holly
E
40’ to 50’
18’ to 40’
Pyramidal to irregular
X
X
X
X
Needs sheltered location; some leaf minor problems: need male and female for fruit. Normally, 20’ to 30’ in height: can be used as a large screen: must be limbed up to meet most ordinance requirements.
Ilex pedunculosa
Longstalk Holly
E
20’ to 30’
10’ to 15’
Dense, rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
One of the hardiest red fruiting holly.
*Juniperus virginiana
Eastern Redcedar
E
40’ to 50’
10’ to 20’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
X
Can be used as a screen between conflicting land uses: cultivars are superior to straight species, but most are smaller in size: best used in large areas: doesn t meet other ordinance requirements because of low branching pattern.
Koelreuteria paniculata
Golden rain tree
D
30’ to 40’
30’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Beautiful dense tree: tolerates most adverse conditions; excellent late yellow flowers: somewhat weak wooded but can be used as a street tree.
*Maclura pomifera
Osage-Orange
D
20’ to 40’
20’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
Wood is very decay resistant.
*Nyssa sytvatica
Black Gum. Tupelo
D
30’ to 50’
20’ to 30’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
One of the most beautiful native trees; intolerant of high pH soils difficult to transplant.
*Qstrya virginiana
Hophornbeam
D
25’ to 40’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
Good tree where space is limited: somewhat slow to establish; occasionally must be limbed up.
*Qxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood
D
25’ to 30’
20’ to 25’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Requires rich, acid soils; attractive in all seasons: somewhat difficult to transplant.
Parrotia persica
Persian Parrotia
D
20’ to 40’
15’ to 30’
Oval
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
Outstanding bark and foilage color: excelent for a variety of uses although not very well known.
Phellodendron amurense
Cork Tree
D
30’ to 45’
30’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Very adaptable, withstands most adverse conditions; useful in largest settings; picturesque appearance.
Pinus cembra
Swiss Stone Pine
E
30’ to 40’
15’ to 25’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
Handsome evergreen: slow growth rate limits use: requires an open area with good air movement: transplants easier than most pines.
Pinus parviflora
Japanese White Pine
D
25’ to 50’
25’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
Develops a low-branched, wide-spreading form: tolerates most soils: good tree for small areas, slow growth rate.
*Pinus virginiana
Virginia or Scrub Pine
E
15’ to 40’
10’ to 30’
Irregular pyramidal
X
X
 
Prunus sargentii
Sargent Cherry Columnaris
D
40’ to 50’
30’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Tolerant of adverse conditions: one of the best large cherries for ornamental use; fruit can be messy.
Prunus subhirtella
Higan Cherry
   Autumnalis var. pendula
D
20’ to 40’
15’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
Variable in form and flower colors; striking when in flower: numerous cultivars.
Prunus yedoensis
Yoshino Cherry
D
20’ to 40’
20’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Outstanding pinkish-white flowers: not common and could be hard to find commercially.
Quercus acutissima
Sawtooth Oak
D
35’ to 45’
30’ to 40’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Slow growth rate limits use: lustrous dark green foilage; not widely known but deserves more use.
*Quercus stellata
Post Oak
D
40’ to 50’
25’ to 35’
Rounded
X
X
 
Stewartia pseudo-camellia
Japanese Stewartia
D
20’ to 35’
20’ to 30’
Oval
X
X
X
X
Superb specimen tree: requires rich, moist soils: difficult to transplant: hardiest of the stewartias: hard to find commercially.
Syrinqa reticulata
Japanese Tree Lilac
D
20’ to 30’
15’ to 25’
Oval
X
X
X
5’ +
X
X
X
X
Most trouble-free lilac: mere adaptable than other lilacs: spectacular white flower display.
Tilia x euchlora
Crimean Linden    Redmond
D
40’ to 60’
20’ to 30’
Oval
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
 
*Ulmus alata
Winged Elm
D
30’ to 40’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
Often infected with powdery mildew.
Ulmus parvifolia
Lacebark Elm
D
40’ to 50’
40’ to 50’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
Resistant to Dutch Elm disease: often confused with U. pumila., but is a much superior ornamental tree.
Notes:
* = native species
PDF view of Table C/LST here
C/LST Large Shrub or Small Tree (10 to 15 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
C/LST Large Shrub or Small Tree (10 to 15 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Street Tree
Recommended Planting Strip Width
Property Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Perimeter
Vehicular Use Area Interior
Sight Triangle
Screening
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Acer tataricum var ginnela
Amur Maple
D
15’ to 18’
15’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Handsome multi-stemmed shrub tree: withstands heavy pruning inconsistent fall color: very adaptable.
Acer palmatum
Japanese Maple
   Atropurpureum
   Bloodgood
   Burgundy Lace
   Crispum
D
15’ to 25’
15’ to 25’
Rounded
X
X
X
Outstanding ornamental tree: frequently used because of slow growth and need for winter protection: recommended for private use.
*Acer pensylvanicum
Striped Maple
D
15’ to 20’
12’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
Shrub or tree form prefers partial shade: intolerant of adverse conditions: lovely while striped bark.
Aesculus parviflora
Bottlebrush Buckeye
D
8’ to 12’
8’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Excellent multi-stemmed shrub for shady areas: dense, compact forms are superb screens, but they require adequate room: can be kept much smaller.
*Aesculus pavia
Red Buckeye
D
10’ to 20’
10’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
*Alnus serrulate
Tag Alder
D
15’ to 25’
10’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent for use along stream banks and in poor soil areas.
Amelanchier canadensis
Shadblow Serviceberry
D
10’ to 20’
10’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Dense, upright shrub with erect stems tolerates wet soil better than other serviceberries use as screen if planted close together.
*Amelanchier laevis
Allegheny Serviceberry
D
15’ to 25’
15’ to 25’
Rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Attractive multi-stemmed tree: often must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements: possible use in sight triangle if single-stemmed forms are selected.
*Asimina triloba
Pawpaw
D
15’ to 20’
15’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Aggressive competitor. Excellent for use in stream areas.
*Cercis candensis
Eastern Redbud
   Flame
   Forest Pansy
   Royal
D
20 to 25’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent native tree: graceful ascending branches, normally must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements: showy pink-purple flowers.
*Chionanthus virginicus
White Fringetree
D
15’ to 30’
15’ to 30’
Broadly rounded
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
 
*Comus altemifolia
Pagoda Dogwood
D
15’ to 25’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Low branched tree or shrub: interesting horizontal branching: must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements.
*Cornus florida
Flowering Dogwood
   Cherokee Chief
   Cherokee Princess var. rubra
   White Cloud
D
20’ to 25’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent low branched ornamental tree; must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements: spectacular when flowering: recommended for private use.
Cornnus Kousa
Kousa Dogwood
   Milky Way
D
15’ to 20’
15’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
Possibly use if limbed up. but naturally develops a low branching structure: recommended for private use.
Corrnus mas
Cornelian Cherry- Dogwood
D
20’ to 25’
15’ to 20’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Usually branches to ground: possible if limbed up: attractive yellow flower display: recommended for private use.
*Crataegus crusqalli
Cockspur Hawthorn
D
20’ to 25’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Dense, low-branched tree; numerous long, sharp thorns; excellent screen and barrier plant.
Crataegus phaenopyrum
Washington Hawthorn
D
20’ to 30’
20’ to 25’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
X
X
Dense, thorny tree; thorns can limit use: often must be limbed up.
Crataegus viridus
Green Hawthorn
   Winter King
D
20’ to 30’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dense, thorny tree: occasionally must be limbed up: excellent small specimen tree: thorns might limits its use.
Crataegus x lavallei
Lavalle Hawthorn
D
15’ to 25’
10’ to 20’
Oval
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
X
Small dense tree, essentially thornless: normally must be limbed up to meet ordinance regulations: possible use in sight triangle if limbed up.
Euonymus alatus
Winged Euonymus
D
15’ to 25’
15’ to 25’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Large broad shrub: excellent hedge and screen plant: can be kept much smaller with pruning: very adaptable: numerous smaller cultivars. Invasive.
*Euonymus atropurpureus
Eastern Wahoo
D
12’ to 24’
10’ to 20’
Irregular
X
X
X
X
X
X
Susceptible to scale.
Forsythia x intermedia
Border Forsythia
D
8’ to 10’
10’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Benefits from selective pruning of larger branches; can be kept smaller with pruning.
*Hamamelis virginiana
Common Witchhazel
D
20’ to 30’
20’ to 25’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
 
Hydrangea paniculate
Panicle Hydrangea
D
15’ to 25’
10’ to 20’
Irregular
X
X
X
X
Should probably be reserved for large out of the way areas.
Ilex x attenuata “Foster”
Foster Holly
E
10’ to 20’
5’ to 10’
Pyramidal
X
X
X
X
X
Dense, handsome evergreen: excellent year-round screen: possible winter damage.
Juniperus chinensis (Cult.)
Chinese Juniper (Cult.)
   Hetzii
   Keteleeri
   Mint Julep
   Mount Batten
   Pfitzeriana
   Robusta Green
E
12’ to 25’
Var.
Varied
X
X
X
X
X
Only cultivars are acceptable: uses depend on the size, shape, and growth habit of each cultivar: dense evergreen forms.
Magnolia stellata
Star Magnolia
D
15’ to 20’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
Dense shrub-like form: good screen but needs ample room; needs winter protection; avoid southern exposure.
Magnolia virginiana
Sweetbay Magnolia
D
10’ to 20’
10’ to 20’
Oval
X
X
X
X
X
Large multi-stemmed shrub; better in wet soils than other magnolias, possible use if central leader forms are used.
Magnolia x soulangiana
Saucer Magnolia
D
20’ to 20’
20’ to 30’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Low-branched and normally must be limbed up to meet ordinance requirements although this destroys form: seldom used to meet landscaping requirements: but recommended highly for private use.
Malus (varieties)
Crabapple
   Bob White
   Coral Cascade
   Dolgo
   Harvest Gold
   Red Jade
   Red Swan
   Snowdrift
   Vanguard
   White Angel
D
10’ to 25’
10’ to 30’
Varied
X
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
X
Only disease and insect resistant cultivars are acceptable: possible use depends on branching height: often must be limbed up: valued for foilage: fruit, flowers, and variations in size and form: numerous cultivars and landscape numerous cultivars and landscape uses.
Philadelphus x virginalis
Mockorange
D
10’ to 15’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
 
Pinus densiflora
Japanese Red Pine    Oculus - draconis
   Umbraculifera
E
10’ to 15’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
Only cultivars are acceptable in this size group; dense evergreen form; slow growing; interesting small specimen trees.
Pinus mugo
Mugho Pine
E
15’ to 20’
20’ to 30’
Varied
X
X
Variable in form, although normally low. and broad-spreading; can be pruned yearly to keep dwarf.
Platycladus orientalis
Oriental Arborvitae
E
15’ to 25’
10’ to 12’
Pyramidal to oval
X
X
X
X
X
Dense evergreen form: tolerates heat and adverse soils; needs wind protection.
*Prunus americana
American Plum
D
15’ to 25’
12’ to 18’
Rounded
X
X
X
 
Prunus anqustifolia
Chickasaw Plum
D
12’ to 20’
15’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
 
Prunus “Hally Jolivette”
Hally Jolivette Cherry
D
10’ to 15’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
Densely branched large shrub; attractive pinkish-white flowers; wide-spreading and requires ample room; seldom used as a landscape requirement but one of the nicest cherries.
Prunus serrulata (Cult.)
Oriental Cherry (Cult.)
   Kwanzan
   Shirofugen
D
15’ to 20’
15’ to 20’
Vase-shaped
X
X
7’ +
X
X
X
X
Straight species is inferior and seldom used, but there are numerous outstanding cultivars; excellent flower display.
*Prunus Virginiana
Common Chokecherry
D
20’ to 30’
18’ to 25’
Rounded
X
X
 
*Ptelea trifoliate
Hoptree
D
15’ to 20’
15’ to 20’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Does well in shade or sun.
*Rhamnus caroliniana
Carolina Buckthorn
D
10’ to 25’
10’ to 25’
Oval
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
*Rhus typhina
Staghorn Sumac
D
15’ to 25’
15’ to 25’
Spreading
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
*Robinia hispida
Bristly Locust
D
6’ to 20’
6’ to 20’
Spreading
X
X
 
*Staphytea trifolia
American Bladdemut
D
10’ to 15’
5’ to 10’
Upright
X
X
X
X
Prefers damp. most, well-drained soils.
Taxus cuspidata (Cult.)
Japanese Yew (Cult.)
   Capitada
   Intermedia
   Nana
   Thayen
E
10’ to 20’
10’ to 30’
Varied
X
X
X
X
Only cultivars are acceptable for this group: responds well to pruning and can be kept much smaller than size listed: excellent dense hedges.
Viburnum lentago
Nannyberry
D
15’ to 18’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
Viburnum opulus
Cranberrybush Viburnum
D
8’ to 10’
10’ to 15’
Oval to rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Attractive fruit and flower display: very common viburnum and one of the most popular: good screen for large areas.
*Viburnum prunifolium
Blackhaw Viburnum
D
12’ to 15’
8’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
Viburnum rhytidophyllum
Leatherleaf Viburnum
E
10’ to 15’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
Blends well with other evergreens: tolerates heavy shade: best used in large areas.
*Viburnum rufidulum
Southern or Rusty Blackhaw
D
12’ to 15’
8’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
 
Viburnum sieboldii
Siebold Viburnum
D
15’ to 20’
10’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
Large, coarse shrub; requires ample moisture; best used in large areas.
Viburnum trilobum
American Cranberrybush
D
8’ to 12’
8’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Multi-stemmed shrub; transplants easily; needs well- drained moist soil; good screen for large areas.
Notes:
* = native species
 
PDF view of Table D/MS here
D/MS Medium Shrubs (5 to 10 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
D/MS Medium Shrubs (5 to 10 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Density
Perimeter Property Screening
Vehicular Use Perimeter Screening
Surface Area Screening
Sight Triangle
Ground Cover
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Acanthopanax sieboldian
Fiveleaf Aralia
D
8’ to 10’
8’ to 10’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Erect shrub with arching branches, extremely adaptable; numerous sharp-pointed thorns that are effective for stopping circulation.
*Aronia arbutifolia
Red Chokeberrry
D
6’ to 10’
3’ to 5’
Oval to columnar
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
X
X
Somewhat leggy, develops a rounded crown: requires a low facer plant to be effective for screening: must be planted closely together to achieve required density.
*Aronia melanocarpa
Black Chokeberry
D
3’ to 5’
3’ to 5’
Rounded
X
X
Open
X
X
X
X
X
Tends to sucker profusely and forms large colonies.
Berberis julianae
Wintergreen Barbarry
D
6’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Columnar to rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
Semi-evergreen: numerous small thorns: excellent screen or barrier plant: hardiness is semetimes a problem.
*Calycanthus floridus
Carolina Allspice
D
6’ to 9’
6’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
X
Very fragrant flowers with a sweet strawberry scent; adaptable: does well in shade
*Cephalanthus occidentalis
Button bush
D
3’ to 6’
3’ to 6’
Rounded
X
Open
X
X
Best reserved for most areas in a naturalized situation.
Chaenomeles speciose
Flowering Quince
D
6’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
Dense
X
X
X
Dense, twiggy form with spiny branches: used mainly because of flower display: good barrier plant.
Chamecyparis pisifera
Sawara falselyparis
   Cyano-virdis
   Filifera
   Filifera Aurea
   Plumose
   Plumosa Aurea
   Squarrosa
E
6’ to 8’
6’ to 7’
Varied
X
Very Dense
X
X
X
Only cultivars are acceptable for this size group; numerous outstanding cultivars; all prefer moist, humid conditions; large variety of forms, colors and textures.
*Cornus amomum
Silky Dogwood
D
6’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
Open
X
X
Best used for naturalizing in moist and net soils; prefers partially shaded areas
 
Cornus serica
Redosier Dogwood
D
7’ to 9’
10’+
Rounded
X
Open
X
X
X
X
X
Very adaptable; twig blight can be a problem.
Cotoneaster lucidus
Hedge Cotoneaster
D
5’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Frequently used as a hedge; handsome dark green foliage; vigorous, durable shrub.
Cotoneaster multiflora
Many flowered Cotoneaster
D
8’ to 12’
12’ to 15’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Develops a fountain-like appearance; somewhat difficult to transplant; attractive white flowers; requires room to develop.
Euonymus alatus (Cultivar)
Winged Euonymus
   Com pacta
D
6’ to 8’
6’ to 8’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Develops to a larger size than most people expect, but much more compact than straight species; excellent hedge.
Forsythia suspense
Weeping Forsythia
D
8’ to 10’
10’ to 15’
Fountain-like
X
X
Dense
X
X
Branches can be trained along a wall, fence or other structure.
Fotherqilla major
Larger Fothergilla
D
6’ to 10’
5’ to 8’
Pyramidal to rounded
X
Dense
X
X
X
Requires acid soil and good drainage; attractive dark green foliage.
Hamamelis vemalis
Vernal Witchhazel
D
6* to 10’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Neat, multi-stemmed form; smallest witchhazel; durable, adaptable plant; flowers early.
Ilex crenata
Japanese Holly
   Convexa
   Microphylla
   Rotundifolia
E
5’ to 8’
5’ to 8’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
Slow growth rate limits use as a large screen; possible winter damage depending cn cultivar: best used as a low shrub or hedge.
Ilex glabra
Inkberry
D
6’ to 8’
8’ to 10’
Oval to Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
Becomes somewhat open with age but responds well to heavy pruning: slow growth rate; many uses.
*Ilex verticillata
Winterberry
D
6’ to 9’
6’ to 9’
Oval to Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
X
X
Excellent for wet areas: requires both male and female plant for fruit; prefers rich acid soils: slow growing.
Ilex x meserve
Meserve Holly
   Blue Angel
   Blue Prince
   Blue Princess
E
6’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Varied
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Shrubby evergreen form; seldom any winter damage; one of the hardiest and most ornamental holly: can be kept smaller by prunjng
*Juniperus communis
Common Juniper
E
5’ to 10’
8’ to 12’
Varied
X
Dense
X
X
Attractive to wildlife, excellent for songbirds, cover and screen.
*Kalmia latifolia
Mountain-laurel
E
7’ to 10’
7’ to 10’
Rounded
Dense
X
X
Can grow to 30’ in farther south: handsome broadleaf evergreen: requires rich, moist, acid soil, somewhat difficult to grow.
*Lindera benzoin
Spicebush
D
6’ to 12’
6’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
X
Forage for wildlife, excellent open space selection
Lonicera fraqrantissima
Fragrant Honeysuckle
D
6’ to 10’
6’ to 10’
Rounded
X
Dense
X
X
X
Tangled mass of branches; good hedge: very adaptable: fragrant white flowers.
Myrica pensylvanica
Northern Bayberry
D
5’ to 12’
5’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Semi-evergreen: extremely adaptable: combines well with broadleaf evergreens: many uses.
Pieris japonica
Japanese Pieris
E
9’ to 12’
6’ to 8’
Oval
Dense
X
X
X
Broadleaf evergreen: requires rich, moist, acid soil: difficult to grow: requires winter protection; highly recommended for use with other broadleaf evergreens: should only be used in protected areas.
Rhaminus frangula Cult.
Glossy Buckthorn
   Columnaris
D
8’ to 12’
8’ to 12’
Columnar to Oval
Dense
X
X
X
Popular as a tall, narrow hedge; straight species is unacceptable: intolerant of compacted soil.
Rhododendron (Varieties)
Rhododendron (Var.)
E
Var.
Var.
Varied
Dense
X
X
X
Requires shade and protection from winter and wind damage: excellent plant where it will grow; blends well with other broadleaf evergreens.
*Sambucus canadensis
American Elder
D
Var.
Var.
Spreading
X
X
Open
X
X
Best used in naturalized areas.
Taxus x media
Anglojap Yew
   Brownii
   Chadwickii
   Densiformis
   Hatfieldii
   Hicksii
   Wardii    
E
5’ to 12’
Var.
Varied
X
X
Very Dense
X
X
X
X
Can eventually grow to 10’ tall if net pruned; responds extremely well to pruning and can be kept as low as 2’ to 3’ tall indefinitely, makes and excellent hedge.
*Viburnum dentatum
Arrowwood Viburnum
D
6’ to 8’
6’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
Most durable viburnum; not as attractive as most viburnums: good for a hedge: suckers freely and can become unkempt.
*Viburnum molle
Kentucky Viburnum
D
8’
8’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
 
Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum
Cranberrybush
Viburnum
D
8’ to 12’
8’ to 12’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
X
Interesting honzontal branchings, adaptable: outstanding flower display, excellent screen for large areas.
Viburnum x burkwoodii
Burkwood Viburnum
D
8’ to 10’
6’ to 8’
Oval to rounded
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
X
Blends well with broadleaf evergreens: somewhat unkempt in appearance and usually requires pruning: very fragrant flowers.
Notes:
* = native species
PDF view of Table E/SS here
E/SS Small Shrubs (4 to 6 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Density
Perimeter Property Screening
Vehicular Use Perimeter Screening
Surface Area Screening
Sight Triangle
Ground Cover
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Berberis Koreana
Korean Barberry
D
4’ to 6’
3’ to 5’
Oval
X
X
Very dense
X
Multi-stemmed form: suckers profusely and can become unkempt with age: size limits its use: excellent as a barrier.
Berberis thunberqii
Japanese Barberry
D
4’ to 5’
5’ to 7’
Columnar to rounded
X
X
Dense
X
This popular barberry withstands drought conditions excellent screen or hedge, many smaller cultivars deserve use
Berberis x mentorensis
Mentor Barberry
D
5’ to 7’
5’ to 7’
Columnar
X
X
Dense
X
X
X
Semi-evergreen: withstands cold and hot conditions better than other barberries; outstanding hedge because of uniform growth rate; size limits use.
Chamaecyparis obtusa
(cultivar)
Hincki Falsecypress
   Compacta
   Grachs
   Nana Gracillis
E
5’ to 7’
5’ to 7’
Rounded
X
Very dense
X
Straight species can grow to 60’ or more in height; only cultivars are acceptable: thick, dark green foliage.
Clethra alnifolia
Summersweet Clethra
D
5’ to 7’
5’ to 7’
Oval to rounded
X
X
Dense
X
Good shrub for wet areas: attractive, fragrant flowers appears late in summer: very clean.
*Leuccthoe totanesiana
Drooping Leucothoe
E
5’ to 7’
5’ to 7’
Weeping
X
Intermediate
X
Fountain-like appearance: intolerant of drought or winds; good undergrowth plant: broadleaf evergreen.
Pinus muqho (cultivar)
Mugho Pine (Cult.)
   Compacta
   var. mugho
   Slavinii
E
5’ to 7’
5’ to 7’
Varied
X
Very dense
X
Slow-growing; cultivars seldom become large enough to meet some landscape screening requirements: excellent low evergreen screens.
Rhedotypos scandens
Jetbead
D
3’ to 6’
4’ to 9’
Rounded
X
X
Intermediate
X
Tough, durable plant withstanding most adverse conditions: good selection where other plants have trouble growing.
*Rhus aromatica
Fragrant Sumac
D
3’ to 6’
6’ to 10’
Spreading
X
X
Dense
X
Size can vary: develops into a low. spreading mound: good plant for difficult sites.
Ribes alpinum
Alpine Currant
D
3’ to 6’
6’ to 9’
Rounded
X
Dense
X
Responds well to pruning and makes an excellent hedge: tolerant to adverse conditions.
Notes:
* = native species
 
PDF view of Table F/LS here
F/LS Low Shrubs (1-1/2 to 4 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
F/LS Low Shrubs (1-1/2 to 4 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Plant Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Density
Perimeter Property Screening
Vehicular Use Perimeter Screening
Surface Area Screening
Sight Triangle
Ground Cover
Tree Protection Ordinance
Open Space Use
Comments
Abelia x qrandiflora
Glossy Abelia
D
3’ to 5’
3’ to 5’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Dense
X
Often killed back in severe winters unless protected: handsome pink flower display: blends well with broadleaf evergreens: limited hardiness.
Abeliophyllum distichum
Korean Abelialeaf
D
3’ to 5’
3’ to 4’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
Excellent early spring flower display: requires winter protection.
Berberis thunbergii
Japanese Barberry
   Crimson Pgymy
D
3’ to 5’
4’ to 7’
Rounded
X
X
Very dense
X
Good hedge or barrier: numerous sharp, spiny thorns: Crimson Pygmy seldom gets above 2-1/2’ in height: very adaptable.
Berberis verruculosa
Warty Barberry
D
3’ to 5’
3’ to 6’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Dense
X
X
Excellent low barrier or screen: lustrous, dark green foilage: possible winter damage if not protected.
Buxus micrcohylla
Littleleaf Boxwood
   Compacta
   var. koreana
   Tide Hill
   Wintergreen
E
3’ to 4’
3’ to 4’
Rounded
X
Very dense
X
Handsome, compact evergreen: protect from drying winds and very lew temperatures; excellent hedge or screening.
*Ceanothus americanus
New Jersey Tea
D
3’ to 4’
3’ to 5’
Rounded
X
 
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Rock Coton aster
D
2’ to 3’
5’ to 8’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Dense
X
Flat and wide-spreading: excellent ground cover for a large area.
Deutzia gracilis
Slender Deutzia
D
2’ to 4’
3’ to 4’
Rounded
X
X
Intermediate
X
Very adaptable: best of the Deutzias: good flower display: use as a low hedge or screen
Fotherqilla qardenii
Dwarf Fothergilla
D
2’ to 4’
3’ to 4’
Rounded
X
Intermediate
X
Requires moist, acid soils; handsome flowers and foilage; possible for a variety of uses.
*Hypericum frondosum
Golden St. Johnswort
D
3’ to 4’
3’ to 4’
Upright
X
Intermediate
X
X
X
Excellent for filter strip along stream.
*Hypericum prolificum
Shrubby St. Johnswort
D
2’ to 4’
2’ to 4’
Rounded
X
X
Dense
X
X
Tolerates a variety of adverse conditions; attractive bright yellow flowers add color in summer.
Ilex crenata
Japanese Holly
   Glory
   Green Luster
   Helleri
   Hetzi
E
2’ to 4’
2’ to 4’
Rounded to spreading
X
Dense
X
X
Straight species is too large for this size group, numerous outstanding evergreen cultivars: possible need for winter protection depending on cultivar: excellent for a variety of uses.
Juniperus chinensis
var. sargentii
   Sargents Chinese-Juniper
E
1-1/2’ to 2-1/2’
7’ to 9’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
One of the most adaptable junipers; salt-tolerant and blight resistant: excellent evergreen ground cover.
Juniperus horizontalis
Creeping Juniper
   Plumosa
   Plum os a Compacta
   Youngstown
E
2’ to 2-1/2’
6’ to 10’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
Compact evergreen form; one of most popular junipers.
Picea abie
Norway Spruce
   Nidiformis
E
3’ to 5’
4’ to 5’
Rounded to wide- spreading
Very dense
X
Straight species is too large for this size group: handsome birds nest shaped evergreen.
Potentilla fruticosa
Bush Cinquefoil
   Farreri
   Moonlight
D
1’ to 4’
2’ to 4’
Rounded
X
X
Intermediate
X
Graceful, refined appearance; requires pruning every 2 to 3 years to keep from becoming straggly; handsome low shrub.
Prunus laurocerasus
Common Laurelcherry
   Otto Luyken Rotundifolia
   Zabehana
E
3’ to 6
3’ to 5’
Rounded to wide- spreading
Dense
X
Broadleaf evergreen shrub: possible winter damage: handsome when used as a hedge: withstands pruning well,
Spiraea x bumalda
Bumalda Spirea
   Anthony Watereri
D
2’ to 3’
3 to 5’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
Dense
X
Often used as a facer plant for tall, leggy screens: tolerates all but wet soils.
Taxus baccata
English Yew
   Repandens
E
2’ to 4’
3’ to 5’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
Straight species exhibits frequent winter damage: Repandens’ is a dwarf cultivar and is hardy.
Notes:
* = native species
PDF view of Table G/GC here
G/GC - Ground Cover (Below 1-1/2 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
G/GC - Ground Cover (Below 1-1/2 Feet in Height)
Acceptable Materials
Scientific Name
Common Name
   Cultivar
Plant Characteristics
Plant Uses
Plant Type
Height
Spread
Form
Urban Tolerant
Disease and Insect Tolerant
Density
Perimeter Property Screening
Vehicular Use Perimeter Screening
Surface Area Screening
Sight Triangle
Ground Cover
Greenspace Use
Comments
Ajuga genevensis
Geneva Bugle
E
4” to 12”
Variable
Wide- Spreading
X
X
Dense
X
X
Tolerates sun or shade; evergreen: easily crushed if walked on.
Ajuqa reptans
Carpet Bugle
E
4” to 12”
Variable
Wide- Spreading
X
X
Dense
X
X
Very adaptable: numerous outstanding cultivars: excellent evergreen ground cover.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bearberry
D
6” to 12”
2’ to 4’
Wide- Spreading
X
X
Dense
X
X
Thick, broad, evergreen mat: does best in poor sandy soils: excellent ground cover for adverse situations.
*Biqnonia (Anisostichus) capreolata
Crossvine
E
Var.
Var.
Climbing Vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Calluna vulgaris
Scotch Heather
D
4” to 24”
2’ to 3’
Wide- Spreading
X
Dense
X
X
Requires rich, acid soil: very exacting cultural requirements: only lower growing cultivars are acceptable for use in sight triangle: one of most beautiful ground covers.
*Campsis radicans
Trumpet creeper
D
Var.
Var.
Clinging vine
X
X
Dense
X
Has a tendency to take over an area.
*Celastrus scandens
American Bittersweet
D
Var.
Var.
Twining vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
*Clematis Virginiana
Virginsbower
D
Var.
Var.
Climbing vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Handsome horizontal branching: roots where branches touch the soil.
Cotoneaster adpressa
Creeping Cotoneaster
   Praecox
D
12” to 18”
4’ to 6’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Branches creep along the ground: vigorous and fast growing: excellent ground cover.
Cotoneaster dammeri
Bearberry cotoneaster
   Skogholm
D
12” to 18”
6’ to 8’
Wide- spreading
X
Dense
X
X
Erica carnea
Spring Heath
D
6” to 18”
2’ to 3’
Wide- spreading
X
Dense
X
X
Seldom grows over 12” tall; fine textured evergreen ground cover; similar to C. vulgaris.
Forsythia viridissima
Bronze Forsythia
   Bronxensis
D
12” to 18”
2’ to 3’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Straight species is too large for use: Bronxensis’ is a dwarf cultivar: excellent foilage and early spring flowers.
*Gaylussacia brachycera
Box Huckleberry
E
6” to 18”
Indef.
Dwarf wide- spreading
X
X
Dense
X
X
Requires acid, well-drained soil; full sun to partial shade.
Hedera Helix
English Ivy
E
6” to 8”
Var,
Wide- spreading vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Can be an evergreen vine or ground cover: tolerates heavy shade: excellent plant for a variety of uses.
Hypericum calycinum
St. Johnswort
â–¡
12” to 18”
18” to 24”
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
X
Experiences frequent winter damage; semi-evergreen depending on the weather.
Juniperus conferta
Shore Juniper
   Blue Pacific
   Emerald Sea
E
12” to 18”
6’ to 9’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
X
Possible winter damage: very adaptable: one of the most handsome juniper ground covers.
Juniperus horizontal
Creeping Juniper
   Bar Harbor
   Blue Chip
   Blue Mat
   Douglasi
   Procumbens
   Wiltoni
E
12” to 24”
4’ to 8’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
X
Only lowest cultivars are acceptable for use in sight triangle: very adaptable: excellent for any dry. sunny area: numerous outstanding cultivars.
Juniperus sabina
Savin Juniper
   Arcadia
   Broadmoor
   var. tamariscifolia
E
12” to 18”
3’ to 5’
Wide- spreading
X
X
Very dense
X
X
Straight species is of little value, but numerous outstanding cultivars; withstands adverse conditions.
Liriope muscari
Liriope
E
12” to 18”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Tolerates almost any type of adverse condition; attractive, fine-textured grasslike appearance.
*Lonicera sempervirens
Trumpet Honeysuckle
D
Var.
Var.
Twining vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
*Pachistima canbyi
Pachist ima (Mountain Lover)
E
4” to 12”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
X
Pachysandra terminalis
Japanese Spurge
E
0’ to 10”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Boston Ivy
E
4” to 6”
2.5’ to 3.5’
Wide- spreading vine
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Fast growing evergreen vine: likes partial shade and will cling to wall and fences.
Rosa wichuriana
Memorial Rose
D
12” to 18”
Var. to
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Semi-evergreen ground cover or vine; excellent for preventing soi erosion.
Spiraea iaponica var. alpine
â–¡
8” to 12”
2’ to 3’
Rounded to wide- spreading
X
Intermediate
X
X
Very fast growing delicate, fine-textured plant: handsome pink flowers.
Thymus serphyllus
Mother-of-thyme
â–¡
1” to 3”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Often dies back in winter and is used as a perennial.
Vinca minor
Periwinkle
D
3” to 6”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
Intermediate
X
X
Excellent evergreen ground cover; handsome lilac blue flowers.
Wisteria floribunda
Japanese Wisteria
D
Var.
Var.
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
Needs ample support.
*Wisteria frutescens
American Wisteria
D
Var.
Var.
X
X
Intermediate
X
X
*Xanthcrhiza simplicissima
Yellowroot
D
12” to 24”
Var.
Wide- spreading
X
Intermediate
X
Suckers freely from roots; good ground cover for moist areas.
Notes:
* = native species
Herbaceous Cover
Red - Pink Flowering Species
Scientific Name
Common Name
Height
Bloom Time
Sun
Color
Herbaceous Cover
Red - Pink Flowering Species
Scientific Name
Common Name
Height
Bloom Time
Sun
Color
Aquileqia canadensis
Wild Columbine
1’ - 3’
May
Full or Partial
Red - Yellow
Cosmos bipinnata
Pink Cosmos
2’ - 3’
June - October
Full
Pink
Echinacea purpurea
Purple Coneflower
3’ - 4’
July
Full
Pinkish-Purple, Rust Center
Eupatorium fistulosom
Joe-Pye Weed
5’ - 10’
August - September
Full
Purple - Pink
Geranium maculatum
Crane’s Bill Geranium
2’
April - May
Full
Rose - Purple
Lavatera trimestris
Rose Mallow
3’
June - July
Full
Pink
Liatria pycnostachya
Prairie Blazing Star
2’
July
Full
Deep Pink
Liatris squarrosa
Blazing Star
1’ - 2’
July - August
Full
Purple - Pink
Lobelia cardinalis
Cardinal Flower
3’
August
Partial
Brilliant Red
Lupinus perennis
Lupine
2’
*
Paeonia
Peony
2’
May
Full or Partial
Pink-White - Rose
Penstemon brevisepalu
Short Sepal Beard -Tongue
15” - 30”
May - June
Partial
Pale Pink-Purple
Phlox maculata
Meadow Phlox
20” - 30”
July
Full or Partial
Reddish - Purple
Phlox Paniculata
Fall Phlox
3’ - 4’
July
Full or Partial
Bright Pink
Phlox pilosa
Prairie Phlox
1’ - 2’
April - May
Full
Pink - Purple
Phlox subulata
Creeping Phlox
6” - 8”
April - May
Full or Partial
Pink - White - Mauve
Physosteqia virqmiana
Obedient Plant
1’ - 3’
August - September
Full or Partial
Pink-Violet
Rosa Carolina
Pasture Rose
1’ - 3’
June
Full or Partial
Pink, Yellow Eye
Sabatia angularis
Rose Gentian
2’
June - July
Partial
Rose - Pink
Saponaria officinalis
Bounding Bet
1’ - 2’
June - September
Full
Pink, White
Silene caroliniana
Wild Pink
10” - 12”
May
Full or Partial
Bright Pink
Veronia altissima
Ironweed
4-7’
August - September
Full
Deep Purple Red
Notes:   Bloomtime: May - June
      Sun: full sun
      Color: purple
Herbaceous Cover
Blue-Purple Species
Scientific Name
Common Name
Height
Bloom Time
Sun
Color
Herbaceous Cover
Blue-Purple Species
Scientific Name
Common Name
Height
Bloom Time
Sun
Color
Aster novae-onqliae
New England Aster
2’ - 6’
October
Full
Purple
Aster shortii
Short’s Aster
2’ - 4’
September
Partial
Violet-Blue
Camassia scilloides
Wild Hyacinth
1’ - 2’
May
Partial
Pale Blue
Campanula americana
Tall Bellflower
2’ - 6’
July
Partial
Bl ue
Campanula latifolia
Giant Bellflower
3’
July
Partial
Blue
Centaurea cyanus
Cornflower
2’ - 3’
June - July
Sun
Bl ue
Cichorium intybus
Chicory
1’ - 3’
June - September
Sun
Bright Blue
Eupatorium coelestinum
Mistflower
1’ - 3’
August - October
Partial
Bl ue-Violet
Hesperis matronalis
Sweet Pocket
1’ - 3’
May
Full or Partial
Purple, Lilac, Pink, White
Liatria spicata
Spiked Gayfeather
3’ - 6’
August - September
Full or Partial
Lavender
Lobelia siphilitica
Great Blue Lobelia
2’ - 3’
August - September
Partial
Bl ue
Mertensia virqinica
Virginia Bluebells
2’
April
Partial
Blue
Monarda fistulosa
Bee-Balm
2’
July - August
Full
Lilac
Phacelia bipinnatifida
Purple Phacelia
1’ - 2’
April - May
Partial
Purple, Blue-Violet
Phlox divaricata
Blue Phlox
1’ - 2’
April - May
Blue
Polemonium reptans
Jacob’s Ladder
10”-15”
April
Partial
Blue, Blue-Violet
Salvia azurea
Blue Sage
1’
July - September
Full
Blue
Tradescantia subaspera
Zigzag Spiderwort
2’ - 4’
June
Partial
Purple
Tradescantia virqiniana
Early Spiderwort
6’ - 12’
June
Partial
Purple to Rose