To alleviate or prevent congestion of the public streets and so promote the health, safety and welfare of the public, minimum standards for the off-street parking and loading of motor vehicles are hereby established in accordance with the use of property as permitted in the individual use districts.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.1), 9-16-86)

(a)

This article shall not apply to the C-4, central commercial district.

(b)

Accessory off-street parking and off-street loading facilities shall be provided as required herein for all buildings and structures erected, altered or enlarged and all uses of land established in each district after the effective date of the ordinance from which this article is derived; except that where a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of the ordinance from which this article is derived, and provided that construction is begun within six weeks of such effective date and diligently prosecuted to completion, parking and loading facilities in the amounts required by this chapter in effect at the date of issuance of the building permit shall govern.

(c)

When the intensity of use of any building, structure or premises is increased through the addition of dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity or other units of measurement, such increase shall be permitted only if all the required parking and loading facilities for the use are provided.

(d)

Whenever the existing use of a building or structure shall hereafter be changed to a new use, parking or loading facilities shall be provided as required for such new use.

(e)

Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to prevent the voluntary establishment of off-street parking and loading facilities in excess of the minimum requirements to serve any existing use of land or buildings; provided, that all regulations herein governing the location, design and operation of such facilities are adhered to, except that no off-street parking or loading facilities accessory to a nonconforming use shall be expanded.

(f)

Accessory off-street parking and loading facilities in existence on the effective date of the ordinance from which this section was derived and located on the same lot as the building or use served shall not hereafter be reduced below, or if already less than required, shall not be further reduced below, the requirements for such building or use under the provision of this section.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.201—5.206), 9-16-86)

(a)

Off-street parking facilities accessory to a permitted use or a use allowed by special permit shall be provided for the parking of motor vehicles of the employees, patrons, occupants or guests of the use to which such facilities are accessory. Off-street loading facilities shall be used only for loading or unloading of goods for the use to which such facilities are accessory. Loading facilities shall not be used for the storage or repair of vehicles.

(b)

Use of land or structure as a commercial parking facility which provides off-street parking for a fee shall be considered a principal use rather than an accessory use and shall not be considered as satisfying off-street parking requirements for any other principal use. Except as provided in section 28-1019(b), any use of land or structure for off-street parking which is not accessory to a principal use on the same lot shall be considered a vehicle storage facility.

(c)

Accessory off-street parking facilities for different buildings, structures or uses, or for mixed uses on the same lot or parcel, may be provided collectively; provided, that the total number of spaces so located together shall not be less than the sum of the separate requirements for each use, and that such facilities are maintained in the same ownership as the use or uses served.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.301—5.303), 9-16-86)

(a)

Accessory off-street parking spaces shall be located on the same lot as the use served, except when the board of adjustment authorizes, as a special exception, all or part of the required off-street parking spaces to be located on a lot that does not contain the principal use or structure to be served.

(b)

Accessory use of off-street parking spaces on a lot other than the lot on which the principal use or structure served is located may be authorized by the board of adjustment.

(1)

On a lot in an R or O district, provided that such lot is adjacent to (or separated only by an alley or street from) the use serve; and provided that use of the lot is limited to passenger cars, and further provided that boundary landscaping with a minimum height of three feet shall be required along street rights-of-way to screen the pavement surface from view and that such height be achieved through the following landscape elements: earthen berms, grass, ground cover, shrubbery, trees, landscape timbers, and/or masonry walls, in accordance with the definition of landscaping found in section 28-218 of the Zoning Ordinance.

(2)

On a lot in a C or M district; provided, that such lot is within 300 feet of the use served as measured along the shortest route of public access.

(c)

Where parking facilities are permitted on a lot other than the lot on which the structure or use served is located, the owner of record of the lot occupied by the structure or use to which the parking facilities are accessory shall be the same as the owner of record of the lot on which the parking facilities are permitted or shall be the lessee in a lease agreement concerning the lot on which the parking facilities are permitted. Copies of the lease agreement shall be deposited with the office of the zoning administrator. The owner of record of the lot on which the parking facilities are permitted shall not change or the lease agreement shall not be terminated until such time as any one (as appropriate) of the following conditions occur:

(1)

The structure or use being served is terminated; or

(2)

The new owner of record of the lot on which the parking facilities are permitted is the same as the owner of record of the lot occupied by the structure or use to which the parking facilities are accessory; or

(3)

Another lot is properly developed and used for the required accessory off-street parking in place of the initial lot used for accessory off-street parking, subject to the same requirements and conditions attaching to such substitute lot, and such substitution shall be approved by the board of adjustment.

(d)

Except as provided below, no accessory off-street parking facilities shall be located in any required yard:

(1)

On any property zoned R-1 or used for single-family, small lot single-family, or two family dwellings, the off-street parking for all vehicles including recreational vehicles and recreational equipment or trailers, whether oversized or not, may be located in a front yard, provided such parking is located on a driveway improved with an all-weather surface and provided that the maximum width of that length of the driveway, located within the front yard, shall not exceed 24 feet for single-family or two family dwellings and 15 feet for small lot single-family dwellings. Parking areas in addition to driveways are permitted in front yards, provided they are improved with an all-weather surface and provided that they are separated from the front property line by a minimum of five feet of landscaped area; and further provided that the total of the areas covered by an all-weather surface, including the driveway, does not constitute more than 50 percent of the front yard for single-family, two family dwellings and small lot single-family dwellings.

(2)

In the R and O districts, accessory off-street parking spaces, open to the sky, may be located in a required side or rear yard. On any property used for single-family or two-family dwellings, parking located on a side yard, abutting a street, shall be located on an all weather surface.

(3)

In the C and M districts, accessory off-street parking spaces, open to the sky, may be provided in any yard except within 50 feet of an R district in a required yard.

(4)

Accessory off-street parking spaces located within an accessory structure may be located in a required side or rear yard subject to the provisions of section 28-926.

(5)

For churches and schools, accessory off-street parking spaces, open to the sky may be provided in all but the first 25 feet of the required 50 feet front yard.

(6)

An all-weather surface shall be defined as concrete, hot-mix, asphaltic concrete, gravel bordered by cement curbing or a similar permanent border, concrete or brick pavers, or some other improved surface as approved by the city engineer. Gravel bordered by cement curbing or a similar permanent border may only be used for single-family residential parking spaces.

(7)

Gravel shall be defined as material consisting of durable particles of rock mixed with approved binding material that is free from thin or elongated pieces, clay lumps, soil foam or vegetable matter. The material may be bank run or the binder may be added and incorporated by methods approved by the city engineer.

(8)

Parking of vehicles on property used for residential purposes or located in residential zoning districts shall be governed by section 25-199 of this Code.

(9)

The terms of this section shall not be construed to apply to the parking of vehicles in a front yard or side yard used as part of a temporary commercial parking facility where a temporary commercial parking facility is permitted by right.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.401—5.404), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 1988-45, § 2, 10-18-88; Ord. No. 1995-17, § 1, 6-20-95; Ord No. 2000-71, § 1, 11-7-00; Ord. No. 2001-23, § 1, 4-17-01; Ord. No. 2014-432, § 1, 8-5-14; Ord. No. 2016-174, § 1, 3-1-16; Ord. No. 2021-556, § 1, 8-17-21)

(a)

Floor area. In determining the number of required accessory off-street parking spaces based upon floor area of a specific use, floor area shall mean the total floor area by such use on all stories of a structure, except for:

(1)

Areas within the structure occupied by off-street parking and loading facilities.

(2)

Areas occupied exclusively by mechanical equipment used for heating, ventilating and air conditioning of the structure.

(3)

Nonhabitable basements or cellars used for accessory storage.

(b)

Fractions. When the computation of off-street parking requirements results in a fractional space required, any fraction less than one-half may be disregarded while a fraction of one-half or greater shall be counted as one space.

(c)

Mixed uses. In the case of a mixed use, the off-street parking spaces required shall equal the sum of the requirements of the individual uses computed separately.

(d)

Parking study. A developer proposing to develop or expand a hospital, college, office park or manufacturing use of at least twenty acres in area and three buildings may submit a parking study/parking master plan to be approved by the city engineer in lieu of meeting the standard parking requirements. The parking study/master plan shall include, but not be limited to the following:

(1)

Mass transit;

(2)

Multi-use parking facilities;

(3)

Remote parking facilities;

(4)

Pedestrian access and connectivity.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.501—5.503), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 2001-23, § 1, 4-17-01; Ord. No. 2003-0317, § 1, 6-3-03)

(a)

The parking requirements included in this section shall apply to new construction, additions, or changes to a more parking intense use, only. Structures in existence as of May 1, 2001, shall be exempt from the requirements set forth in this section; however, no action shall be permitted that will reduce the number of existing parking spaces available to such structures below the number of parking spaces required by this section.

(b)

Off-street parking spaces for permitted uses and uses allowed by special permit shall be provided in accordance with the following requirements:

(1)

Single-family dwelling and small lot single-family dwelling: two spaces. (These spaces may be provided in a garage or driveway.)

(2)

Attached single-family and two-family dwellings: two spaces for each dwelling unit.

(3)

Multiple dwellings and apartment hotels:

a.

Efficiency dwelling units: one space for each dwelling unit.

b.

One bedroom dwelling units: 1½ spaces for each dwelling unit.

c.

Two bedroom dwelling units: two spaces for each dwelling unit.

d.

Three or more bedroom dwelling units: two spaces for each dwelling unit, plus one additional space for each five dwelling units or portion thereof.

(4)

Lodginghouses/Boarding house: one space for each rental room.

(5)

Fraternity and sorority houses: two spaces for each room used for sleeping purposes.

(6)

Houses of worship: one space for each five seats in the main auditorium or sanctuary.

(7)

Elementary and junior high schools, public, parochial and private: two spaces for each classroom.

(8)

Senior high schools, public, parochial and private: seven spaces for each classroom.

(9)

Hospitals: one space for each hospital bed.

(10)

Institutions, clubs, lodges and public buildings: one space for each 400 square feet of floor area.

(11)

Places of public assembly, auditoriums and theaters: one space for each four seats.

(12)

Hotels: one space for each of the first 20 individual guest rooms or suites; one additional parking space for each two guest rooms or suites in excess of 20 and not exceeding 40; one additional space for each four guest rooms or suites in excess of 40; plus one additional space for each four patron seats in rooms open to the nonresident public; plus one space for each 200 square feet of display or ballroom area.

(13)

Motels: one space for each individual guest room or suite; plus one additional space for each four patron seats in rooms open to the nonresident public; plus one space for each 200 square feet of display or ballroom area.

(14)

Offices: one space for each 300 square feet of floor area.

(15)

Restaurants: one space for each 100 square feet of floor area.

(16)

Bars, taverns, nightclubs and similar establishments: one space for each 100 square feet of floor area.

(17)

Automotive service station: one space for each 200 square feet of floor area plus one space for each island of pumps and two spaces for each service stall.

(18)

Furniture, household appliances, home improvement, auto parts and other similar over-the-counter retail warehouse sales and motor vehicle sales: one space for each 400 square feet of floor area, such floor area to include both the public display areas and related warehouse storage building.

(19)

Warehousing use: one space for each employee or 1,000 square feet of floor area. Should the number of employees be used as the basis for calculating parking spaces, a reserve parking area, as approved by the city engineer, shall be provided for any additional spaces required based on the standard of one space for each 1,000 square feet of building added.

(20)

Manufacturing and industrial uses: one space for each 600 square feet of floor area. Except that on additions to existing facilities, required parking shall be one space per employee added. A reserve parking area, as approved by the city engineer, shall be provided for any additional spaces required based on the standard of one space for each 600 square feet of building added.

(21)

Flea markets and retail sales exclusively outside an enclosed building: one space for each 800 square feet of gross site area.

(22)

Nursing homes: one space for each two beds.

(23)

General retail and personal service shops: one space for each 200 square feet of floor area.

(24)

Child care and adult day care facility serving more than 12 clients: one marked loading/unloading space for each 17 clients, or portion thereof, for which the facility is certified or licensed and one paved off-street parking space for each employee on-duty at the peak employment period.

(25)

Indoor recreation facility: one space for each 100 square feet of floor area.

(26)

Indoor amusement facility: one space for each 100 square feet of floor area. For bowling alleys, the square footage of the bowling lanes shall be excluded from this calculation.

(27)

Live/work unit:

a.

For live/work units of fewer than 2,500 square feet: Two parking spaces for each unit.

b.

For live/work units of greater than 2,500 square feet: Required parking will be based on the applicable parking standard for the nonresidential use.

(28)

House Museum: one space for each 400 square feet of floor area or one space per each three persons on a tour if the House Museum is limited to tours only. Should the number of persons on a tour be used as the basis of calculating parking spaces, verification of the maximum number of persons allowed on a tour shall be provided at the time of certificate of occupancy of the House Museum.

(29)

All other uses not listed in this section: One space for each 200 square feet of floor area.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.601—5.625), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 1987-3, § 20, 2-17-87; Ord. No. 1990-61, § 18, 12-18-90; Ord. No. 2001-23, § 1, 4-17-01; Ord. No. 2003-0383, § 1, 7-1-03; Ord. No. 2005-287, § 2, 5-3-05; Ord. No. 2010-131, § 1, 3-2-10; Ord. No. 2016-174, § 1, 3-1-16; Ord. No. 2016-493, § 1, 8-2-16; Ord. No. 2018-907, § 1, 10-2-18; Ord. No. 2022-440, § 2, 7-5-22)

All off-street parking facilities shall be designed and maintained in accordance with the standards contained in section 28-215 except for a temporary commercial parking facility.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.701), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 1987-25, § 5, 5-12-87; Ord. No. 2014-432, § 1, 8-5-14)

(a)

Accessory off-street loading spaces, when required by the provisions of section 28-1024, shall be located on the same lot as the principal use served.

(b)

No off-street loading space in an O, C or M district shall be located within 50 feet of a residence district.

(c)

No off-street loading space shall be located within 40 feet of the closest point of intersection of two or more public rights-of-way.

(d)

No loading space shall be located in a required front or side yard, and any loading space located in a required rear yard shall be open to the sky. Access lanes to enclosed loading docks within the building are permitted in all yards except the required front yard.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.801—5.804), 9-16-86)

(a)

The minimum number of off-street loading spaces accessory to any structure hereafter erected, structurally altered or enlarged shall be:

*Where more than one structure is located on a lot the loading space requirement shall be calculated for each structure separately.

†Where a use is not required to have a loading space, provisions shall be made for deliveries and refuse pickup shall not interfere with on-site or off-site traffic movements.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.901), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 1987-25, § 6, 5-12-87)

All off-street loading facilities shall be designed and maintained in accordance with standards contained in section 28-215.

(Ord. No. 1986-49, § 1(5.1001), 9-16-86; Ord. No. 1987-25, § 7, 5-12-87)