The purpose of this chapter is to ensure that an adequate, safe and convenient arrangement of off street parking and loading spaces are provided on every site. Such off street parking and loading facilities shall be designed as an integral part of an overall site design, shall be properly related to existing and proposed buildings and shall have appropriate landscaping. Parking facilities shall be landscaped and screened to the extent necessary to eliminate unsightliness and monotony of large concentrations of parked cars. Parking facilities shall be designed with careful regard to orderly arrangement, landscaping, ease of access and shall be developed as an integral part of an overall site design. Any aboveground loading facility shall be screened from public view to the extent necessary to eliminate unsightliness.

Off street parking spaces shall be required for all uses in all zoning districts except the C-4, downtown commercial district, and MR, marina recreation district where off street parking facilities shall not be required. Off street loading facilities shall be provided as required by section 11-9-7 of this chapter. Within this chapter, references to parking facilities include parking lots and parking garages. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   A.   Increased Parking Demand: Whenever a building or use constructed or established after the effective date of this zoning ordinance is changed or enlarged in floor area, number of employees, number of dwelling units, seating capacity or otherwise, parking spaces shall be provided on the basis of the change or enlargement. Whenever a building or use existing prior to the effective date of this zoning ordinance is reconstructed or enlarged to the extent of twenty percent (20%) or more of floor area, said building or use in its entirety shall then and thereafter comply with the parking requirements set forth herein. Any change or enlargement in use of less than twenty percent (20%) of the gross floor area shall be provided with parking based on the change or enlargement.

   B.   Decreased Parking Demand: When a building, structure or site undergoes a decrease in floor area, number of dwelling units, seating capacity or other unit of measurement specified hereinafter as a means for determining required off street parking and loading facilities, or when the application of the standards herein would result in a requirement for fewer total off street parking and/or loading spaces than are provided on the subject site, the available off street parking and/or loading facilities may be reduced accordingly provided that existing off street parking and loading remaining would equal or exceed the off street parking and loading requirements resulting from application of the provisions of these standards to the entire building, structure or site as modified. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   A.   Prohibition Of Repair, Service Or Sales Use Of Parking Facilities: No required off street parking or loading facilities shall be utilized for motor vehicle repair work, service, display or sales of any kind, except as expressly permitted elsewhere in this zoning ordinance.

   B.   Prohibition Of Use Of Required Parking As Commercial Or Public Lot: No area designated as a required parking area in connection with any designated building, structure, site or use shall be operated as a commercial or public parking facility providing parking spaces for the general public.

   C.   Entries And Exits: The number of entrances and exits shall be limited to one entrance and one exit or one combined entrance and exit per three hundred (300) linear feet of street frontage unless additional entrances and/or exits are deemed necessary by the city staff. Except for single-family residential dwellings and duplexes, all parking access shall be designed to prevent the need to back directly onto a public road or right of way.

   D.   Location Of Parking Or Loading Space: All required off street parking or loading spaces shall be provided on the same parcel of land occupied by the use or building to which it is appurtenant; provided, however, that where there are, in the judgment of the city staff, practical difficulties in satisfying the requirement for parking space and/or if the public safety or convenience would be better served by another location, the city staff may authorize an alternative location for any portion of the required parking for a nonresidential use which will adequately serve the public interest, subject to the following conditions:

      1.   Required accessory off street parking facilities may be provided elsewhere than on the lot on which the principal use served is located and shall not exceed twenty percent (20%) of the total parking required, provided that the property occupied as parking is in the same possession, either by deed, by easement, or by long term lease which has a term equal to or exceeding the projected life of the facility occupied by the principal use, and further provided that the owner shall be bound by covenants filed on record with the Madison County recorder of deeds, requiring the owner and his or her heirs and assigns, as well as subsequent owners, heirs or assigns, to maintain the required number of off street parking spaces during the existence of such principal use.

      2.   Accessory off street parking shall be available within a walking distance of not more than five hundred feet (500') measured from the nearest property line of the premises to the nearest part of the accessory parking area.

      3.   Such separated parking space shall be usable without causing unreasonable traffic congestion, detriment to any residential neighborhood, or hazard to pedestrians or vehicular traffic.

   E.   Zoning Of Accessory Parking Areas: All accessory off site parking facilities, whether provided in fulfillment of or in excess of the requirements of this chapter, and whether located on the same or on a different lot from the principal use as provided in the preceding subsection, shall be located on nonresidentially zoned property.

   F.   Joint Parking Facilities: Off street parking facilities for different buildings, structures or uses, or for mixed uses, may be provided and used collectively or jointly in any zoning district in which separate off street parking facilities for each constituent use would be permitted, subject to the following provisions:

      1.   The total number of spaces so located together is not less than the sum of the separate requirements for each use except as provided by subsections F3 and F4 of this section and subsection 11-9-5C12b of this chapter.

      2.   A legally sufficient written agreement assuring the perpetual joint usage of said common parking for the combination of uses or buildings is properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the city attorney, and filed with and made part of the application for a building permit.

      3.   Up to fifty percent (50%) of the parking spaces required for a theater (unless the theater's required parking spaces are based on the provisions of subsection 11-9-5C12b of this chapter) or other place of evening entertainment, or for a church, may be provided and used jointly by banks, offices, retail stores, repair shops, service establishments and similar uses not normally open, used or operated during evening hours if specifically approved by the city staff; and provided, however, that written agreement assuring the retention for such purpose shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the city attorney, and shall be filed and made part of the application for a building permit. Such approval may, with fifteen (15) days' prior written notice, be rescinded by the city council and additional parking shall be obtained by the owners in the event that the city council determines that such joint use is resulting in a public nuisance or is otherwise adversely affecting the public health, safety or welfare.

      4.   Land uses which do not meet the criteria of subsection F3 of this section, but which can clearly demonstrate the ability to successfully provide joint parking facilities to the satisfaction of the city staff, may be permitted to share up to fifty percent (50%) of their required parking spaces provided that written agreement assuring the retention for such purpose shall be properly drawn and executed by the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the city attorney, and shall be filed and made part of the application for a building permit. Such approval may, with fifteen (15) days' prior written notice, be rescinded by the city council and additional parking shall be obtained by the owners in the event that the city council determines that such joint use is resulting in a public nuisance or is otherwise adversely affecting the public health, safety or welfare. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   A.   Size Of Parking Spaces: Typical parking spaces in parking lots shall be a minimum of nine feet (9') wide by nineteen feet (19') long. Parallel parking spaces shall have minimum dimensions of eight feet (8') wide by twenty three feet (23') long. Each parking space shall provide seven feet (7') of vertical clearance. Drive aisles providing access to parking spaces shall be twenty four feet (24') wide for two-way traffic and at least fourteen feet (14') wide for one-way traffic.

   B.   Reduction In Space Size: The city staff may approve the use of continuous concrete curbs as wheel stops and thus measure the size of parking spaces to be two feet (2') less in length than otherwise required. In such instances the parking layout should allow for the vehicle to overhang the curb by two feet (2') and such overhang area must be clear of all obstructions (signs, trees, etc.) and may not be regarded as required landscape area.

   C.   Parking Surface And Drainage: All open off street parking areas, except those accessory to one- or two-family dwellings, shall be improved with a compacted select rock base surfaced with an all weather, dustless material suitably designed for the intended use to a standard approved by the city. Such material shall not include oil and chip. Parking and loading facilities shall be provided with adequate stormwater drainage facilities to prevent damage or inconvenience to abutting property and/or public streets and alleys. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   D.   Pavement Marking: All parking spaces shall be marked by durable painted lines at least four inches (4") wide and extending the length of the space or by curbs or other means to indicate individual spaces. Handicapped parking spaces shall be identified through the use of yellow painted lines (see section 11-9-6 of this chapter). Signs or markers located on the surface within a parking facility shall be used as necessary to ensure efficient and safe traffic operation of the facility. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003; amd. Ord. 7464, 6-10-2015)

   E.   Lighting: Any off street parking or loading area used between six o'clock (6:00) P.M. and six o'clock (6:00) A.M. shall contain a system of lighting to provide an adequate standard of at least one foot-candle of illumination over the area of the parking area to be used. All lighting shall be arranged to deflect, shade and focus lights away from adjacent properties and shall be designed so as not to create more than one foot-candle of illumination at any property boundary abutting a residential zoning district. Any land use which utilizes an off street parking or loading area between six o'clock (6:00) P.M. and six o'clock (6:00) A.M. an average of less than four (4) days per month may be exempted from this requirement by the city staff.

   F.   Reserved.

   G.   Maintenance: All signs, markers or any other methods used to indicate direction of traffic movement and location of parking spaces shall be maintained in a neat and legible condition. Likewise any walls, landscaping including trees and shrubbery, as well as surfacing and curbing of the parking facility, shall be maintained in good condition throughout its use for parking purposes.

   H.   Recreational Vehicles: With the exception of travel trailer parks and commercial establishments engaged in the sale of recreational vehicles, recreational vehicles shall comply with the following regulations:

      1.   Not more than one recreational vehicle shall be parked on any lot.

      2.   No recreational vehicle shall be used as a dwelling.

      3.   No recreational vehicle shall be used as an office or for any other commercial purposes.

      4.   No recreational vehicle shall be parked on a regular basis in front of any existing residences or in the front yard or driveway on any lot in any single-family residential zoning district.

   I.   Paving Of Residential Parking Spaces: The required off street parking spaces for any residential use shall be paved with concrete, asphaltic concrete or brick. Any parking space constructed or designated after the effective date of this zoning ordinance and the driveways between such spaces and the street right of way line shall be similarly paved. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   A.   Rules For Computing Parking Spaces: In computing the number of required off street parking spaces, the following rules shall apply:

      1.   "Floor area" shall mean the gross area of the entire building of the specific use, excluding any floor or portion thereof used for parking.

      2.   Where fractional spaces result, the parking spaces required shall be the next greater whole number.

      3.   In the case of mixed uses, the parking spaces required shall be computed separately for each use except as provided in subsections 11-9-3F3 and F4 of this chapter and subsection C12b of this section.

      4.   All required parking shall be available at all times for the use for which the parking is required except as specifically provided by this chapter.

      5.   In the case of bench seating, such as pews in a place of worship, twenty one (21) lineal inches of bench seating shall equate to one seat.

      6.   For residential uses, off street parking requirements can be met through the use of a garage and/or paved parking spaces located outside of any right of way.

      7.   If a specific land use is not included in the list of uses for which parking space requirements are specifically listed, then the required parking for that use shall be determined by using the required parking for the most similar use in its "North American Industry Classification System" (NAICS) code.

   B.   General Parking Requirements:

      1.   Residential Uses: For single-family dwellings, duplexes, and multiple-family dwellings two (2) parking spaces per dwelling unit. For manufactured homes, two (2) parking spaces per manufactured home.

      2.   Public Assembly: Churches, other places of worship, public buildings, auditoriums, and other places of public assembly: One parking space for each four (4) seats.

      3.   Office Buildings: General offices including professional, governmental or institutional, except as specifically enumerated in this chapter: For buildings less than fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet, one parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area. For buildings greater than fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet, one parking space per three hundred (300) square feet.

      4.   Shopping Centers: Shopping centers designed for retail uses and personal service establishments shall provide five (5) parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area unless the proposed mix of land uses in the shopping center require a higher number in which case the higher number shall be required.

   C.   Parking Requirements For Specific Uses:

      1.   Accommodation and food service (uses within NAICS code 72).

         a.   Bed and breakfast inns (uses within NAICS code 721191): Two (2) parking spaces, plus one parking space for each room offered for overnight accommodations.

         c.   Hotels, motels and similar lodging facilities (uses within NAICS code 72111): One and one-tenth (1.1) parking spaces per rentable room, plus one parking space for each three (3) seats in the restaurant and lounge, plus one parking space per five hundred (500) square feet of conference rooms.

         d.   Restaurants and bars (uses within NAICS code 722): One parking space per one hundred (100) square feet of floor area, plus one parking space per each four (4) seats in an outdoor seating area.

      2.   Agriculture, forestry and fishing (uses within NAICS code 11): One parking space per five hundred (500) square feet of floor area.

      3.   Arts, entertainment and recreation (uses within NAICS code 71):

         a.   Amusement game parlors, pool halls, and other similar recreational buildings: One parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.

         b.   Bowling centers (uses within NAICS code 71395): Five (5) parking spaces per lane.

         c.   Dance studios, schools and halls (including martial arts and similar schools) (uses within NAICS code 71399): One parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.

         d.   Golf courses (uses within NAICS code 71391): Four (4) parking spaces per hole.

         e.   Museums, art galleries, botanical and zoological gardens (uses within NAICS code 712): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area, plus one parking space per two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet of outdoor display area.

         f.   Public or private commercially operated recreational complexes and associated structures: Five (5) parking spaces per gross acre, plus one parking space per one hundred (100) square feet of floor area for associated support buildings.

      4.   Broadcasting and telecommunications (uses within NAICS code 513).

         a.   Cable networks and program distribution (uses within NAICS code 5132): One parking space for every three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

         b.   Radio and television broadcasting (uses within NAICS code 5131): One parking space for every three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

         c.   Telecommunications (uses within NAICS code 5133): One parking space for every four hundred (400) square feet of floor area.

      5.   Business services (uses within NAICS code 54):

         a.   Legal services (uses within NAICS code 5411): One parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area.

         b.   Veterinary services (uses within NAICS code 541940): One parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area.

         c.   All other business services: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

      6.   Construction (uses within NAICS code 23): One parking space per five hundred (500) square feet of floor area, plus one parking space per three thousand (3,000) square feet of outdoor storage area.

      7.   Educational services (uses within NAICS code 611):

         a.   Elementary and secondary schools (uses within NAICS code 6111):

            (1)   High schools: One parking space for every four (4) students based on the maximum design capacity of the school, plus one parking space for every employee.

            (2)   Junior high and elementary schools: Two (2) parking spaces per classroom.

         b.   Colleges and universities: One parking space for every five (5) students based on the maximum enrollment of the school.

         c.   Business schools and technical/vocational schools (uses within NAICS codes 6112-6115): One parking space for every two (2) students based on the maximum design capacity of the school, plus one parking space for every employee.

         d.   Other educational services: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

      8.   Finance, insurance and real estate (uses within NAICS codes 52-53):

         a.   Banks and savings and loans (uses within NAICS codes 521-522):

            (1)   For buildings up to five thousand (5,000) square feet in size: One parking space per one hundred sixty five (165) square feet of floor area.

            (2)   For buildings greater than five thousand (5,000) square feet, but not more than ten thousand (10,000) square feet in size: Thirty (30) parking spaces, plus one parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area over five thousand (5,000) square feet.

            (3)   For buildings greater than ten thousand (10,000) square feet in size: Fifty (50) parking spaces, plus one parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of space over ten thousand (10,000) square feet.

         b.   All other finance (credit agencies, securities and commodities services), insurance and real estate offices: One parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area.

      9.   Healthcare and social assistance (uses within NAICS code 62):

         a.   Childcare centers (uses within NAICS code 6244): One and one-half (11/2) parking spaces per staff person required for the licensed capacity of the facility. In addition, daycare facilities shall provide safe drop off areas near the main entrance to the facility.

         b.   Hospitals (uses within NAICS code 622): One and three-tenths (1.3) parking spaces per patient bed.

         c.   Medical and dental offices and outpatient care centers (uses within NAICS codes 6211-6214):

            (1)   Buildings under ten thousand (10,000) square feet: One parking space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet of floor area.

            (2)   Buildings greater than ten thousand (10,000) square feet: Sixty seven (67) parking spaces, plus one parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area over ten thousand (10,000) square feet.

         d.   Nursing and personal care facilities (uses within NAICS code 623): One parking space per two (2) patient beds.

         e.   All other health services: One parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of floor area.

         f.   All other social service uses: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

      10.   Manufacturing (uses within NAICS codes 31-33):

         a.   Research and development facility: One parking space per four hundred (400) square feet of floor area.

         b.   All other manufacturing: One parking space for every five hundred (500) square feet of floor area.

      11.   Membership organizations (uses within NAICS codes 8132-8134, 8139): One parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.

      12.   Motion pictures (uses within NAICS code 5121):

         a.   Single motion picture theaters: One parking space per three (3) seats.

         b.   Multi-plex motion picture theaters: One parking space per four (4) seats. Except, however, that such theaters may have their parking modified by the provisions of subsection 11-9-3F3 of this chapter or multi-plex theaters located within shopping centers containing over twenty five thousand (25,000) square feet of floor area which provide at least six (6) parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area or multi-plex theaters located within shopping centers over fifty thousand (50,000) square feet of floor area which provide at least five (5) parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area may provide parking according to the following standards:

 

 

         c.   Videotape rental (uses within NAICS code 53223): One parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.

         d.   All other motion picture uses: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

      13.   Personal services (uses within NAICS code 812):

         a.   Barbershops, beauty shops, nail salons and tanning salons (uses within NAICS code 8121): Two (2) parking spaces per barber, beautician and/or manicurist station or one parking space per one hundred (100) square feet of floor area, whichever is greater.

         b.   Funeral homes and funeral services (uses within NAICS code 812210): One parking space per one hundred (100) square feet of floor space devoted to parlors, individual funeral service rooms and similar areas, plus one parking space for each funeral vehicle kept on the premises, plus one parking space per employee.

         c.   Laundry, cleaning and garment services (uses within NAICS code 8123):

            (1)   Dry cleaning pick up establishments: One parking space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet of floor area for the pick up area, plus one parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area for clothing storage and other areas.

            (2)   All other uses: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

         d.   All other personal service establishments: One space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area.

      14.   Repair and maintenance (uses within NAICS code 811):

         a.   Automobile repair and services (uses within NAICS code 8111): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area, plus one space per service bay.

         b.   Miscellaneous repair services (uses within NAICS codes 8112-8114): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

      15.   Transportation and warehousing (uses within NAICS codes 48-49):

         a.   Transportation (uses within NAICS codes 48, 491-492): One parking space for every four hundred (400) square feet of floor area.

         b.   Warehousing and storage businesses (uses within NAICS code 493) shall have their parking requirements based on the following:

 

 

      16.   Utility uses (uses within NAICS code 221): One parking space for every five hundred (500) square feet of floor area.

      17.   Wholesale and retail trade (uses within NAICS codes 42, 44-45):

         a.   Automotive (uses within NAICS codes 441, 447) (not including automobile repair (uses within NAICS code 8111)):

            (1)   Automobile, boat or other motor vehicle dealers (uses within NAICS codes 4411, 4412): One parking space per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of showroom floor area, plus two (2) parking spaces per service bay. Parking spaces typically occupied by new or used automobiles for sale shall not be counted towards the required off street parking requirements. Such parking spaces occupied by automobiles for sale do not have to meet the minimum parking space requirements specified in this zoning ordinance.

            (2)   Auto parts stores (uses within NAICS code 4413): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

            (3)   Gasoline stations (uses within NAICS code 447): One parking space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area, plus three (3) parking spaces for every service bay.

            (4)   All other automotive uses: One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

         b.   Building materials and garden supplies (uses within NAICS code 444): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area, plus one parking space per one thousand (1,000) square feet of outdoor display area.

         c.   Furniture and home furnishings stores (including carpeting and major appliances) (uses within NAICS code 442): One parking space per three hundred (300) square feet of floor area.

         d.   General retail establishments (food, health and personal care, apparel and accessories, general merchandise, and miscellaneous retail stores) (uses within NAICS codes 445-446, 448, 451-453): Five (5) parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area.

         e.   Wholesaling businesses (uses within NAICS code 42) shall have their parking requirements based on the following:

 

 

(Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003; amd. Ord. 7879, 4-12-2023)

   A.   General: All applicants should be aware of the requirements of the Americans with disabilities act (ADA) of 1990, including provisions of the act which were effective as of January 26, 1992. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)

   B.   Handicapped Parking Spaces: Handicapped parking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet (8') in width and each space shall have access to a five foot (5') wide access aisle. In addition, at least one of the handicapped parking spaces must be capable of accommodating a wheelchair van which shall be provided a parking space of eight feet (8') wide plus an eight foot (8') wide discharge area. All handicapped parking spaces shall be identified by yellow lines and a handicapped symbol painted on the pavement, and by a handicapped parking space sign for each space. (Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003; amd. Ord. 7464, 6-10-2015)

   A.   Purpose And Intent: It is the city's intent to require sufficient off street loading areas and to ensure that such areas are located in a convenient location out of sight of the general public to the extent feasible. Such off street loading areas shall be located at the rear of building whenever practical.

Off street loading areas shall be provided for every use identified in subsection C of this section. Loading areas which are utilized for the location of trash collection or compaction units shall be provided for and shall be in addition to the loading space requirements provided in subsection C of this section.

   B.   Dimensions Of Spaces: Loading spaces shall have minimum dimensions of twelve feet (12') width by thirty five feet (35') length with a vertical clearance of at least fourteen feet (14'). In addition, some uses may be required to provide loading zones of at least sixty feet (60') in length to accommodate large tractor trailers.

   C.   Schedule Of Off Street Loading Spaces:

      1.   Residential Uses: Any building or project containing more than fifty (50) apartment dwelling units shall provide one loading space for each two hundred (200) dwelling units or fraction thereof.

      2.   Offices And Personal Or Community Service Establishments: One loading space shall be provided for each such use, including schools, medical or dental clinics, auditoriums or clubs, and similar use, having greater than six thousand (6,000) square feet of gross floor space.

      3.   Buildings Over Three Thousand Square Feet: Every building consisting of over three thousand (3,000) square feet of floor area designed or adaptable for retail, warehouse, wholesale or manufacturing use shall be provided with loading spaces and zones as follows:

 

 

   Note:

      1.    Retail uses existing on the effective date of this zoning ordinance may be allowed to substitute 1 off street loading space per required off street loading area if they can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the city staff that off street loading areas are not necessary for their business.

(Ord. 6734, 6-11-2003)