00.- OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS
(a)
Sufficient space required. For every use, activity, or structure permitted by this chapter and for all buildings or structures erected in accordance therewith, there shall be provided sufficient space for access and off-street standing, parking, circulation, unloading, and loading for motor vehicles that may be expected to transport its users or occupants, whether as patrons, residents, customers, employees, guests, or otherwise, to an establishment, activity, or place of residence at any time under normal conditions for any purpose. When a use is expanded, accessory off-street parking and loading shall be provided in accordance with the regulations herein for the area or capacity of such expansion in combination with the previously existing uses, structure, or activity. Existing off-street parking facilities actually being used on the effective date of the ordinance from which this article is derived, for the parking of automobiles in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than that hereinafter required for a similar new building or use unless additional parking facilities of the same amount are provided as described herein.
(b)
Single-family residential districts. Two paved parking spaces shall be provided per single-family residential dwelling unit. Required parking may be located in a garage. Driveways and all additional parking (above the required two spaces) shall be paved, except that paving shall not be required for occasional, temporary parking. Also, this paving requirement does not apply to existing, legally installed unpaved driveways and to parking of recreational vehicles.
(c)
Nonresidential uses of residential buildings. In any district a residential building being used for nonresidential purposes, except places of public assembly as hereinafter provided, shall provide in addition to the off-street parking space or spaces for the dwelling units required under subsection (b) of this section, off-street parking in the same amounts set forth in section 51-19.02, for that portion of the floor area which is being utilized for nonresidential purposes.
(d)
Methods of providing parking facilities. The required off-street parking facilities for buildings used for other than residential purposes may be provided by any one, or any combination of the following methods:
(1)
By providing the required off-street parking on the same lot as the building served.
(2)
By providing the required off-street parking within 300 feet of the building being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the lot to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
(3)
By the collective provisions of the required off-street parking for two or more buildings or uses, provided that the total of such off-street parking area shall not be less than the sum of the requirements of the various buildings or uses computed separately and such parking areas are within 300 feet of the buildings being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the building or use to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
(e)
Uses not specifically mentioned. For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with a use which the planning commission determines as being most similar in nature.
(f)
Change in use of parking. Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall never be changed to any other use unless and until off-street parking facilities are provided elsewhere in accordance with this section.
(g)
Zoning of accessory parking. All accessory parking facilities, whether provided in fulfillment of or in excess of the requirements of this section, and whether located on the same or on a different lot from the principal use as provided herein, shall be located on property zoned within the same, or a less restrictive zoning district as the principal use served by the parking.
(h)
Joint parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities for different buildings, structures, or uses, or for mixed uses, may be provided and used collectively or jointly in any zoning district in which separate off-street parking facilities for each constituent use would be permitted, subject to the following provisions.
(1)
The parking spaces required for a theater or other place of evening entertainment, for a church, for multifamily dwelling units, or for a school, may be provided and used jointly by banks, offices, retail stores, repair shops, service establishments, and similar uses not normally open, used, or operated during evening hours if specifically approved by the planning commission; provided, however, that written agreement ensuring the retention for such purpose shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned.
(2)
A written agreement assuring the perpetual joint usage of said common parking for the combination of uses or buildings shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the planning commission and city attorney, and filed with and made part of the application for a building permit.
(i)
Mixed uses. For building or land containing more than one use, the total parking requirement shall be determined to be the sum of the requirements for each use, unless joint parking facilities shall be provided.
(j)
Duty of continuing compliance. Notwithstanding any transfer of the title to the real estate on which building or buildings are located, the transferees and occupants shall continue to maintain the off-street parking and loading area requirements of this chapter. It shall be unlawful for the owner or occupants of any building to discontinue or change, or cause the discontinuance or change of the required off-street parking without establishing, prior to such discontinuance or change, alternative off-street parking which meets the requirements of and is in compliance with this chapter.
(k)
Location. Off-street parking lots shall comply with the following locational and screening requirements:
(1)
Minimum front setbacks. Off-street parking shall not be permitted in the front yard of residential and community service districts. Off-street parking lots may be located in the front yard of office, commercial, industrial, and vehicular parking districts, provided that no portion of any parking lots shall be located closer than 20 feet to the setback measurement line or street right-of-way. If the planning commission determines unusual circumstances exist on the site, which present practical difficulties in complying with the 20-foot front yard setback requirement, then it may reduce the minimum setback distance by up to ten feet. Front yard parking lots shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-21.35(4)e. Parking lots located in the downtown overlay district shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-29.05(6)b.
(2)
Minimum side and rear setback. No portion of any off-street parking lot shall be located closer than 7½ feet to any property line that abuts another parcel of land that is used or zoned for residential purposes. Rear and side yard parking lots abutting a parcel of land zoned for residential purposes shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-21.14. The setback may be reduced to five feet where the abutting parcel of land is used and zoned for nonresidential purposes.
a.
Notwithstanding these requirements, in office, commercial, industrial, and vehicular parking districts, a zero setback may be permitted where parking lots on adjacent parcels abut one another such that they function as a single parking lot, allowing free flow of traffic across the common property line.
b.
Minimum waterfront setback. No portion of any off-street parking lot shall be located closer than ten feet to the water line, unless otherwise specified in this chapter.
(3)
Parking setbacks in mobile home parks. Parking setbacks in mobile home parks shall be subject to the mobile home commission rules.
(4)
Use of setback area. The required setback area shall be appropriately landscaped or used for installation of screening, in accordance with section 51-21.14 or 51-21.35.
(Code 1994, § 19.01)
The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by use shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule:
Whenever the off-street parking requirements require the building of an off-street parking facility or where the P-1 Vehicular Parking District is used for parking purposes, such off-street parking lots shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations.
(1)
No building, structure, or land shall be erected or used for parking or driveway purposes of more than three required parking spaces unless a site plan therefor has been approved by the planning commission.
(2)
No parking lot shall be constructed without a proper permit issued by the building inspector. Application for a permit shall be submitted to the building department in such form as may be determined by the department and shall be accompanied by not less than two sets of site plans for the development of the parking lot showing that the provisions of this section will be fully complied with.
(3)
The parking facilities shall not be less than the following minimum requirements:
(4)
Except for parallel parking, all parking spaces shall be clearly striped with a minimum of four-inch-wide double lines 24 inches apart, to facilitate movement and to help maintain an orderly and efficient parking arrangement.
(5)
Parking space standards.
a.
All parking spaces shall be nine feet in width, center to center, and 20 feet in length.
b.
Barrier-free accessible parking. The required number of barrier-free accessible parking spaces shall comply with the following table 1, 2 :
1. No less than ten percent of the total parking spaces provided for Medical outpatient facilities shall be barrier-free accessible parking spaces.
2. A minimum of one barrier-free van-accessible parking space is required for every eight, or fraction of eight, barrier-free parking spaces provided.
c.
Barrier-free accessible parking spaces (standard). Standard barrier-free accessible parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet in width, 20 feet in length, and have a minimum of one adjacent access aisle of five feet in width and 20 feet in length. An access aisle may be shared by two barrier-free accessible parking spaces. The surface slope of accessible parking spaces and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be at the same level as the accessible parking spaces it serves.
d.
Barrier-free accessible parking spaces (van-accessible). Barrier-free van-accessible parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet in width, 20 feet in length, and have a minimum of one adjacent access aisle of eight feet in width and 20 feet in length. To accommodate for the operation of van-mounted wheelchair lifting devices, barrier-free van-accessible parking spaces and access aisles must have a minimum clear height above the parking space and access aisle of 98 inches from the approved grade. An access aisle may be shared by two barrier-free accessible parking spaces. The surface slope of accessible parking spaces and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be at the same level as the accessible parking spaces it serves.
e.
Barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones. Barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones shall have an adjacent access aisle, on the curb side, of at least five feet in width and 20 feet in length. The surface slope of accessible passenger loading zone and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be parallel to and at the same elevation as the accessible passenger loading zone. A minimum clear height of 114 inches from the approved grade shall be provided above all barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones and access aisles to and from vehicle site entrances.
f.
Barrier-free accessible parking space location. All barrier-free accessible parking spaces (van-accessible/standard/loading zones) must be located on the shortest possible route from the parking facility to an accessible building entrance. When the off-street parking lot does not serve a building, the accessible parking spaces shall be located on the shortest possible route to an accessible pedestrian entrance to the off-street parking lot. When a building has multiple barrier-free accessible entrances, the accessible parking spaces must be dispersed among those entrances.
g.
Barrier-free accessible parking space signs. Each barrier-free accessible parking space shall be individually signed with the symbol of compliance. The sign shall be a minimum of 12 inches wide by 18 inches in height centered in the spaces designated for the vehicle with the bottom edge of the sign being a minimum of 80 inches off the ground. Barrier-free van-accessible parking space signs shall designate "Van-Accessible" on the face of the sign or on an additional sign mounted below the sign. Non-projecting wall mounted barrier-free accessible parking signs shall be mounted not less than 60 inches above the grade (see diagram).
h.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (curb ramps). Where an accessible route crosses a curb, a curb ramp, in compliance with the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, must be provided.
i.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (required). An exterior barrier-free accessible route shall be provided from any public transportation stop, barrier-free accessible parking space (standard and van-accessible), barrier-free accessible loading zone, and public street or sidewalk to the building's barrier-free accessible entrance being served.
j.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (design). All exterior barrier-free accessible routes shall be uninterrupted by steps or abrupt changes in level, have a minimum width of 60 inches, and have a gradient of not more than one foot in 20 feet. Where site constraints will not permit a gradient of one foot in 20 feet, a ramp, in compliance with the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, must be provided.
k.
Compliance. Where more restrictive, the limitations of the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the American with Disabilities Act, as amended, shall take precedence over the regulations of this ordinance.
(6)
Stacking spaces shall be a minimum of nine feet wide and 20 feet in length; shall not extend into any public street right-of-way and shall be distinctly separated from on-site parking so as not to interfere with ingress and egress to parking spaces.
(7)
Parallel parking spaces shall be 20 feet in length with a six-foot maneuvering space for each two parking spaces.
(8)
All parking lots shall have clearly limited and defined access from roadways and said access shall not be less than 24 feet in width at the right-of-way line. Interior driveways shall also be clearly defined and not less than 12 feet wide for one-way and 20 feet wide for two-way traffic.
(9)
All parking spaces shall have access from an aisle on the site. Backing directly onto a street shall be prohibited.
(10)
The city may require the posting of such traffic control signs as it deems necessary to promote vehicular and pedestrian safety.
(11)
Bumper stops, curbing, or wheel chocks shall be provided to prevent any vehicle from damaging or encroaching upon any required wall, berm, pedestrian or bike path or buffer strips, upon any building adjacent to the parking lot, or upon any adjacent property. Freeway-type guard rails shall be prohibited.
(12)
All lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking area shall be limited to 20 feet in height or the height of the principal building, whichever is less, and so installed, maintained, and directed as to have no adverse effect upon adjacent properties.
(13)
Off-street parking lots, access lanes, driveways and other vehicle maneuvering areas shall be hard-surfaced with asphalt or concrete surfacing in accordance with city standards. Off-street parking areas, access lanes and driveways shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of surface waters in an approved manner. Surface water shall not be allowed to drain on to adjoining property, unless in accordance with an approved drainage plan. Grading, surfacing and drainage shall be subject to review and approval by the city engineer.
(14)
In order to ensure pedestrian safety, sidewalks, of not less than five feet in width, may be required to separate any driveway or parking area from a building.
(15)
For all developments requiring site plan approval, a new public sidewalk or safety path shall be constructed in accordance with city engineering standards along any road right-of-way. In the event that sidewalks or safety paths already exist, they shall be repaired or reconstructed, as necessary. Sidewalks and safety paths shall be five feet in width and constructed of concrete, and they shall be located one foot off of the property line in the right-of-way. Where a setback measurement standard is specified on the adopted zoning map, the sidewalk or safety path shall be located one foot from the setback measurement standard line. New or reconstructed sidewalks or safety paths shall be lined with existing or proposed sidewalks or safety paths on adjoining parcels. Sidewalks or safety paths shall be continuous across driveways; in such locations, the sidewalk or safety path shall be constructed of six-inch-thick reinforced concrete.
(16)
All interior circulation routes shall have rights-of-way of a sufficient width to accommodate the vehicular traffic generated by the uses permitted in the district or adequate provision shall be made at the time of the approval of the plan for such sufficient width of rights-of-way. The right-of-way provided to satisfy this condition shall conform with the right-of-way as provided in the city master plan.
(Code 1994, § 19.03)
(a)
For those uses requiring greater than 20 parking spaces, there shall be a minimum of 25 square feet of landscaping for each space in excess of 20 spaces required, and a minimum of 200 square feet of landscaping, must be provided.
(1)
This parking lot requirement is exclusive of any yard and other landscaping requirement within a given zone.
(2)
Parking lot landscaping shall be no less than five feet in any single dimension and no less than 150 square feet in any single area and shall be protected from parking areas with curbing, or other permanent means to prevent vehicular encroachment onto the landscaped areas. Areas less than these minimum requirements shall not be considered as meeting part of the landscaping requirements.
(b)
For all off-street parking lots, a landscaping plan shall be submitted to the planning commission. The landscape plan shall include an itemized plant materials schedule with botanical and common names of materials, their locations, sizes, and quantities. The arrangement of this landscaping shall be done in such a manner as to contribute significantly to safe circulation, visual orientation, and other positive environmental factors.
(Code 1994, § 19.04)
(a)
General applicability. On the same premises with every building, structure, or part thereof, erected and occupied for manufacturing, storage, warehouse, display and sale of goods, including department stores, wholesale stores, markets, hotels, hospitals, mortuaries, laundries, dry cleaning establishments, and other uses involving the receipt or distribution of materials, merchandise, or vehicles, there shall be provided and maintained adequate space for loading and unloading as required in this section.
(b)
Change of use or intensity. Whenever use of a building, structure, or lot is changed, loading space shall be provided as required by this ordinance for the new use, regardless of any variance which may have been in effect prior to change of use.
(c)
Location. Required loading spaces shall be located to the rear of the building being served, except that loading spaces may be located on the side if rear loading is not practical. No loading area shall be permitted in a required waterfront yard. Loading spaces or access thereto shall not be located where loading/unloading operations will interfere with traffic on public streets or off-street parking, regardless of the time of day when the loading/unloading operations occur. Loading space shall not be in a location where vehicles using the spaces are required to back up farther than 50 feet or back around a corner to gain access to or leave the space. Required loading spaces shall be located no farther than 15 feet from the door providing entry into the building.
(d)
Size. Unless otherwise specified, each required loading space shall be a minimum of ten feet in width by 40 feet in length, with a vertical clearance of 15 feet.
(e)
Surfacing and drainage. Loading areas shall be hard-surfaced with concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material. Loading areas shall be graded and drained so as to properly dispose of surface waters, subject to approval by the city engineer.
(f)
Storage and repair prohibited. The storage of merchandise, sale of motor vehicles, storage of inoperable vehicles, or repair of vehicles is prohibited in required loading space.
(g)
Use of loading space. Required loading space shall not be counted or used for required parking.
(h)
Minimum loading space. The amount of loading space shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule. The planning commission may modify these requirements upon making the determination that another standard would be more appropriate because of the number or type of deliveries experienced by a particular business or use.
SCHEDULE OF LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Note 1. Establishments containing less than 3,000 square feet of gross floor area shall be provided with adequate off-street loading space that is accessible by motor vehicle, but which does not interfere with pedestrian or vehicular traffic. The size of any such loading space shall be based on the types of delivery vehicles typically utilized by the establishment, provided that in industrial districts sufficient space must be available to accommodate a ten-foot by 40-foot loading space should it become necessary because of a change in use.
(Code 1994, § 19.05)
00.- OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS
(a)
Sufficient space required. For every use, activity, or structure permitted by this chapter and for all buildings or structures erected in accordance therewith, there shall be provided sufficient space for access and off-street standing, parking, circulation, unloading, and loading for motor vehicles that may be expected to transport its users or occupants, whether as patrons, residents, customers, employees, guests, or otherwise, to an establishment, activity, or place of residence at any time under normal conditions for any purpose. When a use is expanded, accessory off-street parking and loading shall be provided in accordance with the regulations herein for the area or capacity of such expansion in combination with the previously existing uses, structure, or activity. Existing off-street parking facilities actually being used on the effective date of the ordinance from which this article is derived, for the parking of automobiles in connection with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than that hereinafter required for a similar new building or use unless additional parking facilities of the same amount are provided as described herein.
(b)
Single-family residential districts. Two paved parking spaces shall be provided per single-family residential dwelling unit. Required parking may be located in a garage. Driveways and all additional parking (above the required two spaces) shall be paved, except that paving shall not be required for occasional, temporary parking. Also, this paving requirement does not apply to existing, legally installed unpaved driveways and to parking of recreational vehicles.
(c)
Nonresidential uses of residential buildings. In any district a residential building being used for nonresidential purposes, except places of public assembly as hereinafter provided, shall provide in addition to the off-street parking space or spaces for the dwelling units required under subsection (b) of this section, off-street parking in the same amounts set forth in section 51-19.02, for that portion of the floor area which is being utilized for nonresidential purposes.
(d)
Methods of providing parking facilities. The required off-street parking facilities for buildings used for other than residential purposes may be provided by any one, or any combination of the following methods:
(1)
By providing the required off-street parking on the same lot as the building served.
(2)
By providing the required off-street parking within 300 feet of the building being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the lot to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
(3)
By the collective provisions of the required off-street parking for two or more buildings or uses, provided that the total of such off-street parking area shall not be less than the sum of the requirements of the various buildings or uses computed separately and such parking areas are within 300 feet of the buildings being served, measured without crossing a major thoroughfare, from the nearest point of the building or use to the nearest point of the off-street parking facility.
(e)
Uses not specifically mentioned. For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with a use which the planning commission determines as being most similar in nature.
(f)
Change in use of parking. Any area once designated as required off-street parking shall never be changed to any other use unless and until off-street parking facilities are provided elsewhere in accordance with this section.
(g)
Zoning of accessory parking. All accessory parking facilities, whether provided in fulfillment of or in excess of the requirements of this section, and whether located on the same or on a different lot from the principal use as provided herein, shall be located on property zoned within the same, or a less restrictive zoning district as the principal use served by the parking.
(h)
Joint parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities for different buildings, structures, or uses, or for mixed uses, may be provided and used collectively or jointly in any zoning district in which separate off-street parking facilities for each constituent use would be permitted, subject to the following provisions.
(1)
The parking spaces required for a theater or other place of evening entertainment, for a church, for multifamily dwelling units, or for a school, may be provided and used jointly by banks, offices, retail stores, repair shops, service establishments, and similar uses not normally open, used, or operated during evening hours if specifically approved by the planning commission; provided, however, that written agreement ensuring the retention for such purpose shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned.
(2)
A written agreement assuring the perpetual joint usage of said common parking for the combination of uses or buildings shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the planning commission and city attorney, and filed with and made part of the application for a building permit.
(i)
Mixed uses. For building or land containing more than one use, the total parking requirement shall be determined to be the sum of the requirements for each use, unless joint parking facilities shall be provided.
(j)
Duty of continuing compliance. Notwithstanding any transfer of the title to the real estate on which building or buildings are located, the transferees and occupants shall continue to maintain the off-street parking and loading area requirements of this chapter. It shall be unlawful for the owner or occupants of any building to discontinue or change, or cause the discontinuance or change of the required off-street parking without establishing, prior to such discontinuance or change, alternative off-street parking which meets the requirements of and is in compliance with this chapter.
(k)
Location. Off-street parking lots shall comply with the following locational and screening requirements:
(1)
Minimum front setbacks. Off-street parking shall not be permitted in the front yard of residential and community service districts. Off-street parking lots may be located in the front yard of office, commercial, industrial, and vehicular parking districts, provided that no portion of any parking lots shall be located closer than 20 feet to the setback measurement line or street right-of-way. If the planning commission determines unusual circumstances exist on the site, which present practical difficulties in complying with the 20-foot front yard setback requirement, then it may reduce the minimum setback distance by up to ten feet. Front yard parking lots shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-21.35(4)e. Parking lots located in the downtown overlay district shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-29.05(6)b.
(2)
Minimum side and rear setback. No portion of any off-street parking lot shall be located closer than 7½ feet to any property line that abuts another parcel of land that is used or zoned for residential purposes. Rear and side yard parking lots abutting a parcel of land zoned for residential purposes shall comply with the screening requirements in section 51-21.14. The setback may be reduced to five feet where the abutting parcel of land is used and zoned for nonresidential purposes.
a.
Notwithstanding these requirements, in office, commercial, industrial, and vehicular parking districts, a zero setback may be permitted where parking lots on adjacent parcels abut one another such that they function as a single parking lot, allowing free flow of traffic across the common property line.
b.
Minimum waterfront setback. No portion of any off-street parking lot shall be located closer than ten feet to the water line, unless otherwise specified in this chapter.
(3)
Parking setbacks in mobile home parks. Parking setbacks in mobile home parks shall be subject to the mobile home commission rules.
(4)
Use of setback area. The required setback area shall be appropriately landscaped or used for installation of screening, in accordance with section 51-21.14 or 51-21.35.
(Code 1994, § 19.01)
The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by use shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule:
Whenever the off-street parking requirements require the building of an off-street parking facility or where the P-1 Vehicular Parking District is used for parking purposes, such off-street parking lots shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations.
(1)
No building, structure, or land shall be erected or used for parking or driveway purposes of more than three required parking spaces unless a site plan therefor has been approved by the planning commission.
(2)
No parking lot shall be constructed without a proper permit issued by the building inspector. Application for a permit shall be submitted to the building department in such form as may be determined by the department and shall be accompanied by not less than two sets of site plans for the development of the parking lot showing that the provisions of this section will be fully complied with.
(3)
The parking facilities shall not be less than the following minimum requirements:
(4)
Except for parallel parking, all parking spaces shall be clearly striped with a minimum of four-inch-wide double lines 24 inches apart, to facilitate movement and to help maintain an orderly and efficient parking arrangement.
(5)
Parking space standards.
a.
All parking spaces shall be nine feet in width, center to center, and 20 feet in length.
b.
Barrier-free accessible parking. The required number of barrier-free accessible parking spaces shall comply with the following table 1, 2 :
1. No less than ten percent of the total parking spaces provided for Medical outpatient facilities shall be barrier-free accessible parking spaces.
2. A minimum of one barrier-free van-accessible parking space is required for every eight, or fraction of eight, barrier-free parking spaces provided.
c.
Barrier-free accessible parking spaces (standard). Standard barrier-free accessible parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet in width, 20 feet in length, and have a minimum of one adjacent access aisle of five feet in width and 20 feet in length. An access aisle may be shared by two barrier-free accessible parking spaces. The surface slope of accessible parking spaces and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be at the same level as the accessible parking spaces it serves.
d.
Barrier-free accessible parking spaces (van-accessible). Barrier-free van-accessible parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet in width, 20 feet in length, and have a minimum of one adjacent access aisle of eight feet in width and 20 feet in length. To accommodate for the operation of van-mounted wheelchair lifting devices, barrier-free van-accessible parking spaces and access aisles must have a minimum clear height above the parking space and access aisle of 98 inches from the approved grade. An access aisle may be shared by two barrier-free accessible parking spaces. The surface slope of accessible parking spaces and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be at the same level as the accessible parking spaces it serves.
e.
Barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones. Barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones shall have an adjacent access aisle, on the curb side, of at least five feet in width and 20 feet in length. The surface slope of accessible passenger loading zone and access aisles shall not exceed 1:48 in any direction. Access aisles must be parallel to and at the same elevation as the accessible passenger loading zone. A minimum clear height of 114 inches from the approved grade shall be provided above all barrier-free accessible passenger loading zones and access aisles to and from vehicle site entrances.
f.
Barrier-free accessible parking space location. All barrier-free accessible parking spaces (van-accessible/standard/loading zones) must be located on the shortest possible route from the parking facility to an accessible building entrance. When the off-street parking lot does not serve a building, the accessible parking spaces shall be located on the shortest possible route to an accessible pedestrian entrance to the off-street parking lot. When a building has multiple barrier-free accessible entrances, the accessible parking spaces must be dispersed among those entrances.
g.
Barrier-free accessible parking space signs. Each barrier-free accessible parking space shall be individually signed with the symbol of compliance. The sign shall be a minimum of 12 inches wide by 18 inches in height centered in the spaces designated for the vehicle with the bottom edge of the sign being a minimum of 80 inches off the ground. Barrier-free van-accessible parking space signs shall designate "Van-Accessible" on the face of the sign or on an additional sign mounted below the sign. Non-projecting wall mounted barrier-free accessible parking signs shall be mounted not less than 60 inches above the grade (see diagram).
h.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (curb ramps). Where an accessible route crosses a curb, a curb ramp, in compliance with the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, must be provided.
i.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (required). An exterior barrier-free accessible route shall be provided from any public transportation stop, barrier-free accessible parking space (standard and van-accessible), barrier-free accessible loading zone, and public street or sidewalk to the building's barrier-free accessible entrance being served.
j.
Exterior barrier-free accessible routes (design). All exterior barrier-free accessible routes shall be uninterrupted by steps or abrupt changes in level, have a minimum width of 60 inches, and have a gradient of not more than one foot in 20 feet. Where site constraints will not permit a gradient of one foot in 20 feet, a ramp, in compliance with the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, must be provided.
k.
Compliance. Where more restrictive, the limitations of the city's adopted building code, as amended, State of Michigan Barrier-Free Rules, Michigan Public Act No. 1 of 1966, as amended, and the American with Disabilities Act, as amended, shall take precedence over the regulations of this ordinance.
(6)
Stacking spaces shall be a minimum of nine feet wide and 20 feet in length; shall not extend into any public street right-of-way and shall be distinctly separated from on-site parking so as not to interfere with ingress and egress to parking spaces.
(7)
Parallel parking spaces shall be 20 feet in length with a six-foot maneuvering space for each two parking spaces.
(8)
All parking lots shall have clearly limited and defined access from roadways and said access shall not be less than 24 feet in width at the right-of-way line. Interior driveways shall also be clearly defined and not less than 12 feet wide for one-way and 20 feet wide for two-way traffic.
(9)
All parking spaces shall have access from an aisle on the site. Backing directly onto a street shall be prohibited.
(10)
The city may require the posting of such traffic control signs as it deems necessary to promote vehicular and pedestrian safety.
(11)
Bumper stops, curbing, or wheel chocks shall be provided to prevent any vehicle from damaging or encroaching upon any required wall, berm, pedestrian or bike path or buffer strips, upon any building adjacent to the parking lot, or upon any adjacent property. Freeway-type guard rails shall be prohibited.
(12)
All lighting used to illuminate any off-street parking area shall be limited to 20 feet in height or the height of the principal building, whichever is less, and so installed, maintained, and directed as to have no adverse effect upon adjacent properties.
(13)
Off-street parking lots, access lanes, driveways and other vehicle maneuvering areas shall be hard-surfaced with asphalt or concrete surfacing in accordance with city standards. Off-street parking areas, access lanes and driveways shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of surface waters in an approved manner. Surface water shall not be allowed to drain on to adjoining property, unless in accordance with an approved drainage plan. Grading, surfacing and drainage shall be subject to review and approval by the city engineer.
(14)
In order to ensure pedestrian safety, sidewalks, of not less than five feet in width, may be required to separate any driveway or parking area from a building.
(15)
For all developments requiring site plan approval, a new public sidewalk or safety path shall be constructed in accordance with city engineering standards along any road right-of-way. In the event that sidewalks or safety paths already exist, they shall be repaired or reconstructed, as necessary. Sidewalks and safety paths shall be five feet in width and constructed of concrete, and they shall be located one foot off of the property line in the right-of-way. Where a setback measurement standard is specified on the adopted zoning map, the sidewalk or safety path shall be located one foot from the setback measurement standard line. New or reconstructed sidewalks or safety paths shall be lined with existing or proposed sidewalks or safety paths on adjoining parcels. Sidewalks or safety paths shall be continuous across driveways; in such locations, the sidewalk or safety path shall be constructed of six-inch-thick reinforced concrete.
(16)
All interior circulation routes shall have rights-of-way of a sufficient width to accommodate the vehicular traffic generated by the uses permitted in the district or adequate provision shall be made at the time of the approval of the plan for such sufficient width of rights-of-way. The right-of-way provided to satisfy this condition shall conform with the right-of-way as provided in the city master plan.
(Code 1994, § 19.03)
(a)
For those uses requiring greater than 20 parking spaces, there shall be a minimum of 25 square feet of landscaping for each space in excess of 20 spaces required, and a minimum of 200 square feet of landscaping, must be provided.
(1)
This parking lot requirement is exclusive of any yard and other landscaping requirement within a given zone.
(2)
Parking lot landscaping shall be no less than five feet in any single dimension and no less than 150 square feet in any single area and shall be protected from parking areas with curbing, or other permanent means to prevent vehicular encroachment onto the landscaped areas. Areas less than these minimum requirements shall not be considered as meeting part of the landscaping requirements.
(b)
For all off-street parking lots, a landscaping plan shall be submitted to the planning commission. The landscape plan shall include an itemized plant materials schedule with botanical and common names of materials, their locations, sizes, and quantities. The arrangement of this landscaping shall be done in such a manner as to contribute significantly to safe circulation, visual orientation, and other positive environmental factors.
(Code 1994, § 19.04)
(a)
General applicability. On the same premises with every building, structure, or part thereof, erected and occupied for manufacturing, storage, warehouse, display and sale of goods, including department stores, wholesale stores, markets, hotels, hospitals, mortuaries, laundries, dry cleaning establishments, and other uses involving the receipt or distribution of materials, merchandise, or vehicles, there shall be provided and maintained adequate space for loading and unloading as required in this section.
(b)
Change of use or intensity. Whenever use of a building, structure, or lot is changed, loading space shall be provided as required by this ordinance for the new use, regardless of any variance which may have been in effect prior to change of use.
(c)
Location. Required loading spaces shall be located to the rear of the building being served, except that loading spaces may be located on the side if rear loading is not practical. No loading area shall be permitted in a required waterfront yard. Loading spaces or access thereto shall not be located where loading/unloading operations will interfere with traffic on public streets or off-street parking, regardless of the time of day when the loading/unloading operations occur. Loading space shall not be in a location where vehicles using the spaces are required to back up farther than 50 feet or back around a corner to gain access to or leave the space. Required loading spaces shall be located no farther than 15 feet from the door providing entry into the building.
(d)
Size. Unless otherwise specified, each required loading space shall be a minimum of ten feet in width by 40 feet in length, with a vertical clearance of 15 feet.
(e)
Surfacing and drainage. Loading areas shall be hard-surfaced with concrete or plant-mixed bituminous material. Loading areas shall be graded and drained so as to properly dispose of surface waters, subject to approval by the city engineer.
(f)
Storage and repair prohibited. The storage of merchandise, sale of motor vehicles, storage of inoperable vehicles, or repair of vehicles is prohibited in required loading space.
(g)
Use of loading space. Required loading space shall not be counted or used for required parking.
(h)
Minimum loading space. The amount of loading space shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule. The planning commission may modify these requirements upon making the determination that another standard would be more appropriate because of the number or type of deliveries experienced by a particular business or use.
SCHEDULE OF LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Note 1. Establishments containing less than 3,000 square feet of gross floor area shall be provided with adequate off-street loading space that is accessible by motor vehicle, but which does not interfere with pedestrian or vehicular traffic. The size of any such loading space shall be based on the types of delivery vehicles typically utilized by the establishment, provided that in industrial districts sufficient space must be available to accommodate a ten-foot by 40-foot loading space should it become necessary because of a change in use.
(Code 1994, § 19.05)