For all buildings and structures erected and all uses of land established after the effective date of this code, off-street parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required by this division.

Where a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this code, and provided that construction is begun within 90 days of such effective date and diligently pursued to completion, parking and loading facilities as required need not be provided.

There shall be provided permanent, dust-free, off-street parking space:

Parking spaces may not be substituted for a required loading space or a loading space substituted for a required parking space.

Adequate parking spaces shall be provided to meet Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., requirements.

Vehicular access shall be provided to a public street.

Any off-street parking already in use or established hereafter shall not be reduced below the limits required by this division by the construction of any addition to a building or structure, or by the construction of any additional building or structure on the property.

Joint parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities for different buildings, structures, or uses, of for mixed uses may be provided collectively in any nonresidential zoning district.

A required off-street parking space shall be at least nine feet in width and at least 18 feet in length.

All parking spaces provided under the provisions of this code shall be hard surface material. Gravel alone may be used for manufactured homes, single-family residences, and two-family residences if the driveway exceeds 80 feet in length; provided, however, residential parking spaces and drives in excess of those required by § 4.16.5A(1), below, may be either hard surface or gravel. No gravel parking space or drive or combination of parking spaces or drives may exceed 10 feet in width in front of the front building line, and no gravel drive or parking space may be adjacent to the street.

Driveways used for ingress and egress shall not exceed 40 feet in width, exclusive of curb and returns.

A required loading space shall be in addition to required off-street parking.

A loading space shall not be designed to project into a public street or alley.

A loading space shall be at least 12 feet in width and at least 25 feet in length, with at least a fourteen-foot height clearance; and have adequate maneuvering area so as not to require maneuvering on a public street.

All loading spaces shall have permanent dust-free, hard surfaces, similar to a single seal-coat surface, or better.

Residential use.

Retail and service uses and integrated shopping centers: one parking space per 250 square feet of gross floor area open to the public.

Wholesale establishments: one parking space per 600 square feet of gross floor area open to the public.

Industrial establishments.

Offices: one parking space per 200 square feet of gross floor area, exclusive of the area used for storage, utilities, and building service area.

Places of assembly.

Public facilities and recreation services: one parking space per 50 square feet of floor area used for assembly or recreation in the building.

Restaurants.

Banks: one parking space per 300 square feet of gross floor area open to the public; three off-street stacking spaces per drive-in customer service window.

Schools.

Residential: See requirement for child-care centers, day-care family homes, residential home day cares.

Commercial: one off-street loading space for each establishment, except office buildings, with an additional space for each 10,000 square feet of building space.

Industrial and warehousing: one off-street loading space for each establishment, with one additional space for each 40,000 square feet of floor area.