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Florence City Zoning Code

Appendix B

Plant Lists

DIVISION B-1.1

Recommended Plant List for Development Landscaping and Bufferyard Landscaping, which suggests trees and shrubs suitable for use in the City. Individual plant characteristics should be taken into consideration when selecting species for particular locations (right plant, right place). Characteristics to take into consideration should include, but not limited to, growth habits, cultural requirements, fruiting habits, presence of thorns, pest resistance, odor, etc.

Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Development and Bufferyard Landscaping
Common NameBotanical NameRecommended Varieties
Large Trees (Deciduous) (30 feet and up)
Red MapleAcer rubrum ‘October Glory’, ‘Red Sunset’
River BirchBetula nigra ‘Heritage’, ‘Dura-Heat’
HackberryCeltis laevigata
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica
Japanese GingkoGingko biloba ‘Autumn Gold’
Japanese Crape MyrtleLagertreomia fauriei ‘Fantasy’, ‘Townhouse’
Dawn RedwoodMetasequoia glyptostroboides
Black GumNyssa sylvatica
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera
SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
Water OakQuercus nigra
Nutall OakQuercus nutallii
Willow OakQuercus phellos ‘Hightower’
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum
Lacebark ElmUlmum parvifolia ‘Bosque’, ‘Allee’, ‘Athena’
ZelcovaZelcova serrata ‘Green Vase’
Large Trees (Evergreen) (30 feet and up)
Deodar CedarCedrus deodara
Atlantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides
Japanese Cedar, CryptomeriaCryptomeria japonica ‘Radicans’, ‘Yoshino’
Eastern Red CedarJuniperus viriniana
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora ‘Alta’, ‘Brackens Brown’, ‘Hasse’, ‘DD Blanchard’, ‘Claudia Wannamaker’
Longleaf PinePinus palustrus
Loblolly PinePinus taeda
Darlington Oak (semi-evergreen)Quercus hemisphaerica
Live OakQuercus virginiana
Small Trees (Deciduous) (10 to 30 feet)
Southern Sugar MapleAcer floridanum
Trident MapleAcer buergerianum
Japanese MapleAcer palmatum Many available
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia
ServiceberryAmelanchiar arborea ‘Autumn Brilliance’
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana
RedbudCercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’, ‘Ruby Falls’
Oklahoma RedbudCercis reniformis ‘Oklahoma’
Chinese FringetreeChionanthus retusis
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus
Flowering DogwoodCornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’, ‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cloud 9’, others
Kousa DogwoodCornus kousa
Carolina SilverbellHalesia tetraptera
Crape MyrtleLagersroemia hybrids Many available – Hybrid varieties are preferred
Star MagnoliaMagnolia stellata
Saucer MagnoliaMagnolia soulangiana
Japanese SnowbellStyrax japonicas ‘Emerald Pagoda’ (heat tolerant), ‘Pink Chimes’, others
ChastetreeVitex agnus-castus
Small Trees (Evergreen) (10 to 30 feet)
Pindo Palm, Jelly PalmButia capitata
LoquatEriobotrya japonica
American HollyIlex opaca
YauponIlex vomitoria ‘Shadow’, ‘Pendula’, others
Topal HollyIlex x attenuate ‘Savannah’, ‘Fosters’, ‘Greenleaf’
‘Nellie Stevens’ HollyIlex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’
Southern Magnolia (select varieties)Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’, ‘Teddy Bear’
Sweet BayMagnolia virginiana
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Palmetto PalmSabal palmetto
Large Shrubs (Deciduous) (Over 8 feet)
Flowering QuinceChaenomeles speciosa
ForsythiaForsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’
Rose of SharonHibiscus syriacus Many available
WinterberryIlex deciduas ‘Winter Red’
Chinese Snowball BushViburnum macrocephalum
Doublefile ViburnumViburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Many available
Large Shrubs (Evergreen) (Over 8 feet)
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Burford’, ‘Fineline’, ‘Needlepoint’, others available
Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria
Anise TreeIllicium parviflorum
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Spartan’, ‘Hetzii’, ‘Hetzii Columnaris’
Hollywood JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ ‘Torulosa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Zhuzhou Fuchsia’, others available
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Fortune Tea OliveOsmanthus x fortune
Fragrant Tea OliveOsmanthus fragrans
Chinese PodocarpusPodocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
CleyaraTerstroemia gymnanthera
‘Emerald’ ArborvitaeThuja occidentalis ‘Emerald
‘Chindo’ ViburnumViburnum awabuki Chindo’
Medium Shrubs (Deciduous) (4 to 8 feet)
Butterfly BushBuddleia davidii Many available
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana
Sweetshrub, Carolina AllspiceCalycanthus floridus ‘Michael Lindsey’, ‘Hartlage Wine’, ‘Athens’, others available
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’, ‘Chattanooga’
Bigleaf HydrangeaHydrangea macrophylla Many available
Oakleaf HydrangeaHydrangea quercifolia ‘Alice’, ‘Snowflake’, dwarf varieties available (‘Sikes Dwarf’, Pee Wee’)
Virginia Sweetspire, IteaItea virginiana ‘Henry’s Garnet’
Double Reeves SpireaSpirea canoniensis Lanceata’
Vanhoutte SpireaSpirea x vanhouttei
WeigelaWeigela florida ‘Wine and Roses’
Medium Shrubs (Evergreen) (4 to 8 feet)
AbeliaAbelia grandiflora Many available
Japanese AucubaAucuba japonica
Wintergreen BarberryBerberis julianae
Japanese CamelliaCamellia japonica Many available
Sasanqua CamelliaCamellia sasanqua Many available
FatsiaFatsia japonica
GardeniaGardenia jasminoides ‘Kleims Hardy’, ‘Mystery’, ‘August Beauty’, others available
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’
Japanese PrivetLigustrum japonicum ‘Recurvifolium’, ‘East Bay’, ‘Lake Tresa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Ruby’, ‘Burgundy’
Leatherleaf MahoniaMahonia bealei
Banana ShrubMichelia figo
PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Louisiana Compact’, ‘Variegata’
Azaleas – Southern Indica VarietiesRhododendron spp. ‘Formosa’, ‘G.G. Gerbing’, ‘George Tabor’
RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis
Dwarf palmettoSabel minor
Sandwanka ViburnumViburnum suspensum
Tinus viburnum, LaurustinusViburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’, ‘Compactum’
Small Shrubs (Deciduous) (2 to 4 feet)
Japanese BarberryBerberis thunbergii “Crimson Pygmy’
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Hummingbird’, ‘Sixteen Candles’
Dwarf FothergillaFothergilla gardenia
Dwarf HydrangeasHydrangea macrophylla ‘Pia’, ‘Penny Mac’, others available
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica ‘Little Henry’
Japanese SpireaSpirea japonica, Spirea x bumalda ‘Goldflame’, ‘Gold Mound’, ‘Shirobana’, ‘Little Princess’, ‘Magic Carpet’
‘Snowmound’ SpireaSpirea nipponica ‘Snowmound’
Small Shrubs (Evergreen) (2 to 4 feet)
AbeliaAbelia sp. ‘Rose Creek’, ‘Little Richard’
Dwarf AucubaAucuba japonica ‘Nana’
Creeping GardeniaGardenia radicans
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Carissa’, ‘Rotunda’
Dwarf Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria ‘Schillings’, ‘Nana’, ‘Bordeaux’
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Old Gold’, ‘Gold Lace’ ‘Nick’s Compact’, ‘Sargentii’
Dwarf NandinaNandina domestica ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Harbor Dwarf’, ‘Moon Bay’
Dwarf PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’, ‘Cream de Mint’
AzaleasRhododendron hybrids Satsuki, Gumpo, and Encore varieties
Groundcovers (for sun)
Dianthus, Cheddar PinksDianthus gratianopolitanus & hybrids ‘Bath’s Pink’, ‘Firewitch’, ‘Fire Star’
DaylilyHemerocallis hybrids Many available
Shore JuniperJuniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’
Creeping JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Blue Harbor’, ‘Blue Chip’
Andorra JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Plumosa’
Blue Rug JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’
Moss Phlox, ThriftPhlox subulata Many available
StonecropsSedum spp. Many available
Groundcovers (for shade)
Holly FernCyrtomium falcatum
Autum FernDryopteris erythrosa
Dwarf GardeniaGardenia radicans
LiriopeLiriope muscari Many available
Spreading LiriopeLiriope spicata Many available
MondograssOphiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, ‘Arabicus’
Asiatic or Star JasmineTrachelospermum asiaticum
TABLE NOTES: 
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Development and Bufferyard Landscaping
Common NameBotanical NameRecommended Varieties
Large Trees (Deciduous) (30 feet and up)
Red MapleAcer rubrum ‘October Glory’, ‘Red Sunset’
River BirchBetula nigra ‘Heritage’, ‘Dura-Heat’
HackberryCeltis laevigata
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica
Japanese GingkoGingko biloba ‘Autumn Gold’
Japanese Crape MyrtleLagertreomia fauriei ‘Fantasy’, ‘Townhouse’
Dawn RedwoodMetasequoia glyptostroboides
Black GumNyssa sylvatica
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera
SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
Water OakQuercus nigra
Nutall OakQuercus nutallii
Willow OakQuercus phellos ‘Hightower’
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum
Lacebark ElmUlmum parvifolia ‘Bosque’, ‘Allee’, ‘Athena’
ZelcovaZelcova serrata ‘Green Vase’
Large Trees (Evergreen) (30 feet and up)
Deodar CedarCedrus deodara
Atlantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides
Japanese Cedar, CryptomeriaCryptomeria japonica ‘Radicans’, ‘Yoshino’
Eastern Red CedarJuniperus viriniana
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora ‘Alta’, ‘Brackens Brown’, ‘Hasse’, ‘DD Blanchard’, ‘Claudia Wannamaker’
Longleaf PinePinus palustrus
Loblolly PinePinus taeda
Darlington Oak (semi-evergreen)Quercus hemisphaerica
Live OakQuercus virginiana
Small Trees (Deciduous) (10 to 30 feet)
Southern Sugar MapleAcer floridanum
Trident MapleAcer buergerianum
Japanese MapleAcer palmatum Many available
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia
ServiceberryAmelanchiar arborea ‘Autumn Brilliance’
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana
RedbudCercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’, ‘Ruby Falls’
Oklahoma RedbudCercis reniformis ‘Oklahoma’
Chinese FringetreeChionanthus retusis
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus
Flowering DogwoodCornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’, ‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cloud 9’, others
Kousa DogwoodCornus kousa
Carolina SilverbellHalesia tetraptera
Crape MyrtleLagersroemia hybrids Many available – Hybrid varieties are preferred
Star MagnoliaMagnolia stellata
Saucer MagnoliaMagnolia soulangiana
Japanese SnowbellStyrax japonicas ‘Emerald Pagoda’ (heat tolerant), ‘Pink Chimes’, others
ChastetreeVitex agnus-castus
Small Trees (Evergreen) (10 to 30 feet)
Pindo Palm, Jelly PalmButia capitata
LoquatEriobotrya japonica
American HollyIlex opaca
YauponIlex vomitoria ‘Shadow’, ‘Pendula’, others
Topal HollyIlex x attenuate ‘Savannah’, ‘Fosters’, ‘Greenleaf’
‘Nellie Stevens’ HollyIlex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’
Southern Magnolia (select varieties)Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’, ‘Teddy Bear’
Sweet BayMagnolia virginiana
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Palmetto PalmSabal palmetto
Large Shrubs (Deciduous) (Over 8 feet)
Flowering QuinceChaenomeles speciosa
ForsythiaForsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’
Rose of SharonHibiscus syriacus Many available
WinterberryIlex deciduas ‘Winter Red’
Chinese Snowball BushViburnum macrocephalum
Doublefile ViburnumViburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Many available
Large Shrubs (Evergreen) (Over 8 feet)
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Burford’, ‘Fineline’, ‘Needlepoint’, others available
Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria
Anise TreeIllicium parviflorum
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Spartan’, ‘Hetzii’, ‘Hetzii Columnaris’
Hollywood JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ ‘Torulosa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Zhuzhou Fuchsia’, others available
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Fortune Tea OliveOsmanthus x fortune
Fragrant Tea OliveOsmanthus fragrans
Chinese PodocarpusPodocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
CleyaraTerstroemia gymnanthera
‘Emerald’ ArborvitaeThuja occidentalis ‘Emerald
‘Chindo’ ViburnumViburnum awabuki Chindo’
Medium Shrubs (Deciduous) (4 to 8 feet)
Butterfly BushBuddleia davidii Many available
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana
Sweetshrub, Carolina AllspiceCalycanthus floridus ‘Michael Lindsey’, ‘Hartlage Wine’, ‘Athens’, others available
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’, ‘Chattanooga’
Bigleaf HydrangeaHydrangea macrophylla Many available
Oakleaf HydrangeaHydrangea quercifolia ‘Alice’, ‘Snowflake’, dwarf varieties available (‘Sikes Dwarf’, Pee Wee’)
Virginia Sweetspire, IteaItea virginiana ‘Henry’s Garnet’
Double Reeves SpireaSpirea canoniensis Lanceata’
Vanhoutte SpireaSpirea x vanhouttei
WeigelaWeigela florida ‘Wine and Roses’
Medium Shrubs (Evergreen) (4 to 8 feet)
AbeliaAbelia grandiflora Many available
Japanese AucubaAucuba japonica
Wintergreen BarberryBerberis julianae
Japanese CamelliaCamellia japonica Many available
Sasanqua CamelliaCamellia sasanqua Many available
FatsiaFatsia japonica
GardeniaGardenia jasminoides ‘Kleims Hardy’, ‘Mystery’, ‘August Beauty’, others available
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’
Japanese PrivetLigustrum japonicum ‘Recurvifolium’, ‘East Bay’, ‘Lake Tresa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Ruby’, ‘Burgundy’
Leatherleaf MahoniaMahonia bealei
Banana ShrubMichelia figo
PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Louisiana Compact’, ‘Variegata’
Azaleas – Southern Indica VarietiesRhododendron spp. ‘Formosa’, ‘G.G. Gerbing’, ‘George Tabor’
RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis
Dwarf palmettoSabel minor
Sandwanka ViburnumViburnum suspensum
Tinus viburnum, LaurustinusViburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’, ‘Compactum’
Small Shrubs (Deciduous) (2 to 4 feet)
Japanese BarberryBerberis thunbergii “Crimson Pygmy’
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Hummingbird’, ‘Sixteen Candles’
Dwarf FothergillaFothergilla gardenia
Dwarf HydrangeasHydrangea macrophylla ‘Pia’, ‘Penny Mac’, others available
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica ‘Little Henry’
Japanese SpireaSpirea japonica, Spirea x bumalda ‘Goldflame’, ‘Gold Mound’, ‘Shirobana’, ‘Little Princess’, ‘Magic Carpet’
‘Snowmound’ SpireaSpirea nipponica ‘Snowmound’
Small Shrubs (Evergreen) (2 to 4 feet)
AbeliaAbelia sp. ‘Rose Creek’, ‘Little Richard’
Dwarf AucubaAucuba japonica ‘Nana’
Creeping GardeniaGardenia radicans
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Carissa’, ‘Rotunda’
Dwarf Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria ‘Schillings’, ‘Nana’, ‘Bordeaux’
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Old Gold’, ‘Gold Lace’ ‘Nick’s Compact’, ‘Sargentii’
Dwarf NandinaNandina domestica ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Harbor Dwarf’, ‘Moon Bay’
Dwarf PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’, ‘Cream de Mint’
AzaleasRhododendron hybrids Satsuki, Gumpo, and Encore varieties
Groundcovers (for sun)
Dianthus, Cheddar PinksDianthus gratianopolitanus & hybrids ‘Bath’s Pink’, ‘Firewitch’, ‘Fire Star’
DaylilyHemerocallis hybrids Many available
Shore JuniperJuniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’
Creeping JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Blue Harbor’, ‘Blue Chip’
Andorra JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Plumosa’
Blue Rug JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’
Moss Phlox, ThriftPhlox subulata Many available
StonecropsSedum spp. Many available
Groundcovers (for shade)
Holly FernCyrtomium falcatum
Autum FernDryopteris erythrosa
Dwarf GardeniaGardenia radicans
LiriopeLiriope muscari Many available
Spreading LiriopeLiriope spicata Many available
MondograssOphiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, ‘Arabicus’
Asiatic or Star JasmineTrachelospermum asiaticum
TABLE NOTES: 
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Development and Bufferyard Landscaping
Common NameBotanical NameRecommended Varieties
Large Trees (Deciduous) (30 feet and up)
Red MapleAcer rubrum ‘October Glory’, ‘Red Sunset’
River BirchBetula nigra ‘Heritage’, ‘Dura-Heat’
HackberryCeltis laevigata
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica
Japanese GingkoGingko biloba ‘Autumn Gold’
Japanese Crape MyrtleLagertreomia fauriei ‘Fantasy’, ‘Townhouse’
Dawn RedwoodMetasequoia glyptostroboides
Black GumNyssa sylvatica
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera
SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
Water OakQuercus nigra
Nutall OakQuercus nutallii
Willow OakQuercus phellos ‘Hightower’
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum
Lacebark ElmUlmum parvifolia ‘Bosque’, ‘Allee’, ‘Athena’
ZelcovaZelcova serrata ‘Green Vase’
Large Trees (Evergreen) (30 feet and up)
Deodar CedarCedrus deodara
Atlantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides
Japanese Cedar, CryptomeriaCryptomeria japonica ‘Radicans’, ‘Yoshino’
Eastern Red CedarJuniperus viriniana
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora ‘Alta’, ‘Brackens Brown’, ‘Hasse’, ‘DD Blanchard’, ‘Claudia Wannamaker’
Longleaf PinePinus palustrus
Loblolly PinePinus taeda
Darlington Oak (semi-evergreen)Quercus hemisphaerica
Live OakQuercus virginiana
Small Trees (Deciduous) (10 to 30 feet)
Southern Sugar MapleAcer floridanum
Trident MapleAcer buergerianum
Japanese MapleAcer palmatum Many available
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia
ServiceberryAmelanchiar arborea ‘Autumn Brilliance’
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana
RedbudCercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’, ‘Ruby Falls’
Oklahoma RedbudCercis reniformis ‘Oklahoma’
Chinese FringetreeChionanthus retusis
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus
Flowering DogwoodCornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’, ‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cloud 9’, others
Kousa DogwoodCornus kousa
Carolina SilverbellHalesia tetraptera
Crape MyrtleLagersroemia hybrids Many available – Hybrid varieties are preferred
Star MagnoliaMagnolia stellata
Saucer MagnoliaMagnolia soulangiana
Japanese SnowbellStyrax japonicas ‘Emerald Pagoda’ (heat tolerant), ‘Pink Chimes’, others
ChastetreeVitex agnus-castus
Small Trees (Evergreen) (10 to 30 feet)
Pindo Palm, Jelly PalmButia capitata
LoquatEriobotrya japonica
American HollyIlex opaca
YauponIlex vomitoria ‘Shadow’, ‘Pendula’, others
Topal HollyIlex x attenuate ‘Savannah’, ‘Fosters’, ‘Greenleaf’
‘Nellie Stevens’ HollyIlex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’
Southern Magnolia (select varieties)Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’, ‘Teddy Bear’
Sweet BayMagnolia virginiana
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Palmetto PalmSabal palmetto
Large Shrubs (Deciduous) (Over 8 feet)
Flowering QuinceChaenomeles speciosa
ForsythiaForsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’
Rose of SharonHibiscus syriacus Many available
WinterberryIlex deciduas ‘Winter Red’
Chinese Snowball BushViburnum macrocephalum
Doublefile ViburnumViburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Many available
Large Shrubs (Evergreen) (Over 8 feet)
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Burford’, ‘Fineline’, ‘Needlepoint’, others available
Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria
Anise TreeIllicium parviflorum
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Spartan’, ‘Hetzii’, ‘Hetzii Columnaris’
Hollywood JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ ‘Torulosa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Zhuzhou Fuchsia’, others available
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Fortune Tea OliveOsmanthus x fortune
Fragrant Tea OliveOsmanthus fragrans
Chinese PodocarpusPodocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
CleyaraTerstroemia gymnanthera
‘Emerald’ ArborvitaeThuja occidentalis ‘Emerald
‘Chindo’ ViburnumViburnum awabuki Chindo’
Medium Shrubs (Deciduous) (4 to 8 feet)
Butterfly BushBuddleia davidii Many available
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana
Sweetshrub, Carolina AllspiceCalycanthus floridus ‘Michael Lindsey’, ‘Hartlage Wine’, ‘Athens’, others available
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’, ‘Chattanooga’
Bigleaf HydrangeaHydrangea macrophylla Many available
Oakleaf HydrangeaHydrangea quercifolia ‘Alice’, ‘Snowflake’, dwarf varieties available (‘Sikes Dwarf’, Pee Wee’)
Virginia Sweetspire, IteaItea virginiana ‘Henry’s Garnet’
Double Reeves SpireaSpirea canoniensis Lanceata’
Vanhoutte SpireaSpirea x vanhouttei
WeigelaWeigela florida ‘Wine and Roses’
Medium Shrubs (Evergreen) (4 to 8 feet)
AbeliaAbelia grandiflora Many available
Japanese AucubaAucuba japonica
Wintergreen BarberryBerberis julianae
Japanese CamelliaCamellia japonica Many available
Sasanqua CamelliaCamellia sasanqua Many available
FatsiaFatsia japonica
GardeniaGardenia jasminoides ‘Kleims Hardy’, ‘Mystery’, ‘August Beauty’, others available
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’
Japanese PrivetLigustrum japonicum ‘Recurvifolium’, ‘East Bay’, ‘Lake Tresa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Ruby’, ‘Burgundy’
Leatherleaf MahoniaMahonia bealei
Banana ShrubMichelia figo
PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Louisiana Compact’, ‘Variegata’
Azaleas – Southern Indica VarietiesRhododendron spp. ‘Formosa’, ‘G.G. Gerbing’, ‘George Tabor’
RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis
Dwarf palmettoSabel minor
Sandwanka ViburnumViburnum suspensum
Tinus viburnum, LaurustinusViburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’, ‘Compactum’
Small Shrubs (Deciduous) (2 to 4 feet)
Japanese BarberryBerberis thunbergii “Crimson Pygmy’
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Hummingbird’, ‘Sixteen Candles’
Dwarf FothergillaFothergilla gardenia
Dwarf HydrangeasHydrangea macrophylla ‘Pia’, ‘Penny Mac’, others available
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica ‘Little Henry’
Japanese SpireaSpirea japonica, Spirea x bumalda ‘Goldflame’, ‘Gold Mound’, ‘Shirobana’, ‘Little Princess’, ‘Magic Carpet’
‘Snowmound’ SpireaSpirea nipponica ‘Snowmound’
Small Shrubs (Evergreen) (2 to 4 feet)
AbeliaAbelia sp. ‘Rose Creek’, ‘Little Richard’
Dwarf AucubaAucuba japonica ‘Nana’
Creeping GardeniaGardenia radicans
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Carissa’, ‘Rotunda’
Dwarf Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria ‘Schillings’, ‘Nana’, ‘Bordeaux’
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Old Gold’, ‘Gold Lace’ ‘Nick’s Compact’, ‘Sargentii’
Dwarf NandinaNandina domestica ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Harbor Dwarf’, ‘Moon Bay’
Dwarf PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’, ‘Cream de Mint’
AzaleasRhododendron hybrids Satsuki, Gumpo, and Encore varieties
Groundcovers (for sun)
Dianthus, Cheddar PinksDianthus gratianopolitanus & hybrids ‘Bath’s Pink’, ‘Firewitch’, ‘Fire Star’
DaylilyHemerocallis hybrids Many available
Shore JuniperJuniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’
Creeping JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Blue Harbor’, ‘Blue Chip’
Andorra JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Plumosa’
Blue Rug JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’
Moss Phlox, ThriftPhlox subulata Many available
StonecropsSedum spp. Many available
Groundcovers (for shade)
Holly FernCyrtomium falcatum
Autum FernDryopteris erythrosa
Dwarf GardeniaGardenia radicans
LiriopeLiriope muscari Many available
Spreading LiriopeLiriope spicata Many available
MondograssOphiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, ‘Arabicus’
Asiatic or Star JasmineTrachelospermum asiaticum
TABLE NOTES: 
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Development and Bufferyard Landscaping
Common NameBotanical NameRecommended Varieties
Large Trees (Deciduous) (30 feet and up)
Red MapleAcer rubrum ‘October Glory’, ‘Red Sunset’
River BirchBetula nigra ‘Heritage’, ‘Dura-Heat’
HackberryCeltis laevigata
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica
Japanese GingkoGingko biloba ‘Autumn Gold’
Japanese Crape MyrtleLagertreomia fauriei ‘Fantasy’, ‘Townhouse’
Dawn RedwoodMetasequoia glyptostroboides
Black GumNyssa sylvatica
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera
SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
Water OakQuercus nigra
Nutall OakQuercus nutallii
Willow OakQuercus phellos ‘Hightower’
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum
Lacebark ElmUlmum parvifolia ‘Bosque’, ‘Allee’, ‘Athena’
ZelcovaZelcova serrata ‘Green Vase’
Large Trees (Evergreen) (30 feet and up)
Deodar CedarCedrus deodara
Atlantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides
Japanese Cedar, CryptomeriaCryptomeria japonica ‘Radicans’, ‘Yoshino’
Eastern Red CedarJuniperus viriniana
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora ‘Alta’, ‘Brackens Brown’, ‘Hasse’, ‘DD Blanchard’, ‘Claudia Wannamaker’
Longleaf PinePinus palustrus
Loblolly PinePinus taeda
Darlington Oak (semi-evergreen)Quercus hemisphaerica
Live OakQuercus virginiana
Small Trees (Deciduous) (10 to 30 feet)
Southern Sugar MapleAcer floridanum
Trident MapleAcer buergerianum
Japanese MapleAcer palmatum Many available
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia
ServiceberryAmelanchiar arborea ‘Autumn Brilliance’
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana
RedbudCercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’, ‘Ruby Falls’
Oklahoma RedbudCercis reniformis ‘Oklahoma’
Chinese FringetreeChionanthus retusis
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus
Flowering DogwoodCornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’, ‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cloud 9’, others
Kousa DogwoodCornus kousa
Carolina SilverbellHalesia tetraptera
Crape MyrtleLagersroemia hybrids Many available – Hybrid varieties are preferred
Star MagnoliaMagnolia stellata
Saucer MagnoliaMagnolia soulangiana
Japanese SnowbellStyrax japonicas ‘Emerald Pagoda’ (heat tolerant), ‘Pink Chimes’, others
ChastetreeVitex agnus-castus
Small Trees (Evergreen) (10 to 30 feet)
Pindo Palm, Jelly PalmButia capitata
LoquatEriobotrya japonica
American HollyIlex opaca
YauponIlex vomitoria ‘Shadow’, ‘Pendula’, others
Topal HollyIlex x attenuate ‘Savannah’, ‘Fosters’, ‘Greenleaf’
‘Nellie Stevens’ HollyIlex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’
Southern Magnolia (select varieties)Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’, ‘Teddy Bear’
Sweet BayMagnolia virginiana
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Palmetto PalmSabal palmetto
Large Shrubs (Deciduous) (Over 8 feet)
Flowering QuinceChaenomeles speciosa
ForsythiaForsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’
Rose of SharonHibiscus syriacus Many available
WinterberryIlex deciduas ‘Winter Red’
Chinese Snowball BushViburnum macrocephalum
Doublefile ViburnumViburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Many available
Large Shrubs (Evergreen) (Over 8 feet)
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Burford’, ‘Fineline’, ‘Needlepoint’, others available
Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria
Anise TreeIllicium parviflorum
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Spartan’, ‘Hetzii’, ‘Hetzii Columnaris’
Hollywood JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ ‘Torulosa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Zhuzhou Fuchsia’, others available
WaxmyrtleMyrica cerifera
Fortune Tea OliveOsmanthus x fortune
Fragrant Tea OliveOsmanthus fragrans
Chinese PodocarpusPodocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
CleyaraTerstroemia gymnanthera
‘Emerald’ ArborvitaeThuja occidentalis ‘Emerald
‘Chindo’ ViburnumViburnum awabuki Chindo’
Medium Shrubs (Deciduous) (4 to 8 feet)
Butterfly BushBuddleia davidii Many available
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana
Sweetshrub, Carolina AllspiceCalycanthus floridus ‘Michael Lindsey’, ‘Hartlage Wine’, ‘Athens’, others available
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’, ‘Chattanooga’
Bigleaf HydrangeaHydrangea macrophylla Many available
Oakleaf HydrangeaHydrangea quercifolia ‘Alice’, ‘Snowflake’, dwarf varieties available (‘Sikes Dwarf’, Pee Wee’)
Virginia Sweetspire, IteaItea virginiana ‘Henry’s Garnet’
Double Reeves SpireaSpirea canoniensis Lanceata’
Vanhoutte SpireaSpirea x vanhouttei
WeigelaWeigela florida ‘Wine and Roses’
Medium Shrubs (Evergreen) (4 to 8 feet)
AbeliaAbelia grandiflora Many available
Japanese AucubaAucuba japonica
Wintergreen BarberryBerberis julianae
Japanese CamelliaCamellia japonica Many available
Sasanqua CamelliaCamellia sasanqua Many available
FatsiaFatsia japonica
GardeniaGardenia jasminoides ‘Kleims Hardy’, ‘Mystery’, ‘August Beauty’, others available
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’
Japanese PrivetLigustrum japonicum ‘Recurvifolium’, ‘East Bay’, ‘Lake Tresa’
LoropetalumLoropetalum chinensis ‘Ruby’, ‘Burgundy’
Leatherleaf MahoniaMahonia bealei
Banana ShrubMichelia figo
PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Louisiana Compact’, ‘Variegata’
Azaleas – Southern Indica VarietiesRhododendron spp. ‘Formosa’, ‘G.G. Gerbing’, ‘George Tabor’
RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis
Dwarf palmettoSabel minor
Sandwanka ViburnumViburnum suspensum
Tinus viburnum, LaurustinusViburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’, ‘Compactum’
Small Shrubs (Deciduous) (2 to 4 feet)
Japanese BarberryBerberis thunbergii “Crimson Pygmy’
Sweet Pepperbush, ClethraClethra alnifolia ‘Hummingbird’, ‘Sixteen Candles’
Dwarf FothergillaFothergilla gardenia
Dwarf HydrangeasHydrangea macrophylla ‘Pia’, ‘Penny Mac’, others available
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica ‘Little Henry’
Japanese SpireaSpirea japonica, Spirea x bumalda ‘Goldflame’, ‘Gold Mound’, ‘Shirobana’, ‘Little Princess’, ‘Magic Carpet’
‘Snowmound’ SpireaSpirea nipponica ‘Snowmound’
Small Shrubs (Evergreen) (2 to 4 feet)
AbeliaAbelia sp. ‘Rose Creek’, ‘Little Richard’
Dwarf AucubaAucuba japonica ‘Nana’
Creeping GardeniaGardenia radicans
Chinese HollyIlex cornuta ‘Carissa’, ‘Rotunda’
Dwarf Yaupon HollyIlex vomitoria ‘Schillings’, ‘Nana’, ‘Bordeaux’
Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Old Gold’, ‘Gold Lace’ ‘Nick’s Compact’, ‘Sargentii’
Dwarf NandinaNandina domestica ‘Gulfstream’, ‘Harbor Dwarf’, ‘Moon Bay’
Dwarf PittosporumPittosporum tobira ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’, ‘Cream de Mint’
AzaleasRhododendron hybrids Satsuki, Gumpo, and Encore varieties
Groundcovers (for sun)
Dianthus, Cheddar PinksDianthus gratianopolitanus & hybrids ‘Bath’s Pink’, ‘Firewitch’, ‘Fire Star’
DaylilyHemerocallis hybrids Many available
Shore JuniperJuniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’
Creeping JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Blue Harbor’, ‘Blue Chip’
Andorra JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Plumosa’
Blue Rug JuniperJuniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’
Moss Phlox, ThriftPhlox subulata Many available
StonecropsSedum spp. Many available
Groundcovers (for shade)
Holly FernCyrtomium falcatum
Autum FernDryopteris erythrosa
Dwarf GardeniaGardenia radicans
LiriopeLiriope muscari Many available
Spreading LiriopeLiriope spicata Many available
MondograssOphiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’, ‘Arabicus’
Asiatic or Star JasmineTrachelospermum asiaticum
TABLE NOTES: 

Effective on: 1/1/1901

DIVISION B-1.2

Recommended Plant List for Rain Gardens and Bioretention Areas, which suggests trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation suitable for use in rain gardens and bioretention basins within the City. Soil conditions within these areas can alternate between wet and dry, creating tough growing condition for many plants. The following plants are adapted to such areas; however, some plants will tolerate more moisture than others. Each plant is marked according to its flooding tolerance: 3 is tolerant of extended flooding; 2 is tolerant of brief flooding; and 1 is tolerant of extended drought once established. Additional characteristics to take into consideration should include, but not limited to, growth habits, cultural requirements, fruiting habits, presence of thorns, pest resistance, odor, etc.

Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Rain Gardens and Bio-retention Basins
Common NameBotanical NameFlood and Drought Tolerance
Trees (Deciduous)
Red MapleAcer rubrum 2
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia 2
River BirchBetula nigra 1,3
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana 1,3
RedbudCercis Canadensis 1,2
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus 2
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica 3
PossumhawIlex decidua  1,3 
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua 1,2
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera 1,2
WillowsSalix sp. 3
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens 1,3
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum 1,3
Trees (Evergreen)
Altantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides 1,3
Dahoon HollyIlex cassine 1,2
American HollyIlex opaca 1,2
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora 1,2
Sweet BayMagnolia virginica 3
Black GumNyssa sylvatica 2
DevilwoodOsmanthus amercanus 1,2
Loblolly PinePinus taeda 1,3
Swamp Laurel OakQuercus laurifolia 3
Shrubs (Deciduous)
ChokeberryAronia arbutifolia 1,3
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana 2
Sweet ShrubCalycanthus floridus 2
ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis 3
Sweet PepperbushClethra alnifolia 2
FothergillaFothergilla gardenia 2
WinterberryIlex verticillata 3
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica 3
SpicebushLindera benzion 2
ArrowwoodViburnum dentatum 2
Possumhaw ViburnumViburnum nudum 3
Shrubs (Evergreen)
InkberryIlex glabra 2
YauponIlex vomitoria 1,2
Florida AniseIllicium floridanum 3
Yellow AniseIllicium parviflorum 1,2
Coastal LeucothoeLeucothoe axillaris 2
Wax MyrtleMyrica cerifera 1,2
Dwarf PalmettoSabal minor 3
Saw PalmettoSeronoa repens 1,2
Perennials, Grasses, and Sedges
Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii 1,2
AstilbeAstilbe spp. 2
Swamp MilkweedAsclepias incarnate 3
Butterfly MilkweedAsclepias tuberosa 1
Climbing AsterAster carolinianus 3
Lady FernAthyrium filix-femina 2
Canna LilyCanna glauca 3
Golden Canna LilyCanna flaccid 3
Tussock SedgeCarex stricta 3
River OatsChasmanthium latifolium 1,3
TurtleheadChelone glabra 3
Green and GoldChrysongonum virginium 2
Mouse Ear CoreopsisCoreopsis auriculata 2
TickseedCoreopsis lanceolata 1,2
Joe Pye WeedEupatorium fistulosum 3
Swamp SunflowerHelianthus angustifolius 3
DaylilyHemerocallis spp. 1,2
Texas Star, RosemallowHibiscus coccineus 3
Swamp MallowHibiscus moscheutos 3
Blue Flag IrisIris virginica 3
Soft RushJuncus effuses 3
Blazing Star, GayfeatherLiatris spicata 2
Cardinal FlowerLobelia cardenalis 3
Blue LobeliaLobelia siphilitica 3
Bee BalmMonarda spp. 1,2
Muhly Grass, SweetgrassMuhlenbergia cappillaris 1,2
Sensitive FernOnoclea sensibilis 3
Cinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomea 3
Royal FernOsmunda regalis 3
Panic GrassPanicum virgatum 1,3
Obedient PlantPhysostegia virginiana 2
Solomon’s SealPolygonatum biflorum 2
Black-Eyed-SusanRudbeckia hirta 1,2
Cutleaf ConeflowerRudbeckia lanciniata 1,2
Little BluestemSchizachyrium scoparium 1,2
GoldenrodSolidago spp. 3
IndiangrassSorghanstrum nutans 1,2
IronweedVeronia noveborascensis 3
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Rain Gardens and Bio-retention Basins
Common NameBotanical NameFlood and Drought Tolerance
Trees (Deciduous)
Red MapleAcer rubrum 2
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia 2
River BirchBetula nigra 1,3
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana 1,3
RedbudCercis Canadensis 1,2
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus 2
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica 3
PossumhawIlex decidua  1,3 
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua 1,2
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera 1,2
WillowsSalix sp. 3
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens 1,3
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum 1,3
Trees (Evergreen)
Altantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides 1,3
Dahoon HollyIlex cassine 1,2
American HollyIlex opaca 1,2
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora 1,2
Sweet BayMagnolia virginica 3
Black GumNyssa sylvatica 2
DevilwoodOsmanthus amercanus 1,2
Loblolly PinePinus taeda 1,3
Swamp Laurel OakQuercus laurifolia 3
Shrubs (Deciduous)
ChokeberryAronia arbutifolia 1,3
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana 2
Sweet ShrubCalycanthus floridus 2
ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis 3
Sweet PepperbushClethra alnifolia 2
FothergillaFothergilla gardenia 2
WinterberryIlex verticillata 3
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica 3
SpicebushLindera benzion 2
ArrowwoodViburnum dentatum 2
Possumhaw ViburnumViburnum nudum 3
Shrubs (Evergreen)
InkberryIlex glabra 2
YauponIlex vomitoria 1,2
Florida AniseIllicium floridanum 3
Yellow AniseIllicium parviflorum 1,2
Coastal LeucothoeLeucothoe axillaris 2
Wax MyrtleMyrica cerifera 1,2
Dwarf PalmettoSabal minor 3
Saw PalmettoSeronoa repens 1,2
Perennials, Grasses, and Sedges
Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii 1,2
AstilbeAstilbe spp. 2
Swamp MilkweedAsclepias incarnate 3
Butterfly MilkweedAsclepias tuberosa 1
Climbing AsterAster carolinianus 3
Lady FernAthyrium filix-femina 2
Canna LilyCanna glauca 3
Golden Canna LilyCanna flaccid 3
Tussock SedgeCarex stricta 3
River OatsChasmanthium latifolium 1,3
TurtleheadChelone glabra 3
Green and GoldChrysongonum virginium 2
Mouse Ear CoreopsisCoreopsis auriculata 2
TickseedCoreopsis lanceolata 1,2
Joe Pye WeedEupatorium fistulosum 3
Swamp SunflowerHelianthus angustifolius 3
DaylilyHemerocallis spp. 1,2
Texas Star, RosemallowHibiscus coccineus 3
Swamp MallowHibiscus moscheutos 3
Blue Flag IrisIris virginica 3
Soft RushJuncus effuses 3
Blazing Star, GayfeatherLiatris spicata 2
Cardinal FlowerLobelia cardenalis 3
Blue LobeliaLobelia siphilitica 3
Bee BalmMonarda spp. 1,2
Muhly Grass, SweetgrassMuhlenbergia cappillaris 1,2
Sensitive FernOnoclea sensibilis 3
Cinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomea 3
Royal FernOsmunda regalis 3
Panic GrassPanicum virgatum 1,3
Obedient PlantPhysostegia virginiana 2
Solomon’s SealPolygonatum biflorum 2
Black-Eyed-SusanRudbeckia hirta 1,2
Cutleaf ConeflowerRudbeckia lanciniata 1,2
Little BluestemSchizachyrium scoparium 1,2
GoldenrodSolidago spp. 3
IndiangrassSorghanstrum nutans 1,2
IronweedVeronia noveborascensis 3
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Rain Gardens and Bio-retention Basins
Common NameBotanical NameFlood and Drought Tolerance
Trees (Deciduous)
Red MapleAcer rubrum 2
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia 2
River BirchBetula nigra 1,3
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana 1,3
RedbudCercis Canadensis 1,2
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus 2
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica 3
PossumhawIlex decidua  1,3 
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua 1,2
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera 1,2
WillowsSalix sp. 3
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens 1,3
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum 1,3
Trees (Evergreen)
Altantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides 1,3
Dahoon HollyIlex cassine 1,2
American HollyIlex opaca 1,2
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora 1,2
Sweet BayMagnolia virginica 3
Black GumNyssa sylvatica 2
DevilwoodOsmanthus amercanus 1,2
Loblolly PinePinus taeda 1,3
Swamp Laurel OakQuercus laurifolia 3
Shrubs (Deciduous)
ChokeberryAronia arbutifolia 1,3
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana 2
Sweet ShrubCalycanthus floridus 2
ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis 3
Sweet PepperbushClethra alnifolia 2
FothergillaFothergilla gardenia 2
WinterberryIlex verticillata 3
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica 3
SpicebushLindera benzion 2
ArrowwoodViburnum dentatum 2
Possumhaw ViburnumViburnum nudum 3
Shrubs (Evergreen)
InkberryIlex glabra 2
YauponIlex vomitoria 1,2
Florida AniseIllicium floridanum 3
Yellow AniseIllicium parviflorum 1,2
Coastal LeucothoeLeucothoe axillaris 2
Wax MyrtleMyrica cerifera 1,2
Dwarf PalmettoSabal minor 3
Saw PalmettoSeronoa repens 1,2
Perennials, Grasses, and Sedges
Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii 1,2
AstilbeAstilbe spp. 2
Swamp MilkweedAsclepias incarnate 3
Butterfly MilkweedAsclepias tuberosa 1
Climbing AsterAster carolinianus 3
Lady FernAthyrium filix-femina 2
Canna LilyCanna glauca 3
Golden Canna LilyCanna flaccid 3
Tussock SedgeCarex stricta 3
River OatsChasmanthium latifolium 1,3
TurtleheadChelone glabra 3
Green and GoldChrysongonum virginium 2
Mouse Ear CoreopsisCoreopsis auriculata 2
TickseedCoreopsis lanceolata 1,2
Joe Pye WeedEupatorium fistulosum 3
Swamp SunflowerHelianthus angustifolius 3
DaylilyHemerocallis spp. 1,2
Texas Star, RosemallowHibiscus coccineus 3
Swamp MallowHibiscus moscheutos 3
Blue Flag IrisIris virginica 3
Soft RushJuncus effuses 3
Blazing Star, GayfeatherLiatris spicata 2
Cardinal FlowerLobelia cardenalis 3
Blue LobeliaLobelia siphilitica 3
Bee BalmMonarda spp. 1,2
Muhly Grass, SweetgrassMuhlenbergia cappillaris 1,2
Sensitive FernOnoclea sensibilis 3
Cinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomea 3
Royal FernOsmunda regalis 3
Panic GrassPanicum virgatum 1,3
Obedient PlantPhysostegia virginiana 2
Solomon’s SealPolygonatum biflorum 2
Black-Eyed-SusanRudbeckia hirta 1,2
Cutleaf ConeflowerRudbeckia lanciniata 1,2
Little BluestemSchizachyrium scoparium 1,2
GoldenrodSolidago spp. 3
IndiangrassSorghanstrum nutans 1,2
IronweedVeronia noveborascensis 3
Table B-1
Recommended Plant List for Rain Gardens and Bio-retention Basins
Common NameBotanical NameFlood and Drought Tolerance
Trees (Deciduous)
Red MapleAcer rubrum 2
Red BuckeyeAesculus pavia 2
River BirchBetula nigra 1,3
Ironwood, American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana 1,3
RedbudCercis Canadensis 1,2
FringetreeChionanthus virginicus 2
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica 3
PossumhawIlex decidua  1,3 
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua 1,2
Tulip PoplarLiriodendron tulipifera 1,2
WillowsSalix sp. 3
PondcypressTaxodiom ascendens 1,3
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum 1,3
Trees (Evergreen)
Altantic White CedarChamaecyparis thyoides 1,3
Dahoon HollyIlex cassine 1,2
American HollyIlex opaca 1,2
Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora 1,2
Sweet BayMagnolia virginica 3
Black GumNyssa sylvatica 2
DevilwoodOsmanthus amercanus 1,2
Loblolly PinePinus taeda 1,3
Swamp Laurel OakQuercus laurifolia 3
Shrubs (Deciduous)
ChokeberryAronia arbutifolia 1,3
American BeautyberryCallicarpa Americana 2
Sweet ShrubCalycanthus floridus 2
ButtonbushCephalanthus occidentalis 3
Sweet PepperbushClethra alnifolia 2
FothergillaFothergilla gardenia 2
WinterberryIlex verticillata 3
Virginia SweetspireItea virginica 3
SpicebushLindera benzion 2
ArrowwoodViburnum dentatum 2
Possumhaw ViburnumViburnum nudum 3
Shrubs (Evergreen)
InkberryIlex glabra 2
YauponIlex vomitoria 1,2
Florida AniseIllicium floridanum 3
Yellow AniseIllicium parviflorum 1,2
Coastal LeucothoeLeucothoe axillaris 2
Wax MyrtleMyrica cerifera 1,2
Dwarf PalmettoSabal minor 3
Saw PalmettoSeronoa repens 1,2
Perennials, Grasses, and Sedges
Big BluestemAndropogon gerardii 1,2
AstilbeAstilbe spp. 2
Swamp MilkweedAsclepias incarnate 3
Butterfly MilkweedAsclepias tuberosa 1
Climbing AsterAster carolinianus 3
Lady FernAthyrium filix-femina 2
Canna LilyCanna glauca 3
Golden Canna LilyCanna flaccid 3
Tussock SedgeCarex stricta 3
River OatsChasmanthium latifolium 1,3
TurtleheadChelone glabra 3
Green and GoldChrysongonum virginium 2
Mouse Ear CoreopsisCoreopsis auriculata 2
TickseedCoreopsis lanceolata 1,2
Joe Pye WeedEupatorium fistulosum 3
Swamp SunflowerHelianthus angustifolius 3
DaylilyHemerocallis spp. 1,2
Texas Star, RosemallowHibiscus coccineus 3
Swamp MallowHibiscus moscheutos 3
Blue Flag IrisIris virginica 3
Soft RushJuncus effuses 3
Blazing Star, GayfeatherLiatris spicata 2
Cardinal FlowerLobelia cardenalis 3
Blue LobeliaLobelia siphilitica 3
Bee BalmMonarda spp. 1,2
Muhly Grass, SweetgrassMuhlenbergia cappillaris 1,2
Sensitive FernOnoclea sensibilis 3
Cinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomea 3
Royal FernOsmunda regalis 3
Panic GrassPanicum virgatum 1,3
Obedient PlantPhysostegia virginiana 2
Solomon’s SealPolygonatum biflorum 2
Black-Eyed-SusanRudbeckia hirta 1,2
Cutleaf ConeflowerRudbeckia lanciniata 1,2
Little BluestemSchizachyrium scoparium 1,2
GoldenrodSolidago spp. 3
IndiangrassSorghanstrum nutans 1,2
IronweedVeronia noveborascensis 3

Effective on: 1/1/1901

DIVISION B-1.3

Recommended Stormwater and Infiltration Detention Basins: Best Management Practices (BMPs) are methods or techniques found to be the most effective and practical means in achieving an objective. In the case of this appendix, the following best practices are those preferred – but not required – by the City as to stormwater and infiltration design.

Stormwater infiltration, bioretention and rainwater gardens are landscaped features to provide detention of stormwater and treatment of runoff on site. These are typically effective (but not limited to) in and around parking lots. Rain gardens are landscape depressions designed to receive stormwater runoff and remove some pollutants while recharging the water table. They are typically utilized in residential areas. These BMP’s enhance the quality of downstream waters by filtering runoff, as well as temporarily detaining stormwater within the planting medium for days. This unseen detention allows for a reduction of size or elimination of detention ponds / basins on site. Following South Carolina DHEC design criteria calculations and specifications within the Storm Water Management Handbook will demonstrate surface area, volume detained, hydraulic draw down time etc.

The following details are suggested applications.

Effective on: 1/1/1901