This chapter, providing for the administration and enforcement of parking regulations, shall be known, and may be cited and referred to as the “City of Clive Parking and Circulation Requirements.”

   The purpose of this chapter is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens, prevent traffic congestion and hazards, provide for proper traffic safety by preserving the public thoroughfares for the unimpaired movement of pedestrian, bicycle, and vehicular traffic, provide for attractive, secure, properly lighted, and well screened off-street parking facilities, assure the mobility and access of emergency vehicles, provide for appropriately designed parking facilities in proportion to the needs generated by the varying types of land use, and minimize the negative visual impacts of large expanses of parking by reducing glare from parking lots through open space and landscaping around the parking areas.

   The lawful use of parking facilities existing at the time of the enactment of this chapter (January 17, 2008) may be continued although such use may not conform to the regulations herein. For those parking facilities permitted before the adoption of these regulations, such facilities shall be classified as “permitted nonconforming” facilities. No permit shall be issued for any lot, tenant, or development after the effective date hereof and not in substantial conformity with the provisions of these regulations. Nor shall any parking facility, except as herein specified, be substantially improved, converted, enlarged, or otherwise altered without conforming to the provisions of this chapter.

   In all districts, in connection with every industrial, commercial, business, recreational, or dwelling use, and all other uses, space for off-street parking and storage of vehicles shall be provided in accordance with all of the following regulations, except as elsewhere provided herein.

   All of the following standards shall apply to all off street parking:

   1.   Spaces Required. No structure or use shall be permitted or constructed unless off-street parking spaces are provided in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

   2.   Parking Area Arrangement and Markings. All parking areas shall be so arranged and marked so as to provide for orderly and safe loading or unloading, parking and storage of self-propelled vehicles.

   3.   Fractional Spaces. Fractional space requirements shall be rounded up to the next whole space.

   4.   Uses with Differing Business Hours. The number of required parking spaces for uses with differing business hours that share a parking lot may be reduced by 25 percent of the total required for each use, if it is determined by the Community Development Director that such reduction will not have a negative impact on the congestion or safety of the development. Special regulations for Town Center (TC) District: All town center district parking requirements are subject to Section 11-8-5.

   5.   Principal Building Enlargement. When any principal building is enlarged, increased in capacity, or when a change in use creates an increase in the amount of off-street parking space required, additional off street parking spaces shall be required, in conformity with this chapter.

   6.   Mixed Use Building. For a building where a single tenant has multiple uses, parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the parking requirements of each use. An example of a mixed use building is one containing a combination of both office and manufacturing uses. The area dedicated to each use can be calculated at its individual requirement, at the discretion of the Community Development Director. The tenant may need to demonstrate that the parking can meet the more restrictive standard if the uses are changed. Special regulations for Town Center (TC) District: All Town Center district parking requirements are subject to Section 11-8-5.

   7.   Flexible Space Buildings. Buildings developed as “flexible space” shall be designed to accommodate six spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross building area. In the case that a big box retailer is a tenant within a “flexible space” building, the minimum parking requirements shall be provided in accordance with the parking requirements of each use. “Big box retailers” shall be defined as a single tenant user with a minimum square footage of 25,000 square feet in gross floor area.

   8.   Outdoor Patron Use or Assembly Areas. Outdoor patron use areas or areas used for assembly shall be included in the gross floor area (GFA) for calculating parking requirements. Outdoor dining or drinking areas shall be included in the GFA for bars, restaurants, and taverns when calculating parking requirements.

   9.   Parking Spaces Displaced by Building Expansion. Any required parking spaces displaced by building expansion shall be provided elsewhere on the site. No required off-street parking facility shall be reduced in capacity below the minimum requirements of this chapter.

   10.   Use of Parking Spaces Restricted. Required parking spaces shall be used only for parking of vehicles for property owners, guests, renters, patrons, or employees of the site. Parking spaces shall not be used for the commercial sale, display, rental, or repair of other motor vehicles, unless that is the principal use of the site.

   11.   Long Term Storage Prohibited. No outdoor parking spaces or drives shall be used as long term storage for the following, including, but not limited to, vehicles, supplies, construction materials, portable sheds. “Long term,” in this case, shall be defined as a period of time greater than 10 days.

   12.   Parking Areas for Storage or Display of Vehicles.

      A.   All parking of vehicles, including automobiles, vans, campers, trucks, trailers, tractors, recreational vehicles, boats, construction equipment, and any other mobile vehicle equipped for street and highway travel shall occur on permanent impervious surface (concrete or asphalt) areas and on private property only, except for the special limited uses in this subsection. Those commercial uses associated with the leasing or selling of vehicles shall be permitted to temporarily display vehicles on nonpaved surfaces at a rate of one vehicle per 100 linear feet of street frontage to a maximum of seven vehicles per street frontage.

      B.   A minimum setback of 10 feet from the property line shall be required. No vehicle shall be located within a 100-foot vision clearance triangle at any public street intersection (or private street/driveway with any public street intersection). At no time shall City ROW between the property line and the street be used for the parking or display of vehicles.

   13.   Maneuvering and Circulation. Off-street parking facilities shall accommodate the maneuvering and circulation of all vehicles on-site, so as not to impair the movement of vehicles on public streets. Except for single-family and attached dwellings, there shall be no backing of vehicles from an off-street parking facility into the public street.

   14.   Striping. All parking spaces, except parking spaces for single-family and attached dwellings, shall be striped in accordance with approved site plan. The striping shall be maintained in a clear and visible manner.

   15.   Curbs and Gutters. All off-street parking areas and associated driveways, access roadways, and frontage roads, except driveways for single-family attached and detached residences, shall be constructed with permanent, PCC curb and gutter of at least six inches high and 24 inches wide or of alternate height and width approved by the City. Prefabricated portable curb or wheel stops shall not be considered an acceptable alternative, unless otherwise approved by the Council during review of a development request.

   16.   Construction and Maintenance. All parking facilities shall be designed, constructed, and maintained with security as a priority to protect the safety of the users. All required parking facilities shall be permanently maintained, free of litter and debris, potholes, broken curb, etc.

   17.   Auto Repair Shops. For auto repair, car wash, oil change shops, or other similar uses, lift racks shall not be considered as a required parking space.

   18.   Exceptions. Notwithstanding anything else contained herein, the provisions of this chapter shall not apply to the following uses:

      A.   Temporary parking areas that have been approved by the City.

      B.   Parking areas and access roadways located within a public park or recreational area.

   With respect to handicapped parking, all of the following shall apply:

   1.   The owner, contractor, and developer shall comply with all federal, State, and local laws regarding handicapped parking including, but not limited to, Chapter 321L of the Code of Iowa and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

   2.   Handicapped parking spaces required by federal, State, and local laws shall count toward meeting the requirements of this chapter.

   1.   Driveways. With respect to driveways, all of the following shall apply:

      A.   There shall be provided an access drive not less than 10 feet in width in the case of a single-family and attached dwelling.

      B.   Except for single-family or attached dwellings, the minimum width of a one-way driveway shall be 16 feet. The minimum width of a two-way driveway shall be 24 feet.

      C.   For those commercial uses that require the need for a drive-through lane, commonly associated with banks, fast food restaurants, and dry cleaners, the minimum drive-through lane width shall be 12 feet. In the case that a drive-through lane is in combination with a drive-by lane, the minimum lane width shall be 24 feet.

   2.   Parking Spaces. With respect to parking spaces, all of the following shall apply:

      A.   A parking space reserved for the parking of vehicles shall have a dimension of not less than 10 feet in stall width and 19 feet in length for 90 degree parking without front end overhang.

      B.   Any parking space proposed at any angle other than specified above shall have a length and depth sufficient to allow a 10-foot by 19-foot rectangle parking area.

      C.   Any parking space located parallel to a wall or other solid barrier shall be widened by an additional two feet.

      D.   When the front of a parking space abuts a sidewalk, the minimum width of the sidewalk shall be six feet. When the front of a parking space abuts open space within the perimeter of the parking lot, the minimum width of the open space shall be three feet.

      E.   When the front of a parking space provides space as defined in Subsection 2(D) of this section, the stall length may be decreased two feet.

      F.   The dimensions of an automobile parking space may be reduced to not less than nine feet x 19 feet, provided all of the following conditions are satisfied:

         (1)   The parking spaces are intended for the use of employees working in, or visitors to, an office building. An “office building” means a building containing business and professional offices which do not provide more than limited direct retail sales or services to the visiting public, such as the following: law, engineering, architecture, real estate, insurance, accounting, bookkeeping, finance, stock brokerage, management, research, design, development, marketing, consulting, and uses of a like or similar nature.

         (2)   The “office building” at which the parking spaces are located shall have at least 10 full-time employees who work at said building.

         (3)   The total land area devoted to open space and landscaping shall be not less than the sum of: 1) any minimum requirement under the applicable zoning regulation or 25 percent of the gross land area included in the site, whichever is greater; plus 2) 29 additional square feet per each nine feet x 19 feet car space.

   3.   Parking Lot Setbacks. With respect to parking lot setbacks, all of the following shall apply:

      A.   No part of any parking space in a C-1, C-2, M-1, or M-2 District shall be closer than 10 feet to any established public street right-of-way or public street easement. The minimum side and rear yard setback of parking facilities in a C-1, C-2, M-1, or M-2 District shall be five feet.

      B.   No part of any parking space in a C-3, C-4, or C-5 District shall be closer than 15 feet to any established public street right-of-way or public street easement. The minimum side and rear yard setback of parking facilities in a C-3, C-4, or C-5 District shall be five feet. In the case that the parking facility is a part of a planned office development or planned shopping center, located within a C-3 or C-4 District, no parking lot setbacks shall be required internal to the development.

      C.   In case the parking lot is adjacent to an R District, it shall be setback at least 15 feet from the R District boundary and shall be effectively screened with plantings.

      D.   Driveways for individual single-family residences shall not be located closer than two feet from an adjoining residential lot line, unless such driveway is jointly used by adjoining property owners and a joint easement has been recorded with the County Recorder.

      E.   Off street parking areas may be established in any R District that immediately adjoins a C or M District, or is directly across an alley from a C or M District provided that:

         (1)   Such parking shall be accessory to, and for use of, one or more permitted uses in the adjoining C or M District and shall not include trucks.

         (2)   Such parking areas shall not extend more than 100 feet from the boundary of the less restricted district. In no case shall said areas extend closer than 30 feet to the street right-of-way line. The yard between said parking areas and the adjoining streets shall be screen-planted and landscaped as provided in Subsection 3(E)(3) of this section.

         (3)   A 30 foot buffer shall be maintained between said parking areas and adjoining lots in Residential Districts. Said buffer shall be consistent with the requirements set forth in this chapter. A masonry wall or other suitable fence may be substituted for the wood fence.

         (4)   All entrances and exits for said parking areas shall be from said adjoining alley or C or M District.

         (5)   No such parking area shall be located in any required front yard in an R District or in front of the immediately adjoining permitted principal structures.

   In case of any building, structure, or premises, the use of which is not specifically mentioned herein, the provisions for a use that is mentioned and to which said use is similar shall apply, as determined by the Community Development Director. All following requirements listed are the minimum that must be met:

   1.   Development Applications. Development applications, which exceed the minimum requirements up to 25 percent, shall be required to provide additional open space and landscaping within the site, equal to or greater than the area of parking in excess of the minimum required. For purposes of this chapter, a parking stall shall be calculated as 290 square feet. This additional open space shall be in addition to the minimum open space required for the site.

   2.   Request for Additional Parking. In the case of a request to exceed the minimum parking requirements by more than 25 percent, the Council may approve, or conditionally approve, the additional parking subject to demonstration of need. In determining if the proposed parking is needed, the Council may request a market analysis, estimated employee count, floor plans, or other similar materials justifying the need. In no case shall the additional parking be approved without providing additional open space within the site, equal to or greater than the area of parking in excess of the minimum required. This additional open space shall be in addition to the minimum open space required for the site. Additionally, the Council may conditionally approve the additional parking subject to a phased construction schedule, creative surfacing for overflow parking areas or additional open space or landscaping.